Jou nal o Physics: Con e ence Se ies
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Val e exploi ing he p inciple o a side channel
u bine
To ci e his a icle: Pa el Jandou ek e al 2017 J. Phys.: Con . Se . 813 012026
View he a icle online o upda es and enhancemen s.
Rela ed con en
Impo ance o p essu e educing al es
(PRVs) in wa e supply ne wo ks.
R. O. S. Signo e i, R. Z. Cama go, L. M.
Canno e al.
-
Analysis on hyd aulic cha ac e is ics o
Kaplan wa e u bine wi h di e en spi al
casing and s ay ane
L J Zhang, M P Xie and Y P Li
-
The simula ion analysis and ope a ion
condi ions op imiza ion o low-head wa e
bulb ubula u bine based on di e en
guide ane ou le angle
Z G Li, B Wang, B Ma e al.
-
This con en was downloaded om IP add ess 147.229.6.155 on 04/12/2018 a 09:07
Val e exploi ing he p inciple o a side channel u bine
Pa el Jandou ek1, F an išek Pochylý1 and Vladimí Haban1
1Vic o Kaplan Depa men o Fluid Enginee ing, Facul y o Mechanical Enginee ing,
B no Uni e si y o Technology, Technická 2896/2, 61669 B no, Czech Republic
Abs ac . The p esen ed a icle deals wi h a side channel u bine, which can be used as a
sui able subs i u e o a p essu e educing al e. P essu e educing al es a e a sou ce o high
hyd aulic losses. The aim is o eplace hem by a side channel u bine. Wi h ha in mind,
hyd aulic losses can be eplaced by a p oduc ion o elec ical ene gy a compa able
cha ac e is ics o he educing al e and he side channel u bine. The basis o he design is
he loss cha ac e is ics o he p essu e educing al e. The eby c ea e a new kind o u bine
al e wi h speed-con olled low in dependence o he unne e olu ion. I is echnical
inno a ion and new enewable sou ce o ene gy, which can be in u u e used in ehabili a ion
o p ojec ing o pumped-s o age powe plan s. I also inc eases he powe o he powe plan .
1. In oduc ion
A he pumped-s o age powe plan Dalešice he wa e o cooling is aken di ec ly om he pens ock,
see ‘Figu e 2’. P essu e o he wa e is educed in p essu e educ ion al e. The wa e aken o
cooling is no used o p oduce elec ical ene gy. Du ing h o ling in he al e, pa o he ene gy is
ans e ed in he o m o hea o he cooling wa e and wa ms i up. The wa e p essu e is h o led
om 8.5 o 4 ba s. Wi h his comes he po en ial o ene ge ic u iliza ion. The low is 0.145 m3s-1 and
he possibili y o egula ion o he low o 0.08 m3s-1 is equi ed. Ano he u iliza ion can be in he
wa e mains, ene ge ics, chemical p ocesses o in he place whe e he con e sion o ene gy in o hea
occu s due o h o ling.
Figu e 1. Pumped-s o age powe plan Dalešice
(Czech Republic) (h p://www.cez.cz)
Figu e 2. P essu e educing al e in a cooling
sys em [1]
1
Hype bole IOP Publishing
IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026
In e na ional Con e ence on Recen T ends in Physics 2016 (ICRTP2016) IOP Publishing
Jou nal o Physics: Con e ence Se ies 755 (2016) 011001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/011001
Con en om his wo k may be used unde he e ms o heC ea i eCommons A ibu ion 3.0 licence. Any u he dis ibu ion
o his wo k mus main ain a ibu ion o he au ho (s) and he i le o he wo k, jou nal ci a ion and DOI.
Published unde licence by IOP Publishing L d
P essu e educing al es a e a sou ce o high hyd aulic losses and hei eplacemen is possible hanks
o he compa able esis ance cha ac e is ics wi h he side channel u bine. Cha ac e is ics o he al e
low coe icien K on he ela i e opening o he al e, see ‘Figu e 4’, is analogous o he u bine
cha ac e is ic o uni low Q11 on uni speed n11, see ‘Figu e 6’. A medium p essu e d op ac oss he
al e is needed o ene gy ecupe a ion.
Figu e 3. P essu e educing al e
(h p://www.ldm al es.com)
Figu e 4. Flow cha ac e is ic o a p essu e
educing al e
2. Side channel u bines
The side channel u bine alls in o he ca ego y o eac ion u bines and is in ended o small
discha ges and medium heads. The wo king a ea is wi hin he speci ic speed ns = 2 ‚ 30 min-1. The
u bine can only p ocess a pa o he head. The main disad an age is low e iciency, which is usually
wi hin he ange o 20 o 50%. These machines ind hei use due o he ac ha eaching speci ic
speed ns < 35 min-1 wi h classical u bines (F ancis’ u bine o mul is age pump in u bine mode) a
high e iciency is qui e p oblema ic. Unde hese ci cums ances, a coun e ac ing o ex s a s o occu
in he channels be ween he blades o he impelle . This causes he dec ease o e iciency which can
e en ge below 30%. In a si ua ion like his, i migh be wo h using side channel u bines as hey ha e
highe e iciency, han he low speci ic speed u bines.
Side channel u bines a e use ul o egula ion due o hei la cu e o e iciency in he a ea o
op imum poin and linea dependency o low on e olu ions. Theo e ical ene gy e iciency
cha ac e is ics η, uni low Q11, powe P11 and o que M11 a e plo ed in dependence on uni speed n11
in ‘Figu e 6’ [2].
0
100
200
300
0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1
Val e low coe icien
K (m3h-1)
Rela i e opening o he al e z (-)
Figu e 5. Side channel machine
(h p://www.dela anagpumps.com)
Figu e 6. The cou se o he ene gy cha ac e is ics o side
channel u bines
0
16
32
48
64
80
010 20 30 40
E iciency η(1)
Uni low Q11 (m3s-1)
Uni powe P11 (W)
Uni o que M11 (Nm)
Uni speed n11 (min-1)
2
Hype bole IOP Publishing
IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026
3. Measu emen o he side channel u bine
3.1. The pump in u bine mode
I is u he examined, whe he i is possible o use he side channel pump as a u bine o ene gy
eco e y in he piping sys em. Fo his expe imen , a comme cially p oduced side channel pump was
Figu e 7. Assembly o side channel machine (h p://www.dela anagpumps.com)
pu chased om he Ame ican company
Dela an, labeled Tu bo 90, see ‘Figu e 7’. The
pump has a closed ype impelle . This means
ha he wa e en e s and leaks di ec ly in o he
channel. The impelle is symme ical and has
36 blades on each side. The opposing blades a e
o a ed by hal he angula pi ch. The side
channel is pa o he i on cas ing cabine ,
which acco ding o he manu ac u e should
endu e 7 ba o e p essu e. The size o he
connec ing pipe is 3/2 inch. The sha is sealed
wi h ce amic - ca bon mechanical seals. The
maximum speed o he wheel is 1200 min-1.
The wid h o he side gap δ is app oxima ely
0.1 mm. The dimensions o he hyd aulic pa s
a e shown in ‘Figu e 8’. The impelle is made
om nylon. I is connec ed wi h he hub
s aigh -sided splines and can mo e in he axial
di ec ion. I is sel -cen e ed du ing ope a ion.
3.2. Measu emen o he cha ac e is ics o he side channel u bine
The side channel pump is measu ed in u bine mode. A es ig o he measu emen o he ene gy
cha ac e is ics o he side channel u bine is loca ed in he labo a o y o Vic o Kaplan dep . o luid
enginee ing ‘Figu e 9 and 10’. F equency con e e s a e used o change o speed equency o he
u bine unne and eed pump impelle . Values o inle and ou le p essu e, o que, speed and low a e
a e eco ded by an indus ial compu e and ou p og am, which is w i en in Lab iew.
Figu e 8. Dimensions o he hyd aulic shape
3
Hype bole IOP Publishing
IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026
Figu e 9. Tes ig
Figu e 10. Tu bine in he es ig
3.3. Cha ac e is ics o he u bine a cons an heads wi h back-p essu e
This sec ion in es iga es he change o he cha ac e is ics o he u bine in e posed in he piping
sys em as a eplacemen o a p essu e educing al e. Tu bine wo ks only wi h a pa o he p essu e
ene gy om he sys em. The cha ac e is ics o he u bine a e measu ed a a cons an head 15 me e s
and a changing speed o he unne . The change in he absolu e alues o he back-p essu e in he
suc ion line du ing he measu emen is shown in he g aph ‘Figu e 11’ - pb = (n11). The back p essu e
is no cons an , bu a he depends on he low a e. Maximal eached alue o e iciency unde
backp essu e is 18,9% and 21,5% wi h he a mosphe ic p essu e on he suc ion. Flow is main ained.
Figu e 11. Tu bine g aphs measu ed wi h cons an heads and back-p essu e in suc ion
Cha ac e is ics o he u bine al e - du ing ope a ion o he side channel u bine in he capaci y o he
p essu e egula o is expec ed ha only pa o he p essu e ene gy in he piping sys em will be used.
Losses-making and low cha ac e is ics o he side channel u bine Dela an Tu bo 90 a e shown in
0
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
010 20 30 40 50
Uni low Q11 (m3s-1)
Uni speed n11 (min-1)
Q11 = (n11)
H = 15 m wi h back-p essu e
H = 15 m
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
010 20 30 40 50
E iciency η(1)
Uni speed n11 (min-1)
η= (n11)
H = 15 m wi h back-p essu e
H = 15 m
0
20
40
60
80
100
010 20 30 40 50
Uni powe P11 (W)
Uni speed n11 (min-1)
P11 = (n11)
H = 15 m wi h back-p essu e
H = 15 m
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
010 20 30 40
Back-p essu e pb(kPa)
Uni speed n11 (min-1)
pb= (n11)
Back-p essu e wi h head H = 15 m
4
Hype bole IOP Publishing
IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026

‘Figu e 7’. The cha ac e is ic cu e o he u bine is compa able as he cu e o he p essu e educing
al e.
Figu e 12. Loss-making cha ac e is ic o he
u bine
Figu e 13. Flow cha ac e is ic o he u bine
4. Conclusion
In many echnical solu ions, i is necessa y o dec ease he p essu e o liquids. P essu e educing
al es a e no mally used o his p essu e educ ion. Howe e , i u ilizes a conside able pa o he
p essu e ene gy, which is no used, could be ans o med jus in o elec ic ene gy. The pumping
echnique uses side channel pumps o pumping small quan i ies o liquids o la ge anspo heigh s.
These pumps a e cha ac e ized by low-speci ic speed ns = 4 ‚ 40 min-1 and a e a small econs uc ion
hey can be used in a u bine mode. I is possible o eplace p essu e educing al es wi h side channel
u bines. The eby c ea e a new kind o u bine al e wi h speed-con olled low dependen on he
e olu ion o he unne .
In o de o e i y he heo y, a comme cially p oduced side channel pump was pu chased and used
o measu e u bine cha ac e is ics and e i y he unc ion o he pa ial eco e y o ene gy. The
e iciency o eco e y is abou 19% which opens a space o op imiza ion o he hyd aulic design o
he u bine al e.
Replacemen o he p essu e educ ion al e by side channel u bine is possible. Tu bine al e
wo ks on swi l p inciple. Func ion o new u bine al e is e i ied on pu chased pump measu ed in
u bine mode. Bu is necessa y o imp o e hyd aulic design and inc ease hyd aulic e iciency.
Acco ding o he esea ch is expec ed ha cus om design can each e iciency o eco e y ene gy
abou 50%. I is in e es ing challenge o u u e R&D in es iga ion.
Re e ences
[1]
HALUZA, M.; POCHYLÝ, F.; HABÁN, V.; HUDEC, M.; KUBÁLEK, J. S udy o hyd o-
po en ial u iliza ion o cooling wa e on he hyd o-elec ic powe plan Dalešice. B no: B no
Uni e si y o Technology, Facul y o mechanical enginee ing, 2007. p. 1-16.
[2]
KLAS, R.; POCHYLÝ, F.; RUDOLF, P. Analysis o no el low speci ic speed pump designs. In
Ea h and En i onmen al Science. IOP Con e ence Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science.
Uni ed Kingdom o G ea B i ain and No he n I eland: IOP Science, 2014. p. 1-11. ISSN:
1755-1315.
Acknowledgmen s
This wo k is an ou pu o esea ch and scien i ic ac i i ies o NETME Cen e, egional R&D cen e
buil wi h he inancial suppo om he Ope a ional P og amme Resea ch and De elopmen o
Inno a ions wi hin he p ojec NETME Cen e (New Technologies o Mechanical Enginee ing), Reg.
No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0002 and, in he ollow-up sus ainabili y s age, suppo ed h ough NETME
CENTRE PLUS (LO1202) by inancial means om he Minis y o Educa ion, You h and Spo s
unde he „Na ional Sus ainabili y P og amme I“.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
010 20 30 40
Coe icien o losses ξ[-]
Uni speed n11 (min-1)
ξ= (n11)
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
010 20 30 40
Flow coe icien K [m3h-1]
Uni speed n11 (min-1)
K = (n11)
5
Hype bole IOP Publishing
IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026