G i ins om he Danube. Ea ly La Tène swo d in deco a ed
scabba d om So in, Eas e n C oa ia
I an D nić
ABSTRACT
Ea ly La Tène swo d in deco a ed scabba d, kep in he A chaeological museum in Zag eb, was ound in he
la e 19 h and ea ly 20 h cen u y in he illage o So in in eas e n C oa ia. Th ough ypological, echnical, and
iconog aphic analyses o he swo d and scabba d deco a ion (pai o d agons / g i ins), he pape discuss
in oduc ion o he La Tène cul u e o sou heas e n Pannonia and i s posi ion in he wide cul u al and
his o ical p ocesses ha ook place in he second hal o he 4 h and he beginning o he 3 d cen u y BC in
cen al and sou heas e n Eu ope.
KEY WORDS
Ea ly La Tène, sou heas e n Pannonia, swo d in scabba d, deco a ion o pai o d agons / g i ins.
INTRODUCTION– THE SITE OF SOTIN
Th oughou he Eu opean p e- and p o ohis o y, he Danube was an impo an communica ion
axis connec ing a eas be ween he Black Fo es in he hea o Cen al Eu ope and he Pon ic
li o al. Thus, i is no su p ising ha he Danubian egion o C oa ia is ex ao dina ily ich
in a chaeological he i age om all pe iods es i ying o his connec i i y. This is also he case
o he La Tène cul u e which– h ough complex cul u al p ocesses– became he dominan
ma e ial cul u e in he discussed egion in he second hal o he 4 h cen u y BC ma king hus
he ansi ion be ween he Ea ly and La e I on Age.
Asigni ican poin in he esea ch o he La Tène cul u e in he C oa ian Danube egion and
in sou h -eas e n Pannonia in gene al is he si e in he illage o So in on he igh bank o he
Danube Ri e , abou en kilome es sou h -eas o he own o Vuko a in eas e n C oa ia (Fig.
1). The i s inds om he e came o he collec ion o he Na ional Museum o Zag eb in he la e
19 h cen u y and ea ly 20 h cen u y bo h h ough he ac i i ies o he Museum’scommissione s
and h ough sales by locals as was acommon p ac ice a ha ime. I is in his pe iod ha he
Na ional Museum acqui ed he well -known La e La Tène g a e assemblages om he nea by
si e o Zmaje ac, si ua ed oughly 2 km sou h -eas o he illage (Majna ić -Pandžić 1971-
1972; Božič 1981, pl. 8: 4–8, pl. 9). Wi h he excep ion o se e al mino escue in e en ions, no
a chaeological exca a ion was ca ied ou in So in up un il 2008. Luckily enough, su ace inds
and spa ial da a we e diligen ly collec ed by Ma e Ilkić and p esen ed in his MA hesis (Ilkić
1999) as well as in se e al subsequen s udies, p o iding hus asolid amewo k o u he
in es iga ion o he si e (Ilkić 2011a; 2011b; D nić 2013, 61–62, ig. 2: 7–8, pl. 1: 5–6, pl. 2: 1–6).
The La e I on Age se lemen is localized on he high Danube e ace be ween he Popino
b do ele a ion in he no h and S ednje polje in he sou h -eas , as was con i med by he ex-
ca a ions ca ied ou by he Ins i u e o A chaeology in Zag eb and o he Vuko a Municipal
Museum. I is delimi ed by he Danube o he eas while i s wes e n bo de is se by Ma ko Diz
-
da (2010, 16, 22) o he wes e n edge o he p esen day So in illage based on he dis ibu ion
STUDIA HERCYNIA XXIV/2, 98–126
99IVAN DRNIĆ
o su ace inds (Fig. 2:2). Ilkić on he o he hand conside ed he La e I on Age se lemen o
be conside ably smalle and d ew i s deba able wes e n limi along he eas e n bo de o he
p esen day illage, a he oo hill o he aised Danube e ace (Ilkić 2010, 11–12) (Fig. 2:1).
In any case, his con o e sy can only be esol ed by u u e esea ch. I is wo h men ioning
ha in he case o So in La e I on Age se lemen , aces o ampa s, cha ac e is ic o o i ied
se lemen s in sou h -eas e n Pannonia, ha e no been de ec ed so a .
Su ace inds om his a ea (cos ume elemen s such as chain bel links, b ooches, and
glass b acele agmen s; coins; me al essel agmen s) mos ly da e o he Middle and La e
La Tène pe iod (LT C2–D2), al hough a e Ea ly La Tène inds a es ace ain human ac i i y
in he a ea al eady in he la e 4 h cen u y and ea ly 3 d cen u y BC.These include agmen s
o b acele s deco a ed wi h plas ically o med e ical ibs wi h knobs and b ooches which–
based on hei d awings– seem o be semi -p oduc s (Fig. 3; Ilkić 1999, 77, 80–81, pl. 21: 1–3,
24: 1, 4–5, 10). The b ooch in ig. 3: 1 has wo ibs on he uppe side o he bow which is cha ac-
e is ic o he b ooch ype Ka abu ma 63 da ed o LT B2, co esponding wi h he phase Bel-
g ade 1 acco ding o he local ela i e La e I on Age ch onology (Božič 1981, 317, 333, pl. 1: 15).
This could demons a e ha awo kshop p oducing alocal a ie y o Duchco ype b ooches,
Fig. 1: Posi ion o he illage o So in and i s ae ial pho og aph (map: d -maps.com, pho o: Ma io
Faube  / Ai Pho o Max).
Fig. 2: 1– Posi ion o he La Tène se lemen in So in: 1 – a e Ilkić 2010; 2– a e Dizda 2010.
100 STUDIA HERCYNIA XXIV/2
wo n in a ious I on Age communi ies in he wes e n Balkans and sou h -eas e n Pannonia
a he u n o he 4 h–3 d cen u ies BC (Ma ić 2015), is o be localized in he si e o So in. The
men ioned b acele s also belong o he same cul u al egion. I is o he same ch onological
ho izon o he So in se lemen o which i is possible o da e he swo d which will be he
subjec o he ollowing ex .
THE EARLY LT SWORD IN ASCABBARD FROM SOTIN
Besides he men ioned La e La Tène g a es om he Zmaje ac posi ion, he p esence o o he
g a es somewhe e in he So in a ea is sugges ed by se e al s ay inds kep in he deposi
o he A chaeological Museum in Zag eb. These include elemen s o cos ume and jewelle y
(b ooches, b acele s e c.), bu also swo ds as well as spea heads which had been i ually
ben p io o he deposi ion in he g a e as is cha ac e is ic o he bu ial cus oms, mos ly in
incine a ion g a es, o he La Tène cul u e. A e ac s om he phases LT C1–C2, and LT D a e
ep esen ed; he ea lies objec s, howe e , da e as a back as o LT B2 (Majna ić Pandžić
1970, 92–94, pl. 32–38).
One o hese inds is awell -p ese ed swo d, 72.4 cm long (in . no. P-21029) (Majna ić
Pandžić 1970, 93, pl. 33: 4–4a). The blade is o a homboid sec ion, 4.5 cm b oad a he hil
and g adually ape ing owa ds he poin ed ip. The blade shoulde s a e con ex and he ang,
ec angula in sec ion, is 12 cm long wi h he emains o adamaged small pla e on he op
(Fig. 4). The aces o epai s and solde ing oughly in he middle o he blade a es ha he
swo d had been ben o iginally, p obably as apa o he bu ial i ual, and s aigh ened a e
i was ound in ecen imes.
The scabba d is 58 cm long, i s b ead h a he mou h is 5 cm (Fig. 4). Un o una ely, i s
chape, i.e. he componen which is mos signi ican o i s ypological and ch onological clas-
si ica ion, has no been p ese ed. The scabba d was made om wo i on shee s; he edges o
Fig. 3: Ea ly La Tène b ooches and b acele s om he La Tène se lemen in So in (a e Ilkić 1999).
101IVAN DRNIĆ
Fig. 4: Ea ly La Tène swo d in adeco a ed scabba d om So in (d awing: M. Galić; pho o: I. K ajca )
102 STUDIA HERCYNIA XXIV/2
he on al pla e a e olded o e hose o he ea one. The en i ely p ese ed symme ical sus-
pension loop was ixed o he scabba d backside wi h i e s passing h ough i s small ounded
loop pla es. On he on side, jus benea h he low, sligh ly bell -shaped scabba d mou h he e
a e he emains o igu al deco a ion execu ed by eng a ing. Al hough i is la gely des oyed
by co osion, he p ese ed emains s ill pe mi an unequi ocal in e p e a ion.
Two an i he ic igu es can be dis inguished on he su aces damaged by co osion. Abeak
and asmall pa o aconca e ou line o he on body pa emain om he le igu e while
abeak, apa o he head wi h a iangula ea , and asomewha bigge pa o he conca e body
a e p ese ed om he igu e on he igh . These ai s sugges ha he depic ion ep esen s
apai o d agons which can be classi ied as ype Iin he ypology o José Ma ia de Na a a o
(de Na a o 1959; de Na a o 1972, 217–218) o ype 2A g i ins (g i ons de schéma ini ial)
acco ding o he newe ypology o Na alie Ginoux (2007, 44–48, 102–104, ab.2).
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT
In he C oa ian -Se bian Danube a ea, Ea ly La Tène swo ds appea ed in g a es da ed o he
las hi d o he 4 h cen u y and he beginning o he 3 d cen u y BC, i.e. in he phase LT B2 o
he Cen al Eu opean ela i e ch onology. This ea lies La e I on Age ho izon was adi ion-
ally in e p e ed in he con ex o he mass mig a ion o Cel ic ibes om he no h o he
Ca pa hian Basin, accompanied by he sp ead o he La Tène ma e ial cul u e. These Cel s
quickly seized powe in he egion and by mixing wi h local popula ions c ea ed a ibal
alliance known om he ancien sou ces as he Sco disci (Todo o ić 1968; Papazoglu 1969;
Majna ić -Pandžič 1970; Todo o ić 1974; Jo ano ić 1987; Tasić 1992, e c.). Howe e , he-
o e ical and me hodological p og ess in he in e p e a ion o ancien w i en sou ces bu
also o ma e ial cul u e as well as he employmen o na u al science me hods, such as s able
iso ope analysis, made i clea ha he mig a ions and he ela ed cul u al, social, and poli -
ical p ocesses aking place in Cen al Eu ope, he Ca pa hian Basin, and inally also sou h-
-eas e n Pannonia, we e much mo e complex han ha desc ibed in he b ie accoun s o
ancien au ho s and– unc i ically– in e p e ed by a chaeologis s and his o ians (Džino 2007;
Hauschild 2010; Schee ese al. 2013; Schee es 2014; Schee ese al. 2014; Mihajlo ić 2019,
e c.). An un o una e ci cums ance complica ing he in e p e a ion o his phenomenon in
he e i o y o sou h -eas Pannonia is he almos dissipa ing lack o in o ma ion conce n-
ing he se lemen s o he second hal o he 4 h cen u y and mos o he 3 d cen u y BC.Thus,
a chaeological analysis elies almos exclusi ely on da a om bu ials and on chance inds
wi hou aclea a chaeological con ex – as is, a e all, he case o he So in swo d– which
signi ican ly limi s hei in e p e a i e po en ial.
The pic u e p esen ed by a ew dozen LT B2 g a e assemblages om sou h -eas e n Pan-
nonia is ha ahe e ogeneous emale cos ume consis ing o Ea ly I on Age elemen s on he
one hand and on he o he hand om La Tène pieces (which a e all appea ed in sou he n
Pannonia as ea ly as he Ču ug phase o he Ea ly I on Age a he beginning o he 4 h cen u y
BC (Božič 1981). Besides he, so o say, ‘genuine’ La Tène objec s, he e a e also hose adap ed
o local as es, such as he al eady men ioned Ka abu ma 63 ype b ooches and plas ically
deco a ed b acele s, which ound hei way o he cos umes o a ious La e I on Age commu-
ni ies in sou h -eas e n Pannonia and he wes e n Balkans (Ma ić 2015).
On he o he hand, male g a es con ain weapon y cha ac e is ic o he La Tène cul u e.
Appea ing in he second hal o he 4 h cen u y and in he ea ly 3 d cen u y BC hey– acco ding
o some au ho s– co espond ch onologically wi h he his o ically documen ed mo emen s o

103IVAN DRNIĆ
Cel s du ing he so -called g ea expansion (Rapin 1991; 1995). These se s o weapon y, documen -
ed in hund eds o g a es in Wes e n and Cen al Eu ope and in no he n I aly, consis o aswo d,
abel adap ed o ascabba d a achmen , aspea , and ashield; occasionally ahelme may appea ,
e.g. in ag a e om Ba ina (C oa ia) (Vinski -Gaspa ini 1959, 281, ig. 12–13). I is impo an o
s ess ha he quan i y o weapon y known o da e om he e i o y o sou h -eas Pannonia
om o la e 4 h cen u y and ea ly 3 d cen u y (LT B2), i.e. he pe iod immedia ely p eceding he
Cel ic campaign o G eece beginning in 280 BC, amoun s o ahand ul o g a e assemblages
and se e al chance inds, and does no in any way imply aconcen a ion o ala ge numbe o
wa io s allying in he egion o se o o he a e ul ma ch o he sou h. On he o he hand,
i is easonable o assume an in ense ci cula ion o smalle mobile g oups o wa io s, which
is sugges ed by he uni o mi y o weapon y in he as e i o y be ween he A lan ic coas and
he Ca pa hian Basin, including no he n and Cen al I aly; ei he as aide s o as me cena ies.
Such g oups o wa io s came in o con ac wi h he Medi e anean wo ld al eady in he i s
hal o he 4 h cen u y BC (Rus oiu 2006; 2008; Ka u – Blečić Ka u 2014). Being ba ba ian
o eigne s, equipped wi h weapons p oduced in he La Tène s yle and igh ing in apa icula
way, hey we e seen by he Medi e anean au ho s as ahomogenous g oup– he Cel s.
Unlike pe sonal o namen s, weapon y made in he adi ion o he La Tène ma e ial
cul u e is no documen ed in La e Halls a g a es o he sou h -eas e n Pannonian Sy mian
g oup. The only excep ion would be he phale ae om La e Halls a ho se bu ial 1 om he
Vinko ci -Nama si e (Majna ić -Pandžić 2003, 490–494, ig. 8–10). Howe e , some swo ds, bu
also bel buckles and he i ings o swo d bel s ha e been ound in he sou h -eas e n Alpine
egion, o example in wa io g a es in Magdalenska go a -Laščik (Slo enia) (Gab o ec
1987, 72, ig. 6: 1; Tecco H ala 2012, 133–134, ig. 52: 5–8) and No o Mes o -Kapi eljska nji a
(Slo enia) (K iž 2013, 48, 143–144, ig. 42, pl. 68: 8), da ed o he Negau phase o he Doljenska
g oup, which documen con ac s be ween he local la e Halls a eli es and he eli es om he
Alpine egions and no he n I aly (Te žan 2014).
The cul u al p ocesses occu ing in he second hal o he 4
h
cen u y BC in he sou h-
-eas e n Alps and sou h -wes e n Pannonia, ma king he ansi ion be ween he Ea ly and La e
I on Age, we e complex and any hing bu s aigh o wa d. Fo example, a Kapi eljska nji a
ceme e y in No o mes o he con inui y in bu ying is a es ed in he same a ea in he Ea ly
(ba ows) and La e I on Age ( la g a es) wi h some simila aspec s o ma e ial cul u e, such
as hand -made po e y, showing ha in he cou se o he la e 4 h cen u y BC he local Hallsa
popula ion adop ed some elemen s o he La Tène ma e ial cul u e wi hou i sel unde going
any signi ican s uc u al ans o ma ions. These la énian elemen s, including weapon y, we e
p obably b ough he e by he communica ion ne wo ks es ablished agene a ion o wo ea lie ,
as shown abo e. Howe e , ypical Halls a g a e assemblages wi h wo spea s and axes ( omb
160) also appea among he dominan La Tène weapon y, and in g a e 458 he e was an in e -
es ing combina ion o asha ed axe, cha ac e is ic o he Doljenska g oup, and aband -shaped
shield boss ypical o he La Tène cul u e (Fig. 5: 1; K iž 2005, 67–68, 93–94, pl. 39: 3–5, 7, 13,
pl. 77: 3–4). Asimila combina ion is wi nessed in an incine a ion g a e disco e ed ecen ly
in he icini y o he S pnica illage in Soča Valley, Slo enia, wi h an axe, aben spea head,
and adeco a ed bi al e shield boss (Laha na – Mlina 2019). On he o he hand, small
ceme e ies om S ednica nea P uj, Slo enia (Lubšina Tušek– Ka u 2011) and O eho a
as nea Ma ibo , Slo enia (G ahek 2015) wi h only a ew g a es om LT B2 and g a e goods
manu ac u ed exclusi ely in he La Tene s yle (including weapons), imply an in lux o anew
popula ion in he egion, p obably small g oups o colonis s coming om he no h.
Ahyb id panoply was egis e ed also in he sou h -eas e n pa o Pannonia, in skele al
g a e 30 a Pećine ceme e y in Kos olac (Se bia), da ed o LT B2, whe e an Ea ly La Tène spea
-
104 STUDIA HERCYNIA XXIV/2
head wi h ab oad blade and a40 cm long kni e wi h asligh ly cu ed blade we e placed nex
o he inhumed wa io (Fig. 5: 2; Jo ano ić, B. 2018, 75–77, ig. 25, pl. 36–37). This ype o
igh ing kni e o single edge sho swo d, some imes labeled as a alchion o alca a, o igina -
ing om he G eek wo ld, was pa o awa io ’sequipmen in he 5 h cen u y and p obably
he i s hal o he 4 h cen u y BC in sou he n Pannonia (Vučedol, C oa ia: B unšmid 1902,
69, ig. 26; Te žan 1977, 20, ig. 4: 12; Donja Dolina, Bosnia and He zego ina: T uhelka 1904,
pl. 44: 13, pl. 49: 5, pl 50: 3, pl. 60: 2, e c.) and he wes e n Balkans (Sanski Mos , Bosnia and
He zego ina: Fiala 1899, ig. 20, 48, 78, 88, 149, 176).
Wi h he appea ance o he La Tène cul u e in sou h -eas e n Pannonia in he second hal o he
4 h cen u y BC he igh ing s yle changed, bu also he way in which he wa io iden i y was
exp essed in he bu ial i e. Bo h hese aspec s a e e lec ed in he appea ance o new weapon
se s. One o he mos signi ican no el ies was he in oduc ion o wo -edged swo ds, one o
he mos emblema ic objec s o he La Tène cul u e. The size and shape o his cu -and - h us
weapon show ha i was used in combina ion wi h aspea and shield mainly by oo -soldie s.
They we e ca ied in i on shee scabba ds wi h a ound (Ha an– Boldog– Münsingen ype),
hea -shaped, o homboid chape (Pe es– Szabó 1985; 1992; Leja s 1994), deco a ed in some
cases wi h he mo i o azoomo phic ly e ( ype 1) o apai o g i ins ( ype 2a–c). Somewha
la e scabba ds we e e en deco a ed wi h lozenge mo i s applied in he ea ly Hunga ian
swo d s yle, as is he case wi h he piece om Ba ina (Vinski Gaspa ini 1959, 281–282, ig. 18;
Szabó– Pe es 1992, 108, ca . no. 102, pl. 99).
Fig. 5: 1– G a e 458 om Kapi eljska nji a in No o mes o (a e K iž 2005); 2– g a e 30 om Pećine
nea Kos olac (a e Jo ano ić, B. 2018).
105IVAN DRNIĆ
In sou h -eas e n Pannonia, Ea ly La Tène swo ds ha e been ound in se e al g a es om
he ceme e y o Belg ade -Ka abu ma, Se bia (Fig. 8: 2, 11: 1, 13: 1; g a es 22/23, 51, 66, 71, and
111: Todo o ić 1972, 17, 24, 28, 34–35, pl. 7: 2, 19: 2, 25: 1, 33: 4; Božič 1981, 317, pl. 2, 10: 1–3), in
g a e 38 om Pećine nea Kos olac (Jo ano ić 2014, 28, ig. 5; Jo ano ić, B. 2018, 91–94, ig. 33,
63, pl. 47–48), in aques ionable g a e assemblage 29 in Zeleno Polje in Osijek, C oa ia (Spajić
1962, 40–41, pl. 16: 12; Božič 1981, 317, pl. 2, 6: 1), and in dis u bed g a es om Poža e ac, Se bia
(Fig. 11: 2; Božič 1981: 317, pl. 2, 6: 5), Ba ina (Vinski -Gaspa ini 1959, 282, pl. 1:1; Todo o ić
1968, 139, pl. 3–5; Szabó 1991, 309; Szabó– Pe es 1992, 108, ca . no. 102, pl. 99), and Čalma,
Se bia (Jo ano ić, M. 2018, 11–13, ig. 2). Apa om he abo e desc ibed swo d in ascabba d
om So in, isola ed inds a es ing he p esence o – un o una ely no p ese ed– wa io
g a es o he ea lies La e I on Age ho izon o sou he n Pannonia (LT B2) a e documen ed
om Dalj (Fig. 7: 2; Majna ić -Pandžić 1970, 81, pl. 8: 1–1a.), Mikluše ac, C oa ia (Fig. 7: 3;
Majna ić -Pandžić 1970, 91, pl. 29: 3), Lipo ac, C oa ia (Fig. 9: 2; Majna ić -Pandžić 1970,
102, pl. 56: 1), Ša eng ad, C oa ia (Fig. 7: 1; B unšmid 1900, 68, ig. 58; Majna ić -Pandžić
1970, 91, pl. 29: 1), Ruma, Se bia (Todo o ić 1968, 149, pl. 41: 1–3; Szabó– Pe es 1992, 116, ca .
no. 137, pl. 123: 1), and Kupino o, Se bia ( ig. 7: 4–6; D nić 2015, 129, pl. 1: 1–2, pl. 12: 1). (Fig. 6).
CONSTRUCTION OF THE EARLY LA TÈNE SWORDS
The e a e ce ain di e ences be ween hese swo ds in e ms o cons uc ion de ails, mainly
as a as he blade shape is conce ned. The mos nume ous g oup is comp ised o he swo ds
wi h a hombic blade c oss sec ion, ollowed by hose wi h amid ib whose unc ion was– in
asimila way o he spea heads– o s eng hen he blade s uc u e (Fig. 8: 1 - Osijek -Zeleno
polje, g a e 29; Fig. 11: 2 - Poža e ac; Fig. 11: 3 - Lipo ac), and swo ds wi h alens -shaped blade
sec ion (Fig. 7: 4; Kupino o). Beginning in LT B2 agene al end can be obse ed in La Tène
swo ds in which hei leng h inc eases and in la e s ages hei p e iously sha p ip becomes
blun e , ans o ming hem hus by LT D1 om a oo -soldie cu -and - h us swo d in o an
Fig. 6: Dis ibu ion o Ea ly La Tène swo ds and scabba ds in he sou h -eas Alps and sou he n
Pannonia (small do – one specimen; la ge do – mo e specimens; black – zoomo phic ly e;
anspa en - pai o g i ins).
106 STUDIA HERCYNIA XXIV/2
up o 1-me e -long ca al y weapon adap ed only o cu s (Leja s 1996; Dizda 2009b; e c.).
In spi e o his gene al end, he e is aconside able size a ia ion o he swo ds om Ea ly
La Tène con ex s (o ea u ing clea Ea ly La Tène cha ac e is ics). Thei leng h anges om
69.5 cm in he case o he swo d om Kupino o (Fig. 7: 4) up o he ex eme 88 cm o he ind
om g a e 1 in O eho a as nea Ma ibo (G ahek 2015, 295, ig. 3: 1). The So in swo d, wi h
i s 72.4 cm, alls wi hin he sho e examples o his ange. He e we ha e o keep in mind
he necessa ily indi idual cha ac e o weapon y which o ace ain ex en could ha e been
adap ed o he pe sonal needs and s a u e o each indi idual swo dsman. I is, howe e , also
possible, ha he size a ia ion may e lec di e en igh ing echniques wi h he la ge exam-
ples enabling i s use bo h on oo and moun ed. This hypo hesis is suppo ed by wo ela i ely
long swo ds (leng h o e 80 cm) disco e ed in Bizjako a hiša nea Koba id (Mlina – Ge bec
2011, ca . nos. 3–5), acul ic con ex wi h as ong ca al y componen – which u he yielded
also se e al bi s and me allic componen s o aho se ha ness as well as os eological emains
o a leas six ho ses o he so -called wes e n Cel ic ype (Toškan 2011).
DECORATION OF THE EARLY LA TÈNE SCABBARDS (DRAGON PAIR MOTIF /
MOTIFS OF AGRIFFIN PAIR AND ZOOMORPHIC LYRE)
As has al eady been desc ibed, he scabba d o he So in swo d is deco a ed wi h apai o
g i ins ( ype 2A). De Na a o in his classi ica ion o he mo i (‘d agon pai ype I’ in his y-
pology) pu o h i s o igin in he Ca pa hian Basin unde he in luence o Scy hian models
Fig. 7: Ea ly La Tène swo ds and scabba ds om sou h -eas e n Pannonia: 1– Ša eng ad; 2– Dalj;
3– Mikluše ci (pho o: A chaeological Museum in Zag eb); 4–6– Kupino o (a e D nić 2015).
113IVAN DRNIĆ
om he same si e i is possible o assume, wi h some p ecau ion, ha he chain was used o
suspending he scabba d (Fig. 11: 3; Majna ić -Pandžić 1970, 102, pl. 56: 1–4). As many as i e
longe chain elemen s o his ype come om he des oyed g a es om Kupino o (Fig. 12;
D nić 2015, 64-65, pl. 29: 1–3, 5; pl. 44: 2), and one sho e piece is kep wi h he inds ob ained
du ing non -p o essional ea ly 20 h cen u y exca a ions in Dalj (Fig. 11: 4).
Cu iously, only asingle chain elemen o he Ka abuma 111 ype is known om he e i-
o y o he Moko onog g oup, ha om g a e 9 om he si e o Kandija in No o mes o. I was
published as ad awing in 1950 (S a e 1950, 47, ig. 12), bu un o una ely i s p esen condi ion
does no allow o any u he analysis.
I is impo an o poin ou ha some o he chain elemen s, including hose o Ka abu ma
111 ype, used in he LT B2–C1 bel se s in he Ca pa hian Basin a e iden ical o hose used in
emale cos umes so ha in he case o chance inds wi hou aclea a chaeological con ex i is
no possible o dis inguish whe he hey come om male o emale g a es. Mos o he g a es
wi h emale cos umes ha include chain elemen s o he Ka abu ma 111 ype a e egis e ed
in wes e n and no h -wes e n pa s o he Ca pa hian Basin (Ho á h 1987, 89–90, 106–107,
123, pl. 11: 11, 21: 8a, 32: 8; Bujna 2011, 74–75, ype Gk -B).
In an e o o p oduce mo e com o able bel se s, ce ain echnological changes in he
cons uc ion occu – p ima ily, he hooks shi ed om he sho e o he longe chain segmen ,
chain links g ew sho e , and he en i e bel s became ligh e . One o he i s ypes which
esul ed om hese changes is he Mok onog/Ce e olo ype wi h i s cha ac e is ic la ge ci -
cula loops a bo h ends o he sho e chain and on one side o he longe elemen (Fig. 10).2
As was he case wi h he p e ious ype, only one specimen om sou h -eas e n Pannonia
comes om an asce ained g a e assemblage– asho e chain elemen om he c ema ion
bu ial 71 om Belg ade -Ka abu ma which was ound oge he wi h aben swo d and spea
head, and aband shaped ec angula shield boss (Fig. 13; Todo o ić 1972, 29, pl. 25, g a e
71: 1–5). As many as h ee pieces come om he ques ionable g a e assemblages om Osijek
(g a es 2, 6, 37; Spajić 1954, 9, 11, pl. 1: 6–7, 2:17a; Spajić 1962, 43, 46; Majna ić -Pandžič 2007, ig.
2:1). Two specimens om ades oyed g a e in No i Bano ci and Dalj a e kep in he deposi s o
he A chaeological Museum in Zag eb (D nić 2015, 65, ig. 17), and asho chain segmen om
Dalj, also wi hou in o ma ion abou i s ind con ex is held in Be lin (Jenny 1932, 240, ig. 3: 4).
In his classi ica ion o he La Tène ma e ial cul u e in sou he n Pannonia and he sou h -eas e n
Alps (Mok onog and Belg ade g oups), D agan Božič da ed chain elemen s o he Mok onog/
Ce e olo ype o LT B2, i.e. phases Belg ade 1, and Mok onog 1 (Božič 1981, 317; Božič 1987, 869,
ig. 43: 3; Božič 1999, 209). Howe e , since hey a e, as ama e o ac , echnologically mo e
ad anced han he chain elemen s o he Ka abu ma 111 ype, some au ho s da ed hem o he
ansi ion o LT B2 and C1, and o he beginning o LT C1 (Rapin 1995, 283–284, ig. 10; Bujna
2006, 209–210, ig. 3). Thei somewha la e ch onology is con i med by he g a e 446 in he
Kapi eljska nji a ceme e y in No o mes o which con ained an olde (LT B2) swo d and spea
head wi h ab oad blade, bu also an LT B2/C1 b ooch (Fig. 13: 2; K iž 2005, 95, pl.79–80).
Ano he example o Mok onog/Ce e olo ype was ound in g a e 466 oge he wi h simila
ibula, bu wi h he in e nal cho d, ben swo d in scabba ds o ype GSA 3, and ben spea head
wi h b oad blade (K iž 2005, 95, pl. 79–80). Mo eo e , he analysis o LT B2 g a e assemblages
in he e i o y o he Ca pa hian Basin demons a ed ha no e en in asingle case do he
Mok onog/Ce e olo ype chain elemen s appea in associa ion wi h wo- o h ee -piece shield
bosses which ep esen amo e a chaic o m han hose made in asingle piece. On he o he
2 The e m Mok onog o his o m o he chain elemen s was in oduced by D. Božič in 1981, while
A. Rapin used he e m ype Ce e olo in his 1995 s udy.

114 STUDIA HERCYNIA XXIV/2
Fig. 12: Chain elemen s o he bel se s o he Ka abu ma 111 ype om Kupino o, Se bia (a e
D nić 2015).
115IVAN DRNIĆ
hand, he chain elemen s o he Ka abu ma 111 ype a e o en ound oge he wi h he olde
ypes o shield bosses (Dubnik, g . 25: Bujna 1989, 274, pl. 29: 3; Maňa, g . 28 and 101: Benadik
1983, 24, 47, pl. 13: 3, 36: 7; Pişcol : g . 164: Néme i 1989, 91, ig. 14: 2a–b; e c.), and in some cases
wi h he e en mo e a chaic shields wi h small ci cula i ings (Cu uiuşeni, g . 14: Teleagǎ
2008, 136, pl. 10: 14.6; Ludas -Va jú -dűlő, g . 703: Szabó– Tankó 2012, 34–35, pl. 16: 6). (Tab.1).
Jus like he chain elemen s o he p e iously discussed ype, he Mok onog/Ce e olo ype
also made pa o emale cos umes and can be ound in emale g a es om he end o LT B2
and LT C1 (Bujna 2011, 76–79, ype Gk -C1; No o mes o -Kapi eljska nji a, g . 194; Ludas -Va jú-
-dűlő - g a e 657, e c.), and e en in LT C2 as is clea om he examples om he g a es om
Z onimi o o -Veliko polje ceme e y, C oa ia (Dizda 2009a, 273; Dizda 2013, 214).
CONCLUSIONS
The swo d analysed in his pape hin s a he p esence o ag a e da ed o he end o he 4 h
cen u y and beginning o he 3 d cen u y BC somewhe e in he a ea o oday’s illage o So in.
The occupa ion o his a ea in his ea lies phase o he La e I on Age (LT B2) is also sugges ed
by se e al chance inds (b ooches, b acele s) om he assumed posi ion o he La Tène se le-
men . Tha was he pe iod o p o ound cul u al and o ace ain ex en demog aphic changes in
mos pa s o he Ca pa hian Basin, including sou h -eas e n Pannonia, wi h he in oduc ion
o he La Tène ma e ial cul u e. The in lux o he new g oups om he no h -wes oge he
wi h he adap a ion o he local Ea ly I on Age popula ion esul ed in he o ma ion o he
new communi ies and he new cul u al landscape. I seems om he a ailable a chaeological
eco d (mos ly bu ials) ha he ole o he wa io s was somewha di e en , possibly mo e
p ominen , in he newly o med communi ies in compa ison o he Ea ly I on Age adi ion
o he egion. In his ini ial phase o he La e I on Age (LT B2) wen y o mo e g a es wi h
Fig. 13: 1 – Belg ade-Ka abu ma, g a e 71 (a e Todo o ić 1972); 2 – No o mes o-Kapi eljska nji a,
g a e 111 (a e K iž 2005).
116 STUDIA HERCYNIA XXIV/2
mul iple
small ound
shield
i ings
Bi al e /
i al e
shield
bosses
Ka abu ma
111 ype
band-shaped
shield
bosses
Mok onog /
Ce e olo
ype
Cu uiuşeni, g a e 14
Ludas – Va jú-dűlő, g a e 703
Manne sdo , g a e 230
Cho ín, g a e 2
Cho ín, g a e 7
Dubník, g a e 15
Dubník, g a e 25
Maňa, g a e 28
Maňa, g a e 101
Pişcol , g a e 164
Pişcol , g a e 173
Kosd, g ob 2
Magya sze edahely – H. Dűlő, g a e 30
Somogy ú , g a e 2
Cho ín, g a e 16
Cho ín, g a e 28
Cho ín, g a e 47
T no ec nad Vahom, g a e 111
T no ec nad Vahom, g a e 537
Dezmi , g a e 3
Ludas – Va jú-dűlő, g a e 686
Ludas – Va jú-dűlő, g a e 879
Sajópe i – Homoki-Szőlőske , g a e 54/122
Ba ina (?)
Hu bano o-Konkol‘, g a e 18/64
Inze sdo
Budapes –Csepel, g a e 149
No o mes o–Kapi eljska nji a, g a es 71 and 111
Belg ade–Ka abu ma, g a e 71
Ce e olo
Tab.1: The associa ion o he chain elemen s o he Ka abu ma 111 and Mok onog/Ce e olo y-
pes wi h wo-/ h ee -piece shield bosses in Ea ly La Tène g a es in he Ca pa hian Basin and
no he n I aly.
117IVAN DRNIĆ
weapons con i ms he in oduc ion o new weapon y, cha ac e is ic o Cen al Eu opean La
Tène cul u e (swo d in scabba d, bel se s, spea , and shield), and consequen ly implying he
eme gence o new concep s o comba , bu also adi e en ep esen a ion o he wa io s in
he bu ial i ual. This new ype o weapon y, eco ded en masse in he egions be ween he
A lan ic and Ca pa hians, does no only poin o he in oduc ion o anew ma e ial cul u e,
bu also he dissemina ion o aunique wa io ideology sha ed by wa io eli es o nume ous
communi ies in empe a e Eu ope in he 4
h
–3
d
cen u ies BC h ough sup a - egional ne wo ks
o communica ion. Impo an isual codes in he ans e o ha ideology we e a ious sym-
bols used o communica e ce ain messages, o en applied o ha e y weapon y. The mos
nume ous among hese symbols, possibly o an apo opaic unc ion, we e depic ions o apai
o g i ins (o d agons in olde in e p e a ions) and he mo i o azoomo phic ly e.
Thus, he So in swo d wi h i s scabba d ca ying he mo i o apai o g i ins ( ype 2A) is
also impo an om an iconog aphic poin o iew. The only o he scabba d deco a ed wi h
he same mo i known o da e om sou h -eas e n Pannonia is he one om g a e 29 om
Osijek -Zeleno polje. Al hough he a chaeological con ex o he So in ind is unknown, we
ound i aluable, because each new ind is use ul o abe e unde s anding o his emblem-
a ic symbol. The s udy by Na alie Ginoux (2007) p o ided an o e iew o he en i e co pus o
he specimens published up o ha poin (152 pieces al oge he ) bu anumbe o new inds
ha e appea ed since hen. Ou o hem we may highligh he pieces om he e y in e es ing
and impo an cul con ex in Koba id (Fig. 14: 1; Mlina – Ge bec 2011); he swo d om
he bo om o he Ri e Ce ina (C oa ia), ou side he a ea o La Tène cul u e, which was in-
e p e ed in he key o possible me cena y ac i i ies o he Cel s om he wes e n Ad ia ic
sho e (Fig. 14: 2; Ka u – Blečić Ka u 2014); o he scabba d om g a e 218 in Dü nbe g
nea Hallein (Aus ia) deco a ed wi h apai o g i ins which could– alongside he specimens
om La Tène and Pon oux– ep esen he s ylis ic p o o ype o he classical mo i (Fig. 14: 3;
Mose – Tie eng abe – Wil schke -Sch o a 2012, 144, 180, pl. 140: 12).
An impo an elemen in he s udy o he La Tène swo ds and i s use as he mos emblema ic
weapon o he La e I on Age wa io s is an unde s anding o he cons uc ion o he bel se s
used o hei suspension. This echnical inno a ion wi h semi - igid and chain pa s appea ed
in se e al egions o he La Tène cul u e in he second hal o he 4 h cen u y BC, and i wen
h ough signi ican de elopmen o e he cou se o he nex cen u y wi h se e al di e en
a ian s. Th ough a ho ough ypological and echnological s udy o hese objec s, oge he wi h
Fig. 14: G i in pai depic ions om 1– Koba id (Mlina – Ge bec 2011); 2– Ce ina (Ka u – Ble-
čić Ka u 2014); 3– Dü nbe g nea Hallein, g . 218 (Mose – Tie eng abe – Wil schke-
-Sch o a 2012).
118 STUDIA HERCYNIA XXIV/2
o he elemen s o weapon y, i is possible o econs uc apid changes o he o ms in his u -
bulen pe iod, as we ha e shown in he case o Ka abu ma 111 and he Mok onog/Ce e olo ypes,
bu also he c ea i e po en ial o he c a smen who we e he d i ing o ce o ha de elopmen .
In he end, he case o he So in swo d shows he impo ance o he e -s udying o old inds
and he execu ion o adequa e conse a ion in e en ions, because in he ini ial publica ion
he mo i o apai o g i ins on i s scabba d was no e en ecognized. Simila deco a ion on
La Tène weapon y will no wai o e e o be disco e ed unde he co osion which des oys
i i e e sibly. The la ge quan i ies o a e ac s in museum collec ions in he egion de ini ely
p omise mo e su p ises in he u u e.
LIST OF FINDS
Finds o Ea ly La Tène swo ds in he con ex s o he Negau phase o he Doljenska Halls a g oup
1. Magdalenska go a -Laščik: 1. G a e V/29– swo d wi hou ascabba d; 2. G a e V/19-20; 3. g a e V/26a (Gab-
o ec 1987, 72, ig. 6: 1; Tecco H ala 2012, 133–134, ig. 52: 5–8).
2. No o Mes o -Kapi eljska nji a: g a e XV/5 (K iž 2013, 48, 143–144, ig. 42, pl. 68: 8).
Finds o Ea ly La Tène swo ds and scabba ds in sou he n Pannonia and he sou h ‑eas e n Alps
Slo enia
1. Koba id -Bizjako a hiža (cul place): 1. Swo d in ascabba d o ype GSA 3(?); 2. Swo d wi h asmall p ese ed
agmen o scabba d; 3. Swo d wi h ap ese ed lowe pa o scabba d wi h achape ype Kosd C / GSA
3; 4. Swo d in ascabba d o he ype Kosd A/ GSA 1; 5. Swo d in ascabba d o he ype Kosd C / GSA 3
deco a ed wi h apai o d agons ( ype I) / g i ins ( ype 2A) (Mlina – Ge bec 2011, 36, 62–65, ca . no. 1–5).
2. Ma ibo -Pob ežje: swo d wi hou ascabba d (Pahič 1966, 312, ab.13: 4; Božič 1987, 869, pl. 85: 1).
3. O eho a as nea Ma ibo : 1. g a e 1– swo d in ascabba d o ype Kosd C o D / GSA 3; 2. G a e 3: swo d
in ascabba d ype Kosd C? / GSA 3 (G ahek 2015, 295, 300–301, ig. 3: 1; 4: 1).
4. S ednica nea Zgodnja Hajdina, P uj: g a e 9– swo d in ascabba d o ype Kosd A1 / GSA 1 (Lubšina–
Tušek– Ka u 2011, 44–48, ig. 11: 6).
5. Mok onog: 1. Swo d in ascabba d o he hi d g oup o scabba ds deco a ed in Hunga ian swo d s yle; 2.
Swo d in ascabba d wi h an unclea deco a ion below he scabba d mou h (Gab o ec 1966, ab.1: 1, 3:
2; Božič 1987, 869, sl.43: 2).
6. No o mes o -Ma o : 1. Swo d wi hou ascabba d; 2. Swo d in ascabba d (Knez 1966, 391–392, pl. 1: 1–2;
Božič 1987, 869, ig. 43: 1).
7. No o mes o -Kandija: g a e 9 – swo d wi hou a scabba d (S a e 1950, 47).
8. No o mes o -Kapi eljska nji a: 1. g a e 71– swo d in ascabba d o ype GSA 2; 2. g a e 111– swo d in ascab-
ba d; 3. g a e 466– swo d in ascabba d o ype GSA 1; 4.– g a e 555 swo d in ascabba d o ype GSA 3
deco a ed wi h apai o d agons ( yp II) / zoomo phic ly e ( ype 1 A); 5.– g a e 620 swo d in ascabba d
o ype Kosd A/ GSA 1; 6. g a e 641– swo d in ascabba d; (K iž 2001, 26, 82, 86, 123, 135, 141, 144, ca . no.
5253, 83, 302, 363364, 403, 416; K iž 2005, 46, 95, 98, pl. 7: 3, 80: 2, 91: 5).
C oa ia
9. Ba ina: swo d in ascabba d o ype Kosd B / GSA 1 deco a ed in he ea ly Hunga ian swo d s yle (Vinski-
-Gaspa ini 1959, 282, pl. 1: 1; Todo o ić 1968, 139, pl. 3–5; Szabó 1991, 309; Szabó– Pe es 1992, 108, ca .
no. 102, pl. 99).
10. Osijek -Zeleno polje: g a e 29 (?)– swo d in ascabba d deco a ed wi h apai o d agons ( ype I) / g i ins
( ype 2A) (Spajić 1962, 40–41, pl. 16: 12; Božič 1981, 317, pl. 2, 6: 1).
11. Dalj: swo d in ascabba d wi h ap ese ed chape o ype Kosd C / GSA 2 (Majna ić -Pandžić 1970, 81, pl.
8: 1–1a).
12. So in: swo d in ascabba d deco a ed wi h apai o d agons ( ype I) / g i ins ( ype 2A) (Majna ić-
-Pandžić 1970, 93, pl. 33: 4–4a).
13. Ša eng ad: swo d wi hou ascabba d (B unšmid 1900, 68, ig. 58).

119IVAN DRNIĆ
14. Lipo ac: swo d wi hou ascabba d (Majna ić -Pandžić 1970, 102, pl. 56: 1).
15. Mikluše ci: swo d wi hou ascabba d (Majna ić -Pandžić 1970, 91, pl. 29: 3).
16. Ce ina: swo d in ascabba d o ype Kosd D / GSA 3 deco a ed wi h apai o d agons ( ype 2) / zoomo phic
ly e ( ype 1) (Ka u – Blečić Ka u 2014).
Bosnia and He zego ina
17. D o o i nea Bijeljina: agmen o ascabba d deco a ed wi h apai o d agons ( ype II) / zoomo phic
ly e ( ype 1B) (Ma ić 1961; Szabó– Pe es 1992, ca . no. 117, pl. 117: 1).
Se bia
18. Čalma: swo d in ascabba d (Jo ano ić, M. 2018, 11–13, ig. 2).
19. Ruma -Bo ko ac: swo d in ascabba d o ype Kosd D / GSA 3 (Todo o ić 1968, 149, pl. 41: 1–3; Szabó–
Pe es 1992, 116, ca . no. 137, pl. 123: 1).
20. S emska Mi o ica (o Voj odina): agmen o ascabba d deco a ed wi h apai o d agons ( ype II) /
zoomo phic ly e ( ype 1B) (Szabó– Pe es 1992, ca . no. 127, pl. 119: 1).
21. Kupino o: 1. Ben swo d wi hou ascabba d; 2. Lowe pa o aswo d blade; 3. Lowe pa o ascabba d
wi h achape ype Kosd C / GSA 3; (Majna ić -Pandžić 1970, 83, pl. 12: 7; D nić 2015, 129, pl. 1: 1–2, pl. 12: 1).
22. Belg ade -Ka abu ma: 1. g a e 22– swo d in ascabba d o ype Kosd D / GSA 3; 2. g a e 51– swo d in
ascabba d ype Kosd B / GSA 1; 3. G a e 66– swo d in scabba d o ype Kosd C / GSA 3 deco a ed wi h
apai o d agons ( ype II) / zoomo phic ly e ( ype 1B); 4. G a e 111– swo d in ascabba d o ype Kosd C
/ GSA 3 (Todo o ić 1972, 17, 24, 28, 34–35, pl. 7: 2. 19: 2, 25: 1, 33: 4; Božič 1981, 317, pl. 2, 10: 1–3).
23. Pećine nea Kos olac: g a e 38– swo d in ascabba d deco a ed wi h apai o d agons ( ype II) / zoomo -
phic ly e ( ype 1B) (Jo ano ić 2014, 28, ig. 5; Jo ano ić, B. 2018, 91–94, ig. 33, pl. 47–48).
24. Poža e ac: swo d in ascabba d (Božič 1981, 317, pl. 2, 6: 5).
Finds o chain elemen s o he Ka abu ma 111 ype in he Ca pa hian Basin (g a es wi h weapons):
Aus ia
1. G abelsdo -G aca ca: ‘g a e’ A15/A21, ceno aph? (Glei sche 2009, 147–149, ig. 5: 2a–b).
2. Manne sdo : g a e 230 (Ramsl 2011, 103, pl. 228).
3. Obe sbu g-G aca ca: (Glei sche 2009, 157, ig. 8: 3a–c).
4. Dü nbe g nea Hallein: Mose s ein, g a e 9 (Penninge 1972, 48, pl. 7: 9)
Slo akia
5. Cho ín: g a es 2, 7, 16, 28, 47 (Ra imo ská 1981, 17, 27, 35, 56, 78, pl. 5: 3, 8: 7, 13: 4, 21: 10, 28: 5).
6. Dubník: g a es 15, 25, 30 (Bujna 1989, 260, 274, 279, pl. 12: 5, 29: 3, 32: 2).
6. Maňa: g a es 28, 101 (Benadik 1983, 24, 47, pl. 13: 3, 36: 7).
7. T no ec nad Váhom -Ho ný Ja o : g a es 111, 460, 537 (Benadik – Vlček – Amb oz 1957, 16, 31–32, 36, ig. 5:
11–12, 14, pl. 1: 4, 10: 2, 12: 1, 5).
Slo enia
8. No o mes o -Kandija: g a e 9 (S a e 1950, 47, ig. 12).
Romania
9. Cu uiuşeni: g a e 14 (Teleagǎ 2008, 136, pl. 10: 14.6).
10. Cluj -Napoca: Dezmi , g a e 3 (C işan 1964, 97–99, pl. 2: 10, 14; Be ecki 2015, 104–105).
11. Pişcol : g a es 164, 173 (?) (Néme i 1989, 91, 95, ig. 14.2a–b, 16: 4b–c).
Hunga y
12. Bala ongyö ök -Kö esmező: g a e 1 (Helleb and 1999, 71, pl. 2: 4).
13. Kosd: g a e 2 (Ginoux 2007, 161, pl. 46).
14. Ludas– Va jú -dűlő: g a es 686, 703, 879 (Szabó– Tankó 2012, 30, 34–35, 44, pl. 11: 3, 16: 6, 22: 8).
15. Magya sze edahely– Homoki dűlő: g a e 30 (Ho á h 1987, 94, pl. 13: 3).
16. Somogy ú : g a e 2 (Szabó– Néme h 1999-2000, 25–252, ig. 2, 5, ig. 7: 6a– ; Ginoux 2007, 163, pl. 51).
17. Sajópe i– Homoki -Szőlőske : g a e 54/122 (Szabó ed. 2018, 83, pl. 32: 5).
120 STUDIA HERCYNIA XXIV/2
C oa ia
18. Ba ina (Vinski -Gaspa ini 1959, 282, pl. 1: 4–6).
19. Lipo ac (?) (Majna ić -Pandžić 1970, 102, pl. 56: 1).
Se bia
20. Beog ad -Ka abu ma: g a e 111 (Todo o ić 1972, 35, pl. 33: 1–2).
21. Poža e ac (?) (Božič 1982, 317, pl. 6: 6).
Finds o chain elemen s o he Ka abu ma 111 ype in he Ca pa hian Basin (g a es wi hou weapons):
Aus ia
1. G abelsdo -G aca ca: g a e 21 (Glei sche 2009, ig. 5: 2a–b).
Slo akia
2. Bajč -Vlkano e: g a e 52 (?) (Benadik 1960, 404, pl. 11: 12).
3. Maňa: g a es 113, 131 (Benadik 1983, 51, 61, pl. 41: 11, 53: 10).
4. Palá iko o: g a es 27, 30, 86 (Bujna 2011, 76, pl. 50, ig. 33: 6a–b).
Romania
5. Ciumeş i: g a e 18 (Zi a 1967, 10, ig. 5: 8).
Hunga y
6. Magya sze edahely– Homoki dűlő: g a e 13 (Ho á h 1987, 90, pl. 11: 11).
7. O dacsehi: g a es 27, 30 (Néme h– Zo mann– Ba osiewi z 2002, 59–60, ig. 3, pl. 2: 10, 3: 1).
8. Rezi -Rezicse i sandpi : g a es 22, 64 (Ho á h 1987, 106–107, 123, pl. 21: 8, 32: 8).
9. Sá oly: g a e 1 (Ho á 1973, 81, pl. 66: 6).
S ay inds o chain elemen s o he Ka abu ma 111 ype in he Ca pa hian Basin
Aus ia
1. G abelsdo -G aca ca (Glei sche 2009, ig. 5: 6–8).
Slo akia
2. T enčianske Teplice (?) (Pie a 2000, pl. 6: 17–18).
Hunga y
3. Rezi -Rezicse i, sandpi (Ho á h 1987, 123, pl. 34: 5).
4. Vác (?) (Helleb and 1999, pl. 20: 1).
C oa ia
5. Dalj (Fig. 11: 4; unpublished).
Se bia
6. Kupino o (Majna ić -Pandžić 1970, pl. 11: 4, 12: 2; D nić 2015, pl. 29: 1–5, 44: 2).
Finds o chain elemen s o he Moko nog/Ce e olo ype in g a es wi h weapons in Cen al Eu ope and
no he n I aly
Ge many
1. S aubing, g a e 3 (K äme 1985, 149, pl. 84: 4).
Slo akia
2. Hu bano o -Konkol’, g a e 18/64 (Bujna 2006, 205, 209–210, ig. 3, pl. 1: 2).
Aus ia
3. Inze sdo (Neugebaue 1996, 127, pl. 26: 2).
121IVAN DRNIĆ
Hunga y
4. Budapes -Csepel: g a e 149 (Ho á h 2014, 253, ig. 4: 1–2).
Slo enia
5. No o mes o -Kapi eljska nji a: g a es 71, 111, 466 (K iž 2001, 82, 124, ca . no. 56–57, 306; K iž 2005, 46, 95,
pl. 7: 7, 79: 6).
6. No o mes o -Ma o : umulus A, g a e 22 (?) (Knez 1966, 392, pl. 2: 6).
Romania
7. Sanislau (Zi a 1971, 188, ig. 8; Zi a 1974, 148, ig. 6: 1–1a).
Se bia
8. Belg ade -Ka abu ma: g a e 71 (Todo o ić 1972, 29, pl. 25, g a e 71:3).
I aly
9. Mon e Bibele -Mon e Tambu ino: g a es 85, 116 (Leja s 2008, 137, 205, 212).
10. Ce e olo (K u a Poppi 1979, 13, ig 2: 4–5).
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