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PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Nea Ze o Consump ion Building as an U ban
Acupunc u e o a Ve ical Slum. A Case S udy in
he Ci y o Malaga, Spain
To ci e his a icle: Ca los Rosa-Jiménez
e al
2017
IOP Con . Se .: Ma e . Sci. Eng.
245 052028
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LOCALIZATION AND BROADBAND
FOLLOW-UP OF THE GRAVITATIONAL-
WAVE TRANSIENT GW150914
B. P. Abbo , R. Abbo , T. D. Abbo e al.
-
A ching in con ined d y g anula ma e ials
R. Pe al a-Fabi, C. Málaga and R.
Rech man
-
SUPPLEMENT: “LOCALIZATION AND
BROADBAND FOLLOW-UP OF THE
GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE TRANSIENT
GW150914” (2016, ApJL, 826, L13)
B. P. Abbo , R. Abbo , T. D. Abbo e al.
-
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Nea Ze o Consump ion Building as an U ban Acupunc u e
o a Ve ical Slum. A Case S udy in he Ci y o Malaga,
Spain
Ca los Rosa-Jiménez 1, Nu ia Nebo 1*, Albe o Ga cía Mo eno 1, Ma ía José
Má quez Balles e os1
1 Habi a -Tou ism-Te i o y Ins i u e, Uni e sidad de Málaga, Edi icio Ada By on,
Campus de Tea inos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
[email p o ec ed]
Abs ac . A e ical slum is de ined as a socially ulne able communi y in a building,
wi h se ious p oblems o unc ionali y, sa e y and habi abili y. I is ela ed o an
impo an le el o physical deg ada ion, and a p eca ious socioeconomic si ua ion o
i s occupan s. Thei inabili y o c ea e a eal communi y o p ope and manda o y
main enance inc eases he physical de e io a ion o he building. The abandonmen o
he o iginal owne s o he houses can cause a sys em o illegal occupa ion and illegal
ac i i ies, and ice e sa. In many cases, he new occupan s a e p ima ily in e es ed in
main aining he building in a s a e o p eca iousness in o de o a oid any a emp o
eno a ion by adminis a ions. These secu i y and habi abili y p oblems o en ex end
ou side he building and hey a ec a whole communi y o neighbou s wi hin he
neighbou hood who eel h ea ened and insecu e, causing hei ejec ion and a s ong
social seg ega ion in he a ea. This a icle wan s o show some o he esul s om a esea ch
wo k de eloped on a case s udy o e ical slum in he ci y o Malaga, in Spain. In his con ex
o ma ginali y p e iously desc ibed, he esea ch p ojec explo es di e en al e na i es o he
eno a ion o a building, i s ulne able communi y and he neighbou hood in which i is
inse ed. The p ojec es ablishes ou majo objec i es: (a) a physical eno a ion o he
building, (b) social ans o ma ion in a disad an aged en i onmen , (c) unc ional e olu ion-
om a esiden ial model o a new hyb id model wi h a mixed supply o social se ices, and (d)
he inco po a ion o new pa ame e s o en i onmen al sus ainabili y ha imp o e he ene ge ic
beha iou o he building ( ans o ming i in o a building o almos ze o consump ion).
The esea ch closes wi h a se ies o s a egies and esul s o he case s udy. Howe e , he main
con ibu ion o he wo k is ela ed o he esea ch me hodology ha has been de eloped. This
is s uc u ed acco ding o he ou p inciples o in eg a ed u ban eno a ion, based on a
physical, social, economic and en i onmen al pe spec i e. This me hodology and esul s ha e
been explained so ha hey can be ans e ed o o he a eas and expe ience o u ban ecycling
in ulne able social en i onmen s.
1. In oduc ion
A e almos a decade o economic ecession in he in e na ional sphe e, and wi h p o ound
consequences in he Spanish economy and socie y, he need o ex ensi e g ow h o ci ies has been
ques ioned. Spain has one o he la ges housing es a es among all he coun ies o no he n Eu ope, as
shown by Rod íguez Alonso [1]. Howe e , only 70% o he homes a e occupied and one hi d o he
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houses a e unde u ilized. The in ense cons uc ion o he las yea s be o e he c isis, he c ea ion o
in as uc u es and he excessi e g ow h o ci ies has led o consuming much mo e land han i is
necessa y in ou coun y. Re lec ion on models o he ci ies is absolu ely necessa y.
In ecen yea s, new conce ns ha e a isen a ound he exis ing ci y which su e s om some speci ic
p oblems. Ciudad i a.o g pla o m has published se e al esea ch wo ks on he concep o inne ci y
g ow h and he challenge o u ban obsolescence in he con empo a y ci y. I is necessa y o a end o
a eas wi h physical p oblems (inadequa e a chi ec u al ypes, poo echnical equipmen , physical
de e io a ion), u ban p oblems (isola ion o slums, unc ional de iciencies, deg ada ion o public space
and he u ban landscape), and hose ela ed o he i age and social condi ions (educa ional
disad an ages, seg ega ion, insecu i y and o he con lic s), [2].
Ma ín - Consueg a, Alonso and F u os [3] ocus on he concep o in eg a ed u ban egene a ion
based on a ans e se app oach in e ms o en i onmen al, social and economic in eg a ion, as shown
in he Decla a ion o Toledo documen (adop ed in June 2010). I add esses u ban challenges om he
con ex o he economic c isis in Eu ope and in line wi h he objec i es o he Eu opean 2020 s a egy.
F om he en i onmen al poin o iew, some a ge s o he educ ion o gas emissions a e es ablished.
These a e ocused on he ields o anspo , ene gy e iciency in buildings, managemen o ene gy
lows, consump ion a he local le el, ecycling o soil o p o ec ion o na u al esou ces. F om he
social poin o iew, a en ion is ocused on he p oblems o employmen , school d op-ou o po e y
ha a ec a la ge pa o he popula ion, and he impo ance o inco po a ing policies ha gua an ee
access o decen and a o dable housing. F om he economic poin o iew, he I+D+i and employmen
boos become key aspec s o he egene a ion o he economy. The a chi ec u al and u ban eno a ion
a e indica ed as a eas o wo k and oppo uni y whe e he public space acqui es a undamen al ole as
place o encoun e s and ela ionships be ween people.
Based on his holis ic and in eg a ed app oach, u ban egene a ion p ojec s equi e he collabo a i e
wo k o di e en p o essionals such as a chi ec s, enginee s, economis s and social p o essionals [4],
as well as he elabo a ion o in eg a i e me hodologies o all he disciplines in ol ed, adminis a ions
and agen s. The concep o go e nance acqui es a special impo ance in egene a ion u ban p ocesses,
conside ed as a necessa y ins umen o he in e ac ion be ween adminis a ions among hemsel es
and wi h p i a e ins i u ions and ini ia i es.
The Special Plan o he Reno a ion o La Mina neighbou hood in Ba celona (Na ional U banism
Awa d 2006 g an ed by he Minis y o Housing o he Go e nmen o Spain) is a benchma k wi hin
he policies o u ban eno a ion in Spain [5]. The ans o ma ion p ocess ca ied ou in he
neighbou hood includes di e en pe spec i es and complemen a y ac ions. On he one hand, i
includes he eno a ion o he exis ing building and egene a ion o he public space. On he o he
hand, his eno a ion is accompanied by a ans o ma ion o new uses, acili ies and a comple e
p og am o social ac ions, which ensu e he success o physical and in as uc u al in es men s. I
could be said ha he cen e o he con lic in he neighbou hood was clea ly social, beyond u ban
p oblems. Fo his eason, he esea ch enhances he impo ance o social p ojec in he p ocess o
u ban egene a ion. In he wo ds o López de Lucio [6], his is an au hen ic "complex ac ion" ini ia i e
on he consolida ed ci y ha su passes simplis ic app oaches based on açades and pa emen
eno a ion.
Some o he key aspec s al eady ad anced in he Ca alan p ojec a ec he need o p omo e social
di e si y wi hin he local communi y, ying o elimina e he ghe o o social seg ega ion ha un il now
p e ailed in he neighbou hood. Jane Jacobs in he book “Dea h and Li e o he G ea Ame ican
Ci ies” [7] o e s some clues o os e his di e si y, including a mix o uses and basic unc ions in he
neighbou hoods. Hyb id models ha e been used in u ban egene a ion p ojec s as a esou ce o
p omo e he compac ci y, as well as a s a egy o an ac i e and di e se li e in u ban a ea. The p ojec
o he De Rokade owe and he esidence Maa ensho esponds o he p og am "The in ense Ci y"
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launched by he Municipal Council o G oningen o inc ease he densi y in he dis ic s o he ci y
cen e [8]. The p ojec consis s o a nu sing home (ge ia ic esidence, p o ec ed en al apa men s and
a nu se y) and an apa men owe o elde ly people. In his way, he mix o di e en uses and
p og ams in he same building allows o mee di e se needs, social and housing demands.
The p oposed case s udy is a communi y o neighbou s wi hin a building wi h se ious p oblems o
unc ionali y, secu i y and habi abili y. As in he case o he Ba celona p ojec , beyond he
a chi ec u al p oblem o physical deg ada ion, he cen e o he con lic in he building is a social
p oblem, wi h a e y p eca ious socioeconomic si ua ion o i s occupan s, exace ba ed by a se ies o
illegal p ac ices and occupa ion o he building. Thei inabili y o c ea e a communi y o p ope and
manda o y main enance inc eases he building’s physical de e io a ion. The abandonmen o he
o iginal owne s gi es way o a sys em o illegal occupa ion and illegal ac i i ies, and ice e sa. In
many cases, he new occupan s a e p ima ily in e es ed in main aining he building in a s a e o
p eca iousness, hus cancelling any a emp o i s eno a ion by adminis a ions. These p oblems o
secu i y and habi abili y ex end, in many cases, ou side he building, and a ec a whole communi y o
neighbou s, wi hin he neighbou hood, who eel h ea ened and insecu e, p o oking hei ejec ion o
he building en i onmen and a s ong social seg ega ion.
2. Case s udy. Resea ch’s backg ound
Málaga Ci y Council is ca ying ou a comp ehensi e housing eno a ion p ojec in he La Palma-
Palmilla neighbou hood, one o he mos disad an aged a eas in he ci y o Málaga, wi h p oblems o
social cohesion, delinquency and a high pe cen age o school ailu e among he younge people [9].
The building is loca ed in his neighbou hood, al hough i o e s a e y di e en ia ed si ua ion wi h
espec o he o he blocks o he en i onmen , due o i s se ious physical de e io a ion and i s basic
acili ies, caused, among o he s, by he socio-economic p oblems o i s owne s and occupan s.
One o he bigges p oblems o he building, wi h 53 houses dis ibu ed in 13 loo s, is he lack o
uni e sal accessibili y. Since 1990, he e is no ele a o , and al hough he e was an a emp o ins all
one, i only wo ked o a sho pe iod o ime, becoming a e ha , a hollow o he accumula ion o
ga bage, wi h he consequen sani a y isk. The collec ion o ubbish and u ni u e used in he common
a eas is also a isk ac o agains i e, and speci ically in 2004 he e was a i e ha caused se ious
bu ns o a enan . In 2007, due o he in e en ion o he municipal adminis a ion, he oom o
elec ici y me e s had been epai ed, which had bu ned down yea s ago, causing a lack o elec ici y
supply in he building since 2005.
This building o la s was p omo ed by he old Na ional Housing Ins i u e; he enan s o housing
would be he owne s o hese when inishing he o al paymen . In 2008, only a small p opo ion o he
occupan s we e he owne s o he la s, due o he majo i y o he o iginal con ac o s had le he
building because o he deplo able condi ions in which i was loca ed. The esul o his has been he
p oli e a ion o i egula occupa ions o he houses and illegal ac i i ies. This si ua ion o un egula ed
occupa ions and illegal en s makes di icul o e en impossible he eno a ion wo ks ha a e
necessa y o ensu e he habi abili y condi ions o he building.
Fo all his, in 2008, he Minis y o Housing and Te i o ial Planning o he Andalusian
Go e nmen s a ed he exp op ia ion p ocess o he p ope y, exis ing he cause o public u ili y o
social in e es , acco ding o Law 13/2005 o 11 Measu es o P o ec ed Housing and Land. In May
2009, he eno a ion o building s a ed by he neighbou s hemsel es; a ew mon hs la e , a
communi y o owne s was es ablished, ixing expenses o 10 eu os pe mon h, which in mos cases, is
no e en possible o pay. The building has s ill se ious p oblems o habi abili y, bo h in he common
a eas as in mos o he houses.
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In 2010, a new app oach was p oposed h ough he P ojec called “Hoga P ojec ”, based on he
Pa icipa o y Ac ion Resea ch model, wi h he in en ion o esuming, s eamlining and esol ing mos
o he con lic s ha he neighbou s o hese neighbou hoods su e om: economic ac o s, social
issues and exclusion. The main objec i e o his plan is o de elop an In eg al Plan o he a ea Palma-
Palmilla ha is managed by he neighbou s. I should include all he necessa y ac ions o ans o m
he li e o he neighbou hoods and imp o e he condi ions in which hey li e.
Howe e , he special condi ions o he building equi e, wi hin he amewo k o he “Home
P ojec ”, he de elopmen o a managemen model wi h he in e en ion o he public adminis a ion.
In his sense, he ins i u e Habi a , Tou ism and Te i o y om he Uni e si y o Malaga has
p e iously in es iga ed new managemen models, ocusing on he eno a ions o he neighbou hoods
based on he p o ision o housing se ices. The idea o hese housing se ices is o pay o hem unde
a common p ope y o public owne ship egime. These condi ions a e e y di e en om adi ional
eno a ion based exclusi ely on he di ec subsidy o he se ices by he adminis a ion. The ins i u e's
p e ious esea ch is o ien ed o he de elopmen o new models in which he owne s a e esponsible
o main enance and imp o emen o hei acili ies. One o he main p oblems o he building is
ela ed o he incapaci y o i s communi y o main ain, upda e and manage he building in minimum
condi ions o habi abili y and secu i y.
3. Objec i es and me hodology
In his con ex o ma ginali y p e iously desc ibed in he exis ing building, and ying o p omo e an
u ban and social egene a ion in he whole neighbou hood, he esea ch wo k es ablishes, as i s main
objec i e, o explo e di e en al e na i es o he eno a ion o he building and he a ea in which i is
loca ed. Speci ically, he ollowing speci ic objec i es a e es ablished:
 analysis o u ban, a chi ec u al and social condi ions,
 app oach o a hyb id model o he p o ision o social and housing se ices, and
 o ad ance a se ies o physical, social and en i onmen al egene a ion guidelines.
The esea ch is buil a ound 4 complemen a y lines o wo k based on he idea o in eg a ed
egene a ion: physical eno a ion o he building, social ans o ma ion o a clea ly disad an aged
en i onmen , unc ional e olu ion - om a esiden ial model o new hyb id models wi h a mixed
supply o social and housing se ices-, and he inco po a ion o new pa ame e s o en i onmen al
sus ainabili y ha imp o e he ene gy pe o mance o he building. The p ojec closes wi h a se ies o
s a egies and esul s o he case s udy. Howe e , he main con ibu ion o he wo k is ela ed o he
esea ch me hodology ha has been de eloped. This is based on a igo ous basic esea ch and an
in eg a ed app oach om he u ban, a chi ec u al and social in i s di e en phases:
 1s phase: P e ious s udies: u ban, a chi ec u al and social analysis.
 2nd phase: App oach o di e en hyb id models in he building o he p o ision o social
se ices, acili ies and housing se ices.
 3 d phase: Guidelines and s a egies o In eg a ed Regene a ion.
4. Resul s. Phases and discussion
4.1 P elimina y s udies: u ban, a chi ec u al and social analysis
Al hough he s udy ocuses on a speci ic building, i is necessa y o s udy he social needs o he a ea
in which i is loca ed, o o e a se ies o se ices ha imp o e he quali y o he neighbou hood. The
h ee baseline s udies a e de ined as ollows:
4.1.1 U ban S udies
They include, in addi ion o a con en ional u ban planning in o ma ion, an en i onmen al assessmen
o he neighbou hood based on he me hodology de eloped in he esea ch p ojec "Ca e e a de Cadiz
neighbou hoods in Malaga: owa ds a sus ainable model o u ban and a chi ec u al in eg a ed

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eno a ion" [10]. In his me hodology, a se ies o sus ainabili y indica o s we e used and adap ed om
he analy ical app oaches o he p ojec "Eco ci y and i s manual o he design o eco-ci ies in Eu ope"
[11] and he design c i e ia o sus ainable esiden ial a eas o Lopez de Lucio [12]. These u ban
s udies ca y ou a diagnosis in which i is highligh ed a low quali y o he exis ing public space, a lack
o ela ionships o neighbou s, he need o educe mo o ized a ic and o p omo e pedes ian a eas in
he neighbou hood.
4.1.2 A chi ec u al Technical S udies
These include he cu en s a e o he building, i s s uc u al secu i y, he mal and acous ic condi ions,
he s a e o i s açades and oo s, accessibili y and s a e o common a eas. They also include a s udy o
sola condi ions, which allows, in case o u u e eno a ion, o imp o e i s ene gy pe o mance. The
echnical s udies close wi h a diagnosis abou he lack o sani a y condi ions, sa e y and he se ious
de iciencies in he li ing condi ions o he building. I p esen s con inuous damages in common a eas,
illegal hooks o he supplies wi h si ua ions o se ious isk, houses in bad s a e, needs o eno a ion,
and a lack o cleaning and hygiene ha p oduces unheal hy si ua ions. All his, in addi ion wi h socio-
economic si ua ion o i s occupan s, caused a pa icula ly ulne able building. The eno a ion o he
building mus be accompanied by a o mula ha gua an ees he adequa e and compulso y main enance
o he building.
4. 1.3 Social S udies
These s udies include an app oxima ion o he social si ua ion o he occupan s o he building, and a
he same ime, o he demands o se ices and needs o he neighbou s o he whole a ea o Palma-
Palmilla. Two s udies a e de eloped: (a) an analysis o he da a and documen a ion p o ided by he
Municipal Housing Ins i u e, and (b) a se ies o s uc u ed in e iews wi h he mos ep esen a i e
public and social agen s. These wo s udies d aw some conclusions conce ning he occupan s o he
building, such as he lack o oo s, hei p eca ious socioeconomic si ua ion, a si ua ion o illegal
occupa ion o he houses (con olled by a g oup o gypsy amilies), he lack o ela ionships among he
di e en cul u es and aces (“payos”, gypsies, and di e en na ionali ies).
In he neighbou hood scale, a diagnosis ha has been made shows he impo an and nega i e
pe cep ion ha Palma-Palmilla’s communi y has owa ds his building, a symbol o social ma ginali y
in he whole a ea. The e o e, a e he public adminis a ion has in e ened se e al imes o eno a e
he building and ail o achie e an adequa e and necessa y u he main enance, i should be
con enien he sea ch o a model o al e na i e uses o he building ha does no pe pe ua e he
cu en delica e si ua ion. Likewise, legal and housing needs o occupan s should be co e ed.
4.2 App oach o di e en hyb id models in he building o he p o ision o social se ices, acili ies
and housing se ices.
The p ojec p oposes he ans o ma ion o he esiden ial building in o a hyb id building based on he
mix o uses: public spaces, housing, wo k, leisu e and cul u al ac i i ies. The hyb idiza ion o di e en
ac i i ies o unc ions is a sys em in which he a ious uses a e ed back o he in e connec ion
be ween hem. I is a highly ecommended solu ion in dense en i onmen s and wi h limi a ions o he
occupa ion o he land, o i s e i alizing unc ions. A hyb id building is cha ac e ized by he mix u e
o di e en p og ams, p omo e s, managemen s and, o cou se, di e en p o iles o use s. A hyb id
can be jus as di e se as a neighbou hood o ci y a he le el o p og ams, usage imes, hy hms, ypes
o use s, e c.
Wi h he aim o explo ing a new model o al e na i e uses, a s udy is ca ied ou o iden i y he
demands and social needs o he esiden s o La Palma-Palmilla a ea. F om his in o ma ion, a
p oposal o wo al e na i e p og ams (di e en social se ices and housing se ices) has been made,
bo h in compliance wi h he es ic ions con ained in he Gene al U ban Planning Plan and sec o al
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egula ions. The esul o his s udy enhances he need o housing se ices and, as well as a social
eno a ion p ojec .
The housing se ices ha e adi ionally been o e ed by he adminis a ion h ough he public en al
housing, especially o hose wi h less economic esou ces. This p ojec inco po a es he es ablishmen
o mic o-communi ies o sel -managemen unde he supe ision o he local adminis a ion. This
allows inco po a ing a se ies o social bene i s acco ding o he deg ee o need and in eg a ion ha he
esiden s wish o es ablish. In ulne able social en i onmen s, he mic o-communi ies can be c ea ed
bo om-up o o ganized in a u o ed way a ound g oups o in e es s o social needs, as is he case o
shel e ed housing, wi h ex e nal echnical suppo .
In speci ic e ms, i is p oposed o eplace he cu en ailed model o p i a e housing o inco po a e
a model o housing se ices, om an op ional day cen e, shel e ed housing o elde ly people,
esidence, empo a y housing and en managed by he ci y council as gua an o o he la e manda o y
main enance o he building (wi h he possibili y o inco po a ing NGOs and o he membe s o he
dis ic communi y). See igu e 1.
Figu e 1. Scheme o he model o p o ision o housing se ices
In ela ion wi h he idea o inco po a ing a model o social eno a ion, he p ojec should acili a e he
c ea ion o a sys em o social-based en e p ises o coope a i es ha os e s en ep eneu ship and
pa icipa e ac i ely in he eno a ion and main enance o he neighbou hood i sel . See igu e 2.
4.3 Guidance and s a egies o In eg a ed Regene a ion
A se ies o s a egies a e p oposed wi h he aim o ans o ming he image o he building and make i
a new iden i y elemen in he neighbou hood. The s a ing poin o his eno a ion p ocess is he
ans o ma ion o uses: om he esiden ial use o p i a e homes o a new hyb id model ha combines
public - sociocul u al and p oduc i e uses - and housing in di e en modali ies ( he a ious housing
se ices).
The p ocess o ans o ma ion is conduc ed in a holis ic and in eg a ed way, a ending no only o i s
unc ional cha ac e , bu also o o he aspec s ha will ein o ce he new iden i y o he building, i s
physical and social eno a ion. This physical eno a ion will con ibu e o change i s image and, a he
same ime, will allow he de elopmen o s a egies o he imp o emen o he ene gy pe o mance o
he building. S a egies a e g ouped in o h ee blocks.
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Figu e 2. Scheme o social eno a ion p ojec
4.3.1. Physical ans o ma ion o he building
Some o he p oposed s a egies include he c ea ion o ex e io spaces in di e en loo s o he
building as new public spaces o “squa es in heigh ” wi hin he building. This s a egy would
ans o m he cu en image o he building h ough small demoli ions and o ganize new se ices and
acili ies a ound hem. Ano he s a egy is o pa ially lea e he g ound loo opened o he public
space in o de o enhance he ela ionship be ween he building and he ou e space o he
neighbou hood. The public space a ound he a ea becomes a new space o oppo uni y and cen ali y
wi hin he neighbou hood.
4.3.2. T ans o ma ion o building uses (and social ans o ma ion)
New public uses a e p oposed o he neighbou hood wi h esiden ial accommoda ion and communi y
acili ies. A hyb id p og am p oposal as a s ep p io o he speci ic de ini ion o he p og am by he
adminis a ions and social se ices. The inco po a ion o he new uses equi es he adap a ion o he
building o he sec o ial egula ion o each o he new se ices as he inclusion o a new nucleus o
communica ions and adap a ion o he exis ing one. The a icula ion o hese new se ices o
communi y acili ies and esiden ial uses is made a ound he ex e io spaces in he di e en le els,
p omo ing he ela ionship be ween di e en ypes o occupan s. The deck plan also becomes a new
place o mee ings and place o he use o esiden s.
4.3.3. S a egies o imp o ing he ene gy pe o mance o he building
I is necessa y o minimize he ene gy demand o achie ing a building o almos ze o consump ion,
and a he same ime, o maximize ene gy p oduc ion wi h enewable sou ces. The s a egies include
he inco po a ion o passi e sys ems, such as he o ien a ion and dis ibu ion o new uses acco ding o
sola condi ions ( esiden ial and high- ise squa es on sou heas and sou hwes acades, and class ooms,
wo kshops, communica ions cen es and acili ies on he no h-wes açade), o p omo ing a good
en ila ion o he ooms. In addi ion, i will be possible o inco po a e di e en ac i e sys ems o
ene gy supply ha allow o pa ially mee he demands o ene gy consump ion, such as sola panels on
he oo and açade, o he inco po a ion o a sys em o wind u bines on deck, o be e alua ed in he
d a ing phase o he p ojec .
5. Conclusions
Beyond he esul s o he di e en speci ic p oposals ex ac ed om he esea ch, we wan o ocus he
in e es o his wo k on se e al aspec s. On he one hand, om a mo e me hodological poin o iew,
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he impo ance gi en o basic echnical s udies, in pa icula o he s udy o social p oblems and
demands, no only wi hin he building bu also in he neighbou hood. P og ams and social guidance
should conduc physical in e en ions and unc ional ans o ma ions. The physical imp o emen o
he en i onmen does no wo k bu accompanied by a social p ojec . This is shown in he di e en
p e ious ac ions o eno a ion o he building, all o hem ailed. The In eg a ed U ban Regene a ion
equi es an in eg a ed me hodological p ac ice, which implies p e ious base s udies and de elopmen
om di e en app oaches: om he u ban, a chi ec u al, social, economic (o p oduc i e) and
en i onmen al pe spec i e. A holis ic ision has o be included h oughou he p ocess in all i s phases,
as equi ed in his p ojec .
The objec i es se a he beginning o he esea ch a e made om he conside a ion o he building
as a p ojec o u ban egene a ion o he whole neighbou hood. In his si ua ion, ano he o he alues
o he esea ch p ojec is highligh ed: he inco po a ion o he u ban scale in all i s phases, om
p e ious u ban and social s udies, which se e he communi y o he neighbou hood, o he
o mula ion o new hyb id models based on exis ing demands in La Palma Palmilla a ea. This
condi ion o he p ope y as a new hyb id acili y o he whole neighbou hood make i a new place o
cen ali y. Fu he mo e, he new hyb id model does no only sol e he con lic caused by he building
nowadays bu i u ns in o a new space o oppo uni y and iden i y.
6. Acknowledgmen (s)
This esea ch s ablishes con inui y o a se ies o p e ious esea ch in ela ion o he ield o U ban
Regene a ion ca ied ou in he esea ch Ins i u e Habi a , Tou ism and Te i o y (UMA), such as he
p ojec "The slums o he Cadiz Road o Malaga: owa d a sus ainable model o in eg al U ban and
a chi ec u al eno a ion” (2008) and he o he p ojec "Neighbou hood coope a i es. A model o
collabo a i e managemen o egene a ing slums"(2015). We a e g a e ul o he collabo a ion o Ma
Má quez (social educa o ) and he Malaka ón g oup, o hei con ibu ions in he social a ea, as well
as o José Ma ía Núñez Balles e os (lawye ) o his legal ad ice, and o he collabo a ing s uden s
M.A. González González, C. Díaz López and F. Co de o Ca ión. This esea ch p ojec has been
unded by he Municipal Housing Ins i u e, Malaga Ci y Council, Spain.
7. Re e ences
[1] R. Rod íguez Alonso, “Housing policy in Spain in he Eu opean con ex . Deb s and challenges”,
Bole ín CF+S., ol 47/48, 2011. (Spanish)
[2] laciudad i a.o g
[3] F. Ma ín – Consueg a, C. Alonso, B. F u os, “In eg a ed u ban egene a ion and he Toledo
Decla a ion”, In o mes de la Cons ucción, 67 (ex a-1): 002, doi:
h p://dx.doi.o g/10.3989/ic.14.084. (Spanish)
[4] L. González Al aya, “In e en ion s a egies on he buil ci y”. In J.M. Ezquiaga Domínguez, L.
González Al aya (eds.), Sus ainable u ban ans o ma ions. Galicia, In e na ional Uni e si y
Menéndez Pelayo, 2011. ISBN:978-84-939377-0-6. (Spanish)
[5] S. Jo ne , C. Llop, J. E. Pas o y colabo ado es. “Reno a ion o he exis ing ci y. The Special
Re o m and Reo ganiza ion Plan o he neighbou hood o La Mina and complemen a y
documen s 2000-2006”, en R. López de Lucio, Planning landscape, p ojec ing he ci y,
eno a ing he exis ing u ban layou s. The ele ance o u ban and egional planning h ough
he na ional u ban planning awa ds 2004, 2005, 2006. Gene al Ca alog o he Minis y o
Housing. Pages. 121-166. (Spanish)
[6] U. A duaga U quiaga, R. López de Lucio, “Towa ds in eg a ed u ban egene a ion p ocesses.
F om achadism and he eno a ion o pa emen s o complex pe o mances on he
consolida ed ci y”, in INTERREG III C, Conclusions o he P ojec PROGRESDESC ESDP
s eps, Comunidad de Mad id, Mad id, 2008, pages 283-347. (Spanish)
[7] J. Jacobs “Mue e y Vida de las g andes ciudades” (Spanish aduc ion o Á. Abad and A.
Use os). Capi án Swing, 2011.