The raw milk quality from organic and conventional agriculture

Abs ac 'A UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS SBORNIK MENDELOVY ZEMEDELSKE A LESNICKE UNIVERZITY V BRNE THE RAW MILK QUALITY FROMORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL AGRICULTURE Numbe 5,2008 2003). The milk a is p oduced mainly om ace ic acid. Ace ic acid is p oduced in he umen. The op i- mal p oduc ion o ace icacidoccu s by 18-20 % ib e con en in eeding a ion (2/3 in he s uc u al o m). I means a leas 3 kg o ib e in he o age (Somme and Gallo; 2000). Ellis e al. (2006)analyzed a y acid composi ion o o ganic and con en ional milk. O - ganic milk had a highe p opo ion o polyunsa u- a ed o monounsa u a ed a y acids han con en- ional milk and con ained aconsis en lylowe n-6 : n-3 a y acids a io compa ed wi h con en ional milk. The milkp o eins a e o med in he mamma y gland epi helium and consis o casein and whey p o eins (Somme , Gallo, 2000). The o age p o eins quan i a i ely and quali a i ely in luence he con- en o milk p o eins mainly a he beginning o lac- a ion. The impo an ac o s a e mic obial p o eins syn hesis in he umen, con en o he nondeg ada- ble p o eins in umen and ene gy o eeding a ions (Valen , 1995). The con en o essen ial amino acids in he milk is 2048.8 mg.lOO ml-' and nonessen ial 3 25 emands o consume s o an o ganic p od- inc eased and c ea e new ma ke o ag i- p oduc s mainly in Wes e n Eu ope and anic a ming is de ined as o m o ag icul- he aim o c ea e in eg a ed, human, en- ally sus ainable ag icul u al p oduc ion he main ad an ages o o ganic a ming a ke p ice o such p oduc s a e highe , which hey a e p oduced in ol es less in- se.o land and be e p o ec ion o en i on- (jduc ion o g ass as odde in No h Slo a- a he mos impo an use o o ganic land impo an milk p oduc ion. . kquali y is in luenced by many ac o s. ibili y, me aboli e blood concen a ion ssin he mamma y gland a e a ec ed by o easy deg adable ca bohyd a es, i- o elns in eeding a ions (Kolos a e al., a con en a ied be ween 2.33 and 5.25% and Zeman,2004). Bu in he ewe's milk is 3-7.24%(Sus o ae al.,2005,Gaj duseke al., J. Cubon, . Fol ys, P. Hascik, M. Kacanio a, I. Ub ezio a, S.K ac na Recei ed: June 10, 2008 {)N, J., FOLTYS, . HASCIK, P.,UBREZ oV A, 1.,KRACMAR, S.:The aw milk quali y om o ganic On en ional ag icul u e. Ac auni . ag ic. e sil ic. Mendel. B un., 2008, LVI, No.5, pp. 25-30 eexpe imen he pa ame e s o milk quali y om o ganic and con en ional dai y a mwe eana- The numbe o soma ic cells was 219. 10 3.ml- 1in he o ganic milk and 242. 10 3.ml- 1 in he con- nal milk. I seems ha condi ions o o ganic a ming could be able o ha e aposi i e e ec I h o mamma y gland. We ound he highes numbe o soma ic cells a he end o he yea 3.ml-1in o ganic milk in Decembe , espec i ely336.103.ml-' in con en ional milk in No em- he o al bac e ia coun was highe in o ganic milk (86.103CFU.ml-1) han con en ional (51.103 -I) likewise he numbe o coli o m bac e ia. Numbe o coli o m bac e ia was by con en- milk unde 1000 CFU.ml-1 o all samples. The highes numbe o coli o m bac e iain o gan- kwas achie edin Feb ua y (l000 CFU.ml-I). We ound highe con en o a (4.23g.100g-1) and (3.41g.100g-1) by o ganic milk in compa ison wi h he con en ional milk (4.11g.100g-1, esp. .100g-1). The highe con en o p o ein and a in o ganicmilk and he highe p o ein con en in n ianal milkwe e de e mined in Decembe . The hea esis ancewas de e mined by 96 %e ha- qui ed o coagula iono 2 ml o milk. The con en ional milk has signi ican lylowe hea esis - 1.38ml) han he o ganic one (1.86 ml), Be e hea s abili y by o ganic milk and highe con en (144.29mg.100g-1) co espond wi h highe echnological quali yo o ganicmilk. biological quali y, a , p o ein, hea s abili y, calcium J. Cubon, . Fol ys, P. HasUk, M. Kacdnio d, 1. Ub ezio d, S. K dcma 26 2173.7 mg.l00 ml-I(K acma e al., 2007). Mine al con en o milk is abou 0.7 %. The mos impo an mine al elemen is calcium. The calcium con en in milk is abou 0.12 %. In he case o mas i is milk calcium dec eased o 0.04 % (Vasil, 2000). Calcium in milk occu s in he wo o ms, as micelles and in soluble o m. Casein micelles con en nonsoluble calcium phospha es and holds micelle s uc u e. The calcium con en is impo an o milk p ocess- ing (Iam icho a, 2001). The abso p ion o calcium is mainly in he wo o ms calcium compound. Cal- cium chlo ine is dissocia ed o ions and amoun o dissocia ed calcium is di ec ed by i amin D, pa a- ho mon and calci onin. Calcium phospho is e y impo an o abso p ion oo. Calcium con en is abou 0.12% and phospho 0.10% (Ko acik,1997). The o ganic a ming used p ima y on a m de- i ed enewable esou ces. The o ganic a ming is co e ed by Council Regula ions 2092/91. This e- gula ion se s ou s ic equi emen s o ag icul u al p oduc s and oods p oduced in he EU o impo ed om hi d coun ies. Good heal h and wel a e a e impo an in he cow ea ing. Fo he good heal h is impo an he ou doo ea ing, cows ha e o be mi- nimally150 days pe yea on he pas u e. Fo indoo ea ing is impo an loose housing sys em, mini- mally 6m2 p e cow. Minimally 60%o d y ma e o eeding a ion has o be o age. Gene ically modi- ied o ganisms, hei p oduc s and syn he ic amino acids a e o bidden. The cleaning and disin ec ion can minimallye ec on en i onmen and dai yp o- duc ion. The s eam, ho wa e (85D C) o O.5% solu ion o ni ous acid o 0.5% solu ion o lye a e p e e ed. Raye al. (2006) analyzed he an imic obial sensi- i i y o Salmonella om o ganic and con en ional dai y a ms. The p obabili yo appea ance o Salmo- nella isola es wi h g ea e esis ance o s ep omycin (30.4%) and sul ame hoxazole (29.0%) was highe on con en ional a ms han o ganic a ms. The an ibio ic esis ance s a us needs o be mo- ni o ed in he o ganic a ms as well as con en- ional a ms and p oduc ion a ms need o be e a- lua ed. Al hough an ibio ic esis ance pa e ns may e lec he an ibio ics used o mas i is p e en ion and ea men (Rajala-Schul z e al., 2004), con inc- ing e idenceis lucking ha he use o an ibio ics o he ea men o p e en ion o mas i is has esul ed in de elopmen o esis ance o an ibio ics (Hille - on and Be y, 2005).Roesch e al. (2006)s udiedan- ibio ic esis ance o udde pa hogens in dai y cows om o ganic and con en ional a ms. Ob ious di - e ences in he pe cen age o an ibio ic esis ance a e mainly species- ela ed and di e in S ep ococcus ube is, which exhibi ed signi ican ly mo e single e- sis ance (compa edwi h no esis an ) when isola ed om cows kep on o ganic a ms (6/10 isola es) han on con en ional a ms (0/5isola es). The aim o his s udywas o de e mine he e ec o o ganiccondi ionson milkquali y. In o ganicp o- duc ion a e no used nondeg adable de e gen s and in his iew we eanalyzedmic obiological quali yo milk. MATERIAL AND METHODS In he expe imen he o ganic milk quali y pa- ame e s we e analyzed. The milk samples om he ollowing a ms we e analyzed: •O ganic a m - Slo ak Pinzgau ca le (app oxi- ma ely100 cows), •Con en ional a m - Slo ak Pinzgau ca le (ap- p oxima ely100 cows). Bo h anns a e si ua ed in he sou h pa o Slo akia. The o ganic a m is in he sys em o o ganic ag- icul u e and is unde he o ganic con ol. O ganic a mingin Slo akia is adminis e edby Council egu- la ions 2092/1991 ED. Bulk ank milk samples we e ob ained a e cool- ing o he empe a u e o 4 DC - 8 DC in acco dance wi h STN EN ISO 707. The bulk milk samples om mo ning and e ening milk we e sampled by me- hodic equi emen s o awcowmilk. The milksam- pleswe e analyzed om May o Feb ua y, wo imes pe mon h and he esul s in gi en mon h we e a e- aged. The milk samples we e ob ained by ained ope a o om he Slo akAg icul u alUni e si y. The samples we e analyzed in he labo a o y o he Slo ak Ag icul u al Cen e in Ni a and in he labo a o yo Depa men AnimalP oduc s E a- lua ion and P ocessing o Slo ak Ag icul u al Uni- e si yin Ni a. In he awmilkwe e analyzed: • Soma ic cell coun (SCC) by disc cy ome e Fosso- ma ic90, • To albac e ia coun by cul u e me hod on he cul- u emedium GTKAa 30 DC (STNEN ISO 4833), •Con en o a , p o ein and lac ose in milk by MilkoScan (g.100g-1), • hea s abili ywas de e mined by 96%e hanol (ml) equi ed o coagula iono 2 ml o milk, •Calcium con en by colo ime ic me hod STN 57 0530. Resul s o obse a ions we e e alua ed by - es , s a is ical p og amS a g aphics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION SCC was lowe (219.103•ml-')in he o ganic milk han he con en ional milk (242.103•ml-') bu his di e ence was no s a is ically signi ican ( able I). Kolos a (2002) p esen ed highe con en o so- ma ic cells in he milk p oduced in he Slo akia 312.103, ml-', The lowes con en o soma ic cells in he o ganic milk was in he May 96.03•ml-Iand in he con en ionalmilkwas in No embe 79.10 3.ml- l• We ound he highes numbe o soma ic cells a he end o he yea (336.10 3.ml- lin o ganic milk in Decembe , espec i ely 336.10 3.ml- 1in con en- ional milk in No embe ). These esul s we e in he ag eemen wi h limi s (400.103,ml-l)de e mined by he Council egula ions 1662/2006. Kolos a and Golecky (2005) ound only 139.10 3.ml- 1soma ic cells in he milk o cows pas u ed plus g ain eed 27 4Coli o m o ganisms wi h lowe ib e con en . The con en o ib e is he main ac o a ec ingcon en o a in milk(Som- me , 1997). The op imal ibe con en in he eed a- ion is 18-22%. The highes a iabili y o a con en was in o ganic milk (VOla =9.66). I could be caused by less balanced eed a ion in he yea . Olesen e al. (1999) ound simila esul s. They de e mined a con en om 3.62 o 4.22 %. P o ein con en in he o ganicmilkwas 3041 % and in con en ionalmilk 3.39%. In he o ganic milkwas he lo e p o ein con en in he Augus (3.18 %) and in he con en ionalin he May (3.05 %) analogous o Fol ys(1996).Olesene al. (1999) ound highe p o ein con en (3.15- 3.25 %) in he o ganicmilk. The high- es p o ein con en wasin Decembe o o ganic milk (3.75 %) and con en ionalmilk oo (3.65 %). The main e ec on p o einmilkcon en has eed ene gy(Som- me , 1999). Fa con en was highe o o ganic milk in he win e (Decembe 4.86 g.lOOg-I, Janua y 4.5g.100g-1and Feb ua y4.33g.100g-I). I seems ha he high a con en is in ela ion o high ib e con- en in he eed a ios (up o 22 %) and i could de- c eased milk p oduc ion. In he con en ional milk was high a con en in he No embe (4.62g.100g-l). P o eincon en in he o ganicmilkwas 3 Al g.lOOg-1 and in he con en ional3.39g.100g-l.The lowe p o- ein con en in he con en ionalmilkwas in he May (3.05g.100g-l)likewiseFol ys(1996). Con en o lac ose was in he o ganic milk 4.72 g.100g-1 and in he con en ional 4.81 g.lOOg-l. The lowe lac ose con en in he o ganicmilkwas in Oc obe and No embe equally4.61 g.100g-1 and in he con en ionalmilkin Janua y (4.7g.lOOg-l). Fol ys (1996) ound ou he lowe lac osecon en in he June (4.6g.lOOg-l). Con en o non a solids was in he o - ganic milk8.85g.100g-1 and in he con en ionalmilk 8.92 g.100g-1• The lowe con en o non a solids in o ganic milk was in he Oc obe (8.63 g.100g-1) and he highe in he Decembe (9.12 g.100g-1) . In he con en ional milk was he lowes con en o non a solidsin he May (8.66g.100g- 1). 2S oma ic cells 3To albac e ia coun (lOOO.ml- l)(lOOO.mP) The aw milkquali y om o ganic and con en ionalag icul u e 6Con en ion 50 ganicmilk 6Con en ion 50 ganicmilk 6Con en ion milk milk milk 10 10 10 10 10 10 219 242 86 51 554 269 74.86 85.79 9.11 28.4 279.57 191.69 23.67 27.13 2.88 8.98 88041 60.62 34.22 35.53 10.61 56.02 50.46 71.37 ++ + Soma icke bunky; 3Celko y poce mik oo ganizmo ;4Koli o mne mik oo ganizmy,5Ekolo- "Kon encne mlieko soma ic cells and o al bac e ia coun in he o ganic and con en ion milk. Poce soma ickych buniek, celko y poce mo a poce koli o mnych mik oo ganizmo ekologickom a kon encnom mlieku. mo e highe con en o soma ic cells in he milko cows only pas u ed wi h- The condi ions o o ganic a ming Ie o each accep able con en o soma ic se in o ganic a ming is impo an good dwel a e o animals. ac e ia coun was 86.103CFU.ml-1in o - kand 51.103 C 'U mll in con en ionalmilk To albac e ia coun was unde he limi 100 .ml-Iin all samples (Council egula ions ).To al numbe o bac e iain Slo ak condi- ge om 117.103CFU.ml-1(Kolos a,2002) o 1-1 (Ho e ico a,2003). In he 2004 had milk kia be e mic obiological quali y (55045 % k-class Q, 40.28 %in he class 1 and 4.27% s anda d milk). In he 2005 mic obiological haw milk inc eased because only 33.12 % e1 class and amoun o nons anda d milk o 3.68%(Masa ,2005). The mic obiologi- is based mainly on o al numbe o bac- esul s o ci ed au ho indi ec ly co e- o ou esul s. o coli o m bac e ia in he o ganic milk FU.ml-1 and in he con en ionalmilk269 Numbe o coli o m bac e ia in con en- kin all samples was unde he 1000.ml-1 eo ganic milk was he highes numbe in a y (lOOO.mP). The Eu opean legisla- no de e mine numbe o coli o m bac- humbe o coli o m bac e ia in Slo ak is TI000.ml- 1acco ding o s anda d (STN .iThe numbe o coli o mbac e iais an indi- aecalcon amina ion. Fand chemical aw milk pa ame e s a e ih he Table II. Fa con en in he o ganic .23%and in he con en ionalmilk4.11 %. a con en in o ganicmilkwas in he May in he con en ionalmilkin he Mayand ually 3.7 %. The eason o he lowe a 45 %in he o ganic milk in he May was g o pas u e season and young pas u e 28 J. Cubon, . Fol ys, P. HasCik, M. KaC inio i, I. Ub eiio i, S. K icma Calcium con en was signi ican ly highe in he o - ganic milk (144.29 mg.100g-1) han in he con en- ionalmilk (130.66mg.Ioog-') ( able III).Kolos a and Golecky(2005) de e mined lowe calciumcon en in he milk o pas u ed cows (125.48mg.l00g- I). Hea esis ance was signi ican lylowe in he con- en ional milk (1.38ml) in compa ison wi h he o - ganic milk (1.86 ml) ( able III). The lowe hea e- sis ancewas in he No embe o bo h ypes o milk (o ganic0.8ml and con en milk 0.5ml).The changes o hea esis ance a e a ec ed by calcium, magne- sium and anions phospho ous acid balance(Kolos a e al.,2003). II: Chemical composi ion o o ganic and con en ion milk. Chemicke zloienie ekologickeho a kon encneho mlieka. IPa ame e s nXs Sx % - es 2Fa "O ganlc milk 10 4.23 0.41 0.13 9.66 (g.100g-1)- BCon en ion milk 10 4.11 0.28 0.09 6.79 3P o ein "O ganic milk 10 3.41 0.17 0.05 4.93 (g.100g- 1)- BCon en ion milk 10 3.39 0.17 0.05 5.04 4Lac ose "O ganic milk 10 4.72 0.11 0.03 2.28 (g.100g-1)- BCon en ion milk 10 4.81 0.08 0.02 1.60 5S olids "O ganic milk 10 13.08 0.44 0.14 3.40 (g.100g-1)- BCon en ion milk 10 13.03 0.42 0.13 3.26 6Non a solids 70 ganic milk 10 8.85 0.17 0.06 7.96 (g.100g-1)- BCon en ion milk 10 8.92 0.18 0.06 2.05 IUkazo a el,2Tuk,3Bielko iny, 4Lak 6za, 5Susina, 6Bez uko a susina, 7Ekologicke mlieko, BKon encne mlieko III: Hea s abili y and Calcium con en in he o ganic and con en ion milk. Te mos abili a a obsah ipnika ekologickom a kon encnom mlieku. -Pa ame e s 2Hea s abili y(ml) 'Calcium(mg.l00g-1) "O ganic milk 5Con en ion milk 40 ganic milk "Con en ion milk n 10 10 10 10 x1.86 1.38 144.29 130.66 s0.62 0.46 7.79 5.74 sx0.20 0.15 2.46 1.81 % 33.33 33.33 5.40 4.39 - es -++ IUkazo a d,2Te mos abili a, 'Vapnik, 4Ekologicke mlieko, 5Kon encnemlieko SUMMARY The a e age o al bac e ia coun was 88.10' CFU.ml-1in he o ganic milk and 51.103CFU.ml-1 in con en ional milk. In acco dance o Council egula ions EU 2092/1991 in o ganic ag icul u e and he p ocessing o nondeg adable de e gen s can no be used because o en i onmen al p o ec ion. To al bac e ia coun in o ganic milk in e e ysample is in acco dance wi h Commission egula ions 1662/2006EU and 284/2004. The milk o human consump ion can be p ocessed when con ainsmos - ly 100.103CFU.ml-1o o albac e ia coun . Lowe soma ic cells in o ganic milk (219.103.ml-l)shows ha condi ionso o ganic a ming a e sui able o heal h o mamma y gland Highe calcium con en 144.29 mg.l00g-1 and be e hea esis an (1.86 ml) co esponded wi h highe echnological quali y o o ganic milk. In he o ganic milk was highe a con en (4.23g 100g-I),p o ein (3.41g.100g-1) and lowe lac ose con en (4.72g.100g-1). The o ganic milk had Signi ican ly highe con en o calcium (144.29mg.l00g-1) and highe milk hea s abili y(1.38ml).Technological and chemicalpa ame e so o ganic milk a e mo e sui ablemainly o cheesep oduc ion. I seems ha be e condi ions o heal h s a e a e in he o ganic a ming and his could be one o he impo an ac o s o imp o emen o cow longe i yin he u u e. .mik obiologická k ali a, uk,bielko iny, e mos abili a, ápnik The awmilk quali y om o ganic and con en ionalag icul u e ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 'Thea icle is esul s o sea chp ojec VEGA1/4438/07. 29 HOFERICOVÁ, M., 2003: K ali a su o ého k a ské- ho mlieka - ok 2002 podla ýsledko CL Exami- na. Mlieká s o, Vol.34,p. 3. KOLOŠTA, M., 2002: K ali a nakupo aného k a - ského mlieka na základe ýsledko Cen álneho labo a ó ia.Mlieká s o.Vol.33,p. 21-24. KOLOŠTA,M., GALLO,M., RAJČÁKOVÁ, L.,2003: Zmeny bielko ino ýchdusíka ýchlá ok počas pa- sienko ej sezóny. Mlieká s o. Vol. 34,p. 21-24. KOLOŠTA, M., GOLECKÝ, }.,2005: Zloženie mlíe- ka p i pasení dojníc na sucho zdo ných da elíno- ýchpo as och. Mlieká s o. Vol.36,p. 32. KOVÁČIK, J.,1997:K ali a mliekaa jeho pe spek i - ne yuži ie na p odukciu acionálnej ýži e Iudí, Mlieká s o. Vol.28, p. 16-18. KRÁČMAR, S., BUŇKA, E,HOZA,1., ČECHOVÁ, L., VALÁŠEK,E, 2007: Changes in aminů acids com- posi ion o cows colos ums (du íng i s 72 hou a e pa u i ion). Ac a uni . ag ic. e sil ie. Mendel. B un. 55,1:81-94. ISSN 1211-8516. VASIL, M., 2000: Mas i idy dojníc ao ply nenie k ali y p oduko aného mlieka - spósoby íeše- nia nep iazni ého s a u. Slo enský cho . oč. 5. č, 4. s.50-5l. REFERENCE S missionRegula ion(EC)No. 1662/2006 amend- Regula ion (EC)No, 853/2004 o he Eu opean ~ liamen and o he Councillaying down specí- chygiene ules o ood o animalo igin. ňcil egula ions (EEC) 2092/1991 on o ganic oduc ion o ag icul u e p oduc s and índíca- s e e ing he e o on ag icul u al p oduc s and ds u s. S, K. A., INNOCENT, G., GROVE-WHITE, 0., lUPS, E,2006:Compa ing he Fa yAcid Compo- : iono O ganic and Con en ionalMilk. Jou nal o y Science. Jun,Vol.89, p. 1938-1950. S, . ,1996: Objec i i y o P o ein Con en ua ion in Raw Milk o Caws. Jou nal o Fa m imal Science. Vol.29; p. 85-95. ŮŠEK, S., KRÁČMAR, S., KUCHTÍK, , JE- K, E, 2003: Changes in basic composi ion o ep colos ums (du íng i s 72 hou s a e pa - ion).Ac a uni . ag ic. e sil ie. Mendel. B un. 51, 2: 59.ISSN 1211-8516. RTON,J.E., BERRY, E.A., 2005: T ea ingmas- he cow a adi ion o an a chaism. J. Appl. biol. Vol.98, p.1250-1255. SOUHRN K ali asu o éhok a ského mliekazekologického a kon enčného polnohospodá s a Vp ácisme po o ná alik ali umliekazekologického a kon enčného cho u. Poče soma ických bu- niek ekologickom mlieku bol 219.103•ml-la kon enčnom 242.103•ml-I. Naj yšší poče soma ic- kých buniek ekologickom mlieku bol decemb i (336.10 3.mP) a kon enčnom mlieku no em- b i (336.103KTJ.mP). Celko ý poče mik oo ganizmo bol ekologickom mlieku 86.103KTJ.ml-1 a kon enčnom mlieku 51.10 3KTJ.ml- l• Poče koli o nných bak é ií ekologickom mlieku bol 554 KTJ.ml-1a kon enčnom mlieku 269. KTJ.mP. Poče koli o mných bak é ií o še kých zo kách kon enčněho mlieka bol pod 1000.ml-1a ekologickommliekusme zis ilinaj yššiu hodno u mesia- ci eb uá (1000KTJ.ml-'). P iememýobsah uku ekologickommlieku bo14,23 g.100g-1a kon enč nom 4,11g.100g-1•Najnižší obsah uku ekologickommlieku sme zis ili mesiaci máj (3,4g.100g-l) a kon enčnom mlieku májia augus e zhodne 3,7g.100g-1•Vekologickommlieku sme zis ilip ie- me ný obsah bielko ín 3,41 g.100g-1a kon enčnom 3,39g.100g-1•Vekologickom mlieku bol naj- nižšípodiel bielko ín augus e 3,18g.100g- la kon enčnom máji 3,05 g.100g-1•Naopaknaj yšší podiel bielko ín ekologickom mlieku bol decemb i 3,75g.100g-1a kon enčnom iež decem- b l 3,65g.100g-l•Te mo ezis encia bola biomlieku signi ikan ne yššia (1,86ml) po o naní skon- enčným mliekom (1,38 ml). Nížší poče soma ických buniek ekologickom mlieku (219.10 3.ml- l) naznačuje, že p a idlá ekologického polnohospodá s a ana iadenie ady EU 2092/1991 y á ajú hodné podmienky p e zd a o nýs a mlíečne] žlazy, čo je základnou podmienkou p e ý obu k a- li néhomlieka. Vbiomlieku sme zis ili yšší celko ý poče mik oo ganizmo (86.103.ml-I),a šakich poče ani jednom odbe e nep esiahol hodno u s ano enú Na iadením ady EU 1662/2006 (max. 100.10 3.ml- I). Je možné konš a o ať, že aj p i ešpek o aníp ísnejších požiada iekna čís íace adezín- íekčné p os iedky ekologickom polnohospodá s e sú y o ené hodné podmienky p e ý obu k ali ného biomlieka.Lepšia e mos abili a(1,86ml) a yšší obsah ápnika (144,29 mg.l00g- l) bío- mlieku naznačujú, že je hodnejšie aj p e ý obu ysoko epelne sp aco aných ý obko a ý obu sy o . 30 J. Cubon, .- Fol ys, P. Hasc{k, M. Kacanio d, 1. Uo eiioo«, S.K dcma: Add ess doc.Ing. ju a] Cubo i, esc., doc. Ing. Pe e Hascik, PhD., Ka ed a hodno enia a sp aco ania zi oeiSnych p o- duk o , doc. Ing. Mi osla aKacanio a, phD. Ka ed amik obiol6gie, doc. Ing. I e a Ub ezio a, esc., Ka ed a manazmen u, Ing. KIa a Va ls no a, esc., Ka ed a specialne] zoo echniky, Slo enska polnohospoda ska uni e zi a, T . A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Ni a, Slo enska epublika. e-mail: ju aj.cubonesuniag.sk, Ing. Vladimi Fol ys, PhD., Vyskumny us a zi oeiSnej y oby, Slo enske cen um polnohospoda skeho ysku nu, Hlo- ho ska 2, 949 92 Ni a, Slo enska epublika, p o . Ing. S anisla K acma , D Sc., Us a po a ina skeho in- zeny s i, Uni e zi a TomaseBa i e Zline, nam. T.G.Masa yka275, 762 72 Zlin, Ceska epublika