Abs ac
'A UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE
MENDELIANAE
BRUNENSIS
SBORNIK
MENDELOVY
ZEMEDELSKE
A
LESNICKE
UNIVERZITY
V
BRNE
THE RAW
MILK
QUALITY
FROMORGANIC
AND
CONVENTIONAL
AGRICULTURE
Numbe
5,2008
2003).
The
milk
a is
p oduced
mainly
om
ace ic
acid. Ace ic acid is
p oduced
in
he
umen.
The
op i-
mal
p oduc ion
o ace icacidoccu s
by
18-20
% ib e
con en
in eeding a ion (2/3 in
he
s uc u al
o m).
I
means
a leas 3 kg o ib e
in
he
o age (Somme
and
Gallo; 2000). Ellis e al. (2006)analyzed a y acid
composi ion o o ganic
and
con en ional milk. O -
ganic milk
had
a
highe
p opo ion
o
polyunsa u-
a ed o
monounsa u a ed
a y acids
han
con en-
ional
milk
and
con ained
aconsis en lylowe
n-6
:
n-3
a y acids a io
compa ed
wi h
con en ional
milk.
The
milkp o eins a e
o med
in
he
mamma y
gland
epi helium
and
consis o casein
and
whey
p o eins (Somme , Gallo, 2000).
The
o age p o eins
quan i a i ely
and
quali a i ely
in luence
he
con-
en
o milk p o eins
mainly
a
he
beginning
o lac-
a ion.
The
impo an
ac o s a e mic obial p o eins
syn hesis
in
he
umen,
con en
o
he
nondeg ada-
ble
p o eins
in
umen
and
ene gy
o eeding a ions
(Valen , 1995).
The
con en
o essen ial
amino
acids
in
he
milk is 2048.8 mg.lOO ml-'
and
nonessen ial
3
25
emands o
consume s
o
an o ganic
p od-
inc eased
and
c ea e
new
ma ke
o
ag i-
p oduc s mainly in Wes e n
Eu ope
and
anic a ming is de ined as
o m
o ag icul-
he aim o c ea e in eg a ed,
human,
en-
ally sus ainable ag icul u al
p oduc ion
he
main
ad an ages o o ganic a ming
a ke p ice o
such
p oduc s
a e highe ,
which
hey
a e
p oduced
in ol es less
in-
se.o
land
and
be e
p o ec ion
o en i on-
(jduc ion o g ass as
odde
in
No h
Slo a-
a
he
mos
impo an
use
o o ganic
land
impo an milk
p oduc ion.
.
kquali y
is
in luenced
by
many
ac o s.
ibili y, me aboli e
blood
concen a ion
ssin
he
mamma y
gland a e a ec ed
by
o easy deg adable ca bohyd a es, i-
o elns in eeding a ions (Kolos a e al.,
a con en a ied
be ween
2.33
and
5.25%
and Zeman,2004). Bu in
he
ewe's
milk
is
3-7.24%(Sus o ae al.,2005,Gaj
duseke
al.,
J.
Cubon,
.
Fol ys,
P.
Hascik, M. Kacanio a, I. Ub ezio a, S.K ac na
Recei ed:
June
10, 2008
{)N,
J.,
FOLTYS,
.
HASCIK, P.,UBREZ oV
A,
1.,KRACMAR, S.:The
aw
milk
quali y
om
o ganic
On en ional
ag icul u e.
Ac auni . ag ic. e sil ic. Mendel. B un., 2008, LVI,
No.5,
pp.
25-30
eexpe imen
he
pa ame e s
o
milk
quali y
om
o ganic
and
con en ional
dai y
a mwe eana-
The
numbe
o soma ic cells was 219. 10
3.ml-
1in
he
o ganic
milk
and
242. 10
3.ml-
1
in
he
con-
nal milk.
I
seems
ha
condi ions o o ganic a ming
could
be
able o ha e aposi i e e ec
I h o
mamma y
gland. We
ound
he
highes
numbe
o soma ic cells a
he
end
o
he
yea
3.ml-1in o ganic
milk
in Decembe , espec i ely336.103.ml-' in con en ional milk
in
No em-
he o al bac e ia
coun
was
highe
in
o ganic milk (86.103CFU.ml-1)
han
con en ional (51.103
-I) likewise
he
numbe
o coli o m bac e ia.
Numbe
o coli o m bac e ia was
by
con en-
milk
unde
1000 CFU.ml-1
o
all samples.
The
highes
numbe
o coli o m bac e iain o gan-
kwas achie edin Feb ua y
(l000
CFU.ml-I). We
ound
highe
con en
o a (4.23g.100g-1)
and
(3.41g.100g-1)
by
o ganic
milk
in
compa ison
wi h
he
con en ional
milk
(4.11g.100g-1, esp.
.100g-1).
The
highe
con en
o
p o ein
and
a in o ganicmilk
and
he
highe
p o ein
con en
in
n ianal milkwe e
de e mined
in Decembe .
The
hea
esis ancewas
de e mined
by
96 %e ha-
qui ed o coagula iono 2 ml o milk.
The
con en ional
milk
has signi ican lylowe
hea
esis -
1.38ml)
han
he
o ganic
one
(1.86 ml), Be e
hea
s abili y
by
o ganic
milk
and
highe
con en
(144.29mg.100g-1)
co espond
wi h
highe
echnological quali yo o ganicmilk.
biological quali y, a , p o ein,
hea
s abili y, calcium
J.
Cubon,
.
Fol ys,
P.
HasUk,
M.
Kacdnio d,
1.
Ub ezio d,
S.
K dcma
26
2173.7
mg.l00
ml-I(K acma e al., 2007). Mine al
con en o milk is
abou
0.7
%.
The mos
impo an
mine al elemen is calcium.
The
calcium con en
in milk is
abou
0.12
%.
In
he
case o mas i is milk
calcium dec eased o 0.04 %
(Vasil,
2000). Calcium
in milk occu s in
he
wo o ms, as micelles
and
in
soluble o m. Casein micelles
con en
nonsoluble
calcium phospha es
and
holds micelle s uc u e.
The calcium
con en
is
impo an
o milk p ocess-
ing (Iam icho a, 2001). The abso p ion o calcium
is mainly in
he
wo o ms calcium compound. Cal-
cium
chlo ine is dissocia ed o ions
and
amoun
o
dissocia ed calcium is di ec ed
by
i amin D, pa a-
ho mon
and
calci onin. Calcium
phospho
is e y
impo an
o abso p ion oo. Calcium con en is
abou
0.12%
and
phospho
0.10%
(Ko acik,1997).
The o ganic a ming
used
p ima y on a m de-
i ed enewable esou ces. The o ganic a ming is
co e ed
by
Council Regula ions 2092/91. This e-
gula ion se s
ou
s ic equi emen s o ag icul u al
p oduc s
and
oods
p oduced
in
he
EU o
impo ed
om
hi d
coun ies. Good
heal h
and
wel a e a e
impo an
in
he
cow ea ing. Fo
he
good
heal h
is
impo an
he
ou doo
ea ing, cows ha e o be mi-
nimally150 days
pe
yea on
he
pas u e. Fo
indoo
ea ing is
impo an
loose housing sys em, mini-
mally 6m2
p e
cow. Minimally 60%o d y ma e o
eeding a ion has o
be
o age. Gene ically modi-
ied o ganisms,
hei
p oduc s
and
syn he ic amino
acids a e o bidden.
The
cleaning
and
disin ec ion
can minimallye ec on en i onmen
and
dai yp o-
duc ion.
The
s eam,
ho
wa e (85D
C)
o O.5%
solu ion
o ni ous acid o
0.5%
solu ion o lye a e p e e ed.
Raye
al. (2006) analyzed
he
an imic obial sensi-
i i y o
Salmonella
om o ganic
and
con en ional
dai y a ms. The p obabili yo appea ance o
Salmo-
nella
isola es wi h g ea e esis ance o s ep omycin
(30.4%)
and
sul ame hoxazole
(29.0%)
was highe on
con en ional a ms
han
o ganic a ms.
The an ibio ic esis ance s a us needs o be mo-
ni o ed in
he
o ganic a ms as well as con en-
ional a ms
and
p oduc ion
a ms
need
o be e a-
lua ed. Al hough an ibio ic esis ance pa e ns may
e lec
he
an ibio ics
used
o mas i is p e en ion
and
ea men (Rajala-Schul z e al., 2004), con inc-
ing
e idenceis lucking
ha
he
use
o an ibio ics o
he
ea men o p e en ion o mas i is has esul ed
in de elopmen o esis ance o an ibio ics (Hille -
on
and
Be y, 2005).Roesch e al. (2006)s udiedan-
ibio ic esis ance o
udde
pa hogens in dai y cows
om o ganic
and
con en ional a ms. Ob ious di -
e ences in
he
pe cen age o an ibio ic esis ance
a e mainly species- ela ed
and
di e in
S ep ococcus
ube is,
which
exhibi ed signi ican ly
mo e
single e-
sis ance (compa edwi h
no
esis an )
when
isola ed
om cows
kep
on o ganic a ms (6/10 isola es)
han
on con en ional a ms (0/5isola es).
The aim o his s udywas o de e mine
he
e ec
o o ganiccondi ionson milkquali y.
In
o ganicp o-
duc ion a e
no
used
nondeg adable de e gen s
and
in his iew we eanalyzedmic obiological quali yo
milk.
MATERIAL
AND
METHODS
In
he
expe imen
he
o ganic milk quali y pa-
ame e s we e analyzed.
The
milk samples om
he
ollowing a ms we e analyzed:
•O ganic a m - Slo ak Pinzgau ca le (app oxi-
ma ely100 cows),
•Con en ional a m - Slo ak Pinzgau ca le (ap-
p oxima ely100 cows).
Bo h anns a e si ua ed in
he
sou h
pa
o
Slo akia.
The
o ganic a m is in
he
sys em o o ganic ag-
icul u e
and
is
unde
he
o ganic con ol. O ganic
a mingin Slo akia is adminis e edby Council egu-
la ions 2092/1991 ED.
Bulk ank milk samples we e ob ained a e cool-
ing o
he
empe a u e o 4
DC
- 8
DC
in acco dance
wi h STN EN ISO 707. The
bulk
milk
samples om
mo ning
and
e ening milk we e sampled
by
me-
hodic equi emen s o awcowmilk.
The
milksam-
pleswe e analyzed om May o Feb ua y, wo imes
pe
mon h
and
he
esul s in gi en
mon h
we e a e-
aged.
The
milk samples we e ob ained
by
ained
ope a o om
he
Slo akAg icul u alUni e si y.
The samples we e analyzed in
he
labo a o y
o
he
Slo ak Ag icul u al Cen e in Ni a
and
in
he
labo a o yo
Depa men
AnimalP oduc s E a-
lua ion
and
P ocessing o Slo ak Ag icul u al Uni-
e si yin Ni a.
In
he
awmilkwe e analyzed:
• Soma ic cell
coun
(SCC)
by disc cy ome e Fosso-
ma ic90,
• To albac e ia
coun
by
cul u e
me hod
on
he
cul-
u emedium
GTKAa 30
DC
(STNEN ISO 4833),
•Con en o a , p o ein
and
lac ose in milk by
MilkoScan (g.100g-1),
•
hea
s abili ywas de e mined
by
96%e hanol (ml)
equi ed o coagula iono 2 ml o milk,
•Calcium con en by colo ime ic
me hod
STN 57
0530.
Resul s o obse a ions we e e alua ed
by
- es ,
s a is ical p og amS a g aphics.
RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION
SCC was lowe (219.103•ml-')in
he
o ganic milk
han
he
con en ional milk (242.103•ml-')
bu
his
di e ence was
no
s a is ically signi ican ( able I).
Kolos a (2002) p esen ed highe con en o so-
ma ic cells in
he
milk
p oduced
in
he
Slo akia
312.103,
ml-',
The
lowes con en o soma ic cells in
he
o ganic
milk
was in
he
May 96.03•ml-Iand in
he
con en ionalmilkwas in No embe 79.10
3.ml-
l•
We
ound
he
highes
numbe
o soma ic cells a
he
end
o
he
yea (336.10
3.ml-
lin
o ganic milk in
Decembe , espec i ely 336.10
3.ml-
1in con en-
ional milk in No embe ). These esul s we e in
he
ag eemen
wi h
limi s (400.103,ml-l)de e mined
by
he
Council egula ions 1662/2006. Kolos a and
Golecky (2005)
ound
only 139.10
3.ml-
1soma ic
cells in
he
milk o cows
pas u ed
plus
g ain eed
27
4Coli o m o ganisms
wi h lowe ib e con en .
The
con en o ib e is
he
main
ac o a ec ingcon en o a in milk(Som-
me , 1997).
The
op imal ibe con en in
he
eed a-
ion is 18-22%. The highes a iabili y o a con en
was in o ganic milk
(VOla
=9.66).
I
could
be caused
by
less balanced eed a ion in
he
yea . Olesen e al.
(1999)
ound
simila esul s. They de e mined a
con en om 3.62 o 4.22
%.
P o ein con en in
he
o ganicmilkwas
3041
%
and
in con en ionalmilk
3.39%.
In
he
o ganic milkwas
he
lo e p o ein con en
in
he
Augus (3.18
%)
and
in
he
con en ionalin
he
May (3.05
%)
analogous o
Fol ys(1996).Olesene al. (1999)
ound
highe p o ein
con en (3.15- 3.25
%)
in
he
o ganicmilk.
The
high-
es p o ein
con en
wasin
Decembe o o ganic
milk
(3.75
%)
and
con en ionalmilk oo (3.65
%).
The
main
e ec on p o einmilkcon en has eed ene gy(Som-
me , 1999). Fa con en was
highe
o o ganic milk
in
he
win e (Decembe 4.86
g.lOOg-I,
Janua y
4.5g.100g-1and Feb ua y4.33g.100g-I).
I
seems ha
he
high
a con en is in ela ion o high ib e con-
en
in
he
eed a ios (up o 22
%)
and
i could de-
c eased
milk
p oduc ion. In
he
con en ional milk
was
high
a con en in
he
No embe (4.62g.100g-l).
P o eincon en in
he
o ganicmilkwas 3
Al
g.lOOg-1
and
in
he
con en ional3.39g.100g-l.The lowe
p o-
ein con en in
he
con en ionalmilkwas in
he
May
(3.05g.100g-l)likewiseFol ys(1996).
Con en o lac ose was in
he
o ganic milk
4.72 g.100g-1
and
in
he
con en ional 4.81 g.lOOg-l.
The lowe lac ose con en in
he
o ganicmilkwas in
Oc obe
and
No embe equally4.61 g.100g-1
and
in
he
con en ionalmilkin
Janua y
(4.7g.lOOg-l). Fol ys
(1996)
ound
ou
he
lowe lac osecon en in
he
June
(4.6g.lOOg-l). Con en o non a solids was in
he
o -
ganic milk8.85g.100g-1
and
in
he
con en ionalmilk
8.92 g.100g-1•
The
lowe con en o non a solids
in o ganic milk was in
he
Oc obe (8.63 g.100g-1)
and
he
highe in
he
Decembe (9.12 g.100g-1) .
In
he
con en ional milk was
he
lowes
con en
o
non a solidsin
he
May (8.66g.100g-
1).
2S
oma ic cells 3To albac e ia
coun
(lOOO.ml-
l)(lOOO.mP)
The
aw milkquali y om o ganic
and
con en ionalag icul u e
6Con en ion 50 ganicmilk 6Con en ion 50 ganicmilk 6Con en ion
milk
milk
milk
10 10 10 10 10 10
219 242 86 51 554 269
74.86 85.79 9.11 28.4 279.57 191.69
23.67 27.13 2.88 8.98
88041
60.62
34.22 35.53 10.61 56.02 50.46 71.37
++ +
Soma icke bunky; 3Celko y
poce
mik oo ganizmo ;4Koli o mne mik oo ganizmy,5Ekolo-
"Kon encne mlieko
soma ic
cells
and
o al
bac e ia
coun
in he
o ganic
and
con en ion
milk.
Poce
soma ickych
buniek,
celko y
poce
mo
a
poce
koli o mnych
mik oo ganizmo
ekologickom
a
kon encnom
mlieku.
mo e highe con en o soma ic cells
in
he
milko cows only
pas u ed
wi h-
The condi ions o o ganic a ming
Ie o each accep able con en o soma ic
se in o ganic a ming is
impo an
good
dwel a e o animals.
ac e ia
coun
was 86.103CFU.ml-1in o -
kand
51.103
C 'U mll
in
con en ionalmilk
To albac e ia
coun
was
unde
he
limi 100
.ml-Iin all samples (Council egula ions
).To al
numbe
o bac e iain Slo ak condi-
ge om 117.103CFU.ml-1(Kolos a,2002) o
1-1
(Ho e ico a,2003).
In
he
2004
had
milk
kia be e mic obiological quali y
(55045
%
k-class Q, 40.28 %in
he
class 1
and
4.27%
s anda d milk). In
he
2005 mic obiological
haw
milk inc eased because only 33.12 %
e1 class
and
amoun
o
nons anda d
milk
o 3.68%(Masa ,2005).
The
mic obiologi-
is based mainly on o al
numbe
o bac-
esul s o ci ed
au ho
indi ec ly co e-
o
ou
esul s.
o
coli o m bac e ia in
he
o ganic milk
FU.ml-1
and
in
he
con en ionalmilk269
Numbe
o coli o m bac e ia in con en-
kin
all samples was
unde
he
1000.ml-1
eo ganic milk was
he
highes
numbe
in
a y (lOOO.mP).
The
Eu opean
legisla-
no de e mine
numbe
o coli o m bac-
humbe
o coli o m bac e ia in Slo ak is
TI000.ml-
1acco ding o s anda d (STN
.iThe
numbe
o coli o mbac e iais an indi-
aecalcon amina ion.
Fand
chemical aw milk pa ame e s a e
ih
he Table II. Fa
con en
in
he
o ganic
.23%and in
he
con en ionalmilk4.11
%.
a con en in o ganicmilkwas in
he
May
in he con en ionalmilkin
he
Mayand
ually 3.7
%.
The
eason o
he
lowe a
45 %in
he
o ganic milk in
he
May was
g o pas u e season
and
young
pas u e
28
J.
Cubon,
.
Fol ys,
P.
HasCik,
M.
KaC inio i,
I.
Ub eiio i,
S.
K icma
Calcium
con en
was signi ican ly
highe
in
he
o -
ganic
milk
(144.29 mg.100g-1)
han
in
he
con en-
ionalmilk
(130.66mg.Ioog-') ( able III).Kolos a
and
Golecky(2005)
de e mined
lowe calciumcon en
in
he
milk
o
pas u ed
cows (125.48mg.l00g-
I).
Hea esis ance was signi ican lylowe in
he
con-
en ional milk (1.38ml) in compa ison wi h
he
o -
ganic milk (1.86
ml)
( able III). The lowe
hea
e-
sis ancewas in
he
No embe
o
bo h
ypes o
milk
(o ganic0.8ml
and
con en
milk
0.5ml).The changes
o
hea
esis ance a e a ec ed by calcium, magne-
sium
and
anions
phospho ous
acid balance(Kolos a
e al.,2003).
II:
Chemical
composi ion
o
o ganic
and
con en ion
milk.
Chemicke
zloienie
ekologickeho
a
kon encneho
mlieka.
IPa ame e s nXs
Sx
% - es
2Fa "O ganlc
milk
10 4.23 0.41 0.13 9.66
(g.100g-1)-
BCon en ion milk 10 4.11 0.28 0.09 6.79
3P o ein "O ganic milk 10 3.41 0.17 0.05 4.93
(g.100g-
1)-
BCon en ion milk 10 3.39 0.17 0.05 5.04
4Lac ose "O ganic
milk
10 4.72 0.11 0.03 2.28
(g.100g-1)-
BCon en ion milk 10 4.81 0.08 0.02 1.60
5S
olids "O ganic milk 10 13.08 0.44 0.14 3.40
(g.100g-1)-
BCon en ion milk 10 13.03 0.42 0.13 3.26
6Non a solids 70 ganic milk 10 8.85 0.17 0.06 7.96
(g.100g-1)-
BCon en ion milk 10 8.92 0.18 0.06 2.05
IUkazo a el,2Tuk,3Bielko iny, 4Lak 6za, 5Susina, 6Bez uko a susina, 7Ekologicke mlieko, BKon encne
mlieko
III:
Hea
s abili y
and
Calcium
con en
in he
o ganic
and
con en ion
milk.
Te mos abili a
a
obsah
ipnika
ekologickom
a
kon encnom
mlieku.
-Pa ame e s 2Hea s abili y(ml) 'Calcium(mg.l00g-1)
"O ganic
milk
5Con en ion
milk
40 ganic milk "Con en ion
milk
n 10 10 10 10
x1.86 1.38 144.29 130.66
s0.62 0.46 7.79 5.74
sx0.20 0.15 2.46 1.81
% 33.33 33.33 5.40 4.39
- es -++
IUkazo a d,2Te mos abili a, 'Vapnik, 4Ekologicke mlieko, 5Kon encnemlieko
SUMMARY
The a e age o al bac e ia
coun
was 88.10' CFU.ml-1in
he
o ganic milk
and
51.103CFU.ml-1
in
con en ional milk. In acco dance o Council egula ions EU 2092/1991
in
o ganic ag icul u e
and
he
p ocessing o nondeg adable de e gen s can
no
be
used
because o en i onmen al p o ec ion.
To al bac e ia
coun
in
o ganic
milk
in e e ysample is in acco dance
wi h
Commission egula ions
1662/2006EU
and
284/2004.
The
milk
o
human
consump ion
can
be
p ocessed
when
con ainsmos -
ly 100.103CFU.ml-1o o albac e ia coun . Lowe soma ic cells
in
o ganic milk (219.103.ml-l)shows
ha condi ionso o ganic a ming a e sui able o
heal h
o
mamma y
gland
Highe calcium
con en
144.29 mg.l00g-1
and
be e
hea
esis an (1.86
ml)
co esponded
wi h
highe
echnological quali y
o o ganic milk. In
he
o ganic
milk
was
highe a
con en
(4.23g 100g-I),p o ein (3.41g.100g-1)
and
lowe lac ose
con en
(4.72g.100g-1).
The
o ganic
milk
had
Signi ican ly
highe
con en o calcium
(144.29mg.l00g-1)
and
highe
milk
hea
s abili y(1.38ml).Technological
and
chemicalpa ame e so
o ganic
milk
a e
mo e
sui ablemainly o cheesep oduc ion.
I
seems
ha
be e
condi ions o
heal h
s a e a e
in
he
o ganic a ming
and
his
could
be
one
o
he
impo an
ac o s o
imp o emen
o cow longe i yin
he
u u e.
.mik obiologická k ali a, uk,bielko iny, e mos abili a,
ápnik
The
awmilk
quali y om
o ganic
and
con en ionalag icul u e
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
'Thea icle is esul s o sea chp ojec VEGA1/4438/07.
29
HOFERICOVÁ, M., 2003: K ali a su o ého k a ské-
ho
mlieka -
ok
2002
podla
ýsledko CL Exami-
na.
Mlieká s o,
Vol.34,p. 3.
KOLOŠTA, M., 2002: K ali a
nakupo aného
k a -
ského
mlieka na základe ýsledko Cen álneho
labo a ó ia.Mlieká s o.Vol.33,p. 21-24.
KOLOŠTA,M., GALLO,M.,
RAJČÁKOVÁ,
L.,2003:
Zmeny
bielko ino ýchdusíka ýchlá ok
počas
pa-
sienko ej sezóny.
Mlieká s o.
Vol. 34,p. 21-24.
KOLOŠTA, M., GOLECKÝ, }.,2005: Zloženie mlíe-
ka
p i
pasení
dojníc
na
sucho zdo ných
da elíno-
ýchpo as och.
Mlieká s o.
Vol.36,p. 32.
KOVÁČIK,
J.,1997:K ali a mliekaa
jeho
pe spek i -
ne yuži ie
na
p odukciu
acionálnej ýži e Iudí,
Mlieká s o.
Vol.28, p. 16-18.
KRÁČMAR,
S.,
BUŇKA,
E,HOZA,1.,
ČECHOVÁ,
L.,
VALÁŠEK,E, 2007: Changes
in
aminů
acids com-
posi ion o cows colos ums (du íng i s 72
hou
a e pa u i ion). Ac a
uni .
ag ic.
e
sil ie.
Mendel.
B un.
55,1:81-94. ISSN 1211-8516.
VASIL, M., 2000: Mas i idy dojníc ao ply nenie
k ali y
p oduko aného
mlieka -
spósoby
íeše-
nia
nep iazni ého s a u.
Slo enský
cho .
oč.
5.
č,
4.
s.50-5l.
REFERENCE
S
missionRegula ion(EC)No. 1662/2006
amend-
Regula ion (EC)No, 853/2004 o
he
Eu opean
~ liamen
and
o
he
Councillaying
down
specí-
chygiene ules o
ood
o animalo igin.
ňcil
egula ions (EEC) 2092/1991 on o ganic
oduc ion o ag icul u e
p oduc s
and
índíca-
s e e ing he e o
on
ag icul u al
p oduc s
and
ds u s.
S,
K. A., INNOCENT, G., GROVE-WHITE,
0.,
lUPS,
E,2006:Compa ing
he
Fa yAcid
Compo-
: iono O ganic
and
Con en ionalMilk.
Jou nal
o
y
Science.
Jun,Vol.89, p. 1938-1950.
S,
.
,1996: Objec i i y o P o ein
Con en
ua ion in Raw Milk o Caws.
Jou nal
o
Fa m
imal
Science.
Vol.29; p. 85-95.
ŮŠEK,
S.,
KRÁČMAR,
S., KUCHTÍK, , JE-
K, E, 2003: Changes
in
basic composi ion o
ep colos ums (du íng i s 72
hou s
a e pa -
ion).Ac a
uni .
ag ic.
e
sil ie.
Mendel.
B un.
51, 2:
59.ISSN 1211-8516.
RTON,J.E.,
BERRY,
E.A., 2005: T ea ingmas-
he cow a adi ion o an a chaism.
J.
Appl.
biol.
Vol.98, p.1250-1255.
SOUHRN
K ali asu o éhok a ského mliekazekologického a
kon enčného
polnohospodá s a
Vp ácisme po o ná alik ali umliekazekologického a
kon enčného
cho u.
Poče
soma ických
bu-
niek ekologickom
mlieku
bol
219.103•ml-la
kon enčnom
242.103•ml-I. Naj yšší
poče
soma ic-
kých
buniek
ekologickom mlieku
bol
decemb i
(336.10
3.mP)
a
kon enčnom
mlieku
no em-
b i (336.103KTJ.mP). Celko ý
poče
mik oo ganizmo
bol
ekologickom
mlieku
86.103KTJ.ml-1
a
kon enčnom
mlieku 51.10
3KTJ.ml-
l•
Poče
koli o nných bak é ií ekologickom
mlieku
bol
554
KTJ.ml-1a
kon enčnom
mlieku
269.
KTJ.mP.
Poče
koli o mných
bak é ií o
še kých zo kách
kon enčněho
mlieka
bol
pod
1000.ml-1a
ekologickommliekusme
zis ilinaj yššiu
hodno u
mesia-
ci eb uá (1000KTJ.ml-').
P iememýobsah
uku
ekologickommlieku
bo14,23 g.100g-1a
kon enč
nom
4,11g.100g-1•Najnižší
obsah
uku
ekologickommlieku sme zis ili mesiaci máj (3,4g.100g-l)
a
kon enčnom
mlieku májia augus e
zhodne
3,7g.100g-1•Vekologickommlieku
sme
zis ilip ie-
me ný
obsah
bielko ín 3,41 g.100g-1a
kon enčnom
3,39g.100g-1•Vekologickom
mlieku
bol
naj-
nižšípodiel
bielko ín augus e 3,18g.100g-
la
kon enčnom
máji 3,05 g.100g-1•Naopaknaj yšší
podiel bielko ín ekologickom
mlieku
bol
decemb i
3,75g.100g-1a
kon enčnom
iež decem-
b l
3,65g.100g-l•Te mo ezis encia
bola
biomlieku
signi ikan ne yššia (1,86ml)
po o naní
skon-
enčným
mliekom (1,38 ml).
Nížší
poče
soma ických
buniek
ekologickom
mlieku
(219.10
3.ml-
l)
naznačuje,
že p a idlá ekologického
polnohospodá s a
ana iadenie
ady
EU 2092/1991 y á ajú
hodné
podmienky
p e
zd a o nýs a
mlíečne]
žlazy,
čo
je
základnou
podmienkou
p e
ý obu
k a-
li néhomlieka.
Vbiomlieku
sme
zis ili yšší celko ý
poče
mik oo ganizmo (86.103.ml-I),a šakich
poče
ani
jednom
odbe e
nep esiahol
hodno u
s ano enú Na iadením
ady
EU 1662/2006 (max.
100.10
3.ml-
I).
Je
možné
konš a o ať,
že aj
p i
ešpek o aníp ísnejších
požiada iekna
čís íace
adezín-
íekčné
p os iedky ekologickom
polnohospodá s e
sú
y o ené
hodné
podmienky
p e
ý obu
k ali ného biomlieka.Lepšia e mos abili a(1,86ml) a yšší
obsah
ápnika
(144,29
mg.l00g-
l) bío-
mlieku
naznačujú,
že je
hodnejšie
aj
p e
ý obu
ysoko epelne sp aco aných ý obko a
ý obu
sy o .

30
J.
Cubon,
.-
Fol ys,
P.
Hasc{k,
M.
Kacanio d,
1.
Uo eiioo«,
S.K dcma:
Add ess
doc.Ing. ju a] Cubo i,
esc.,
doc. Ing.
Pe e
Hascik, PhD., Ka ed a
hodno enia
a
sp aco ania
zi oeiSnych
p o-
duk o , doc. Ing. Mi osla aKacanio a,
phD.
Ka ed amik obiol6gie, doc. Ing.
I e a
Ub ezio a,
esc.,
Ka ed a
manazmen u,
Ing. KIa a Va ls no a,
esc.,
Ka ed a
specialne] zoo echniky,
Slo enska
polnohospoda ska
uni e zi a,
T . A.
Hlinku
2, 949 76 Ni a,
Slo enska
epublika.
e-mail: ju aj.cubonesuniag.sk, Ing.
Vladimi
Fol ys, PhD., Vyskumny
us a
zi oeiSnej
y oby,
Slo enske
cen um
polnohospoda skeho
ysku nu,
Hlo-
ho ska
2, 949 92 Ni a, Slo enska
epublika,
p o .
Ing. S anisla K acma , D Sc., Us a
po a ina skeho
in-
zeny s i,
Uni e zi a
TomaseBa i e Zline,
nam.
T.G.Masa yka275, 762 72 Zlin,
Ceska
epublika