666
The biogeog aphic basis o Ebola- i us disease ou b eaks: A model o o he zoono ic
diseases?
Raimundo Real1, Jesús Oli e o1, John E. Fa2, 3, Miguel A. Fa án1, Ana L. Má quez1, Juan M. Va gas1, Robe Nasi3
1. Uni e sidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
2. Di ision o Biology and Conse a ion Ecology, Manches e Me opoli an Uni e si y, Manches e , Uni ed Kingdom
3. CIFOR Headqua e s, Cen e o In e na ional Fo es y Resea ch, Bogo , Indonesia
We i s de e mined he di e en ial ole o a o abili y o en i onmen al condi ions and mammalian cho o ypes in explaining he
p esence o he Ebola i us in A ica. We hen combined en i onmen al ac o s and cho o ypes using uzzy logic, which be e
explained he dis ibu ion o Ebola i us. The co e a ea o he i us was associa ed wi h human in ec ions o known animal o igin,
wi h in ec ions o unknown sou ce de ec ed in a eas ha a e biogeog aphically mo e pe iphe al. Va ia ion in he en i onmen al
a o abili y o disease ou b eaks may be moni o ed using indices o mac oclima ic oscilla ions. This may p o ide he basis o
an ea ly wa ning sys em based on he a ia ion in mac oclima ic indices and he loca ions whe e human con ac wi h mul iple
animal species end o occu . We p opose o s udy he biogeog aphy o zoonoses by: 1) de e mining he po en ial spa ial
dis ibu ion o hese diseases, acco ding o en i onmen al ac o s and he biogeog aphic s uc u e o animals linked o he
zoonosis cycle; 2) sea ch o ela ionships be ween disease ou b eaks and global a mosphe ic oscilla ions o o ecas pe iods o
highe isk o eme gence o he in ec ious diseases.
667
A e we eaching he end o he axonomy o mammals? A case om he e ision o a mos
common and dominan wild a species complex in China (Roden ia, Mu inae)
Deyan Ge1, Lin Xia1, Liang Lu2, Jilong Cheng1, Zhixin Wen1, Qisen Yang1
1. Key Labo a o y o Zoological Sys ema ics and E olu ion, Ins i u e o Zoology, Chinese Academy o Sciences, Chaoyang
Dis ic , Beijing, China
2. S a e Key Labo a o y o In ec ious Diseases P e en ion and Con ol, Na ional Ins i u e o Communicable Disease Con ol
and P e en ion, Chinese Cen e o Disease Con ol and P e en ion, Beijing, China
Mammals ep esen one o he bes s udied g oup o animals in he wo ld; howe e , he axonomy o se e al small-sized axa
emains lagging behind, pa icula ly in egions ha a e sho o ex ensi e explo a ion and sys ema ic e isions. I is wo ying ha
he eam o axonomis s la gely sh anked in ecen yea s e en hough he e a e a la ge numbe o axa emaining poo ly explo ed
and uns udied. We p esen one example o he necessi y o a comp ehensi e e ision on hese animals. The N. con ucianus
species complex (NCSC) is one o he mos common and dominan , bu axonomically ambiguous, small mammal axa in
sou heas Asia and China. Mo e han 20 species o subspecies had been desc ibed in his o ical li e a u e. Based on ex ensi e
sampling and in eg a ing in o ma ion om molecula da a and mo phological da a, we e i ied hei dis ibu ion ange and es ed
he gene ic di e gence, mo phological di e en ia ion among di e en species, and subspecies. Dis ibu ion o molecula ouche
specimens e ealed p e ious s udies la gely o e es ima ed he dis ibu ion o N. con ucianus wi h a la ge numbe o
misiden i ica ions in he li e a u e and museum collec ions. Mo phological analysis demons a ed signi ican di e gence amongs
gene ic clades and geog aphical popula ions, highligh ing quick di e si ica ion o hese axa. Taxonomic e ision modi ied he
species s a us o se e al axa and es ablished wo new species om Tibe and China.
668
Indi idual iden i y in hind and cal con ac calls o Sibe ian wapi i Ce us elaphus sibi icus
du ing sepa a ion
Olga V. Sibi yako a1, Ilya A. Volodin1, Elena V. Volodina2
1. Facul y o Biology, Lomonoso Moscow S a e Uni e si y, Moscow, Russia
2. Scien i ic Resea ch Depa men , Moscow Zoo, Moscow, Russia
Mo he -o sp ing ocal ecogni ion is c i ically impo an o su i al o he young o many mammal axa. Vocal iden i y in con ac
calls acili a es mo he s-o sp ing eunions and p e en s allosuckling. Hind and cal calls encode iden i y in many ce ids, bu
no Sibe ian wapi i, Ce us elaphus sibi icus, an impo an animal a med o el e an le s, his in o ma ion is lacking. Con ac
calls o mo he s and 5-6 mon h old o sp ing we e collec ed on he a m du ing 5 days a e sepa a ion o win e keeping in
Decembe 2015. We eco ded and analysed 134 o al (open-mou h) calls om 9 hinds (14-15 pe indi idual) and 129 o al calls
om 9 cal es (10-15 pe indi idual). The maximum undamen al equency o hind calls (1.44±0.25 kHz) was as high as in cal
calls (1.46±0.24 kHz; F1,16=0.04, p=0.85). Vocal iden i y was well exp essed in bo h hinds and cal es; disc iminan analysis based
on 11 acous ic a iables accu a ely classi ied indi iduals in 92.5% hind calls and 96.9% cal calls (chi-squa e es , p=0.19).
Va iables con ibu ing mos o ocal indi iduali y (du a ion, s a and maximum undamen al equency) we e he same in hind
and cal calls. Dis inc i e o Sibe ian wapi i, in Ibe ian ed dee C. e. hispanicus, he maximum undamen al equency o hind
calls (0.21±0.04 kHz) was signi ican ly lowe han in 4-mon h-old cal es (0.57±0.05 kHz). In Sibe ian wapi i hinds and cal es,
ocal indi iduali y exceeded hose o Ibe ian ed dee hinds (77.0% calls o 22 mo he s) and cal es (61.1% calls o 17 young).
We discuss he ole o indi iduali y and di e ences in con ac calls ac oss subspecies o ed dee . Suppo ed by RSF, g an 14-
14-00237.