Development of portable measuring system for testing of electrical vehicle’s heat energy recovery system

Recen Inno a ions in Mecha onics (RIiM) Vol. 3. (2016). No. 1-2. DOI: 10.17667/ iim.2016.1-2/10. De elopmen o po able measu ing sys em o es ing o elec ical ehicle’s hea ene gy eco e y sys em Ko nél Sa ajcz Depa men o Elec ical and Elec onic Enginee ing Uni e si y o Deb ecen Deb ecen, Hunga y sa [email protected] Angela Vá adiné Sza ka Depa men o Elec ical and Elec onic Enginee ing Uni e si y o Deb ecen Deb ecen, Hunga y angela. a [email protected] Abs ac —Nowadays he consume socie y applies a huge amoun o ene gy in many ields including he anspo a ion sec o . The applica ion o he in e nal combus ion ehicles con ibu e subs an ially o he ai pollu ion. An al e na i e solu ion o educing ene gy consump ion is eplacing he in e nal combus ion ehicles by elec ical o hyb id ehicles. Today one o he bigges disad an ages o he elec ical ehicles is he ini e capaci y o ba e ies. The esea ch opic p esen ed in his pape is he „Ene gy Ha es ing”, and de elopmen o ene gy eco e y sys em o elec ical ehicles which la gely con ibu es in inc easing he d i ing ange. A he cu en phase o he esea ch e iciency analysis o he hea ene gy eco e y de ices a e in es iga ed in eal d i ing ci cums ances. Compu e based mobile and wi eless measu emen sys em o he analysis was de eloped, es ed and ins alled in a eal ehicle. D i ing es s we e pe o med and analysed in di e en ci cums ances. Keywo ds—Ene gy Ha es ing, The moelec ic gene a o , Ene gy eco e y sys em, elec ical ehicle I. INTRODUCTION In his esea ch we examine he me hods o Ene gy Ha es ing, which con ibu es he educing o ene gy consump ion’s losses. The esea ch ocuses on he in es iga ion and de elopmen o ene gy eco e y sys ems in elec ic ehicles. In his pape he au ho s show in de ailed he ope a ion o he moelec ic de ices u he mo e also includes de ailed in o ma ion abou de elopmen o a new calib a ion and es sys em o TEGs. This sys em is able o analyse he moelec ic p ocesses applying di e en semiconduc o elemen s and changing empe a u e di e ence be ween he cold and ho poin s in ange o 0 and 400 °C. The pape in oduces ope a ion poin measu emen o di e en ypes TEGs showing i s maximum ex ac able elec ical ou pu powe . The pape also con ains de ailed examina ion o measu emen sys em de eloped o ene gy eco e y, which can be applied in hyb id and elec ical ehicles. The measu ing sys em is able o de ec wo empe a u es, cu en and ol age o TEG, GPS da a and dynamic da a o ehicle in he same ime. The measu ing da a a e sen ia wi eless communica ion o cloud based s o age. II. METHODOLOGY Ene gy ha es ing me hods and equipmen p o ide ene gy ecycling p ocesses sui able o sa ing, s o ing and using ene gy losses a a la e ime o specially de ined and limi ed applica ions. The main ques ion in such sys em is wha will be, wha can be he ene gy e ie ing and ans e ing medium? The heo e ical answe is all ene gy sou ces sui able o using wi h some ac i e sensing sys em can be sui able, which means ha i we can de ine an ac i e senso o he ac ual ene gy sou ce, p o iding elec ical ou pu signal wi hou powe supply, depending i s powe s eng h capaci y i can be used o ene gy ha es ing pu poses. The main p oblem, ha hese ou pu signals in mos o cases ha e ex emely low powe limi ing i s use o ene gy ha es ing. So we should selec such sys ems whe e he ope a ion o ac ua o - senso sys em p o ides high enough ene gy losses o ha es ing. The mos ob ious solu ion is o use mechanical ene gy sou ces, magne ic induc ion ene gy ans o me s using ib a ion, o a ion, low- o p ess change a e well known. P obably he mos widely used me hod o ha es ing is con e sion o he adia i e ene gy. The ligh including in a ed, ul a iole and isible anges, adio equency, ai wa es, he mal adia ion p o ide basic concep s o such sys ems using ligh elemen s, an ennas, he mo- and piezo cells. TABLE I. Compa ison o ene gy ha es ing me hods [1] Recen Inno a ions in Mecha onics (RIiM) Vol. 3. (2016). No. 1-2. DOI: 10.17667/ iim.2016.1-2/10. III. THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR The la ges pa o elec ical losses is dissipa ed in o m o hea , elec ical and elec onic p oduce s spend huge esou ces o de elop ideal cooling sys ems o elec ical equipmen . As he moelec ic gene a o s use empe a u e di e ence o ope a ion besides o ene gy ha es ing i has an addi ional ad an age which is he cooling e ec . Ou esea ch g oup has de eloped a sys em sui able o diagnos ic and e alua ion o di e en TEGs. The sys em is p esen ed in de ails in inal pape . TEGs ha e h ee main pa s: N- ype semiconduc o , P- ype semiconduc o , and also a coppe conduc o p o iding con ac su ace be ween semiconduc o s. The mos commonly used semiconduc o is Bismu h Tellu ide (Bi2Te3). The elemen is ins alled be ween wo insula ing su aces made o ce amic ma e ial (Al2O3) in mos o cases. Theo y o ope a ion o TEGs is based on he moelec ic phenomena and p ocesses which can be desc ibed by Seebeck, Pel ie and Thomson e ec s.[2,3,4,5] IV. CALIBRATION SYSTEM FOR THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS Valida ion o TEG modules o di e en ypes and sizes equi e a calib a ion sys em o high eliabili y and epea abili y he e o e he esea ch g oup decided o de elop a calib a ion sys em o ou special needs. Tempe a u e o he hea ed side is gene a ed by a 450 W In a ed Top Ce amic Hea e . I can gene a e 750 °C empe a u e; he e o e housing wi h special hea insula ion should be used. The house is made o Bakeli e pla e wi h wid h o 15mm. The Bakeli e is one o he bes hea insula ing ma e ial wi h 0.23 [W/mK] hea conduc i i y coe icien . Inside o he Bakeli e housing a seconda y insula ion is applied which made o a special non-combus ible asbes os alloy. This ma e ial is used o inne insula ion o combus ion chambe in household u naces. Be ween he hea e piece and TEG an aluminium inne sp eade is included in o de o p o ide equal empe a u e on he su ace o he TEG. As he e a e many di e en TEG sizes a e a ailable om di e en p oduce s, modula aluminium space s a e designed o TEGs. These space s a e used o lexible assembling and inse ion o K ype he mocouples measu ing empe a u e o ho poin . The space also ensu es he homogeneous empe a u e on he ull su ace o TEG’s. Fo cooling o he cold poin a low wa e coole is used, which is connec ed o household wa e ube. Also an aluminium space measu ing empe a u e o cold poin is inse ed be ween he coole and TEG module. Aluminium space s a e designed o all s anda d sized TEGs in o de o ensu e homogeneous empe a u e dis ibu ion on he ull su ace. Fig. 1. Measu ing and calib a ing equipmen Con ol o es s a e de eloped using Na ional Ins umen s ha dwa e and so wa e. I will be expounded in de ail in ull pape . 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 µW/cm2 Mechanical The mal Radian Biochemical sou ces sou ces sou ces sou ces Recen Inno a ions in Mecha onics (RIiM) Vol. 3. (2016). No. 1-2. DOI: 10.17667/ iim.2016.1-2/10. Fig. 2. Measu ing and con ol so wa e In e e ence [6] he sys em p esen ed pa icula ly. V. RESULTS The ope a ing poin es s we e done wi h wo di e en ypes TEG module, which a e o igina ed om he same manu ac u e . The examined TEG modules ha e he ollowing se ial numbe s: he Cus om The moelec ic Inc. 2411G-7L31- 15CX1 and 1261G-7L31-24CX1. Du ing he measu emen s, applying he in e nally de eloped calib a ing equipmen eigh di e en empe a u e di e ences we e se and he alues o he load esis ance we e se by 0.1 Ω s eps, in he 0-5 Ω ange. The aim o ou examina ion was de e mina ion he maximum powe o TEG modules a di e en empe a u e di e ences. Based on Figu e 4 and Figu e 5 can be de e mined ha he ex ac able elec ic powe is 2.8 W in case o he 200 °C empe a u e di e ence and 0.002809 m2 su ace. Fig. 3. 1261G-7L31-24CX1 TEG module ope a ing poin measu emen s Recen Inno a ions in Mecha onics (RIiM) Vol. 3. (2016). No. 1-2. DOI: 10.17667/ iim.2016.1-2/10. Fig. 4. 2411G-7L31-15CX1 TEG module ope a ing poin measu emen s Based on Fig. 3 can be de e mined ha he TEG module’s in e nal esis ance is empe a u e-dependen and i changes abou app oxima ely be ween 0.4-0.8Ω. The maximum powe can be ex ac ed om he TEG, when he in e nal esis ance’s alue and load esis ance’s alue a e he same. The in e nal esis ance o he o he TEG module, which is illus a ed on Fig. 4 is also empe a u e-dependen , bu i co e s o he anges. I changes be ween 2-3 Ω. Fo he mos op imal ope a ion o he hea ene gy eco e y he ha moniza ion o in e nal esis ance’s alue and load esis ance’s alue is necessa y. VI. CONCLUSION The in oduced ope a ing poin measu emen s es i y ha he TEG is applicable de ice o he Ene gy Ha es ing. In his pape in oduced TEG simula ion and he calib a ing sys em con ibu e la gely o he basic esea ch. In an elec ical ehicle he a e age ope a ing empe a u e o elec ical equipmen is app oxima ely 80 °C, and i does no equi e addi ional ene gy o each his empe a u e. Due o he anspo a ion he wind as cooling agen is a ailable. The cu en concep s o he ehicles addi ional ene gy a e necessa y o cooling he elec onics and he elec omo o . The applica ion o TEGs is sui able o ene gy gene a ion using hea loss and is also sui able o sa ing o he adi ional cooling sys em’s ene gy equi emen s. The esul o he cu en esea ch con i ms ha TEGs applica ion can be a signi ican pa o he elec ical ehicle’s ene gy eco e y sys em. In his esea ch’s cu en phase he TEG module is ins alled on a ehicle, and he esea ch eam es i du ing se e al empe a u e di e ence. REFERENCES [1] S. Boisseau, G. Despesse and B. Ahmed Seddik,2012.: Elec os a ic Con e sion o Vib a ion Ene gy Ha es ing, Small-Scale Ene gy Ha es ing, ISBN 978-953-51-0826-9 [2] L. Chena, J. Gonga, F. Suna, C. Wub,2002.: E ec o hea ans e on he pe o mance o he moelec ic gene a o s, In e na ional Jou nal o The mal Sciences Volume 41, Pages 95–99 [3] J, E. Ma hews 2011.: The moelec ic and hea low phenomena in mesoscopic sys ems, Doc o o Philosophy DISSERTATION [4] D. Yan 2011.: Modeling and Applica ion o a The moelec ic Gene a o , Mas e s o Applied Science Thesis, Uni e si y o To on o [5] S. Nieswand 2011.: A Pel ie cooling sys em o SiPM empe a u e s abiliza ion, Mas e s o Applied Science Thesis, Uni e si y o To on o [6] K. Sa ajcz, A. Sza ka 2015.: SIMULATION AND CALIBRATION TEST OF THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS, XXI IMEKO Wo ld Cong ess Measu emen in Resea ch and Indus y, P ague, Czech Republic