[email p o ec ed].cz
Recei ed: 08.04.2022
Accep ed: 27.04.2022
Scien i ic Re iew Enginee ing and En i onmen al Sciences (2022), 31 (2), 113–123
Sci. Re . Eng. En . Sci. (2022), 31 (2) h ps://s ees.sggw.edu.pl
ISSN 1732-9353 (suspended) eISSN 2543-7496 DOI 10.22630/s ees.2958
Key wo ds: wa e and sewe age, cha ge a es,
wa e supply and sewe age, g oss domes ic
p oduc , ne household income
In oduc ion
Wa e supply and sewe age sys em
ope a ion is a public se ice ha is supplied
o he ci izens o he s a e bo h in he Czech
Republic and many o he coun ies. As his
is a public se ice, i s p ice le el should be
accep able o all ci izens, in o he wo ds,
he ci izens should be able o pay o his
public se ice. This a icle is ocused on
compa ing he de elopmen o he p ice
le el o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es
in he egions o he Czech Republic o he
de elopmen o mac oeconomic indica o s
exp essing he pe o mance o he indi idual
egion. The abo e aised o he esea ch
hypo hesis o whe he egions wi h lowe
pe o mance also ha e a lowe p ice le el
o wa e and sewe age cha ge a es om he
poin o iew o he pu chasing powe o he
inhabi an s o his egion. Tsu ocused in
his a icle on op imal wa e p icing, whe e
he s a es ha “A p icing-based mechanism
ha implemen s he op imal wa e policy
while accoun ing o en i onmen al
ex e nali ies is de eloped” (2020, p. 1). Wai
and Pe ie (2017) conduc ed esea ch in o
he compa ison o wa e p ices o public
and p i a e wa e companies in he Uni ed
S a es. The ela ion be ween wa e u ili y
owne ship s uc u e and wa e p ice was
E a VÍTKOVÁ h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-2028-953X
Lucie VAŇKOVÁ h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0001-9440-8936
Ane a OBLOUKOVÁ h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-0630-3374
B no Uni e si y o Technology, Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, Czech Republic
CompaRiSon o hE pRiCE lE El
o hE wa ER and SEwERagE ChaRgE Ra ES
and maCRoEConomiC indiCa oRS
in hE CzECh REpubliC
114
Ví ko á, E., Vaňko á, L., Oblouko á, A. (2022). Compa ison o he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he Czech Republic. Sci. Re .
Eng. En . Sci., 31 (2), 113–123. DOI 10.22630/s ees.2958
esea ched in his s udy, along wi h o he
ac o s such as wa e sou ce, popula ion size,
popula ion densi y, popula ion g ow h ends,
se ice a ea size, and d ough condi ion. In
hei a icle, Ashoo i, Dzombak and Small
(2017) deal wi h he iden i ica ion o wa e
p ice and popula ion c i e ia o mee u u e
u ban wa e demand a ge s. The esea ch
concluded ha wa e demand in Los Angeles
should inc ease by 36% be ween 2014
and 2050 and ha u u e household wa e
demand will be la gely d i en by he p ice
and popula ion a he han clima e change
and en i onmen p o ec ion. The same
app oach applies o he p ice le el o wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es which ep esen
he supply o public se ice in he sense o he
wa e supply and sewe age sys em ope a ion.
Bo han, Ridzuan, Sub amaniam, Amin
and Saad (2021) add essed he ela ionship
be ween pollu ed wa e and economic
g ow h by using he en i onmen al Kuzne s
cu e analysis o he si ua ion in Malaysia.
In hei s udy, hey p oposed how o ocus
on suppo ing in es men in he app op ia e
echnologies, especially sewe age sys ems
and o he s.
The Czech Republic is no a e y la ge
coun y, i has abou 10.5 million inhabi an s.
The s a e is di ided in o 14 egions and
hei pe o mance a ies. This pe o mance
is mainly ela ed o he mac oeconomic
indica o s, i.e. g oss domes ic p oduc (GDP),
unemploymen a e and o he s. A numbe
o au ho s ha e examined he di e ences
in a ious mac oeconomic aspec s in he
indi idual egions o he Czech Republic.
Fo example, he ela ionship be ween
ou ism en i ies and economic pe o mance
exp essed in e ms o GDP was add essed by
he esea ch o Tucko a and S e ak (2016).
The websi e www.czso.cz o he Czech
S a is ical O ice (Český s a is ický úřad)
publishes he alues o mac oeconomic
indica o s o he Czech Republic, which a e
used o compa ison wi h o he coun ies,
as well as mac oeconomic indica o s o
indi idual egions, which can be used o
egional compa ison wi hin he coun y.
In hei pape , Behun, Ga u o a, Tkaco a
and Ko asko a (2018) wo ked wi h ime
se ies o selec ed mac oeconomic indica o s
and moni o ed he dependence be ween
he manu ac u ing indus y and GDP,
which ep esen s he economic cycle in he
Eu opean Union.
Zhuko a and Sobolie a-Te eshchenko
(2021) deal wi h he me hod o analysing
he dynamics o mac oeconomic indica o s
in selec ed Eu opean coun ies in hei
a icle. The ool o p edic ing he indica o s
o he GDP ype in 44 coun ies and h ee
coun y agg ega es is desc ibed sepa a ely
in he a icle by Ga ni z, Lehmann and
Wohl abe (2019). The websi e www.eag i.cz
o he Minis y o Ag icul u e o he Czech
Republic (Minis e s o zeměděls í) lis s
he p ice le el o wa e and sewe age cha ge
a es na ionwide and also o indi idual
egions. Since he 1990s, he wa e supply
and sewe age ope a o s ans o med om
s a e-owned en e p ises in o mos ly join -
s ock companies, i.e. capi al companies
ha aim o sa is y hei sha eholde s on
di idends paid, so i is no always he case
ha he egion wi h high pe o mance has
he highes wa e and sewe age cha ge a es.
The e o e, he eam o esea che s ocused
bo h on he pe o mance o he egions and
he wa e managemen companies, which
a e wa e supply and sewe age sys em
ope a o s. Liu, Wu, Xu and Pan (2018)
moni o ed he link be ween was ewa e
discha ge, i e wa e quali y in he Pea l
i e del a and GDP pe capi a be ween 1999
and 2015. They used he loga i hmic mean
115
Ví ko á, E., Vaňko á, L., Oblouko á, A. (2022). Compa ison o he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he Czech Republic. Sci. Re .
Eng. En . Sci., 31 (2), 113–123. DOI 10.22630/s ees.2958
di ision index decomposi ion model as well
as he en i onmen al Kuzne s cu e model
o hei esea ch. Changes in he p o i ,
p oduc i i y and p ice pe o mance in he
wa e and sewe age managemen indus y
wi hin he empi ical applica ion o England
and Wales we e add essed by Mazio is, Saal,
Thanassoulis and Molinos-Senan e (2014).
Thei s udy analyses he impac o he
egula ion on he inancial pe o mance o
wa e and sewe age companies in England
and Wales in he pe iod 1991–2008.
In ano he s udy, Molinos-Senan e,
Mazio is and Xue (2021) examined
p oduc i i y g ow h, sa ing esul ing
om he scope and ex en o he wa e and
sewe age indus y: he case s udy o Chile.
In his a icle, hey ocused on pe o mance
e alua ion and cos ac o analysis o wa e
companies, whe e hey used quad a ic
cos unc ions o examine he exis ence o
sa ings in he Chilean wa e and sewe age
indus y in he pe iod 2010–2017. In hei
a icle, F one and F one (2014) deal wi h
he co ela ion be ween wa e supply and
sewe age in as uc u e and he economic
de elopmen indica o GDP pe capi a a
he egional coun y le el. The a icle by
Somlyódy and Pa zige (2012) ou lines he
de elopmen o he echnical in as uc u e
(wa e supply, sewe age and was ewa e
ea men ) since 1990 in six coun ies,
including he Czech Republic as well as
in luencing ac o s such as GDP, wa e
cha ge a es, e c. The ela ionship be ween
he indus ial was ewa e discha ge and
g oss domes ic p oduc (GDP) pe capi a
and u ban domes ic sewe age and GDP pe
capi a is esea ched in his a icle by Liu
(2019).
The p esen ed a icle ocuses on a pa o
he esea ch, namely on p esen ing a com-
pa ison o he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewage cha ge a es and mac oeconomic
indica o s, which ep esen he pe o mance
o indi idual egions o he Czech Republic.
Ma e ial and me hods
The Czech Republic consis s o 14 e-
gions: he Capi al Ci y o P ague, Sou h
Bohemian Region, Sou h Mo a ian Region,
Ka lo y Va y Region, Vysočina Region,
H adec K álo é Region, Libe ec Region,
Mo a ian-Silesian Region, Olomouc Region,
Pa dubice Region, Plzeň Region, Cen al
Bohemia Region, Ús í nad Labem Region
and Zlín Region (Fig. 1).
FIGURE 1. Regions o he Czech Republic
(Kos in & Halouno á, 2019)
The de elopmen , cons uc ion and
ope a ion o wa e supply and sewe age
sys ems, which se e public needs, is
add essed by he Wa e Supply and Sewe age
Ac o 2001 (274/2001 Coll.). Sec ion 2 s a es
ha wa e supply and sewe age sys ems o
public use a e se up and ope a ed in he
public in e es . Fo his eason, he ollowing
esea ch hypo hesis whe he he e is ela ion
be ween egions and he p ice le el o wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es a ose, i.e. ha
116
Ví ko á, E., Vaňko á, L., Oblouko á, A. (2022). Compa ison o he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he Czech Republic. Sci. Re .
Eng. En . Sci., 31 (2), 113–123. DOI 10.22630/s ees.2958
“Do he egions wi h lowe mac oeconomic
pe o mance ha e lowe p ice le el o wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es han he egions
wi h highe mac oeconomic pe o mance?”.
Table 1 shows he p ice le el o wa e and
sewe age cha ge a es in indi idual egions
o he Czech Republic o he las i e yea s
( he esea ch is based on a 14-yea pe iod,
2007–2020).
Many au ho s deal wi h he in luence o
a ious ac o s on he e iciency in wa e
managemen , espec i ely, in wa e and
sewage companies. Fo example, Molinos-
-Senan e, Sala-Ga ido and La uen e (2015)
add essed he impac s o en i onmen al
a iables on he e iciency o wa e and
sewe age companies: in a case s udy om
Chile. The same au ho s also assessed he
ela i e e iciency o wa e companies:
a c oss-bo de app oach in he English
and Welsh wa e indus ies, poin ing o
di e en se ices p o ided by wa e and
sewe age companies as he e a e companies
p o iding only wa e supply and he wa e
and sewe age companies (Molinos-Senan e,
Mazio is & Sala-Ga ido, 2015).
The case s udy, which deals wi h he
de elopmen o he le el o wa e and
sewe age cha ges and he de elopmen o
mac oeconomic indica o s ocuses on he
egions in he Czech Republic. The case
s udy examined 14 egions in he 2007–2020
pe iod. One hund ed nine y-six i ems o da a
we e compa ed o he pu poses o compa ing
he p ice le el o wa e and sewage cha ge
a es. One housand one hund ed se en y-
-six i ems o da a we e compa ed wi hin
mac oeconomic indica o s and he ollowing
ac o s we e moni o ed: popula ion, g oss
domes ic p oduc a cu en p ices, g oss
domes ic p oduc pe capi a, ne disposable
income o households, ne disposable income
pe capi a and a e age g oss mon hly wage
pe capi a.
The compa ison o he de elopmen o
he p ice le el o wa e and sewe age cha ge
a es and mac oeconomic indica o s was
c ea ed using a ma ix exp ession.
TABLE 1. De elopmen o he p ice le el o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es in CZK·m–3 in he
egions o he Czech Republic in 2016–2020 (own p ocessing based on da a om eAGRI po al)
I em 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Capi al Ci y o P ague 72.40 74.40 76.00 78.00 84.00
Cen al Bohemia Region 70.30 72.70 74.00 76.10 81.70
Sou h Bohemia Region 64.00 65.00 66.40 67.50 70.10
Plzeň egion 64.20 65.10 67.00 71.30 75.40
Ka lo y Va y Region 70.40 71.20 73.80 76.90 79.70
Ús í nad Labem Region 84.40 84.80 85.10 86.00 89.00
Libe ec Region 84.10 84.90 86.70 87.70 90.00
H adec K álo é Region 67.30 67.80 69.10 71.70 74.60
Pa dubice Region 66.60 68.00 70.30 73.20 76.00
Vysočina Region 61.70 63.90 65.40 67.30 70.30
Sou h Mo a ian Region 66.70 67.10 69.00 72.30 76.60
Olomouc Region 63.10 63.80 65.20 68.00 71.30
Zlín Region 65.20 65.60 66.60 69.20 71.70
Mo a ian-Silesian Region 63.80 65.00 65.90 69.10 72.60
No e: 1 EUR = 25.50 CZK.
117
Ví ko á, E., Vaňko á, L., Oblouko á, A. (2022). Compa ison o he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he Czech Republic. Sci. Re .
Eng. En . Sci., 31 (2), 113–123. DOI 10.22630/s ees.2958
The pa ial ma ix exp ession, sepa a ely
o he p ice le el o he wa e and sewage
cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s,
is wo-dimensional, whe e 14 ows and single
column we e speci ied, A = (aij).
also assessed he ela i e e iciency o wa e companies: a c oss-bo de app oach in he
English and Welsh wa e indus ies, poin ing o di e en se ices p o ided by wa e and
sewe age companies as he e a e companies p o iding only wa e supply and he wa e and
sewe age companies (Molinos-Senan e, Mazio is  Sala-Ga ido, 2015).
The case s udy, which deals wi h he de elopmen o he le el o wa e and sewe age
cha ges and he de elopmen o mac oeconomic indica o s ocuses on he egions in he
Czech Republic. The case s udy examined 14 egions in he 2007–2020 pe iod. One hund ed
nine y-six i ems o da a we e compa ed o he pu poses o compa ing he p ice le el o wa e
and sewage cha ge a es. One housand one hund ed se en y-six i ems o da a we e compa ed
wi hin mac oeconomic indica o s and he ollowing ac o s we e moni o ed: popula ion, g oss
domes ic p oduc a cu en p ices, g oss domes ic p oduc pe capi a, ne disposable income
o households, ne disposable income pe capi a and a e age g oss mon hly wage pe capi a.
The compa ison o he de elopmen o he p ice le el o wa e and sewe age cha ge a es
and mac oeconomic indica o s was c ea ed using a ma ix exp ession.
The pa ial ma ix exp ession, sepa a ely o he p ice le el o he wa e and sewage
cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s, is wo-dimensional, whe e 14 ows and single
column we e speci ied, A = (aij).
11
21
1
,
m
a
a
a
A
(1)
whe e:
m = 14.
Fou een wo-dimensional ma ices we e c ea ed o he p ice le el o wa e and sewage
cha ge a es, i.e. ma ices A–N, om which he AA ma ix was subsequen ly c ea ed.
11 12 1
12 22 2
1 2
,AA
n
n
m m mn
a a a
a a a
a a a

(2)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 14.
Se en y wo-dimensional ma ices we e c ea ed o he mac oeconomic indica o s, i.e. he
A'–SSS' ma ix, om which he BB ma ix was c ea ed.
11 12 1
12 22 2
1 2
,BB
n
n
m m mn
b b b
b b b
b b b

(3)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 14.
The inal AAA ma ix o he p ice le el o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es is based
on he sum o he ma ices A–N.
AAA = A + B + C + D + … + N, (4)
AAAij = Aij + Bij + Cij + Dij + … + Nij. (5)
(1)
whe e:
m = 14.
Fou een wo-dimensional ma ices we e
c ea ed o he p ice le el o wa e and sewage
cha ge a es, i.e. ma ices A–N, om which
he AA ma ix was subsequen ly c ea ed.
also assessed he ela i e e iciency o wa e companies: a c oss-bo de app oach in he
English and Welsh wa e indus ies, poin ing o di e en se ices p o ided by wa e and
sewe age companies as he e a e companies p o iding only wa e supply and he wa e and
sewe age companies (Molinos-Senan e, Mazio is  Sala-Ga ido, 2015).
The case s udy, which deals wi h he de elopmen o he le el o wa e and sewe age
cha ges and he de elopmen o mac oeconomic indica o s ocuses on he egions in he
Czech Republic. The case s udy examined 14 egions in he 2007–2020 pe iod. One hund ed
nine y-six i ems o da a we e compa ed o he pu poses o compa ing he p ice le el o wa e
and sewage cha ge a es. One housand one hund ed se en y-six i ems o da a we e compa ed
wi hin mac oeconomic indica o s and he ollowing ac o s we e moni o ed: popula ion, g oss
domes ic p oduc a cu en p ices, g oss domes ic p oduc pe capi a, ne disposable income
o households, ne disposable income pe capi a and a e age g oss mon hly wage pe capi a.
The compa ison o he de elopmen o he p ice le el o wa e and sewe age cha ge a es
and mac oeconomic indica o s was c ea ed using a ma ix exp ession.
The pa ial ma ix exp ession, sepa a ely o he p ice le el o he wa e and sewage
cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s, is wo-dimensional, whe e 14 ows and single
column we e speci ied, A = (aij).
11
21
1
,
m
a
a
a
A
(1)
whe e:
m = 14.
Fou een wo-dimensional ma ices we e c ea ed o he p ice le el o wa e and sewage
cha ge a es, i.e. ma ices A–N, om which he AA ma ix was subsequen ly c ea ed.
11 12 1
12 22 2
1 2
,AA
n
n
m m mn
a a a
a a a
a a a

(2)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 14.
Se en y wo-dimensional ma ices we e c ea ed o he mac oeconomic indica o s, i.e. he
A'–SSS' ma ix, om which he BB ma ix was c ea ed.
11 12 1
12 22 2
1 2
,BB
n
n
m m mn
b b b
b b b
b b b

(3)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 14.
The inal AAA ma ix o he p ice le el o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es is based
on he sum o he ma ices A–N.
AAA = A + B + C + D + … + N, (4)
AAAij = Aij + Bij + Cij + Dij + … + Nij. (5)
(2)(2)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 14.
Se en y wo-dimensional ma ices we e
c ea ed o he mac oeconomic indica o s,
i.e. he A’–SSS’ ma ix, om which he BB
ma ix was c ea ed.
also assessed he ela i e e iciency o wa e companies: a c oss-bo de app oach in he
English and Welsh wa e indus ies, poin ing o di e en se ices p o ided by wa e and
sewe age companies as he e a e companies p o iding only wa e supply and he wa e and
sewe age companies (Molinos-Senan e, Mazio is  Sala-Ga ido, 2015).
The case s udy, which deals wi h he de elopmen o he le el o wa e and sewe age
cha ges and he de elopmen o mac oeconomic indica o s ocuses on he egions in he
Czech Republic. The case s udy examined 14 egions in he 2007–2020 pe iod. One hund ed
nine y-six i ems o da a we e compa ed o he pu poses o compa ing he p ice le el o wa e
and sewage cha ge a es. One housand one hund ed se en y-six i ems o da a we e compa ed
wi hin mac oeconomic indica o s and he ollowing ac o s we e moni o ed: popula ion, g oss
domes ic p oduc a cu en p ices, g oss domes ic p oduc pe capi a, ne disposable income
o households, ne disposable income pe capi a and a e age g oss mon hly wage pe capi a.
The compa ison o he de elopmen o he p ice le el o wa e and sewe age cha ge a es
and mac oeconomic indica o s was c ea ed using a ma ix exp ession.
The pa ial ma ix exp ession, sepa a ely o he p ice le el o he wa e and sewage
cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s, is wo-dimensional, whe e 14 ows and single
column we e speci ied, A = (aij).
11
21
1
,
m
a
a
a
A
(1)
whe e:
m = 14.
Fou een wo-dimensional ma ices we e c ea ed o he p ice le el o wa e and sewage
cha ge a es, i.e. ma ices A–N, om which he AA ma ix was subsequen ly c ea ed.
11 12 1
12 22 2
1 2
,AA
n
n
m m mn
a a a
a a a
a a a

(2)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 14.
Se en y wo-dimensional ma ices we e c ea ed o he mac oeconomic indica o s, i.e. he
A'–SSS' ma ix, om which he BB ma ix was c ea ed.
11 12 1
12 22 2
1 2
,BB
n
n
m m mn
b b b
b b b
b b b

(3)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 14.
The inal AAA ma ix o he p ice le el o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es is based
on he sum o he ma ices A–N.
AAA = A + B + C + D + … + N, (4)
AAAij = Aij + Bij + Cij + Dij + … + Nij. (5)
(3)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 14.
The inal AAA ma ix o he p ice le el
o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es is
based on he sum o he ma ices A–N.
AAA = A + B + C + D + … + N, (4)
AAAij = Aij + Bij + Cij + Dij + … ++ Nij. (5)
The inal BBB ma ix o he mac o-
economic indica o s is based on he sum o
ma ices A’–SSS’.
BBB = A’ + B’ + C’ + D’ + … + SSS’, (6)
BBBij = A’ij + B’ij + C’ij + D’ij + … ++
+ SSS’ij. (7)
The ou pu ma ix, which combines he
ou pu s o he ma ix exp essions o he p ice
le el o wa e and sewe age cha ge a es (a)
and he ma ix exp essions o mac oeconomic
indica o s (b), has he ollowing o m:
The inal BBB ma ix o he mac oeconomic indica o s is based on he sum o ma ices
A'–SSS'.
BBB = A' + B' + C' + D' + … + SSS', (6)
BBBij = A'ij + B'ij + C'ij + D'ij + … + SSS'ij. (7)
The ou pu ma ix, which combines he ou pu s o he ma ix exp essions o he p ice
le el o wa e and sewe age cha ge a es (a) and he ma ix exp essions o mac oeconomic
indica o s (b), has he ollowing o m:
11 12 1
12 22 2
1 2
,AB
n
n
m m mn
a b b
a b b
a b b

(8)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 7.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As al eady men ioned in he in oduc ion o his a icle, wa e supply and sewe age
managemen in he Czech Republic is egula ed by he Wa e Supply and Sewe age Ac o
2001. This law clea ly de ines ha wa e supply and sewe age sys ems o public use a e
es ablished and ope a ed in he public in e es . This s a emen can be unde s ood as a public
se ice. The Czech Republic has abou 10.5 million inhabi an s, o whom i is necessa y o
supply wa e and discha ge sewe age. The Czech Republic is di ided in o 14 egions, which
a e di e se in e ms o bo h pe o mance and economic e iciency. The Capi al Ci y o P ague
is one o he egions wi h he highes pe o mance which always in luences all na ional
s a is ics by i s abo e-s anda d alues.
Based on he collec ion o da a on he p ice le el o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es
in indi idual egions o he Czech Republic, hei analysis in he moni o ed yea s 2007–2020
whe e he o de was de e mined o each yea (1– he lowes p ice, 14 – he highes p ice) and
he ma ix exp ession c ea ed, a wo-dimensional Table 2 was compiled.
TABLE 2. The inal o de o he moni o ed yea s 2007–2020 o he p ice le el o wa e and
sewe age cha ge a es in he egions o he Czech Republic (own p ocessing)
Desc ip ion
Poin e alua ion
Final o de
Vysočina Region
31
1
Olomouc Region
41
2
Plzeň Region
47
3
Mo a ian-Silesian Region
47
4
Sou h Bohemian Region
81
5
Sou h Mo a ian Region
96
6
Zlín Region
98
7
H adec K álo é Region
102
8
Pa dubice Region
111
9
Cen al Bohemian Region
144
10
Capi al Ci y o P ague
147
11
Ka lo y Va y Region
147
12
Libe ec Region
187
13
Ús í nad Labem Region
190
14
Based on he da a collec ion on he ollowing mac oeconomic indica o s:
- g oss domes ic p oduc (GDP),
(8)
whe e:
m = 14,
n = 7.
Resul s and discussion
As al eady men ioned in he in oduc ion
o his a icle, wa e supply and sewe age
managemen in he Czech Republic is
egula ed by he Wa e Supply and Sewe age
Ac o 2001. This law clea ly de ines ha
wa e supply and sewe age sys ems o
public use a e es ablished and ope a ed in
he public in e es . This s a emen can be
unde s ood as a public se ice. The Czech
Republic has abou 10.5 million inhabi an s,
o whom i is necessa y o supply wa e and
discha ge sewe age. The Czech Republic is
di ided in o 14 egions, which a e di e se
in e ms o bo h pe o mance and economic
e iciency. The Capi al Ci y o P ague is one
o he egions wi h he highes pe o mance
which always in luences all na ional s a is ics
by i s abo e-s anda d alues.

118
Ví ko á, E., Vaňko á, L., Oblouko á, A. (2022). Compa ison o he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he Czech Republic. Sci. Re .
Eng. En . Sci., 31 (2), 113–123. DOI 10.22630/s ees.2958
Based on he collec ion o da a on he p ice
le el o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es
in indi idual egions o he Czech Republic,
hei analysis in he moni o ed yea s 2007–
–2020 whe e he o de was de e mined o
each yea (1– he lowes p ice, 14 – he highes
p ice) and he ma ix exp ession c ea ed,
a wo-dimensional Table 2 was compiled.
TABLE 2. The inal o de o he moni o ed yea s
2007–2020 o he p ice le el o wa e and sewe -
age cha ge a es in he egions o he Czech Re-
public (own p ocessing)
Desc ip ion Poin
e alua ion
Final
o de
Vysočina Region 31 1
Olomouc Region 41 2
Plzeň Region 47 3
Mo a ian-Silesian Region 47 4
Sou h Bohemian Region 81 5
Sou h Mo a ian Region 96 6
Zlín Region 98 7
H adec K álo é Region 102 8
Pa dubice Region 111 9
Cen al Bohemian Region 144 10
Capi al Ci y o P ague 147 11
Ka lo y Va y Region 147 12
Libe ec Region 187 13
Ús í nad Labem Region 190 14
Based on he da a collec ion on he
ollowing mac oeconomic indica o s:
– g oss domes ic p oduc (GDP),
– g oss domes ic p oduc pe capi a (GDP
pe capi a),
– ne disposable income o households
(NDI),
– ne disposable income o households pe
capi a (NDI pe capi a),
– a e age g oss wage,
in indi idual egions o he Czech Republic,
hei analysis in he moni o ed yea s
2007–2020, whe e he ollowing o de was
de e mined o each yea :
– g oss domes ic p oduc : 1 – he highes
alue, 14 – he lowes alue,
– g oss domes ic p oduc pe capi a:
1 – he highes alue, 14 – he lowes
alue,
– ne disposable income o households:
1 – he highes alue, 14 – he lowes
alue,
– ne disposable income o households
pe capi a: 1 – he highes alue,
14 – he lowes alue,
– a e age g oss wage: 1 – he highes alue,
14 – he lowes alue,
a ma ix exp ession was pe o med om
he ollowing ou pu s (Table 3).
Table 4 combines ou pu da a ela ed o
he p ice le el o wa e and sewe age cha ges
and indi idual mac oeconomic indica o s
in he egions o he Czech Republic. This
ou pu able con ains da a ha answe s
he basic esea ch ques ion s a ed in he
in oduc o y pa o his a icle: whe he
egions wi h lowe pe o mance ha e a lowe
p ice le el o wa e and sewage cha ge a es
i his se ice o he popula ion is conside ed
o be a public se ice by law.
The Plzeň Region is no one o he
egions wi h he lowes pe o mance in e ms
o mac oeconomic indica o s. On he o he
hand, he Plzeň Region is one o he mos
e icien egions in e ms o g oss domes ic
p oduc pe capi a, ne disposable income
o households pe capi a and ne disposable
income o household pe o mances. An
o e iew o he o de o he le el o
wa e and sewe age cha ges and indi idual
mac oeconomic indica o s is shown in
Table 5, which shows he sum o indi idual
ma ix exp essions wi hin mac oeconomic
indica o s and shows wo dimensions:
namely he o de o he le el o he wa e
119
Ví ko á, E., Vaňko á, L., Oblouko á, A. (2022). Compa ison o he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he Czech Republic. Sci. Re .
Eng. En . Sci., 31 (2), 113–123. DOI 10.22630/s ees.2958
TABLE 3. The inal o de o he moni o ed yea s 2007–2020 wi hin indi idual mac oeconomic indica-
o s in he egions o he Czech Republic (own p ocessing)
Desc ip ion GDP GDP
pe capi a NDI NDI
pe capi a
A e age
g oss wage
Capi al Ci y o P ague 1 1 1 1 1
Cen al Bohemia Region 2 4 2 2 2
Sou h Bohemia Region 6 7 6 7 7
Plzeň Region 7 3 8 3 3
Ka lo y Va y Region 14 14 14 13 13
Ús í nad Labem Region 5 12 5 14 14
Libe ec Region 13 11 13 10 10
H adec K álo é Region 10 5 10 5 5
Pa dubice Region 12 10 12 8 8
Vysočina Region 11 9 11 6 6
Sou h Mo a ian Region 3 2 3 4 4
Olomouc Region 9 13 7 12 12
Zlín Region 8 6 9 9 9
Mo a ian-Silesian Region 4 8 4 11 11
TABLE 4. The inal o de o he moni o ed yea s 2007–2020 o he p ice le el o he wa e and sew-
age cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he egions o he Czech Republic (own p ocessing)
Desc ip ion W/S GDP GDP
pe capi a NDI NDI
pe capi a
A e age
g oss wage
Capi al Ci y o P ague 11 1 1 1 1 1
Cen al Bohemia Region 10 2 4 2 2 2
Sou h Bohemia Region 5 6 7 6 7 7
Plzeň Region 3 7 3 8 3 3
Ka lo y Va y Region 12 14 14 14 13 13
Ús í nad Labem Region 14 5 12 5 14 14
Libe ec Region 13 13 11 13 10 10
H adec K álo é Region 8 10 5 10 5 5
Pa dubice Region 9 12 10 12 8 8
Vysočina Region 1 11 9 11 6 6
Sou h Mo a ian Region 6 3 2 3 4 4
Olomouc Region 2 9 13 7 12 12
Zlín Region 7 8 6 9 9 9
Mo a ian-Silesian Region 4 4 8 4 11 11
120
Ví ko á, E., Vaňko á, L., Oblouko á, A. (2022). Compa ison o he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he Czech Republic. Sci. Re .
Eng. En . Sci., 31 (2), 113–123. DOI 10.22630/s ees.2958
and sewe age cha ges and he sum o he
o de o mac oeconomic indica o s. They a e
always so ed om he lowes o he highes
alues.
Conclusions
The esea ch ocused on he basic
esea ch ques ion “Do he egions wi h lowe
mac oeconomic pe o mance ha e a lowe
p ice le el o wa e and sewage cha ge a es
han he egions wi h highe mac oeconomic
pe o mance?”. Values om he imeline
we e aken o he esea ch, namely om he
yea s 2007–2020.
Thus, he esea che s wo ked wi h 1,176
i ems o da a on mac oeconomic indica o s
and 196 i ems o da a on he p ice le el
o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es.
Mac oeconomic indica o s ocused on
he pe o mance o he egion, which was
ep esen ed by g oss domes ic p oduc , g oss
domes ic p oduc pe capi a, ne disposable
income o households, ne disposable income
o households pe capi a and a e age g oss
wage.
The esea ch shows ha he lowes p ice
le el o wa e and sewe age cha ge a es
was in he Vysočina, Olomouc, Plzeň and
Mo a ian-Silesian Regions (Table 2). On
he con a y, he highes le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ges was in he Ka lo y
Va y, Libe ec and Ús í nad Labem Regions.
Fu he om he esea ch shows ha he
Ka lo y Va y, Libe ec and Olomouc Regions
a e among he egions wi h he lowes
pe o mance, while he Capi al Ci y o
P ague, Cen al Bohemia and Sou h Mo a ia
Regions ange among hose wi h he highes
pe o mance (Table 5). I is clea om he
abo e-s a ed ac s ha he esea ch ques ion
TABLE 5. The o de o he p ice le el o wa e and sewage cha ge a es and he sum o mac oeconomic
indica o s in he egions o he Czech Republic (own p ocessing)
O de o he p ice le el o he wa e and sewe age
cha ge a es in he egions
O de o he sum o he mac oeconomic indica o s
in he egions
Vysočina Region Ka lo y Va y Region
Olomouc Region Libe ec Region
Plzeň Region Olomouc Region
Mo a ian-Silesian Region Ús í nad Labem
Sou h Bohemian Region Pa dubice Region
Sou h Mo a ian Region Vysočina Region
Zlín Region Zlín Region
H adec K álo é Region Mo a ian-Silesian Region
Pa dubice Region H adec K álo é Region
Cen al Bohemia Region Sou h Bohemia Region
Capi al Ci y o P ague Plzeň Region
Ka lo y Va y Region Sou h Mo a ian Region
Libe ec Region Cen al Bohemian Region
Ús í nad Labem Region Capi al Ci y o P ague
121
Ví ko á, E., Vaňko á, L., Oblouko á, A. (2022). Compa ison o he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he Czech Republic. Sci. Re .
Eng. En . Sci., 31 (2), 113–123. DOI 10.22630/s ees.2958
has no been con i med as only one egion
ou o 14 mee s his condi ion, namely he
Olomouc Region. The esea ch ound ha
he di e ence in he p ice le el o he wa e
and sewe age cha ge a es wi h he lowes
le el in he Vysočina Region and he highes
le el in he Ús í nad Labem Region is on
a e age 31.94% o he obse ed yea s 2007–
–2020. Simila ly, he a e age pe cen age
di e ences in mac oeconomic indica o s
be ween he Capi al Ci y o P ague and he
Ka lo y Va y Regions we e de e mined,
namely:
- g oss domes ic p oduc di e s on a e age
by 1,291.6%,
- g oss domes ic p oduc pe capi a di e s
on a e age by 230.5%,
- ne disposable income o households
di e s on a e age by 534.4%,
- ne disposable income o households pe
capi a di e s on a e age by 50.5%,
- he a e age g oss wage di e s on a e age
by 48.8%.
I is clea om he abo e-lis ed
in o ma ion ha he equali y be ween he
p ice le el o wa e and sewe age cha ge
a es and mac oeconomic indica o s in he
egions o he Czech Republic is no appa en .
Fu he esea ch will ocus on de e mining
he co ela ions be ween he p ice le el
o he wa e and sewe age cha ge a es,
indi idual mac oeconomic indica o s and
o he echnical indica o s ela ed o he wa e
supply and sewe age sys ems ope a ion,
such as he leng h o he connec ions o he
numbe o cus ome s.
Acknowledgemen s
This pape has been wo ked ou unde
he p ojec o he junio speci ic esea ch a
he B no Uni e si y o Technology FAST-
-J-22-8030 “De elopmen o he p ice o
wa e and sewage in he Czech Republic and
indi idual egions, including mac oeconomic
indica o s”.
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