Near zero consumption building as an urban acupuncture for a vertical slum. A case study in the city of Malaga, Spain

IOP Con e ence Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Nea Ze o Consump ion Building as an U ban Acupunc u e o a Ve ical Slum. A Case S udy in he Ci y o Malaga, Spain To ci e his a icle: Ca los Rosa-Jiménez e al 2017 IOP Con . Se .: Ma e . Sci. Eng. 245 052028 View he a icle online o upda es and enhancemen s. You may also like LOCALIZATION AND BROADBAND FOLLOW-UP OF THE GRAVITATIONAL- WAVE TRANSIENT GW150914 B. P. Abbo , R. Abbo , T. D. Abbo e al. - A ching in con ined d y g anula ma e ials R. Pe al a-Fabi, C. Málaga and R. Rech man - SUPPLEMENT: “LOCALIZATION AND BROADBAND FOLLOW-UP OF THE GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE TRANSIENT GW150914” (2016, ApJL, 826, L13) B. P. Abbo , R. Abbo , T. D. Abbo e al. - This con en was downloaded om IP add ess 87.221.170.197 on 21/04/2024 a 15:59 1 Con en om his wo k may be used unde he e ms o heC ea i eCommonsA ibu ion 3.0 licence. Any u he dis ibu ion o his wo k mus main ain a ibu ion o he au ho (s) and he i le o he wo k, jou nal ci a ion and DOI. Published unde licence by IOP Publishing L d 1234567890 WMCAUS IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 245 (2017) 052028 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052028 Nea Ze o Consump ion Building as an U ban Acupunc u e o a Ve ical Slum. A Case S udy in he Ci y o Malaga, Spain Ca los Rosa-Jiménez 1, Nu ia Nebo 1*, Albe o Ga cía Mo eno 1, Ma ía José Má quez Balles e os1 1 Habi a -Tou ism-Te i o y Ins i u e, Uni e sidad de Málaga, Edi icio Ada By on, Campus de Tea inos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain [email p o ec ed] Abs ac . A e ical slum is de ined as a socially ulne able communi y in a building, wi h se ious p oblems o unc ionali y, sa e y and habi abili y. I is ela ed o an impo an le el o physical deg ada ion, and a p eca ious socioeconomic si ua ion o i s occupan s. Thei inabili y o c ea e a eal communi y o p ope and manda o y main enance inc eases he physical de e io a ion o he building. The abandonmen o he o iginal owne s o he houses can cause a sys em o illegal occupa ion and illegal ac i i ies, and ice e sa. In many cases, he new occupan s a e p ima ily in e es ed in main aining he building in a s a e o p eca iousness in o de o a oid any a emp o eno a ion by adminis a ions. These secu i y and habi abili y p oblems o en ex end ou side he building and hey a ec a whole communi y o neighbou s wi hin he neighbou hood who eel h ea ened and insecu e, causing hei ejec ion and a s ong social seg ega ion in he a ea. This a icle wan s o show some o he esul s om a esea ch wo k de eloped on a case s udy o e ical slum in he ci y o Malaga, in Spain. In his con ex o ma ginali y p e iously desc ibed, he esea ch p ojec explo es di e en al e na i es o he eno a ion o a building, i s ulne able communi y and he neighbou hood in which i is inse ed. The p ojec es ablishes ou majo objec i es: (a) a physical eno a ion o he building, (b) social ans o ma ion in a disad an aged en i onmen , (c) unc ional e olu ion- om a esiden ial model o a new hyb id model wi h a mixed supply o social se ices, and (d) he inco po a ion o new pa ame e s o en i onmen al sus ainabili y ha imp o e he ene ge ic beha iou o he building ( ans o ming i in o a building o almos ze o consump ion). The esea ch closes wi h a se ies o s a egies and esul s o he case s udy. Howe e , he main con ibu ion o he wo k is ela ed o he esea ch me hodology ha has been de eloped. This is s uc u ed acco ding o he ou p inciples o in eg a ed u ban eno a ion, based on a physical, social, economic and en i onmen al pe spec i e. This me hodology and esul s ha e been explained so ha hey can be ans e ed o o he a eas and expe ience o u ban ecycling in ulne able social en i onmen s. 1. In oduc ion A e almos a decade o economic ecession in he in e na ional sphe e, and wi h p o ound consequences in he Spanish economy and socie y, he need o ex ensi e g ow h o ci ies has been ques ioned. Spain has one o he la ges housing es a es among all he coun ies o no he n Eu ope, as shown by Rod íguez Alonso [1]. Howe e , only 70% o he homes a e occupied and one hi d o he 2 1234567890 WMCAUS IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 245 (2017) 052028 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052028 houses a e unde u ilized. The in ense cons uc ion o he las yea s be o e he c isis, he c ea ion o in as uc u es and he excessi e g ow h o ci ies has led o consuming much mo e land han i is necessa y in ou coun y. Re lec ion on models o he ci ies is absolu ely necessa y. In ecen yea s, new conce ns ha e a isen a ound he exis ing ci y which su e s om some speci ic p oblems. Ciudad i a.o g pla o m has published se e al esea ch wo ks on he concep o inne ci y g ow h and he challenge o u ban obsolescence in he con empo a y ci y. I is necessa y o a end o a eas wi h physical p oblems (inadequa e a chi ec u al ypes, poo echnical equipmen , physical de e io a ion), u ban p oblems (isola ion o slums, unc ional de iciencies, deg ada ion o public space and he u ban landscape), and hose ela ed o he i age and social condi ions (educa ional disad an ages, seg ega ion, insecu i y and o he con lic s), [2]. Ma ín - Consueg a, Alonso and F u os [3] ocus on he concep o in eg a ed u ban egene a ion based on a ans e se app oach in e ms o en i onmen al, social and economic in eg a ion, as shown in he Decla a ion o Toledo documen (adop ed in June 2010). I add esses u ban challenges om he con ex o he economic c isis in Eu ope and in line wi h he objec i es o he Eu opean 2020 s a egy. F om he en i onmen al poin o iew, some a ge s o he educ ion o gas emissions a e es ablished. These a e ocused on he ields o anspo , ene gy e iciency in buildings, managemen o ene gy lows, consump ion a he local le el, ecycling o soil o p o ec ion o na u al esou ces. F om he social poin o iew, a en ion is ocused on he p oblems o employmen , school d op-ou o po e y ha a ec a la ge pa o he popula ion, and he impo ance o inco po a ing policies ha gua an ee access o decen and a o dable housing. F om he economic poin o iew, he I+D+i and employmen boos become key aspec s o he egene a ion o he economy. The a chi ec u al and u ban eno a ion a e indica ed as a eas o wo k and oppo uni y whe e he public space acqui es a undamen al ole as place o encoun e s and ela ionships be ween people. Based on his holis ic and in eg a ed app oach, u ban egene a ion p ojec s equi e he collabo a i e wo k o di e en p o essionals such as a chi ec s, enginee s, economis s and social p o essionals [4], as well as he elabo a ion o in eg a i e me hodologies o all he disciplines in ol ed, adminis a ions and agen s. The concep o go e nance acqui es a special impo ance in egene a ion u ban p ocesses, conside ed as a necessa y ins umen o he in e ac ion be ween adminis a ions among hemsel es and wi h p i a e ins i u ions and ini ia i es. The Special Plan o he Reno a ion o La Mina neighbou hood in Ba celona (Na ional U banism Awa d 2006 g an ed by he Minis y o Housing o he Go e nmen o Spain) is a benchma k wi hin he policies o u ban eno a ion in Spain [5]. The ans o ma ion p ocess ca ied ou in he neighbou hood includes di e en pe spec i es and complemen a y ac ions. On he one hand, i includes he eno a ion o he exis ing building and egene a ion o he public space. On he o he hand, his eno a ion is accompanied by a ans o ma ion o new uses, acili ies and a comple e p og am o social ac ions, which ensu e he success o physical and in as uc u al in es men s. I could be said ha he cen e o he con lic in he neighbou hood was clea ly social, beyond u ban p oblems. Fo his eason, he esea ch enhances he impo ance o social p ojec in he p ocess o u ban egene a ion. In he wo ds o López de Lucio [6], his is an au hen ic "complex ac ion" ini ia i e on he consolida ed ci y ha su passes simplis ic app oaches based on açades and pa emen eno a ion. Some o he key aspec s al eady ad anced in he Ca alan p ojec a ec he need o p omo e social di e si y wi hin he local communi y, ying o elimina e he ghe o o social seg ega ion ha un il now p e ailed in he neighbou hood. Jane Jacobs in he book “Dea h and Li e o he G ea Ame ican Ci ies” [7] o e s some clues o os e his di e si y, including a mix o uses and basic unc ions in he neighbou hoods. Hyb id models ha e been used in u ban egene a ion p ojec s as a esou ce o p omo e he compac ci y, as well as a s a egy o an ac i e and di e se li e in u ban a ea. The p ojec o he De Rokade owe and he esidence Maa ensho esponds o he p og am "The in ense Ci y" 3 1234567890 WMCAUS IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 245 (2017) 052028 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052028 launched by he Municipal Council o G oningen o inc ease he densi y in he dis ic s o he ci y cen e [8]. The p ojec consis s o a nu sing home (ge ia ic esidence, p o ec ed en al apa men s and a nu se y) and an apa men owe o elde ly people. In his way, he mix o di e en uses and p og ams in he same building allows o mee di e se needs, social and housing demands. The p oposed case s udy is a communi y o neighbou s wi hin a building wi h se ious p oblems o unc ionali y, secu i y and habi abili y. As in he case o he Ba celona p ojec , beyond he a chi ec u al p oblem o physical deg ada ion, he cen e o he con lic in he building is a social p oblem, wi h a e y p eca ious socioeconomic si ua ion o i s occupan s, exace ba ed by a se ies o illegal p ac ices and occupa ion o he building. Thei inabili y o c ea e a communi y o p ope and manda o y main enance inc eases he building’s physical de e io a ion. The abandonmen o he o iginal owne s gi es way o a sys em o illegal occupa ion and illegal ac i i ies, and ice e sa. In many cases, he new occupan s a e p ima ily in e es ed in main aining he building in a s a e o p eca iousness, hus cancelling any a emp o i s eno a ion by adminis a ions. These p oblems o secu i y and habi abili y ex end, in many cases, ou side he building, and a ec a whole communi y o neighbou s, wi hin he neighbou hood, who eel h ea ened and insecu e, p o oking hei ejec ion o he building en i onmen and a s ong social seg ega ion. 2. Case s udy. Resea ch’s backg ound Málaga Ci y Council is ca ying ou a comp ehensi e housing eno a ion p ojec in he La Palma- Palmilla neighbou hood, one o he mos disad an aged a eas in he ci y o Málaga, wi h p oblems o social cohesion, delinquency and a high pe cen age o school ailu e among he younge people [9]. The building is loca ed in his neighbou hood, al hough i o e s a e y di e en ia ed si ua ion wi h espec o he o he blocks o he en i onmen , due o i s se ious physical de e io a ion and i s basic acili ies, caused, among o he s, by he socio-economic p oblems o i s owne s and occupan s. One o he bigges p oblems o he building, wi h 53 houses dis ibu ed in 13 loo s, is he lack o uni e sal accessibili y. Since 1990, he e is no ele a o , and al hough he e was an a emp o ins all one, i only wo ked o a sho pe iod o ime, becoming a e ha , a hollow o he accumula ion o ga bage, wi h he consequen sani a y isk. The collec ion o ubbish and u ni u e used in he common a eas is also a isk ac o agains i e, and speci ically in 2004 he e was a i e ha caused se ious bu ns o a enan . In 2007, due o he in e en ion o he municipal adminis a ion, he oom o elec ici y me e s had been epai ed, which had bu ned down yea s ago, causing a lack o elec ici y supply in he building since 2005. This building o la s was p omo ed by he old Na ional Housing Ins i u e; he enan s o housing would be he owne s o hese when inishing he o al paymen . In 2008, only a small p opo ion o he occupan s we e he owne s o he la s, due o he majo i y o he o iginal con ac o s had le he building because o he deplo able condi ions in which i was loca ed. The esul o his has been he p oli e a ion o i egula occupa ions o he houses and illegal ac i i ies. This si ua ion o un egula ed occupa ions and illegal en s makes di icul o e en impossible he eno a ion wo ks ha a e necessa y o ensu e he habi abili y condi ions o he building. Fo all his, in 2008, he Minis y o Housing and Te i o ial Planning o he Andalusian Go e nmen s a ed he exp op ia ion p ocess o he p ope y, exis ing he cause o public u ili y o social in e es , acco ding o Law 13/2005 o 11 Measu es o P o ec ed Housing and Land. In May 2009, he eno a ion o building s a ed by he neighbou s hemsel es; a ew mon hs la e , a communi y o owne s was es ablished, ixing expenses o 10 eu os pe mon h, which in mos cases, is no e en possible o pay. The building has s ill se ious p oblems o habi abili y, bo h in he common a eas as in mos o he houses. 4 1234567890 WMCAUS IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 245 (2017) 052028 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052028 In 2010, a new app oach was p oposed h ough he P ojec called “Hoga P ojec ”, based on he Pa icipa o y Ac ion Resea ch model, wi h he in en ion o esuming, s eamlining and esol ing mos o he con lic s ha he neighbou s o hese neighbou hoods su e om: economic ac o s, social issues and exclusion. The main objec i e o his plan is o de elop an In eg al Plan o he a ea Palma- Palmilla ha is managed by he neighbou s. I should include all he necessa y ac ions o ans o m he li e o he neighbou hoods and imp o e he condi ions in which hey li e. Howe e , he special condi ions o he building equi e, wi hin he amewo k o he “Home P ojec ”, he de elopmen o a managemen model wi h he in e en ion o he public adminis a ion. In his sense, he ins i u e Habi a , Tou ism and Te i o y om he Uni e si y o Malaga has p e iously in es iga ed new managemen models, ocusing on he eno a ions o he neighbou hoods based on he p o ision o housing se ices. The idea o hese housing se ices is o pay o hem unde a common p ope y o public owne ship egime. These condi ions a e e y di e en om adi ional eno a ion based exclusi ely on he di ec subsidy o he se ices by he adminis a ion. The ins i u e's p e ious esea ch is o ien ed o he de elopmen o new models in which he owne s a e esponsible o main enance and imp o emen o hei acili ies. One o he main p oblems o he building is ela ed o he incapaci y o i s communi y o main ain, upda e and manage he building in minimum condi ions o habi abili y and secu i y. 3. Objec i es and me hodology In his con ex o ma ginali y p e iously desc ibed in he exis ing building, and ying o p omo e an u ban and social egene a ion in he whole neighbou hood, he esea ch wo k es ablishes, as i s main objec i e, o explo e di e en al e na i es o he eno a ion o he building and he a ea in which i is loca ed. Speci ically, he ollowing speci ic objec i es a e es ablished:  analysis o u ban, a chi ec u al and social condi ions,  app oach o a hyb id model o he p o ision o social and housing se ices, and  o ad ance a se ies o physical, social and en i onmen al egene a ion guidelines. The esea ch is buil a ound 4 complemen a y lines o wo k based on he idea o in eg a ed egene a ion: physical eno a ion o he building, social ans o ma ion o a clea ly disad an aged en i onmen , unc ional e olu ion - om a esiden ial model o new hyb id models wi h a mixed supply o social and housing se ices-, and he inco po a ion o new pa ame e s o en i onmen al sus ainabili y ha imp o e he ene gy pe o mance o he building. The p ojec closes wi h a se ies o s a egies and esul s o he case s udy. Howe e , he main con ibu ion o he wo k is ela ed o he esea ch me hodology ha has been de eloped. This is based on a igo ous basic esea ch and an in eg a ed app oach om he u ban, a chi ec u al and social in i s di e en phases:  1s phase: P e ious s udies: u ban, a chi ec u al and social analysis.  2nd phase: App oach o di e en hyb id models in he building o he p o ision o social se ices, acili ies and housing se ices.  3 d phase: Guidelines and s a egies o In eg a ed Regene a ion. 4. Resul s. Phases and discussion 4.1 P elimina y s udies: u ban, a chi ec u al and social analysis Al hough he s udy ocuses on a speci ic building, i is necessa y o s udy he social needs o he a ea in which i is loca ed, o o e a se ies o se ices ha imp o e he quali y o he neighbou hood. The h ee baseline s udies a e de ined as ollows: 4.1.1 U ban S udies They include, in addi ion o a con en ional u ban planning in o ma ion, an en i onmen al assessmen o he neighbou hood based on he me hodology de eloped in he esea ch p ojec "Ca e e a de Cadiz neighbou hoods in Malaga: owa ds a sus ainable model o u ban and a chi ec u al in eg a ed 5 1234567890 WMCAUS IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 245 (2017) 052028 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052028 eno a ion" [10]. In his me hodology, a se ies o sus ainabili y indica o s we e used and adap ed om he analy ical app oaches o he p ojec "Eco ci y and i s manual o he design o eco-ci ies in Eu ope" [11] and he design c i e ia o sus ainable esiden ial a eas o Lopez de Lucio [12]. These u ban s udies ca y ou a diagnosis in which i is highligh ed a low quali y o he exis ing public space, a lack o ela ionships o neighbou s, he need o educe mo o ized a ic and o p omo e pedes ian a eas in he neighbou hood. 4.1.2 A chi ec u al Technical S udies These include he cu en s a e o he building, i s s uc u al secu i y, he mal and acous ic condi ions, he s a e o i s açades and oo s, accessibili y and s a e o common a eas. They also include a s udy o sola condi ions, which allows, in case o u u e eno a ion, o imp o e i s ene gy pe o mance. The echnical s udies close wi h a diagnosis abou he lack o sani a y condi ions, sa e y and he se ious de iciencies in he li ing condi ions o he building. I p esen s con inuous damages in common a eas, illegal hooks o he supplies wi h si ua ions o se ious isk, houses in bad s a e, needs o eno a ion, and a lack o cleaning and hygiene ha p oduces unheal hy si ua ions. All his, in addi ion wi h socio- economic si ua ion o i s occupan s, caused a pa icula ly ulne able building. The eno a ion o he building mus be accompanied by a o mula ha gua an ees he adequa e and compulso y main enance o he building. 4. 1.3 Social S udies These s udies include an app oxima ion o he social si ua ion o he occupan s o he building, and a he same ime, o he demands o se ices and needs o he neighbou s o he whole a ea o Palma- Palmilla. Two s udies a e de eloped: (a) an analysis o he da a and documen a ion p o ided by he Municipal Housing Ins i u e, and (b) a se ies o s uc u ed in e iews wi h he mos ep esen a i e public and social agen s. These wo s udies d aw some conclusions conce ning he occupan s o he building, such as he lack o oo s, hei p eca ious socioeconomic si ua ion, a si ua ion o illegal occupa ion o he houses (con olled by a g oup o gypsy amilies), he lack o ela ionships among he di e en cul u es and aces (“payos”, gypsies, and di e en na ionali ies). In he neighbou hood scale, a diagnosis ha has been made shows he impo an and nega i e pe cep ion ha Palma-Palmilla’s communi y has owa ds his building, a symbol o social ma ginali y in he whole a ea. The e o e, a e he public adminis a ion has in e ened se e al imes o eno a e he building and ail o achie e an adequa e and necessa y u he main enance, i should be con enien he sea ch o a model o al e na i e uses o he building ha does no pe pe ua e he cu en delica e si ua ion. Likewise, legal and housing needs o occupan s should be co e ed. 4.2 App oach o di e en hyb id models in he building o he p o ision o social se ices, acili ies and housing se ices. The p ojec p oposes he ans o ma ion o he esiden ial building in o a hyb id building based on he mix o uses: public spaces, housing, wo k, leisu e and cul u al ac i i ies. The hyb idiza ion o di e en ac i i ies o unc ions is a sys em in which he a ious uses a e ed back o he in e connec ion be ween hem. I is a highly ecommended solu ion in dense en i onmen s and wi h limi a ions o he occupa ion o he land, o i s e i alizing unc ions. A hyb id building is cha ac e ized by he mix u e o di e en p og ams, p omo e s, managemen s and, o cou se, di e en p o iles o use s. A hyb id can be jus as di e se as a neighbou hood o ci y a he le el o p og ams, usage imes, hy hms, ypes o use s, e c. Wi h he aim o explo ing a new model o al e na i e uses, a s udy is ca ied ou o iden i y he demands and social needs o he esiden s o La Palma-Palmilla a ea. F om his in o ma ion, a p oposal o wo al e na i e p og ams (di e en social se ices and housing se ices) has been made, bo h in compliance wi h he es ic ions con ained in he Gene al U ban Planning Plan and sec o al 6 1234567890 WMCAUS IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 245 (2017) 052028 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052028 egula ions. The esul o his s udy enhances he need o housing se ices and, as well as a social eno a ion p ojec . The housing se ices ha e adi ionally been o e ed by he adminis a ion h ough he public en al housing, especially o hose wi h less economic esou ces. This p ojec inco po a es he es ablishmen o mic o-communi ies o sel -managemen unde he supe ision o he local adminis a ion. This allows inco po a ing a se ies o social bene i s acco ding o he deg ee o need and in eg a ion ha he esiden s wish o es ablish. In ulne able social en i onmen s, he mic o-communi ies can be c ea ed bo om-up o o ganized in a u o ed way a ound g oups o in e es s o social needs, as is he case o shel e ed housing, wi h ex e nal echnical suppo . In speci ic e ms, i is p oposed o eplace he cu en ailed model o p i a e housing o inco po a e a model o housing se ices, om an op ional day cen e, shel e ed housing o elde ly people, esidence, empo a y housing and en managed by he ci y council as gua an o o he la e manda o y main enance o he building (wi h he possibili y o inco po a ing NGOs and o he membe s o he dis ic communi y). See igu e 1. Figu e 1. Scheme o he model o p o ision o housing se ices In ela ion wi h he idea o inco po a ing a model o social eno a ion, he p ojec should acili a e he c ea ion o a sys em o social-based en e p ises o coope a i es ha os e s en ep eneu ship and pa icipa e ac i ely in he eno a ion and main enance o he neighbou hood i sel . See igu e 2. 4.3 Guidance and s a egies o In eg a ed Regene a ion A se ies o s a egies a e p oposed wi h he aim o ans o ming he image o he building and make i a new iden i y elemen in he neighbou hood. The s a ing poin o his eno a ion p ocess is he ans o ma ion o uses: om he esiden ial use o p i a e homes o a new hyb id model ha combines public - sociocul u al and p oduc i e uses - and housing in di e en modali ies ( he a ious housing se ices). The p ocess o ans o ma ion is conduc ed in a holis ic and in eg a ed way, a ending no only o i s unc ional cha ac e , bu also o o he aspec s ha will ein o ce he new iden i y o he building, i s physical and social eno a ion. This physical eno a ion will con ibu e o change i s image and, a he same ime, will allow he de elopmen o s a egies o he imp o emen o he ene gy pe o mance o he building. S a egies a e g ouped in o h ee blocks. 7 1234567890 WMCAUS IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 245 (2017) 052028 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052028 Figu e 2. Scheme o social eno a ion p ojec 4.3.1. Physical ans o ma ion o he building Some o he p oposed s a egies include he c ea ion o ex e io spaces in di e en loo s o he building as new public spaces o “squa es in heigh ” wi hin he building. This s a egy would ans o m he cu en image o he building h ough small demoli ions and o ganize new se ices and acili ies a ound hem. Ano he s a egy is o pa ially lea e he g ound loo opened o he public space in o de o enhance he ela ionship be ween he building and he ou e space o he neighbou hood. The public space a ound he a ea becomes a new space o oppo uni y and cen ali y wi hin he neighbou hood. 4.3.2. T ans o ma ion o building uses (and social ans o ma ion) New public uses a e p oposed o he neighbou hood wi h esiden ial accommoda ion and communi y acili ies. A hyb id p og am p oposal as a s ep p io o he speci ic de ini ion o he p og am by he adminis a ions and social se ices. The inco po a ion o he new uses equi es he adap a ion o he building o he sec o ial egula ion o each o he new se ices as he inclusion o a new nucleus o communica ions and adap a ion o he exis ing one. The a icula ion o hese new se ices o communi y acili ies and esiden ial uses is made a ound he ex e io spaces in he di e en le els, p omo ing he ela ionship be ween di e en ypes o occupan s. The deck plan also becomes a new place o mee ings and place o he use o esiden s. 4.3.3. S a egies o imp o ing he ene gy pe o mance o he building I is necessa y o minimize he ene gy demand o achie ing a building o almos ze o consump ion, and a he same ime, o maximize ene gy p oduc ion wi h enewable sou ces. The s a egies include he inco po a ion o passi e sys ems, such as he o ien a ion and dis ibu ion o new uses acco ding o sola condi ions ( esiden ial and high- ise squa es on sou heas and sou hwes acades, and class ooms, wo kshops, communica ions cen es and acili ies on he no h-wes açade), o p omo ing a good en ila ion o he ooms. In addi ion, i will be possible o inco po a e di e en ac i e sys ems o ene gy supply ha allow o pa ially mee he demands o ene gy consump ion, such as sola panels on he oo and açade, o he inco po a ion o a sys em o wind u bines on deck, o be e alua ed in he d a ing phase o he p ojec . 5. Conclusions Beyond he esul s o he di e en speci ic p oposals ex ac ed om he esea ch, we wan o ocus he in e es o his wo k on se e al aspec s. On he one hand, om a mo e me hodological poin o iew, 8 1234567890 WMCAUS IOP Publishing IOP Con . Se ies: Ma e ials Science and Enginee ing 245 (2017) 052028 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052028 he impo ance gi en o basic echnical s udies, in pa icula o he s udy o social p oblems and demands, no only wi hin he building bu also in he neighbou hood. P og ams and social guidance should conduc physical in e en ions and unc ional ans o ma ions. The physical imp o emen o he en i onmen does no wo k bu accompanied by a social p ojec . This is shown in he di e en p e ious ac ions o eno a ion o he building, all o hem ailed. The In eg a ed U ban Regene a ion equi es an in eg a ed me hodological p ac ice, which implies p e ious base s udies and de elopmen om di e en app oaches: om he u ban, a chi ec u al, social, economic (o p oduc i e) and en i onmen al pe spec i e. A holis ic ision has o be included h oughou he p ocess in all i s phases, as equi ed in his p ojec . The objec i es se a he beginning o he esea ch a e made om he conside a ion o he building as a p ojec o u ban egene a ion o he whole neighbou hood. In his si ua ion, ano he o he alues o he esea ch p ojec is highligh ed: he inco po a ion o he u ban scale in all i s phases, om p e ious u ban and social s udies, which se e he communi y o he neighbou hood, o he o mula ion o new hyb id models based on exis ing demands in La Palma Palmilla a ea. This condi ion o he p ope y as a new hyb id acili y o he whole neighbou hood make i a new place o cen ali y. Fu he mo e, he new hyb id model does no only sol e he con lic caused by he building nowadays bu i u ns in o a new space o oppo uni y and iden i y. 6. Acknowledgmen (s) This esea ch s ablishes con inui y o a se ies o p e ious esea ch in ela ion o he ield o U ban Regene a ion ca ied ou in he esea ch Ins i u e Habi a , Tou ism and Te i o y (UMA), such as he p ojec "The slums o he Cadiz Road o Malaga: owa d a sus ainable model o in eg al U ban and a chi ec u al eno a ion” (2008) and he o he p ojec "Neighbou hood coope a i es. A model o collabo a i e managemen o egene a ing slums"(2015). We a e g a e ul o he collabo a ion o Ma Má quez (social educa o ) and he Malaka ón g oup, o hei con ibu ions in he social a ea, as well as o José Ma ía Núñez Balles e os (lawye ) o his legal ad ice, and o he collabo a ing s uden s M.A. González González, C. Díaz López and F. Co de o Ca ión. This esea ch p ojec has been unded by he Municipal Housing Ins i u e, Malaga Ci y Council, Spain. 7. Re e ences [1] R. Rod íguez Alonso, “Housing policy in Spain in he Eu opean con ex . Deb s and challenges”, Bole ín CF+S., ol 47/48, 2011. (Spanish) [2] laciudad i a.o g [3] F. Ma ín – Consueg a, C. Alonso, B. F u os, “In eg a ed u ban egene a ion and he Toledo Decla a ion”, In o mes de la Cons ucción, 67 (ex a-1): 002, doi: h p://dx.doi.o g/10.3989/ic.14.084. (Spanish) [4] L. González Al aya, “In e en ion s a egies on he buil ci y”. In J.M. Ezquiaga Domínguez, L. González Al aya (eds.), Sus ainable u ban ans o ma ions. Galicia, In e na ional Uni e si y Menéndez Pelayo, 2011. ISBN:978-84-939377-0-6. (Spanish) [5] S. Jo ne , C. Llop, J. E. Pas o y colabo ado es. “Reno a ion o he exis ing ci y. The Special Re o m and Reo ganiza ion Plan o he neighbou hood o La Mina and complemen a y documen s 2000-2006”, en R. López de Lucio, Planning landscape, p ojec ing he ci y, eno a ing he exis ing u ban layou s. The ele ance o u ban and egional planning h ough he na ional u ban planning awa ds 2004, 2005, 2006. Gene al Ca alog o he Minis y o Housing. Pages. 121-166. (Spanish) [6] U. A duaga U quiaga, R. López de Lucio, “Towa ds in eg a ed u ban egene a ion p ocesses. F om achadism and he eno a ion o pa emen s o complex pe o mances on he consolida ed ci y”, in INTERREG III C, Conclusions o he P ojec PROGRESDESC ESDP s eps, Comunidad de Mad id, Mad id, 2008, pages 283-347. (Spanish) [7] J. Jacobs “Mue e y Vida de las g andes ciudades” (Spanish aduc ion o Á. Abad and A. Use os). Capi án Swing, 2011.