Valve exploiting the principle of a side channel turbine

Jou nal o Physics: Con e ence Se ies PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Val e exploi ing he p inciple o a side channel u bine To ci e his a icle: Pa el Jandou ek e al 2017 J. Phys.: Con . Se . 813 012026 View he a icle online o upda es and enhancemen s. Rela ed con en Impo ance o p essu e educing al es (PRVs) in wa e supply ne wo ks. R. O. S. Signo e i, R. Z. Cama go, L. M. Canno e al. - Analysis on hyd aulic cha ac e is ics o Kaplan wa e u bine wi h di e en spi al casing and s ay ane L J Zhang, M P Xie and Y P Li - The simula ion analysis and ope a ion condi ions op imiza ion o low-head wa e bulb ubula u bine based on di e en guide ane ou le angle Z G Li, B Wang, B Ma e al. - This con en was downloaded om IP add ess 147.229.6.155 on 04/12/2018 a 09:07 Val e exploi ing he p inciple o a side channel u bine Pa el Jandou ek1, F an išek Pochylý1 and Vladimí Haban1 1Vic o Kaplan Depa men o Fluid Enginee ing, Facul y o Mechanical Enginee ing, B no Uni e si y o Technology, Technická 2896/2, 61669 B no, Czech Republic Abs ac . The p esen ed a icle deals wi h a side channel u bine, which can be used as a sui able subs i u e o a p essu e educing al e. P essu e educing al es a e a sou ce o high hyd aulic losses. The aim is o eplace hem by a side channel u bine. Wi h ha in mind, hyd aulic losses can be eplaced by a p oduc ion o elec ical ene gy a compa able cha ac e is ics o he educing al e and he side channel u bine. The basis o he design is he loss cha ac e is ics o he p essu e educing al e. The eby c ea e a new kind o u bine al e wi h speed-con olled low in dependence o he unne e olu ion. I is echnical inno a ion and new enewable sou ce o ene gy, which can be in u u e used in ehabili a ion o p ojec ing o pumped-s o age powe plan s. I also inc eases he powe o he powe plan . 1. In oduc ion A he pumped-s o age powe plan Dalešice he wa e o cooling is aken di ec ly om he pens ock, see ‘Figu e 2’. P essu e o he wa e is educed in p essu e educ ion al e. The wa e aken o cooling is no used o p oduce elec ical ene gy. Du ing h o ling in he al e, pa o he ene gy is ans e ed in he o m o hea o he cooling wa e and wa ms i up. The wa e p essu e is h o led om 8.5 o 4 ba s. Wi h his comes he po en ial o ene ge ic u iliza ion. The low is 0.145 m3s-1 and he possibili y o egula ion o he low o 0.08 m3s-1 is equi ed. Ano he u iliza ion can be in he wa e mains, ene ge ics, chemical p ocesses o in he place whe e he con e sion o ene gy in o hea occu s due o h o ling. Figu e 1. Pumped-s o age powe plan Dalešice (Czech Republic) (h p://www.cez.cz) Figu e 2. P essu e educing al e in a cooling sys em [1] 1 Hype bole IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026 In e na ional Con e ence on Recen T ends in Physics 2016 (ICRTP2016) IOP Publishing Jou nal o Physics: Con e ence Se ies 755 (2016) 011001 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/755/1/011001 Con en om his wo k may be used unde he e ms o heC ea i eCommons A ibu ion 3.0 licence. Any u he dis ibu ion o his wo k mus main ain a ibu ion o he au ho (s) and he i le o he wo k, jou nal ci a ion and DOI. Published unde licence by IOP Publishing L d P essu e educing al es a e a sou ce o high hyd aulic losses and hei eplacemen is possible hanks o he compa able esis ance cha ac e is ics wi h he side channel u bine. Cha ac e is ics o he al e low coe icien K on he ela i e opening o he al e, see ‘Figu e 4’, is analogous o he u bine cha ac e is ic o uni low Q11 on uni speed n11, see ‘Figu e 6’. A medium p essu e d op ac oss he al e is needed o ene gy ecupe a ion. Figu e 3. P essu e educing al e (h p://www.ldm al es.com) Figu e 4. Flow cha ac e is ic o a p essu e educing al e 2. Side channel u bines The side channel u bine alls in o he ca ego y o eac ion u bines and is in ended o small discha ges and medium heads. The wo king a ea is wi hin he speci ic speed ns = 2 ‚ 30 min-1. The u bine can only p ocess a pa o he head. The main disad an age is low e iciency, which is usually wi hin he ange o 20 o 50%. These machines ind hei use due o he ac ha eaching speci ic speed ns < 35 min-1 wi h classical u bines (F ancis’ u bine o mul is age pump in u bine mode) a high e iciency is qui e p oblema ic. Unde hese ci cums ances, a coun e ac ing o ex s a s o occu in he channels be ween he blades o he impelle . This causes he dec ease o e iciency which can e en ge below 30%. In a si ua ion like his, i migh be wo h using side channel u bines as hey ha e highe e iciency, han he low speci ic speed u bines. Side channel u bines a e use ul o egula ion due o hei la cu e o e iciency in he a ea o op imum poin and linea dependency o low on e olu ions. Theo e ical ene gy e iciency cha ac e is ics η, uni low Q11, powe P11 and o que M11 a e plo ed in dependence on uni speed n11 in ‘Figu e 6’ [2]. 0 100 200 300 0 0,25 0,5 0,75 1 Val e low coe icien K (m3h-1) Rela i e opening o he al e z (-) Figu e 5. Side channel machine (h p://www.dela anagpumps.com) Figu e 6. The cou se o he ene gy cha ac e is ics o side channel u bines 0 16 32 48 64 80 010 20 30 40 E iciency η(1) Uni low Q11 (m3s-1) Uni powe P11 (W) Uni o que M11 (Nm) Uni speed n11 (min-1) 2 Hype bole IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026 3. Measu emen o he side channel u bine 3.1. The pump in u bine mode I is u he examined, whe he i is possible o use he side channel pump as a u bine o ene gy eco e y in he piping sys em. Fo his expe imen , a comme cially p oduced side channel pump was Figu e 7. Assembly o side channel machine (h p://www.dela anagpumps.com) pu chased om he Ame ican company Dela an, labeled Tu bo 90, see ‘Figu e 7’. The pump has a closed ype impelle . This means ha he wa e en e s and leaks di ec ly in o he channel. The impelle is symme ical and has 36 blades on each side. The opposing blades a e o a ed by hal he angula pi ch. The side channel is pa o he i on cas ing cabine , which acco ding o he manu ac u e should endu e 7 ba o e p essu e. The size o he connec ing pipe is 3/2 inch. The sha is sealed wi h ce amic - ca bon mechanical seals. The maximum speed o he wheel is 1200 min-1. The wid h o he side gap δ is app oxima ely 0.1 mm. The dimensions o he hyd aulic pa s a e shown in ‘Figu e 8’. The impelle is made om nylon. I is connec ed wi h he hub s aigh -sided splines and can mo e in he axial di ec ion. I is sel -cen e ed du ing ope a ion. 3.2. Measu emen o he cha ac e is ics o he side channel u bine The side channel pump is measu ed in u bine mode. A es ig o he measu emen o he ene gy cha ac e is ics o he side channel u bine is loca ed in he labo a o y o Vic o Kaplan dep . o luid enginee ing ‘Figu e 9 and 10’. F equency con e e s a e used o change o speed equency o he u bine unne and eed pump impelle . Values o inle and ou le p essu e, o que, speed and low a e a e eco ded by an indus ial compu e and ou p og am, which is w i en in Lab iew. Figu e 8. Dimensions o he hyd aulic shape 3 Hype bole IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026 Figu e 9. Tes ig Figu e 10. Tu bine in he es ig 3.3. Cha ac e is ics o he u bine a cons an heads wi h back-p essu e This sec ion in es iga es he change o he cha ac e is ics o he u bine in e posed in he piping sys em as a eplacemen o a p essu e educing al e. Tu bine wo ks only wi h a pa o he p essu e ene gy om he sys em. The cha ac e is ics o he u bine a e measu ed a a cons an head 15 me e s and a changing speed o he unne . The change in he absolu e alues o he back-p essu e in he suc ion line du ing he measu emen is shown in he g aph ‘Figu e 11’ - pb = (n11). The back p essu e is no cons an , bu a he depends on he low a e. Maximal eached alue o e iciency unde backp essu e is 18,9% and 21,5% wi h he a mosphe ic p essu e on he suc ion. Flow is main ained. Figu e 11. Tu bine g aphs measu ed wi h cons an heads and back-p essu e in suc ion Cha ac e is ics o he u bine al e - du ing ope a ion o he side channel u bine in he capaci y o he p essu e egula o is expec ed ha only pa o he p essu e ene gy in he piping sys em will be used. Losses-making and low cha ac e is ics o he side channel u bine Dela an Tu bo 90 a e shown in 0 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 010 20 30 40 50 Uni low Q11 (m3s-1) Uni speed n11 (min-1) Q11 = (n11) H = 15 m wi h back-p essu e H = 15 m 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 010 20 30 40 50 E iciency η(1) Uni speed n11 (min-1) η= (n11) H = 15 m wi h back-p essu e H = 15 m 0 20 40 60 80 100 010 20 30 40 50 Uni powe P11 (W) Uni speed n11 (min-1) P11 = (n11) H = 15 m wi h back-p essu e H = 15 m 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 010 20 30 40 Back-p essu e pb(kPa) Uni speed n11 (min-1) pb= (n11) Back-p essu e wi h head H = 15 m 4 Hype bole IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026 ‘Figu e 7’. The cha ac e is ic cu e o he u bine is compa able as he cu e o he p essu e educing al e. Figu e 12. Loss-making cha ac e is ic o he u bine Figu e 13. Flow cha ac e is ic o he u bine 4. Conclusion In many echnical solu ions, i is necessa y o dec ease he p essu e o liquids. P essu e educing al es a e no mally used o his p essu e educ ion. Howe e , i u ilizes a conside able pa o he p essu e ene gy, which is no used, could be ans o med jus in o elec ic ene gy. The pumping echnique uses side channel pumps o pumping small quan i ies o liquids o la ge anspo heigh s. These pumps a e cha ac e ized by low-speci ic speed ns = 4 ‚ 40 min-1 and a e a small econs uc ion hey can be used in a u bine mode. I is possible o eplace p essu e educing al es wi h side channel u bines. The eby c ea e a new kind o u bine al e wi h speed-con olled low dependen on he e olu ion o he unne . In o de o e i y he heo y, a comme cially p oduced side channel pump was pu chased and used o measu e u bine cha ac e is ics and e i y he unc ion o he pa ial eco e y o ene gy. The e iciency o eco e y is abou 19% which opens a space o op imiza ion o he hyd aulic design o he u bine al e. Replacemen o he p essu e educ ion al e by side channel u bine is possible. Tu bine al e wo ks on swi l p inciple. Func ion o new u bine al e is e i ied on pu chased pump measu ed in u bine mode. Bu is necessa y o imp o e hyd aulic design and inc ease hyd aulic e iciency. Acco ding o he esea ch is expec ed ha cus om design can each e iciency o eco e y ene gy abou 50%. I is in e es ing challenge o u u e R&D in es iga ion. Re e ences [1] HALUZA, M.; POCHYLÝ, F.; HABÁN, V.; HUDEC, M.; KUBÁLEK, J. S udy o hyd o- po en ial u iliza ion o cooling wa e on he hyd o-elec ic powe plan Dalešice. B no: B no Uni e si y o Technology, Facul y o mechanical enginee ing, 2007. p. 1-16. [2] KLAS, R.; POCHYLÝ, F.; RUDOLF, P. Analysis o no el low speci ic speed pump designs. In Ea h and En i onmen al Science. IOP Con e ence Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science. Uni ed Kingdom o G ea B i ain and No he n I eland: IOP Science, 2014. p. 1-11. ISSN: 1755-1315. Acknowledgmen s This wo k is an ou pu o esea ch and scien i ic ac i i ies o NETME Cen e, egional R&D cen e buil wi h he inancial suppo om he Ope a ional P og amme Resea ch and De elopmen o Inno a ions wi hin he p ojec NETME Cen e (New Technologies o Mechanical Enginee ing), Reg. No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0002 and, in he ollow-up sus ainabili y s age, suppo ed h ough NETME CENTRE PLUS (LO1202) by inancial means om he Minis y o Educa ion, You h and Spo s unde he „Na ional Sus ainabili y P og amme I“. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 010 20 30 40 Coe icien o losses ξ[-] Uni speed n11 (min-1) ξ= (n11) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 010 20 30 40 Flow coe icien K [m3h-1] Uni speed n11 (min-1) K = (n11) 5 Hype bole IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Jou nal o Physics: Con . Se ies 813(2017) 012026 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/813/1/012026