Recen Inno a ions in Mecha onics (RIiM) Vol. 3. (2016). No. 1-2.
DOI: 10.17667/ iim.2016.1-2/10.
De elopmen o po able measu ing sys em o
es ing o elec ical ehicle’s hea ene gy eco e y
sys em
Ko nél Sa ajcz
Depa men o Elec ical and Elec onic Enginee ing
Uni e si y o Deb ecen
Deb ecen, Hunga y
sa [email protected]
Angela Vá adiné Sza ka
Depa men o Elec ical and Elec onic Enginee ing
Uni e si y o Deb ecen
Deb ecen, Hunga y
angela. a [email protected]
Abs ac —Nowadays he consume socie y applies a huge
amoun o ene gy in many ields including he anspo a ion
sec o . The applica ion o he in e nal combus ion ehicles
con ibu e subs an ially o he ai pollu ion. An al e na i e
solu ion o educing ene gy consump ion is eplacing he
in e nal combus ion ehicles by elec ical o hyb id ehicles.
Today one o he bigges disad an ages o he elec ical ehicles is
he ini e capaci y o ba e ies. The esea ch opic p esen ed in
his pape is he „Ene gy Ha es ing”, and de elopmen o
ene gy eco e y sys em o elec ical ehicles which la gely
con ibu es in inc easing he d i ing ange. A he cu en phase
o he esea ch e iciency analysis o he hea ene gy eco e y
de ices a e in es iga ed in eal d i ing ci cums ances. Compu e
based mobile and wi eless measu emen sys em o he analysis
was de eloped, es ed and ins alled in a eal ehicle. D i ing es s
we e pe o med and analysed in di e en ci cums ances.
Keywo ds—Ene gy Ha es ing, The moelec ic gene a o ,
Ene gy eco e y sys em, elec ical ehicle
I. INTRODUCTION
In his esea ch we examine he me hods o Ene gy
Ha es ing, which con ibu es he educing o ene gy
consump ion’s losses. The esea ch ocuses on he
in es iga ion and de elopmen o ene gy eco e y sys ems in
elec ic ehicles. In his pape he au ho s show in de ailed he
ope a ion o he moelec ic de ices u he mo e also includes
de ailed in o ma ion abou de elopmen o a new calib a ion
and es sys em o TEGs. This sys em is able o analyse
he moelec ic p ocesses applying di e en semiconduc o
elemen s and changing empe a u e di e ence be ween he
cold and ho poin s in ange o 0 and 400 °C. The pape
in oduces ope a ion poin measu emen o di e en ypes
TEGs showing i s maximum ex ac able elec ical ou pu
powe . The pape also con ains de ailed examina ion o
measu emen sys em de eloped o ene gy eco e y, which
can be applied in hyb id and elec ical ehicles. The
measu ing sys em is able o de ec wo empe a u es, cu en
and ol age o TEG, GPS da a and dynamic da a o ehicle in
he same ime. The measu ing da a a e sen ia wi eless
communica ion o cloud based s o age.
II. METHODOLOGY
Ene gy ha es ing me hods and equipmen p o ide ene gy
ecycling p ocesses sui able o sa ing, s o ing and using
ene gy losses a a la e ime o specially de ined and limi ed
applica ions. The main ques ion in such sys em is wha will
be, wha can be he ene gy e ie ing and ans e ing
medium? The heo e ical answe is all ene gy sou ces sui able
o using wi h some ac i e sensing sys em can be sui able,
which means ha i we can de ine an ac i e senso o he
ac ual ene gy sou ce, p o iding elec ical ou pu signal
wi hou powe supply, depending i s powe s eng h capaci y i
can be used o ene gy ha es ing pu poses. The main
p oblem, ha hese ou pu signals in mos o cases ha e
ex emely low powe limi ing i s use o ene gy ha es ing. So
we should selec such sys ems whe e he ope a ion o ac ua o -
senso sys em p o ides high enough ene gy losses o
ha es ing. The mos ob ious solu ion is o use mechanical
ene gy sou ces, magne ic induc ion ene gy ans o me s using
ib a ion, o a ion, low- o p ess change a e well known.
P obably he mos widely used me hod o ha es ing is
con e sion o he adia i e ene gy. The ligh including
in a ed, ul a iole and isible anges, adio equency,
ai wa es, he mal adia ion p o ide basic concep s o such
sys ems using ligh elemen s, an ennas, he mo- and piezo
cells.
TABLE I. Compa ison o ene gy ha es ing me hods [1]
Recen Inno a ions in Mecha onics (RIiM) Vol. 3. (2016). No. 1-2.
DOI: 10.17667/ iim.2016.1-2/10.
III. THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
The la ges pa o elec ical losses is dissipa ed in o m o
hea , elec ical and elec onic p oduce s spend huge esou ces
o de elop ideal cooling sys ems o elec ical equipmen . As
he moelec ic gene a o s use empe a u e di e ence o
ope a ion besides o ene gy ha es ing i has an addi ional
ad an age which is he cooling e ec . Ou esea ch g oup has
de eloped a sys em sui able o diagnos ic and e alua ion o
di e en TEGs. The sys em is p esen ed in de ails in inal
pape .
TEGs ha e h ee main pa s: N- ype semiconduc o , P- ype
semiconduc o , and also a coppe conduc o p o iding con ac
su ace be ween semiconduc o s. The mos commonly used
semiconduc o is Bismu h Tellu ide (Bi2Te3). The elemen is
ins alled be ween wo insula ing su aces made o ce amic
ma e ial (Al2O3) in mos o cases. Theo y o ope a ion o
TEGs is based on he moelec ic phenomena and p ocesses
which can be desc ibed by Seebeck, Pel ie and Thomson
e ec s.[2,3,4,5]
IV. CALIBRATION SYSTEM FOR THERMOELECTRIC
GENERATORS
Valida ion o TEG modules o di e en ypes and sizes
equi e a calib a ion sys em o high eliabili y and
epea abili y he e o e he esea ch g oup decided o de elop a
calib a ion sys em o ou special needs.
Tempe a u e o he hea ed side is gene a ed by a 450 W
In a ed Top Ce amic Hea e . I can gene a e 750 °C
empe a u e; he e o e housing wi h special hea insula ion
should be used. The house is made o Bakeli e pla e wi h
wid h o 15mm. The Bakeli e is one o he bes hea insula ing
ma e ial wi h 0.23 [W/mK] hea conduc i i y coe icien .
Inside o he Bakeli e housing a seconda y insula ion is
applied which made o a special non-combus ible asbes os
alloy. This ma e ial is used o inne insula ion o combus ion
chambe in household u naces. Be ween he hea e piece and
TEG an aluminium inne sp eade is included in o de o
p o ide equal empe a u e on he su ace o he TEG. As he e
a e many di e en TEG sizes a e a ailable om di e en
p oduce s, modula aluminium space s a e designed o TEGs.
These space s a e used o lexible assembling and inse ion o
K ype he mocouples measu ing empe a u e o ho poin .
The space also ensu es he homogeneous empe a u e on he
ull su ace o TEG’s.
Fo cooling o he cold poin a low wa e coole is used,
which is connec ed o household wa e ube. Also an
aluminium space measu ing empe a u e o cold poin is
inse ed be ween he coole and TEG module. Aluminium
space s a e designed o all s anda d sized TEGs in o de o
ensu e homogeneous empe a u e dis ibu ion on he ull
su ace.
Fig. 1. Measu ing and calib a ing equipmen
Con ol o es s a e de eloped using Na ional Ins umen s
ha dwa e and so wa e. I will be expounded in de ail in ull
pape .
0,1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
µW/cm2
Mechanical The mal Radian Biochemical
sou ces sou ces sou ces sou ces
Recen Inno a ions in Mecha onics (RIiM) Vol. 3. (2016). No. 1-2.
DOI: 10.17667/ iim.2016.1-2/10.
Fig. 2. Measu ing and con ol so wa e
In e e ence [6] he sys em p esen ed pa icula ly.
V. RESULTS
The ope a ing poin es s we e done wi h wo di e en
ypes TEG module, which a e o igina ed om he same
manu ac u e . The examined TEG modules ha e he ollowing
se ial numbe s: he Cus om The moelec ic Inc. 2411G-7L31-
15CX1 and 1261G-7L31-24CX1. Du ing he measu emen s,
applying he in e nally de eloped calib a ing equipmen eigh
di e en empe a u e di e ences we e se and he alues o
he load esis ance we e se by 0.1 Ω s eps, in he 0-5 Ω ange.
The aim o ou examina ion was de e mina ion he maximum
powe o TEG modules a di e en empe a u e di e ences.
Based on Figu e 4 and Figu e 5 can be de e mined ha he
ex ac able elec ic powe is 2.8 W in case o he 200 °C
empe a u e di e ence and 0.002809 m2 su ace.
Fig. 3. 1261G-7L31-24CX1 TEG module ope a ing poin measu emen s
Recen Inno a ions in Mecha onics (RIiM) Vol. 3. (2016). No. 1-2.
DOI: 10.17667/ iim.2016.1-2/10.
Fig. 4. 2411G-7L31-15CX1 TEG module ope a ing poin measu emen s
Based on Fig. 3 can be de e mined ha he TEG module’s
in e nal esis ance is empe a u e-dependen and i changes
abou app oxima ely be ween 0.4-0.8Ω. The maximum powe
can be ex ac ed om he TEG, when he in e nal esis ance’s
alue and load esis ance’s alue a e he same. The in e nal
esis ance o he o he TEG module, which is illus a ed on
Fig. 4 is also empe a u e-dependen , bu i co e s o he
anges. I changes be ween 2-3 Ω. Fo he mos op imal
ope a ion o he hea ene gy eco e y he ha moniza ion o
in e nal esis ance’s alue and load esis ance’s alue is
necessa y.
VI. CONCLUSION
The in oduced ope a ing poin measu emen s es i y ha
he TEG is applicable de ice o he Ene gy Ha es ing. In his
pape in oduced TEG simula ion and he calib a ing sys em
con ibu e la gely o he basic esea ch. In an elec ical ehicle
he a e age ope a ing empe a u e o elec ical equipmen is
app oxima ely 80 °C, and i does no equi e addi ional ene gy
o each his empe a u e. Due o he anspo a ion he wind
as cooling agen is a ailable. The cu en concep s o he
ehicles addi ional ene gy a e necessa y o cooling he
elec onics and he elec omo o . The applica ion o TEGs is
sui able o ene gy gene a ion using hea loss and is also
sui able o sa ing o he adi ional cooling sys em’s ene gy
equi emen s. The esul o he cu en esea ch con i ms ha
TEGs applica ion can be a signi ican pa o he elec ical
ehicle’s ene gy eco e y sys em. In his esea ch’s cu en
phase he TEG module is ins alled on a ehicle, and he
esea ch eam es i du ing se e al empe a u e di e ence.
REFERENCES
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