Deli e able D4.1 – Two da ase s on objec i e desc ip i e and
subs an i e ep esen a ion wi h a pa icula ocus on gende
equali y, clima e change and mig a ion
PROJECT
P ojec numbe :
101094190
P ojec ac onym:
Ac EU
P ojec name:
Towa ds a new e a o ep esen a i e
democ acy - Ac i a ing Eu opean ci izens’
us in imes o c ises and pola iza ion
Call:
HORIZON-CL2-2022-DEMOCRACY-01
Topic:
HORIZON-CL2-2022-DEMOCRACY-01-08
Type o ac ion:
HORIZON-RIA
Responsible se ice:
REA
P ojec s a ing da e:
01 / 03 / 2023
P ojec du a ion:
36 mon hs
DELIVERABLE
Deli e able No
14
Deli e able ela ed No
4.1
Wo k package No
WP4
Desc ip ion
Two da ase s on objec i e desc ip i e and
subs an i e ep esen a ion wi h a pa icula
ocus on gende equali y, clima e change
and mig a ion
Lead bene icia y
13. Agencia Es a al Consejo Supe io de
In es igaciones Cien í icas (CSIC)
Type
DATA
Dissemina ion le el
PU - Public
Due o da e
M19 – 30.09.2024
Main au ho (s):1
Lau a Mo ales, Ca les Pamies, Nayla
Esc ibano (CSIC)
Con ibu o (s):2
Alexand os Gko inakos (AUTH), Ma ilde
Ce on (PLUS), E mela Gianna (PLUS),
E ychia Tepe oglou (AUTH), Zoe Le ko idi
(PLUS), Nadine Zwiene -Collins (PLUS)
App o ed by
P ojec Coo dina o P o . D . Michael
Kaeding (UDE)
1
The au ho s ha e w i en he epo , designed da a collec ion and coo dina ed da a collec ion e o s by all eams
con ibu ing o he wo k desc ibed in his deli e able.
2
The con ibu o s ha e con ibu ed wi h eedback o da a collec ion design p oposals by he leading eam, quali y
checks o da a collec ion ins umen s (such as he ansla ion o keywo d dic iona ies) and con ibu ed da a ha is
desc ibed wi h hei espec i e da a ci a ions in his documen .
1
Two Da ase s on Objec i e Desc ip i e and Subs an i e
Rep esen a ion
Execu i e Summa y and Key Recommenda ions
Summa y o con ex
The Ac EU p ojec examines he decline o us and o democ a ic poli ical legi imacy in Eu ope
h ough a concep ual iangle ha p oposes ha ully unde s anding he magni ude and na u e
o his decline equi es examining closely in e connec ed ac o s linked o ci izens' poli ical
o ien a ions, ci izens' poli ical pa icipa ion and how ep esen a i e ins i u ions and ac o s
ope a e. The ole o WP4 in he con ex o he Ac EU p ojec is o assess how poli ical
ep esen a ion dynamics shape he mani es a ions o he c isis o us and legi imacy.
In o de o do his, se e al asks and deli e ables ocus on desc ip i e and subs an i e poli ical
ep esen a ion as dimensions ha e lec how he poli ical sys em and elec ed ep esen a i es
“objec i ely” ep esen ci izens. The goal o his deli e able is o p o ide da ase s on desc ip i e
and subs an i e poli ical ep esen a ion ha allow gauging (i) how do he cu en poli ical and
social de elopmen s a ec he ep esen a ion o ci izens’ p e e ences, and (ii) o which social
g oups o socie y do he cu en poli ical and social de elopmen s ha e angible implica ions in
e ms o he ep esen a ion o hei p e e ences. Mo eo e , ollowing he dedica ed ocus o he
Ac EU p ojec on h ee policy and public a eas o deba e a ound clima e change, gende equali y
and immig a ion, he da ase s allow o cap u e bo h he poli ical and social g oups pa icula ly
in e es ed in hese policy ields as well as he ep esen a ion ou pu s o pa liamen s and pa ies
in ela ion o hese h ee ields.
Added alue
As he epo will ou line, al hough social scien is s a e inc easingly paying a en ion o issues
a ound democ a ic poli ical ep esen a ion, he e is limi ed compa a i e da a a ailable on
desc ip i e and subs an i e ep esen a ion ac oss Eu ope ha is also ich in in o ma ion abou
bo h dimensions o poli ical ep esen a ion. This epo adds alue o he exis ing s a e o
knowledge wi h h ee con ibu ions. Fi s , i akes s ock o he da a ha exis s and hei
limi a ions. Second, i p o ides wo no el da ase s o a selec ion o he coun ies on which he
Ac EU p ojec ocuses, o a comp ehensi e se o indica o s on bo h desc ip i e and subs an i e
ep esen a ion agg ega ed a he coun y/legisla u e/pa y le el wi h special a en ion o clima e
change, gende equali y and immig a ion.
Summa y o Deli e able D4.1
This epo is s uc u ed in i e main sec ions. The i s sec ion p o ides an o e all in oduc ion
o concep ual and heo e ical aspec s ele an o he s udy o democ a ic poli ical ep esen a ion.
Sec ion wo akes s ock o he exis ing esea ch and da ase s on desc ip i e and subs an i e
ep esen a ion, poin ing ou hei limi a ions. The hi d sec ion desc ibes he me hodology
2
ollowed o he c ea ion o he da ase on desc ip i e ep esen a ion, whe eas sec ion ou
ou lines he me hodology ollowed o he c ea ion o he da ase on subs an i e ep esen a ion.
The inal sec ion o e s some policy- ele an ecommenda ions ha we also b ie ly summa ise
he e.
Key conclusions and policy ecommenda ions
The main goal o his deli e able and he asks associa ed o i was no o p oduce indings and
ecommenda ions, bu da a. Howe e , in he p ocess o e iewing he exis ing da a we a e able
o make some policy- ele an ecommenda ions. Despi e he key impo ance o bo h desc ip i e
and subs an i e ep esen a ion o ou unde s anding o poli ical dynamics in con empo a y
democ acies, he exis ing da a is oo agmen a y and o une en quali y. We ha e de ec ed
nume ous limi a ions o he exis ing da ase s on legisla o s' biog aphies ega ding he co e age
o a a ie y o socio-demog aphic, socio-economic and socio-poli ical g oups/ca ego ies.
Mo eo e , he absence o s anda dised app oaches ega ding how na ional pa liamen s (and
o he sub-na ional elec ed assemblies) p o ide open da a on (i) he elec ed ep esen a i es and
hei cha ac e is ics/a ibu es, (ii) hei pa liamen a y oles, posi ions and ac i i ies, and (iii) he
nume ous speeches, documen s and ag eemen s p oduced in hese pa liamen s make EU-wide
compa isons di icul .
The main ecommenda ions we make a e: (1) DG Resea ch could os e a se o ask o ces o
ini ia i es ha would con ibu e o mo e s anda dised app oaches o Open Da a om legisla i e
assemblies, pe haps wi h he collabo a ion o Eu os a , whe e he expe ise o poli ical scien is s,
da a scien is s and compu a ional linguis s can be combined o p o ide wi h ha monised
guidelines o good p ac ice ecommenda ions as well as ea -ma ked unding o imp o e
adap a ion o new s anda ds; (2) Exis ing in as uc u es such as CLARIN, CESSDA and LIBER
could suppo he echnical wo k equi ed; (3) Collabo a ions wi h he In e -Pa liamen a y Union
could be highly p oduc i e o scale up hese ini ia i es beyond he EU.
3
Con en
Figu es/Tables 4
1 In oduc ion 5
2 S udying desc ip i e and subs an i e ep esen a ion: Taking s ock o exis ing da a 7
2.1 Exis ing esea ch and da ase s on desc ip i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope 7
2.1.1 Lis o publica ions and da ase s on desc ip i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope mapped o
he Ac EU p ojec 8
2.1.2 Summa y o key a ibu es o he main compa a i e da ase s on desc ip i e
ep esen a ion in Eu ope mapped o he Ac EU p ojec 10
2.2 Exis ing esea ch and da ase s on subs an i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope 15
2.2.1 Lis o publica ions and da ase s on subs an i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope mapped o
he Ac EU p ojec 15
2.2.2 Summa y o key a ibu es o he main compa a i e da ase s on subs an i e
ep esen a ion in Eu ope mapped o he Ac EU p ojec 19
3 The Ac EU da ase s on desc ip i e poli ical ep esen a ion 22
3.1 Da a collec ed, me hodology and a iables 23
3.2 Desc ip i e s a is ics o he da ase s collec ed 26
4 The Ac EU da ase on subs an i e poli ical ep esen a ion 27
4.1 Da a collec ed, me hodology and a iables 27
4.2 Desc ip i e s a is ics o he da ase s collec ed 31
5 Conclusions and policy- ele an ecommenda ions 32
Bibliog aphy/Lis o Re e ences 33
Appendix – Links o codebooks, empla es and o he echnical documen a ion o he da ase s 35
A.1 Codebooks and empla es used o he desc ip i e ep esen a ion da ase s 35
A.2 Codebooks and empla es used o he subs an i e ep esen a ion da ase s 35
A.3 Lis o keywo ds in English used o he subs an i e ep esen a ion da ase s 36
4
Figu es/Tables
Table 1 Summa y o he main compa a i e da ase s on desc ip i e ep esen a ion ound
h ough he sys ema ic sea ch. (Ca les Pamies & Lau a Mo ales, CSIC) 11
Table 2 Summa y o he a iables included in he main compa a i e da ase s on desc ip i e
ep esen a ion use ul o Ac EU ound h ough he sys ema ic sea ch. (Ca les Pamies & Lau a
Mo ales, CSIC) 13
Table 3 Summa y o da ase s on subs an i e ep esen a ion ound h ough he sys ema ic
sea ch. (Ca les Pamies & Lau a Mo ales, CSIC) 20
Table 4 Summa y o he a iables included in he main compa a i e da ase s on subs an i e
ep esen a ion use ul o Ac EU ound h ough he sys ema ic sea ch. (Ca les Pamies & Lau a
Mo ales, CSIC) 21
Table 5 Desc ip ion o he da a collec ed (Lau a Mo ales and Ca les Pamies, CSIC) 23
Table 6 Desc ip ion o he a iables included in he desc ip i e ep esen a ion da ase (Lau a
Mo ales and Ca les Pamies, CSIC) 24
Table 7 Desc ip i e s a is ics o he key a iables included in he desc ip i e ep esen a ion
da ase s (Lau a Mo ales and Ca les Pamies, CSIC) 26
Table 8 Desc ip ion o he da a collec ed on subs an i e ep esen a ion (Lau a Mo ales and
Nayla Esc ibano, CSIC) 28
Table 9 Desc ip ion o he a iables included in he subs an i e ep esen a ion da ase s (Lau a
Mo ales and Nayla Esc ibano, CSIC) 29
Table 10 Desc ip i e s a is ics o he a iables included in he subs an i e ep esen a ion
da ase s (Lau a Mo ales and Nayla Esc ibano, CSIC) 31
Table 11 Desc ip ion o he a iables included in he desc ip i e ep esen a ion da ase (Lau a
Mo ales and Nayla Esc ibano, CSIC) 36

5
1 In oduc ion
Rep esen a i e democ acies ac oss Eu ope a e expe iencing a pe iod o c isis. A conside able
p opo ion o Eu opean ci izens show a lack o us in he co e ins i u ions and ac o s ha make
ep esen a i e democ acy wo k a a ious le els o go e nmen (c . e.g., Van de Mee & Van
E kel 2024; Valga ðsson e al. 2024; Ca s ens 2023; No is 2023; To cal & Ch is mann 2021).
Al hough he downwa d end in poli ical us is no uni e sal ac oss coun ies (see Ch is ensen
e al. 2024), i is undeniable ha in many EU Membe S a es poli ical us in all ac o s and
ins i u ions is in decline. This c isis in poli ical us , una oidably, is associa ed o eelings o bad
o mis ep esen a ion: when ci izens do no us poli icians, pa ies, he legisla i e o he
execu i e – o name bu a ew – hey end no o eel ep esen ed by hese ac o s and ins i u ions,
and he o he way a ound (Bedock & Panel 2017; Jacobs, Close & Pile 2024; Palacios 2016). O he
epo s and ou pu s o he Ac EU p ojec ocus on hese connec ions be ween poli ical us and
eelings o ep esen a ion. He e we ocus on c oss-na ional a ia ions and dynamics o poli ical
ep esen a ion as an objec o analysis.
Indeed, he Ac EU p ojec ocuses on se e al ace s o he p ocess o democ a ic poli ical
ep esen a ion: on he one hand, a mo e ‘objec i e’ ace consis ing o (i) he desc ip i e
ep esen a ion achie ed by Eu opean pa liamen s and he pa ies ep esen ed he ein by i ue
o he selec ion o legisla o s wi h a ange o socio-economic and demog aphic a ibu es, and (ii)
he subs an i e ep esen a ion achie ed by pa liamen s and pa ies h ough hei pa liamen a y
ac i i ies; and, on he o he hand, a mo e ‘subjec i e’ ace ha pe ains o he pe cep ions ha
ci izens exp ess o how well o badly pa liamen s and pa ies ep esen hem and hei demands.
In his epo , we p esen se e al da ase s ha allow us o assess he i s mo e ‘objec i e’ o
‘objec i iable’ ace .
In essence, we ocus on wha Hanna Pi kin (1967) de ined as desc ip i e and subs an i e
ep esen a ion. Elec ed ep esen a i es can be said o ‘desc ip i ely’ ep esen ci izens when
hei sha ed a ibu es wi h he la e allow hem o ‘s and o ’ on hei behal . By mi o ing
(some o ) hei cha ac e is ics (e.g., sex, age, e hnici y, class, a ious iden i ies, e c.) o a g ea e o
less ex en , he elec ed ep esen a i es and he agg ega ion o all o hem (i.e., elec ed assemblies)
will be p o iding a mo e o less accu a e e lec ion o he ci izen y hey a e expec ed o ep esen .
In his sense, some pa liamen s and poli ical pa ies will be e ep esen desc ip i ely he
socie ies ha elec ed hem, o he s will do so mo e impe ec ly. O cou se, how well any gi en
ep esen a i e body desc ip i ely ep esen s socie y as a whole can be judged acco ding o a wide
ange o cha ac e is ics and a ibu es. In his epo , we limi his assessmen o a ew a ibu es:
appa en sex, age, mino i y backg ound, gende iden i y and sexual o ien a ion.
Subs an i e ep esen a ion, by con as , is said o happen when elec ed ep esen a i es ac in a
manne ha hey ‘ac o ’ hose who elec ed hem. This o m o ep esen a ion equi es
ep esen a i es o easonably oice he conce ns and demands ha hose who elec ed hem ca e
o . Assessing subs an i e ep esen a ion is no always as easy as i sounds, as i equi es i s
es ablishing wha ci izens wan and p e e (and ci izens’ demands and p e e ences a e
he e ogeneous, by and la ge) and hen examining how much hese p e e ences and demands a e
p esen in pa liamen a y ac i i ies (and pa liamen a y ac i i ies a e also he e ogeneous and
leading o mul iple ypes o ou pu s). In his epo , we limi his assessmen o he h ee main
a eas o policy-making on which he Ac EU p ojec ocuses pa icula ly (clima e change, gende
6
equali y and LGBTIQ+ igh s, and immig a ion) and add you h- ela ed issues and mino i y-
ela ed issues o ma ch he social ca ego ies examined in he desc ip i e ep esen a ion da ase s.
The main goal o his deli e able is, hus, o ake s ock o exis ing da a on bo h desc ip i e and
subs an i e ep esen a ion, and o desc ibe he con en s and me hodology employed o gene a e
wo no el agg ega e da ase s on desc ip i e and subs an i e ep esen a ion ha can be used
wi hin he Ac EU p ojec o link (in subsequen epo s and publica ions) ci izens’ pe cep ions
and eelings (as measu ed, o example, by he main Ac EU su ey) wi h hese mo e ‘objec i iable’
ou pu s o democ a ic ep esen a ion ega ding he desc ip i e and subs an i e ace s o
ep esen a ion.
Ne e heless, ou wo k on pu suing his main goal also allows us o p o ide some policy- ele an
ecommenda ions, especially ega ding u u e Open Da a a ailabili y and p oduc ion by
Eu opean pa liamen s and join esea ch capaci y in he s udy o pa liamen a y da a and
co po a.
The epo is s uc u ed as ollows. The nex sec ion akes s ock o he exis ing da a on desc ip i e
and subs an i e ep esen a ion ac oss Eu ope, ocusing pa icula ly on c oss-na ional da ase s
and s udies. Sec ion h ee ou lines he me hodology ollowed o gene a e he da ase s on
desc ip i e ep esen a ion and explains hei exac con en s. Sec ion ou ollows in he same
manne p esen ing he me hodology and con en s o he da ase s on subs an i e ep esen a ion.
The inal sec ion concludes wi h a summa y o he wo k unde aken and submi ed wi h he
da ase s, i s ad an ages and limi a ions, and wi h policy- ele an ecommenda ions.
7
2 S udying desc ip i e and subs an i e ep esen a ion: Taking s ock o
exis ing da a
Be o e gene a ing no el da a, he Sciences Po and CSIC eams
3
unde ook an ex ensi e e iew o
he s a e o he a on da a collec ion ega ding bo h desc ip i e and subs an i e ep esen a ion.
While esea ch on hese opics has been mainly unde aken by poli ical scien is s and poli ical
sociologis s, compu a ional linguis ics in e es ed in pa liamen a y co po a ha e also con ibu ed
no able da ase s o his sub ield o esea ch on legisla i e poli ics.
The scoping exe cise was o ganised as ollows. Fi s , we sea ched o and conside ed any and all
da ase s on ei he desc ip i e ep esen a ion (biog aphical in o ma ion on legisla o s) and
subs an i e ep esen a ion (ac i i ies o he legisla o s) o h ee le els o democ a ic
ep esen a ion since he ea ly 2000s: he Eu opean Pa liamen , na ional pa liamen s and
subna ional legisla i e assemblies (s a es in ede al sys ems and egions in quasi- ede al o
decen alised sys ems). To his end, we unde ook a sys ema ic sea ch on Google Schola ,
scien i ic publica ions da abases as well as da a eposi o ies (such as Ha a d Da a e se and he
a chi es in CESSDA) using keywo ds ela ing o “pa liamen ”, “desc ip i e ep esen a ion”,
“subs an i e ep esen a ion” and “legisla o s”. We also used snowball echniques ollowing
ci a ions in wo k ha e e ed o o he publica ions o da ase s.
Second, we inspec ed each o hose a icles o da ase epo s o examine wha hey con ained in
e ms o he a iables included (a ibu es o ac i i ies o he legisla o s) and eco ded hei
con en s. In pa icula , we assessed whe he he da ase s con ained in o ma ion a he
indi idual-le el o he legisla o s o hey only p o ided agg ega es (whe he o he
pa liamen /assembly as a whole o agg ega ed by poli ical pa y o o he simila poli ical uni ).
This allowed us o assess he u ili y o he da ase s o ou pu poses, as indi idual-le el da a
p o ided us wi h g ea e lexibili y o e-analysis and es uc u ing.
Finally, we assessed which o he da ase s we e a ailable as Open Da a o euse and which
emained p i a e da a ha was no sha ed o su icien ly documen ed o euse.
Sec ion 2.1 p esen s he esul s o his s ock- aking o exis ing da a o desc ip i e ep esen a ion,
while sec ion 2.2 p esen s he same exe cise o subs an i e ep esen a ion.
2.1 Exis ing esea ch and da ase s on desc ip i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope
Th ough he a o emen ioned sys ema ic sea ch p ocess, we unco e ed a wide ange o
publica ions and/o da ase s ha include biog aphical in o ma ion on legisla o s ha is
po en ially o use o he Ac EU p ojec . We i s p esen he lis o publica ions and da ase s
and hen summa ise hei main a ibu es o a selec ion o hose a ailable o public use.
3
Wo k on his deli e able and he associa ed asks s a ed when he eam now based a CSIC was based
in Sciences Po, hence he e e ence o bo h conso ium pa ne s h oughou he documen .
8
2.1.1 Lis o publica ions and da ase s on desc ip i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope
mapped o he Ac EU p ojec
• Aue , Daniel, Po mann, Lea, & Tichelbaecke , Tichelbaecke (2023). Elec o al
Disc imina ion, Pa y Ra ionale, and he Unde ep esen a ion o Immig an ‐O igin
Poli icians.
Ame ican Jou nal o Poli ical Science
(Online Fi s ).
h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/ajps.12817
• Aza ea (2018).
Cice o
. A ailable om h ps://www.cice oda a.com
• Baile , S e anie, Manow, Philip, & Hug, Simon (2019).
Pa liamen a y Ca ee s in
Compa ison: Resea ch P ojec
. Basel, B emen, Gene a: Re ie ed om
h p://pa liamen a yca ee sincompa ison.o g/
● Bes , Hein ich & Co a, Mau izio (2000).
Pa liamen a y ep esen a i es in Eu ope 1848-
2000
. Ox o d: Ox o d Uni e si y P ess.
● Bes , Hein ich & Edinge , Michael (2005). Con e ging ep esen a i e eli es in Eu ope? An
in oduc ion o he Eu Eli e p ojec .
Czech Sociological Re iew, 41
(3), 499-510.
h ps://www.js o .o g/s able/41132162
• Cos a, Monica(2016). Gende -Focused Ins i u ions in In e na ional Pa liamen a y Bodies:
The Case o he Women's Caucus o he Pa liamen a y Assembly o he Po uguese-
Speaking Coun ies.
Pa liamen a y A ai s
,
69
(4), 748-762.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1093/pa/gsw002
● Elsässe , Lea & Schä e , A min (2022).
Unequal Democ acies: Who does (no ) ha e a sea
in pa liamen ?
F ied ich Ebe S i ung. h ps://lib a y. es.de/pd -
iles/bue os/wien/19349-20220926.pd
● Ge ing, John, Oncel, E zen, Mo ison, Ke in, and Pems ein, Daniel (2019). Who Rules
he Wo ld? A Po ai o he Global Leade ship Class,
Pe spec i es on Poli ics, 17
(4), 1079-
1097. h ps://doi.o g/10.1017/S1537592719000744. Da ase a ailable he e:
h p://glp.la.u exas.edu/
● Göbel, Sascha & Munze , Simon (2022). The compa a i e legisla o s da abase.
B i ish
Jou nal o Poli ical Science, 52
(3), 1398-1408.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1017/S0007123420000897. Also a ailable he e:
h ps://complegda abase.com/
● Go ecki, Maciej A., & Pie zgalski, Michał. (2022). Legisla ed candida e quo as and women's
desc ip i e ep esen a ion in p e e en ial o ing sys ems.
Eu opean Jou nal o Poli ical
Resea ch
,
61
(1), 154-174. h ps://ejp .onlinelib a y.wiley.com/doi/ ull/10.1111/1475-
6765.12443?campaign=wole oc
● Gouglas, A hanassios, Ba Maddens and Ma leen B ans (2018). “De e minan s o
legisla i e u no e in Wes e n Eu ope, 1945–2015.”
Eu opean Jou nal o Poli ical
Resea ch, 57
(3):637–661. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/1475-6765.12246
15
2.2 Exis ing esea ch and da ase s on subs an i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope
A sys ema ic sea ch o s udies and da abases on subs an i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope also
e u ned a conside able numbe o da ase s o une en con en in e ms o he na u e o he
subs an i e pa liamen a y ep esen a ion ac i i ies as well as he me ada a ( a iables) on he
indi idual legisla o s unde aking such pa liamen a y ac i i ies.
We i s p o ide a comp ehensi e lis o he main publica ions and da ase s we conside ed and
hen p esen he key summa ising ables o hei main a ibu es.
2.2.1 Lis o publica ions and da ase s on subs an i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope
mapped o he Ac EU p ojec
● Baumga ne , F ank R., Ch is ian B eunig & Emiliano G ossman (2019).
Compa a i e
policy agendas: Theo y, ools, da a
. Ox o d Uni e si y P ess. [No e: Compa a i e
Agendas P ojec ].
● Bécha a, Hannah, He zog, Alexande , Jankin, Sla a, & John, Pe e (2021). T ans e
lea ning o opic labeling: Analysis o he UK House o Commons speeches 1935–2014.
Resea ch & Poli ics
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h ps://jou nals.sagepub.com/doi/ ull/10.1177/20531680211022206
● Blä e, And eas (2020).
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P o ocols o he Ge man Bundes ag
. R package e sion 1.4.1.
h ps://polmine.gi hub.io/Ge maPa l/
● Blä e, And eas (2020).
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Plena y P o ocols o he Ge man Bundes ag
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● Blä e, And eas (2018). Zum Ve wechseln ähnlich? Eine Klassi ika ionsanalyse
pa lamen a ischen Disku s e hal ens au Basis des PolMine-Plena p o okollko pus", in:
Compu a ional Social Science
. Die Analyse on Big Da a, Nomos 139-162.
● Blä e, And eas & Leonha d , Ch is oph (2020).
MigPa l. A Co pus o Speeches on
Mig a ion and In eg a ion in Ge many’s Regional Pa liamen s
.
h ps://polmine.gi hub.io/MigPa l/
● B aby, Daniel; S ewa , F ase (2021).
pa lSco : a da ase o 1.8 million spoken
con ibu ions om he Sco ish Pa liamen 1999-2021
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h ps://doi.o g/10.7910/DVN/EQ9WBE, Ha a d Da a e se, V1

16
● Celis, Ka en, Childs, Sa ah, & Cu in, Jenni e (2016). Specialised pa liamen a y bodies
and he quali y o women's subs an i e ep esen a ion: a compa a i e analysis o
Belgium, Uni ed Kingdom and New Zealand.
Pa liamen a y A ai s, 69
(4), 812-829.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1093/pa/gsw007
● Cu ini, Luigi, Decad i, Sil ia, Fe a a, Al io, Mon anelli, S e ano, Neg i, Fe a, & Pe i i,
F ancesco (2024). The Gende Gap in Issue A en ion and Language Use wi hin a
Legisla i e Se ing: An Applica ion o he I alian Pa liamen (1948–2020).
Poli ics &
Gende , 20
(1), 182-211. h ps://doi.o g/10.1017/S1743923X2300051X
● Egge s, And ew C. & Spi ling, A hu (2014). Elec o al secu i y as a de e minan o
legisla o ac i i y, 1832–1918: New da a and me hods o analyzing B i ish poli ical
de elopmen .
Legisla i e S udies Qua e ly 39
(4): 593-620.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/lsq.12059
● E ja ec, Tomaž., Kopp, Ma yáš, Ljubešić, Nikola, Kuzman, Taja, Rayson, Paul, Oseno a,
Pe ya, ... & Fiše , Da ja (2024).
Pa laMin II: Ad ancing Compa able Pa liamen a y
Co po a Ac oss Eu ope
. h ps://doi.o g/10.21203/ s.3. s-4176128/ 1
● E ja ec, Tomaž, Og odniczuk, Maciej, Oseno a, Pe ya, Ljubešić, Nikola, Simo , Ki il,
Panču , And ej, ... & Fiše , Da ja (2023). The Pa laMin co po a o pa liamen a y
p oceedings.
Language esou ces and e alua ion, 57
(1), 415-448.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/s10579-021-09574-0 [No e: o iginal Pa laMin ]
● G ace, Joan (2016). P esence and Pu pose in he Canadian House o Commons: The
S anding Commi ee on he S a us o Women.
Pa liamen a y A ai s, 69
(4), 830-844.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1093/pa/gsw008
● G ace, Joan, & Sawe , Ma ian (2016). Rep esen ing gende equali y: specialised
pa liamen a y bodies.
Pa liamen a y A ai s, 69
(4), 745-747.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1093/pa/gsw004
● Haman, Michael & Školník, Milan (2021). Poli icians on Social Media. The online da abase
o membe s o na ional pa liamen s on Twi e .
P o esional de la in o mación, 30
(2),
e300217. h ps://doi.o g/10.3145/epi.2021.ma .17
● Ha de , Me e Ma ie S æh (2017). Assessing he impac o pa liamen a y design: The
case o he Danish Commi ee on Gende Equali y.
Scandina ian Poli ical S udies
,
40
(4),
434-456. h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/1467-9477.12102
● Ha de , Me e Ma ie S æh (2023). Pa ing wi h ‘in e es s o women’: how eminis
schola ship on subs an i e ep esen a ion could eplace ‘women’s in e es s’ wi h ‘gende
equali y in e es s’.
Eu opean Jou nal o Poli ics and Gende , 6
(3), 377-394.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1332/251510821X16742321076420
17
● He zog, Alexande & Mikhaylo , Sla a (2017).
Da abase o Pa liamen a y Speeches in
I eland, 1919-2013
. h ps://doi.o g/10.7910/DVN/6MZN76, Ha a d Da a e se, V2
● Holli, Anne Ma ia, & Ha de , Me e Ma ie S æh (2016). Towa ds a dual app oach:
compa ing he e ec s o pa liamen a y commi ees on gende equali y in Denma k and
Finland.
Pa liamen a y A ai s
,
69
(4), 794-811. h ps://doi.o g/10.1093/pa/gsw006
● Johnson, N., & Jose sson, C. (2016). A new way o doing poli ics? C oss-pa y women's
caucuses as c i ical ac o s in Uganda and U uguay.
Pa liamen a y A ai s, 69
(4), 845-859.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1093/pa/gsw011
● Kiss, Rebeka & Sebők, Miklós (2022). C ea ing an enhanced in as uc u e o
pa liamen a y a chi es o be e democ a ic anspa ency and legisla i e esea ch:
Repo on he OPTED o um in he Eu opean Pa liamen (B ussels, Belgium, 15 June
2022).
In e na ional Jou nal o Pa liamen a y S udies, 2
(2), 278-284.
h ps://b ill.com/ iew/jou nals/pa l/2/2/a icle-p278_010.xml?language=en
● Koehn, Philipp (2005). Eu opa l: A Pa allel Co pus o S a is ical Machine T ansla ion. In
J. Hu chins (Ed.),
The Ten h Machine T ansla ion Summi P oceedings o Con e ence
(pp. 79-86). In e na ional Associa ion o Machine T ansla ion.
h ps://aclan hology.o g/2005.m summi -pape s.11
● Leonha d , Ch is oph, & Blä e, And eas (2020).
Aus oPa l Co pus o Pa liamen a y
Deba es
( .0.1.0) [Da a se ]. Zenodo. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.3819505
● Leonha d , Ch is oph & Blä e, And eas (2020).
Pa isPa l Co pus o Pa liamen a y
Deba es
( 0.1.0) [Da a se ]. Zenodo. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.3819374
● Lich , Hauke & Lind, Fabienne (2023). Going c oss-lingual: A guide o mul ilingual ex
analysis.
Compu a ional Communica ion Resea ch
,
5
(2), 1.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5117/CCR2023.2.2.LICH
● Moch ak, Michal, Pe e Rupnik, and Nikola Ljubešić (2023). The Pa laSen mul ilingual
aining da ase o sen imen iden i ica ion in pa liamen a y p oceedings.
a Xi
p ep in a Xi :2309.09783
. h ps://doi.o g/10.48550/a Xi .2309.09783
● PolMine (2022).
Regis y o Resea ch Da a Reposi o ies
. h p://doi.o g/10.17616/R3Z36S
● Raibe , Kla a & Spie ings, Niels (2022). An agnos ic app oach o gende pa e ns in
pa liamen a y speech: a ques ion o ep esen a ion by opic and s yle.
Eu opean Jou nal
o Poli ics and Gende
,
5
(3), 361-381. h ps:// .co/UeHxxnOG d
18
● Rangoni, Sacha, Bedock, Camille, & Talukde , Da id (2023). Mo e compe en hus mo e
legi ima e? MPs’ discou ses on delibe a i e mini-publics.
Ac a Poli ica
,
58
(3), 531-551.
h ps://link.sp inge .com/a icle/10.1057/s41269-021-00209-4
● Rauh, Ch is ian & Schwalbach, Jan (2020).
The Pa lSpeech V2 da a se : Full- ex co po a
o 6.3 million pa liamen a y speeches in he key legisla i e chambe s o nine
ep esen a i e democ acies
. h ps://doi.o g/10.7910/DVN/L4OAKN, Ha a d
Da a e se, V1
● Sawe , Ma ian (2020). Gende mains eaming and he subs an i e ep esen a ion o
women: Whe e do pa liamen a y bodies i ?
Poli ics, G oups, and Iden i ies, 8
(3), 648-
660. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/21565503.2020.1752444
● Sawe , Ma ian & Tu ne , Alicia (2016). Specialised pa liamen a y bodies: hei ole and
ele ance o women's mo emen epe oi e.
Pa liamen a y A ai s, 69
(4), 763-777.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1093/pa/gsw003
● Schwemme , Ca s en (2021).
The Pa hways Co pus - da a o wo k package 2 on
subs an i e poli ical ep esen a ion
. h ps://doi.o g/10.7910/DVN/JMD0KM, Ha a d
Da a e se, V1.
● Sebők, Miklós, P oksch, S en-Oli e , Rauh, Ch is ian, Visno i z, Pé e , Balázs, Ge gö &
Schwalbach, Jan (2023). Compa a i e Eu opean legisla i e esea ch in he age o la ge-
scale compu a ional ex analysis: A e iew a icle.
In e na ional Poli ical Science
Re iew.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/01925121231199904 [No e: ou pu linked o he OPTED
p ojec ]
● Sebők, Miklós, P oksch, S en-Oli e & Rauh, Ch is ian (2021).
OPTED. Re iew o
A ailable Pa liamen a y Co po a
.
h ps://op ed.eu/ ileadmin/use _upload/k_op ed/OPTED_Deli e able_D5.1.pd
● Talukde , Da id (2023). Challenging assump ions: in es iga ing measu emen
sensi i i y in subs an i e ep esen a ion and i s e ec s on policy sa is ac ion.
Eu opean
Jou nal o Poli ics and Gende
,
6
(3), 414-432.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1332/251510821X16889871242153
● an Aggelen, As id, Lau a Hollink, Max Kemman, Ma ijn Kleppe, and Hen i Beunde s
(2017). The deba es o he Eu opean Pa liamen as linked open da a.
Seman ic Web, 8
,
no. 2: 271-281. [LinkedEP ou pu ega ding he p ojec , da a models and da a c ea ion
me hods] h ps://doi.o g/10.3233/SW-160227
● Wäcke le, Jens (2023). A Bill o hei Own: Collabo a ion o Women in Eu opean
Pa liamen s.
Eu opean Jou nal o Poli ics and Gende , 6
(3),
h ps://doi.o g/10.1332/251510821X16782058189028
19
● Wäcke le, Jens & Cas anho Sil a, B uno. 2023. Dis inc i e Voices: Speech and Women’s
Rep esen a ion in Fi e Eu opean Pa liamen s.
Legisla i e S udies Qua e ly, Ea ly View
.
A ailable he e (chap e 4): h ps://kups.ub.uni-
koeln.de/61756/1/PhD_Disse a ion_Waecke le.pd
● Wängne ud, Lena (2009). Women in pa liamen s: Desc ip i e and subs an i e
ep esen a ion.
Annual Re iew o Poli ical Science, 12(
1), 51-69.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1146/annu e .polisci.11.053106.123839
2.2.2 Summa y o key a ibu es o he main compa a i e da ase s on
subs an i e ep esen a ion in Eu ope mapped o he Ac EU p ojec
A e his mapping exe cise, we ha e selec ed he main da ase s ha p o ided compa a i e
co po a on pa liamen a y ac i i ies and ex s ac oss se e al coun ies in Eu ope and which
could be o use o he Ac EU p ojec as sou ces o subs an i e ep esen a ion by legisla o s,
poli ical pa ies and legisla i e assemblies as a whole. Unlike he OPTED p ojec ( unded by
Ho izon 2020), ou aim is no o p oduce a comp ehensi e in en o y, bu o ocus on he
a ailabili y o p ocessed da ase s ha could be use ul o he Ac EU p ojec .
Hence, we ha e ocused on da ase s p o iding access o pa liamen a y co po a ha a e al eady
p ocessed and con ain a leas some minimal me ada a / a iables abou he indi idual
legisla o s who we e gene a ing he ex / speech (see Table 3). A his ini ial s age, we ha e been
inclusi e and eco ded he main da abases ega dless o he ype o pa liamen a y ini ia i e o
ype o in e en ion i ocuses on. Ne e heless, as Table 4 shows, he majo i y o he selec ed
da ase s p esen co po a ha a e gene a ed om plena y deba es o speeches, o w i en
ques ions submi ed o he execu i e. The Compa a i e Agendas P ojec is he only one
p o iding a wide ange o co po a.
When assessing he me ada a / a iables ha hese co po a p o ide a he legisla o le el, he
main conclusion is ha he majo i y o he a ailable co po a p o ide e y limi ed le e age o
analyse he connec ion be ween desc ip i e and subs an i e ep esen a ion, as only e y ew
a ibu es o he indi idual legisla o s gene a ing he speech / ex a e ypically p o ided:
gende , age and poli ical pa y o he mos pa .
Gi en hese esul s o ou s ock- aking and mapping exe cise, he eams wo king on Tasks 4.1
and 4.2 o WP4 and in ol ed in his deli e able 4.1 (CSIC, PLUS, AUTH), decided o ake as he
s a ing poin o he da ase s ha would be sha ed wi hin he Ac EU eam he s uc u e and
me hodological decisions aken in he da ase s p oduced by he Inclusi ePa l p ojec led by
Lau a Mo ales (CSIC, p e iously Sciences Po). This p o ided he baseline o obus indica o s a
he legisla o indi idual-le el ha would al eady co e ou coun ies conside ed in Ac EU:
F ance, I aly, Spain and he Uni ed Kingdom. This choice acili a ed he ex ension o da a o a
easonable amoun o legisla o -le el a iables o wo cases mo e: Aus ia and G eece. The
esul ing da ase s a e desc ibed in sec ions h ee and ou o his epo .
20
Table 3 Summa y o da ase s on subs an i e ep esen a ion ound h ough he sys ema ic sea ch. (Ca les Pamies & Lau a Mo ales, CSIC)
Da abase
Pe iod
co e ed
CZ
ES
FR
IT
PL
DE
FI
DK
AT
GR
Eu opean
LinkedEP
1999-2017
1999-
2017
1999-2017
1999-2017
1999-2017
1999-2017
1999-2017
1999-2017
1999-2017
1999-2017
1999-2017
Na ional
Compa a i e
Agendas P ojec
1953-2018
.
1977-2018
(No Qs, bu
legisla ion)
1996-2014
.
1976-2005
.
.
.
.
Cu ini e al. (2024)
1948-2020
.
.
.
1948-2020
.
.
.
.
.
.
OPTED in en o y
1267-2021
1920-
2021
1977-2021
1979-2021
1983-2021
1919-2021
1949-2021
1734-2019
1665-2021
1753-2021
2010-2019
Pa laMin I/II
(CLARIN)
1977-2023
1993-
2023
1996-2023
2017-2022
2013-2022
2015-2022
.
.
1997-2022
1996-2022
.
Pa lSpeech 2
1977 - 2023
1993-
2023
1996-2023
2017-2022
2013-2022
2015-2022
1991-2018
.
1997-2018
1996-2018
.
Pa hways
1 legisla i e
e m in he
mid -2010s
2011-2015
2007-2012
2008-2013
2009-2013
2015
PolMine
1996-2019
.
.
1996-2019
.
.
1996-2016
.
.
1996-2019
.
Regional
Pa laMin II
2015-2022
2015-
2022
2015-2022
2015-2022
2015-2022
2015-2022
.
2015-2022
2015-2022
2015-2022
2015-2022
MigPa l (pa o
PolMine)
2000-2018
.
.
.
.
.
2000-2018
.
.
.
.

21
Table 4 Summa y o he a iables included in he main compa a i e da ase s on subs an i e
ep esen a ion use ul o Ac EU ound h ough he sys ema ic sea ch. (Ca les Pamies & Lau a Mo ales,
CSIC)
Da abase
Va iables o in e es o he
Ac EU p ojec
Desc ip ion
Ci a ion / URL
Eu opean
LinkedEP
Type o da a: Plena y deba es o he
Eu opean Pa liamen
an Aggelen, As id, Lau a Hollink,
Max Kemman, Ma ijn Kleppe, and
Hen i Beunde s (2017). The deba es o
he Eu opean Pa liamen as linked open
da a.
Seman ic Web, 8
, no. 2: 271-281.
[LinkedEP ou pu ega ding he p ojec ,
da a models and da a c ea ion me hods]
h ps://doi.o g/10.3233/SW-160227
Na ional
Compa a i
e Agendas
P ojec
Many, depending on he
speci ic s udy
Type o da a: bills, o al and w i en
ques ions, legisla ion, deba es,
mani es os…
Baumga ne , F ank R., Ch is ian
B eunig & Emiliano G ossman (2019).
Compa a i e policy agendas: Theo y,
ools, da a
. Ox o d Uni e si y P ess.
Cu ini e
al.(2024)
Gende + commi ee,
senio i y, pa y ideology,
opics
Type o da a: pa liamen a y speeches
Cu ini, Luigi, Decad i, Sil ia, Fe a a,
Al io, Mon anelli, S e ano, Neg i, Fe a,
& Pe i i, F ancesco (2024). The Gende
Gap in Issue A en ion and Language
Use wi hin a Legisla i e Se ing: An
Applica ion o he I alian Pa liamen
(1948–2020).
Poli ics & Gende , 20
(1),
182-211.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1017/S1743923X230
0051X
OPTED
Gende .a (gende ) +
pa y.a (pa y)
OPTED p o ides an in en o y and
access o poli ical ex s ha ha e been
p oduced by o he
p ojec s/ esea che s/sou ces.
Type o da a: Legisla i e speeches,
ques ions and legisla i e documen s
Kiss, Rebeka, & Sebők, Miklós (2022).
C ea ing an enhanced in as uc u e o
pa liamen a y a chi es o be e
democ a ic anspa ency and
legisla i e esea ch: Repo on he
OPTED o um in he Eu opean
Pa liamen (B ussels, Belgium, 15 June
2022).
In e na ional Jou nal o
Pa liamen a y S udies, 2
(2), 278-284.
h ps://b ill.com/ iew/jou nals/pa l/2/
2/a icle-p278_010.xml?language=en
Pa laMin
I/II
(CLARIN)
Gende (gende ) + Bi h
(yea o bi h)
Type o da a: Plena y speeches in
na ional pa liamen s
E ja ec, Tomaž, Og odniczuk, Maciej,
Oseno a, Pe ya, Ljubešić, Nikola,
Simo , Ki il, Panču , And ej, ... & Fiše ,
Da ja (2023). The Pa laMin co po a o
pa liamen a y p oceedings.
Language
esou ces and e alua ion, 57
(1), 415-
448. h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/s10579-
021-09574-0
E ja ec, Tomaž., Kopp, Ma yáš,
Ljubešić, Nikola, Kuzman, Taja,
Rayson, Paul, Oseno a, Pe ya, ... &
Fiše , Da ja (2024).
Pa laMin II:
Ad ancing Compa able Pa liamen a y
Co po a Ac oss Eu ope
.
h ps://doi.o g/10.21203/ s.3. s-
4176128/ 1
Pa lSpeech
2
Type o da a: Pa liamen a y speeches
Rauh, Ch is ian & Schwalbach, Jan
(2020).
The Pa lSpeech V2 da a se :
Full- ex co po a o 6.3 million
pa liamen a y speeches in he key
22
legisla i e chambe s o nine
ep esen a i e democ acies
.
h ps://doi.o g/10.7910/DVN/L4OAKN
, Ha a d Da a e se, V1
Pa hways
All in desc ip i e
ep esen a ion da ase can
be me ged
Type o da a: w i en ques ions o he
Execu i e
Schwemme , Ca s en (2021).
The
Pa hways Co pus - da a o wo k
package 2 on subs an i e poli ical
ep esen a ion
.
h ps://doi.o g/10.7910/DVN/JMD0K ,
Ha a d Da a e se, V1.
PolMine
Speake , pa y a ilia ion,
pa liamen a y g oup
a ilia ion, ole, legisla i e
pe iod, session, da e,
in e jec ions, yea and
agenda i em
Type o da a: plena y deba es,
speeches in pa liamen
PolMine (2022).
Regis y o Resea ch
Da a Reposi o ies
.
h p://doi.o g/10.17616/R3Z36S.
[No e: The PolMine p ojec includes
co po a om he Aus oPa l,
Ge maPa l, Pa isPa l, MigPa l and
Uni ed Na ions Gene al Deba e Co pus
p ojec s]
Regional
Pa lamin II
Gende (gende ) + Bi h
(yea o bi h)
Type o da a: Plena y speeches in
egional pa liamen s
E ja ec, Tomaž., Kopp, Ma yáš,
Ljubešić, Nikola, Kuzman, Taja,
Rayson, Paul, Oseno a, Pe ya, ... &
Fiše , Da ja (2024).
Pa laMin II:
Ad ancing Compa able Pa liamen a y
Co po a Ac oss Eu ope
.
h ps://doi.o g/10.21203/ s.3. s-
4176128/ 1
MigPa l
Session, agenda, da e,
speake , ole o speake ,
pa y, egional s a e whe e
deba e held, sum
p obabili y o mig a ion
and in eg a ion ele ance
Type o da a: speeches on mig a ion
and in eg a ion a ai s in Ge many’s
egional pa liamen s
Blä e, And eas and Leonha d ,
Ch is oph (2020).
MigPa l. A Co pus o
Speeches on Mig a ion and In eg a ion
in Ge many’s Regional Pa liamen s
.
h ps://polmine.gi hub.io/MigPa l/
3 The Ac EU da ase s on desc ip i e poli ical ep esen a ion
The Ac EU p ojec membe s and asks equi e in o ma ion abou desc ip i e poli ical
ep esen a ion (p esence, who ‘s ands o ’ ci izens) ha can be used as ex e nal sou ces o
indica o s on he deg ee o which he pa liamen s (and he pa ies wi h sea s in hese
pa liamen a y chambe s) o he en coun ies s udied esemble o mi o he di e si y o he
popula ions o hei espec i e coun ies. To his end, we ha e gene a ed da abases ha
agg ega e a he pa y and coun y-le el in o ma ion on he numbe o legisla o s wi h a ange
o socio-demog aphic cha ac e is ics ha allow gauging he di e si y o desc ip i e
ep esen a ion.
P o iding he da ase s o he 10 coun ies s udied in Ac EU was no easible, gi en he pe son-
mon h esou ces and iming o his deli e able when conside ed join ly wi h he iming o o he
deli e ables whe e he pa ne eams a e in ol ed, bu we p o ide a his s age da ase s o 6
Eu opean coun ies (Aus ia, F ance, G eece, I aly, Spain and he Uni ed Kingdom) and new
da ase s will be p o ided o he emaining coun ies (Czechia, Denma k, Finland, Ge many and
23
Poland) a a la e s age. The key di e ence be ween he da ase s om he 6 coun ies ha
cons i u e he cu en deli e y and he o he 5 will be he da a sou ces and mode o da a
collec ion. Whe eas he da a collec ed o he o me a e all based on he Inclusi ePa l
me hodology and codebooks, he da a ha will be sha ed o he la e will be compiled om a
ange o public da a sou ces p esen ed in Tables 1 and 2 in his epo . The eason o his is ha
he eams in ol ed in hese asks o WP4 lack he linguis ic skills and coun y expe ise o collec
p ima y da a abou legisla o s o Czechia, Denma k, Finland, Ge many and Poland.
3.1 Da a collec ed, me hodology and a iables
The da ase s gene a ed by he h ee pa ne eams in ol ed in Tasks 4.1 and 4.2 and con ibu ing
o Deli e able 4.1 include in o ma ion o 12 legisla i e e ms ac oss 6 Eu opean coun ies o
nea ly 5,900 legisla o s (see Table 5). The da ase s ha a e sha ed in he Ac EU Sciebo in e nal
cloud and he Ac EU communi y Zenodo eposi o y include 26 a iables agg ega ed a he
coun y/legisla i e e m/pa y le el (see Table 6).
The main aim was o co e , o all he coun ies o which his was easible, he in o ma ion on
sex and gende iden i y, age, educa ion le el, coun y o bi h, na ionali y a bi h, amily
ances y, iden i iable mino i y s a us, known LGBTI+ iden i y and whe he hey we e newly
elec ed o all legisla o s who ook up a sea in he lowe chambe s o unicame al assemblies o
he legisla i e e ms iden i ied in Table 5.
Da a collec ion was unde aken h ough manual coding, iangula ing mul iple publicly a ailable
biog aphical sou ces abou he espec i e legisla o s by each o he espec i e eams who ook
esponsibili y o he da ase s hey would gene a e (see he ull desc ip ion o he me hodological
app oach in Mo ales e al. 2017 and Vincen -Mo y and Mo ales 2024).
Table 5 Desc ip ion o he da a collec ed (Lau a Mo ales and Ca les Pamies, CSIC)
Coun y
Legisla i e e m
Numbe o legisla o s
Team ha collec ed he da a
Aus ia
27 (2019-2024) &
26 (2017-2019)
213
210
PLUS
F ance
15 (2017-2022)
656
Sciences Po, CSIC
G eece
18 (2019-2023)
309
AUTH
I aly
18 (2018-2022) &
17 (2013-2018)
660
672
Sciences Po, CSIC
Spain
14 (2019-2023), 13
(2019-2019) & 12
(2016-2019)
407
355
393
Sciences Po, CSIC
Uni ed Kingdom
58 (2019-2024), 57
(2017-2019) &
56 (2015-2017)
673
656
660
Sciences Po, CSIC
24
Table 6 Desc ip ion o he a iables included in he desc ip i e ep esen a ion da ase (Lau a Mo ales and Ca les Pamies, CSIC)
VARIABLE
CONTENT
VALUES
coun y_id_NUTS
NUTS code o he coun y
Only s anda d NUTS codes o he coun y
Legisla Num
Numbe o he legisla u e (as gi en by Pa liamen ) in A abic
numbe s (do no use Roman numbe s)
E.g. 12, 13, 14, e c
Legisla Begin
Da e in which he legisla u e begins: YYYY-MM-DD
E.g., 2019-11-03 ( o 3 d No 2019)
Legisla End
Da e in which he legisla u e ends: YYYY-MM-DD
E.g., 2023-06-20 ( o 20 h June 2023)
Pa yName
Full name o pa y o lis o he agg ega e alues in each ow
In o iginal language bu Wes e n Eu opean alphabe s
(no G eek cha ac e s, please)
Pa yAc onym
Ac onym o pa y o lis o he agg ega e alues in each ow
The ac onym used by he pa y o assigned in
Appendix 2
Pa yCodeCMP
Pa y code acco ding o he CMP da ase
Use exac ly he CMP code
pa y_id
Pa hways/Ac EU iden i ie o pa y
Pa hways iden i ie o pa y in Appendix 2 ( o
coun ies co e ed by Pa hways) o new unique code
by pa y o new Ac EU coun ies
N_ o al_MPs
Numbe o MPs ha ook up a sea wi h his pa y du ing his
e m
A nume ical alue (i no known, assign -99)
N_Women
Numbe o women MPs ha ook up a sea wi h his pa y du ing
his e m
A nume ical alue (i no known, assign -99)
N_Men
Numbe o men MPs ha ook up a sea wi h his pa y du ing his
e m
A nume ical alue (i no known, assign -99)
N_NonBina y
Numbe o 'ou ' non-bina y MPs ha ook up a sea wi h his pa y
du ing his e m
A nume ical alue (i no known, assign -99)
N_T ans
Numbe o 'ou ' ans MPs ha ook up a sea wi h his pa y
du ing his e m
A nume ical alue (i no known, assign -99)
N_You h_up29
Numbe o MPs who we e 29 y s-old o younge a he ime o
aking up a sea wi h his pa y du ing his e m
A nume ical alue (i no known, assign -99)
N_Edu=Uni Deg ee
Numbe o MPs who had a uni e si y deg ee a he ime o aking
up a sea wi h his pa y du ing his e m
A nume ical alue (i no known, assign -99)
31
4.2 Desc ip i e s a is ics o he da ase s collec ed
Table 10 shows he desc ip i e s a is ics o he esul ing a iables ha cap u e he salience o
each (sub)issue opic based on he dic iona ies gene a ed. Fo he Spanish da ase , hey a e based
on he headings and no on he ull ex s o he w i en ques ions submi ed by he legisla o s. A
es unde aken wi h he Aus ian w i en ques ions, o which we ha e bo h a heading and he
ull ex p ocessed, sugges ha using he headings only can conside ably unde es ima e he
coun s. Al hough he headings p o ided in he Aus ian open da a a e conside ably sho e han
hose p o ided in he Spanish da ase s wi h w i en ques ions, hese es s sugges ha he
desc ip i e s a is ics in he able below should no be used ye o compa e salience ac oss he six
coun ies o his i s e sion o he da ase s. The desc ip i e s a is ics a e p o ided o illus a e
he na u e o he da a collec ed.
Table 10 Desc ip i e s a is ics o he a iables included in he subs an i e ep esen a ion da ase s (Lau a
Mo ales and Nayla Esc ibano, CSIC)
Va iable
Aus ia
F ance
I aly
Spain*
Uni ed Kingdom
N_ o al_Qs
[240 - 7507]; 3254
[13 - 17762]; 1903
[2 - 6660]; 1463
[8 - 52281]; 3859
[231 - 71244];
13439
N_Qs_WomenDic
[6 - 431]; 105
[1 - 1464]; 149
[1 - 437]; 107
[0 -1777 ]; 122
[3 - 2988]; 518
N_Qs_MenDic
[3 - 167]; 46
[0 - 903]; 88
[0 - 747]; 158
[0 - 746]; 35
[0 - 351]; 61
N_Qs_NonBina yDic
[0 - 0]; 0
[0 - 1]; 0
[0 - 70]; 13
[0 - 1]; 0
[0 - 10]; 1
N_Qs_T ansDic
[0 - 1]; 0
[0 - 16]; 2
[0 - 13]; 2
[0 - 50]; 2
[0 - 67]; 13
N_Qs_LGBTIDic
[0 - 45]; 8
[0 - 96]; 8
[0 - 58]; 17
[0 - 167]; 7
[1 - 218]; 36
N_Qs_You hDic
[9 - 438]; 109
[1 - 3232]; 340
[0 - 1021]; 246
[0 - 1882]; 108
[0 - 4417]; 760
N_Qs_Immig Dic
[0 - 187]; 42
[1 - 1066]; 111
[0 - 487]; 126
[0 - 1241]; 61
[1 - 2425]; 426
N_Qs_Mino i iesDic
[0 - 45]; 16
[0 - 63]; 8
[0 - 60]; 12
[0 - 12]; 2
[0 - 112]; 18
N_Qs_Clima eDic
[10 - 473]; 96
[1 - 2574]; 249
[0 - 2440]; 421
[0 - 1793]; 113
[3 - 4029]; 853
No e: Fo each coun y we show he desc ip i e s a is ics as [minimum alue - maximum alue]; mean
alue. These s a is ics a e calcula ed a he pa y le el o each coun y o he gi en legisla i e e m and
ha e been ounded down o up o he closes in ege alue.
Sou ce: Esc ibano and Mo ales (2024).
* The s a is ics calcula ed o he Spanish w i en ques ions o his e sion e lec he coun s based
exclusi ely on he heading/ i le o he ques ion.
Al hough in e p e a ion o he indings is no he pu pose o his epo and hese will be
examined a leng h in Deli e able 4.2, we can al eady de ec ha some issues elici e y li le
a en ion despi e he e y la ge numbe o ques ions submi ed by legisla o s o hei espec i e
execu i es. This is pa icula ly he case o issues ela ing o LGBTI+ people and conce ns. I one
ocuses on he wi hin-coun y a e age salience o each o he (sub)issues and compa es hem
ac oss he coun y, we can also al eady de ec ele an di e ences. The indings sugges a g ea e
a en ion o you h, women and clima e change issues in Aus ia, F ance, Spain and he Uni ed
Kingdom, bu an appa en g ea e ocus on men's issues in I aly. Ne e heless, he ull analysis
o he da a will be de eloped in a u u e epo (D4.2).

32
5 Conclusions and policy- ele an ecommenda ions
This epo aimed a p esen ing and desc ibing in de ail he app oach, sou ces, me hodology,
challenges and con en s o he da ase s on desc ip i e and subs an i e ep esen a ion p oduced
wi hin WP4 o he Ac EU p ojec . We ha e ou lined he scoping and mapping exe cises
unde aken by he leading eam (Sciences Po / CSIC), he da a collec ed and he main a ibu es
o he con en s o he da ase s. The appendix includes he da a ci a ion and e e ences o he
da ase s gene a ed, as well as o he codebooks and o he documen a ion employed in da a
p oduc ion.
This epo and deli e able was no designed o p oduce policy- ele an ecommenda ions bu ,
when assessing he na u e and quali y o he a ailable da ase s, we can sha e some gene al
ecommenda ions o hose in posi ions o shape policies ega ding pa liamen a y da a.
Fi s , i is clea ha he e is a need o be e da a om o icial pa liamen a y sou ces ha can
be augmen ed and imp o ed by social scien is s and compu a ional linguis s. Al hough some
pa liamen s keep good Open Da a ools ha allow o ela i ely easy and smoo h da a access, i
is mo e o en he case ha na ional pa liamen s do no p o ide Open Da a ools ha a e in line
wi h bes p ac ices and s anda ds. The e is conside able oom o imp o emen in his a ea.
Second, he da a p o ided by pa liamen s on pa liamen a y ac i i ies in Open Da a access is o en
e y agmen a y and some imes incomple e compa ed o in o ma ion ha can be e ie ed
h ough o he means (some imes hei o dina y websi es). The e is a need o se up da a
main enance and cu a ion p ocesses ha a e obus and ensu e quali y checks. This equi es
p ope ly unding Open Da a eams wi hin he IT se ices o he na ional pa liamen s and
in eg a ing he needs o Open Da a sha ing in pa liamen a y p ocedu es. Fo example, he way
ha legisla o s submi documen a ion and ini ia i es should be ully elec onic, such ha
comple e ex s a e a ailable and p ocessed wi h limi ed pos -p ocessing by Open Da a se ices.
Thi d, eliable, comple e high-quali y da a on key socio-demog aphic cha ac e is ics and
iden i ies o Eu opean Pa liamen , na ional and egional legisla o s is lacking. I would be use ul
o bo h anspa ency and be e ep esen a ion o ci izens' expec a ions o p o ide mo e
comp ehensi e biog aphical da a on pa liamen a y websi es. This can be done while espec ing
he igh s o p i acy o legisla o s. Fo example, mo e comp ehensi e biog aphical o ms could
be designed whe e legisla o s can choose which pieces o in o ma ion hey do no wan o sha e,
which ones hey wish o sha e only o esea ch pu poses unde s ic con iden iali y p o ocols,
which ones hey wish o sha e publicly only in anonymised o m o agg ega e analyses and
which ones hey a e happy o sha e publicly wi h no es ic ions.
In his ega d, i would be use ul o DG Resea ch, he Eu opean Pa liamen , Eu os a and o he
ele an bodies a EU le el o os e a wo king g oup b inging oge he he main ERICs ha could
con ibu e o imp o e pa liamen a y da a on bo h legisla o s' biog aphical da a and hei
ep esen a i e ac i i ies (CLARIN, CESSDA and DARIAH), a ange o academic expe s as well as
na ional and (whe e ele an ) egional assemblies. Such a wo king g oup could p o ide good
p ac ice s anda ds on he sha ing o Open Da a abou bo h legisla o s biog aphical de ails as well
as pa liamen a y ac i i ies and he many ex s and ou pu s ha pa liamen s gene a e.
33
Bibliog aphy/Lis o Re e ences
Bedock, Camille, and Sophie Panel. "Concep ions o democ acy, poli ical ep esen a ion and
socio-economic well-being: explaining how F ench ci izens assess he deg ee o democ acy o
hei egime."
F ench Poli ics
15, no. 4 (2017): 389-417.
Ca s ens, Jens. "Unpacking poli ical us : a e iew o concep ualisa ions, de e minan s, and
consequences."
F ench Poli ics
21, no. 3 (2023): 295-314.
Ch is ensen, Hen ik Se up, Jane e Hu unen, Wi Hube , Mikołaj Cześnik, Alexand os-
Ch is os Gko inakos, E ichia Tepe oglou, Jens Ca s ens, Lau a Mo ales, Ca les Pamies, and
Chiao Li. ‘Repo on he Gene al Dynamics o T us Based on Seconda y Da a Analysis’. Zenodo,
25 Sep embe 2024. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13836873
De Ve , Benjamin, and Robin De oe. "Pa y Con ol, In apa y Compe i ion, and he
Subs an i e Focus o Women's Pa liamen a y Ques ions: E idence om Belgium."
Poli ics &
Gende
19, no. 1 (2023): 247-271.
Esc ibano, Nayla, and Lau a Mo ales. ‘Agg ega e Da ase on Subs an i e Rep esen a ion in he
Aus ian, B i ish, F ench, I alian and Spanish Pa liamen s (2013-2024)’. CSIC, 30 Sep embe
2024. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13862300
Gianna, E mela, Ma ilde Ce on, and Zoe Le ko idi. ‘Agg ega e Da ase on Desc ip i e
Rep esen a ion in he Aus ian Pa liamen (2017-2024)’. PLUS, 30 Sep embe 2024.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13861846
Go inakos, Alexand os-Ch is os, and E ichia Tepe oglou. ‘Agg ega e Da ase on Desc ip i e
Rep esen a ion in he Hellenic Pa liamen (2019-2023)’. A is o le Uni e si y o Thessaloniki, 30
Sep embe 2024. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13861613.
Höhmann, Daniel, and Ul ich Siebe e . "Pa liamen a y ques ions as a con ol mechanism in
coali ion go e nmen s."
Wes Eu opean Poli ics
43, no. 1 (2020): 225-249.
Jacobs, Lau a, Ca oline Close, and Jean-Benoi Pile . "The ang y o e ? The ole o emo ions in
o ing o he adical le and igh a he 2019 Belgian elec ions."
In e na ional Poli ical Science
Re iew
(2024): 01925121231224524.
Ma in, Shane, and Oli ie Rozenbe g, eds.
The oles and unc ion o pa liamen a y ques ions
.
Rou ledge, 2014.
Mo ales, Lau a, Nayla Esc ibano, Alexand os-Ch is os Go inakos, Ma ilde Ce on, Zoe
Le ko idi, E ichia Tepe oglou, and Nadine Zwiene -Collins. ‘Da a S uc u e, Codebook and
Dic iona ies o he Subs an i e Rep esen a ion Da ase s o WP4 o he Ac eu P ojec ’. Zenodo,
30 Sep embe 2024. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13850648.
Mo ales, Lau a, and Ca les Pamies. ‘Agg ega e Da ase on Desc ip i e Rep esen a ion in he
F ench Pa liamen (2012-2017)’. CSIC, 30 Sep embe 2024a.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13862044
Mo ales, Lau a, and Ca les Pamies. ‘Agg ega e Da ase on Desc ip i e Rep esen a ion in he
I alian Pa liamen (2013-2018)’. CSIC, 30 Sep embe 2024b.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13862115
34
Mo ales, Lau a, and Ca les Pamies. ‘Agg ega e Da ase on Desc ip i e Rep esen a ion in he
Spanish Pa liamen (2016-2023)’. CSIC, 30 Sep embe 2024c.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13862160
Mo ales, Lau a, and Ca les Pamies. ‘Agg ega e Da ase on Desc ip i e Rep esen a ion in he
B i ish Pa liamen (2015-2019)’. Zenodo, 30 Sep embe 2024d.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13862214
No is, Pippa. "Li e a u e e iew and esea ch pape on measu ing us ." T ueDem p ojec ,
(2023).
Palacios B ihuega, I ene.
Los españoles y la calidad de la democ acia
. Vol. 74. CIS-Cen o de
In es igaciones Sociológicas, 2016.
Pi kin, Hanna F.
The concep o ep esen a ion
. Uni o Cali o nia P ess, 1967.
Randou , F ancois, Oli ie Rozenbe g, Jé émy Dodeigne, and Fe dinand Teube .
"Unde s anding MEPs ( a ying) use o w i en pa liamen a y ques ions: domes ic poli ical
cul u e and MEPs ca ee pa e ns." (2022).
Rozenbe g, Oli ie , and Shane Ma in. "Ques ioning pa liamen a y ques ions." In
The Impac o
Legisla u es
, pp. 446-456. Rou ledge, 2020.
To cal, Ma iano, and Pablo Ch is mann. "Responsi eness, pe o mance and co up ion: Reasons
o he decline o poli ical us ."
F on ie s in Poli ical Science
3 (2021): 676672.
Valga ðsson, Vik o , Will Jennings, Ge y S oke , Hannah Bun ing, Daniel De ine, Law ence
McKay, and And ew Klassen. "A c isis o poli ical us ? Global ends in ins i u ional us om
1958 o 2019."
B i ish Jou nal o Poli ical Science
(2024).
Van de Mee , Tom. W. G., and Pa ick F. A. Van E kel. "Mo ing beyond he poli ical us c isis
deba e: Residual analyses o unde s and ends in poli ical us ."
Eu opean Jou nal o Poli ical
Resea ch
63, no. 3 (2024): 1240-1257.
35
Appendix – Links o codebooks, empla es and o he echnical
documen a ion o he da ase s
This sec ion p o ides he da a ci a ions and links o all he ele an documen s used o
gene a e he da ase s on desc ip i e and subs an i e ep esen a ion o WP4 o he Ac EU
p ojec .
A.1 Codebooks and empla es used o he desc ip i e ep esen a ion da ase s
Codebook o he Pa hways p ojec : Mo ales, Lau a; Vin ila, Daniela; Geese, Lucas; Mügge, Liza;
an de Pas, Daphne; an de Wa d , Ma c, 2017, "Codebook and da a collec ion guidelines o
wo k package 1 on desc ip i e poli ical ep esen a ion in na ional pa liamen s o he p ojec
Pa hways o Powe ", h ps://doi.o g/10.7910/DVN/MRKJJF, Ha a d Da a e se, V1.
Codebook o he Inclusi ePa l p ojec o LGBTI+ a iables: Vincen -Mo y, Clai e; Mo ales,
Lau a, 2024, "Codebook and Da a Collec ion Guidelines o he P ojec Inclusi ePa l on he
Desc ip i e Rep esen a ion o LGBTI+ Indi iduals", h ps://doi.o g/10.7910/DVN/HBKBMO,
Ha a d Da a e se, V1.
Vin ila, Daniela, Lau a Mo ales, and Clai e Vincen -Mo y. ‘Excel Da a Collec ion Templa e on
Desc ip i e Poli ical Rep esen a ion in Na ional Pa liamen s o he P ojec s Pa hways o Powe
and Inclusi epa l Adap ed o he Ac eu P ojec ’. Sciences Po, 30 Sep embe 2024.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13859869
Mo ales, Lau a. ‘Excel Templa e o he Agg ega e Da abase on Desc ip i e Rep esen a ion o
he Ac eu P ojec ’. CSIC, 30 Sep embe 2024. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13861463
A.2 Codebooks and empla es used o he subs an i e ep esen a ion da ase s
Mo ales, Lau a, Nayla Esc ibano, Alexand os-Ch is os Go inakos, Ma ilde Ce on, Zoe
Le ko idi, E ichia Tepe oglou, and Nadine Zwiene -Collins. ‘Da a S uc u e, Codebook and
Dic iona ies o he Subs an i e Rep esen a ion Da ase s o WP4 o he Ac EU P ojec ’. CSIC,
30 Sep embe 2024. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13850648
Esc ibano, Nayla, and Lau a Mo ales. ‘Agg ega e Da ase on Subs an i e Rep esen a ion in he
Aus ian, B i ish, F ench, I alian and Spanish Pa liamen s (2013-2024)’. CSIC, 30 Sep embe
2024. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.13862300
36
A.3 Lis o keywo ds in English used o he subs an i e ep esen a ion da ase s
Table 11 Desc ip ion o he a iables included in he desc ip i e ep esen a ion da ase (Lau a Mo ales and Nayla Esc ibano, CSIC)
WOMEN'S
ISSUES
DICTIONARY
MEN'S
ISSUES
DICTIONAR
Y
TRANS
ISSUES
DICTIONARY
NON BINARY
ISSUES
DICTIONARY
LGBTI+ ISSUES
DICTIONARY
YOUTH
ISSUES
DICTIONAR
Y
IMMIGRATION
ISSUES
DICTIONARY
MINORITY
ISSUES
DICTIONARY
CLIMATE
CHANGE ISSUES
DICTIONARY
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
Woman
Man
T ans pe son
Non-bina y
LGB / LGBT / LGBTI /
LGBTQ / LGBTQ+ /
LGBTQIA+ / ...
You h
Immig a ion
E hnic
mino i y
IPCC
Gi l
Boy
T ans woman
And ogyny
Come ou
Young
Immig an
Islamophobia
g eenhouse gas
Feminine
Masculine
T ans man
And ogynous
Ou ing
Mino
Mig a ion
Islamophobic
an h opogenic
emissions
Feminini y
Masculini y
T ansgende
Two-spi i
Rainbow lag
Adolescen
Mig an
An isemi ism
gas emission
Childca e
Manhood
T anssexual
Gende - luid
P ide mon h
Adolescence
Re ugee
An isemi ic
emi gases
Pa en ing
Fa he
Gende
ansi ion
Fluid sexuali y
P ide pa ade
Teenage
Asylum
Racism
wea he
Mo he
Pa e ni y
Gende
ecogni ion
Bigende
Ma ginalized o ien a ion
Gi l
Xenophobia
Racis
clima e
Ma e ni y
Pa e nal
Gende sel -
iden i ica ion
Gende non-
con o ming
Gende iden i y
Boy
Xenophobic
Mul icul u alis
m
clima ic

37
Ma e nal
Pa en al
lea e
Gende
exp ession
Gende
ques ioning
Sexual iden i y
Child
Family
euni ica ion
Mul icul u al
ecosys em
Pa en al lea e
Violence
agains men
Sex
eassignmen
Sexual o ien a ion
Kid
Reuni e amilies
Diaspo a
en i onmen
Abo ion
Disc imina io
n agains
men
Gende
eassignmen
Sexual p e e ence
Childhood
Se lemen
en i onmen al
Abo
Single a he
Ho mone
eplacemen
same-sex
In ancy
Se le down
biodi e si y
P egnancy
Misand y
T ansphobia
Homosexual
In an ile
Remi ances
empe a u e
P egnan
T ansphobic
Homosexuali y
Age o
consen
wa ming
Violence
agains women
T ansmisogy
ny
He e osexual
Gen-Z
hea wa e
Male iolence
T ansmisogy
nis
He e osexuali y
Ju enile
d ough
Sexual
ha assmen
TERF
Lesbian
New
gene a ion
wild i e
Gende
iolence
Misgende ing
Lesbianism
lood
Gende -based
iolence
Misgende
Bisexual
glacie
Domes ic
iolence
Gende -
a i ming
Bisexuali y
glacial
Family
iolence
Gende -
neu al
Pansexual
ood secu i y
38
Domes ic abuse
Gende
neu ali y
Pansexuali y
ood insecu i y
Spousal abuse
Inclusi e
language
Omnisexual
wa e secu i y
Rape
Omnisexuali y
wa e insecu i y
Sexual abuse
Asexual
wa e a ailabili y
S alking
Asexuali y
a ailable wa e
S alk
He e o lexible
ocean acidi ica ion
S ee
ha assmen
He e o lexibili y
coas al damage
Femicide
Homo lexible
a o es a ion
Female geni al
mu ila ion
Homo lexibili y
de o es a ion
Feminism
Quee
acidic ain
Feminis
Gende quee
CO2
Sexism
Homophobic
ca bon dioxide
Sexis
Homophobia
habi a des uc ion
39
Misogyny
Lesbophobic
emission a ge
Misogynis
Lesbophobia
ca bon neu al
Pa ia chy
Biphobic
ca bon neu ali y
Pa ia chal
Biphobia
wa e sca ci y
Gende
equali y
Quee phobic
wa e s ess
Gende balance
Quee phobia
ca bon oo p in
Gende pa i y
enewable ene gy
Gende pay gap
na u al disas e
Gende gap
sus ainabili y
Gende
dispa i y
sus ainable
Gende
inequali y
ocean le el
Gende
imbalance
sea le el
Gende
disc imina ion
ice mel ing
40
Sex
disc imina ion
Glass ceiling
Rep oduc i e
igh s
Rep oduc i e
heal h
Mens ual
Mens ua ion
Pos pa um
Childbi h
Gi e bi h
Con acep ion
Con acep i e
Bi h con ol