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SUSTAINABLE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE
POSTAL SECTOR – EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT
Ma iana S eni ze o á1, Ka a ína Š almacho á2
Abs ac : The pos al sec o has a leading posi ion and many inno a ions in global co po a e
sus ainabili y. Thanks o he success o he En i onmen al Measu emen and Moni o ing
Sys em (EMMS), he sec o is conside ed a pionee in ca bon managemen . In o de o
main ain his posi ion, he p og am mus ex end and align i s p og am and goals wi h he
Sus ainable De elopmen Goals (SDG). 19 pos al companies, as p og am s akeholde s,
launched he nex phase o he p og am - The Sus ainabili y Measu emen and Managemen
Sys em (SMMS). In esponse, many pos al companies ha e al eady se s a egies and s a ed
wo king on opics ha suppo sus ainable de elopmen goals. The pape p esen s bes
p ac ices o pos al companies in mee ing he sus ainable de elopmen goals.
Keywo ds: pos al sec o sus ainabili y, sus ainable de elopmen goals, sus ainable human
esou ces managemen , employee engagemen
In oduc ion
Sus ainabili y aimed a mee ing cu en needs wi hou comp omising he abili y o
u u e gene a ions o mee hei needs is a cu en opic o he 21s cen u y. The sus ainabili y
concep , based on h ee pilla s, economic, en i onmen al and social, is also ele an o
companies ope a ing in he pos al sec o . The sus ainabili y s a egy is an impo an pa o he
de elopmen s a egy o many pos al companies. Today, he s a egic de elopmen goals o
pos al companies a e no only conce ned wi h en i onmen al issues, bu also pay a en ion o
he sus ainable human esou ces managemen . Employee heal h and sa e y, decen wo k,
aining and employee de elopmen a e an impo an pa o he sus ainable de elopmen o
pos al companies.
Sus ainabili y in he pos al sec o
The 2030 Agenda o Sus ainable De elopmen , adop ed by all Uni ed Na ions
Membe S a es in 2015, p o ides a sha ed bluep in o peace and p ospe i y o people and
he plane , now and in o he u u e. A i s hea a e he 17 Sus ainable De elopmen Goals
(SDGs), which a e an u gen call o ac ion by all coun ies - de eloped and de eloping - in a
global pa ne ship. They ecognize ha ending po e y and o he dep i a ions mus go hand-
1 doc. Ing. Ma iana S eni ze o á, PhD., Žilinská uni e zi a Žiline, Fakul a p e ádzky a ekonomiky dop a y a
spojo , Ka ed a spojo , Uni e zi ná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, el. 041 5133131, e-mail:
[email p o ec ed]
2 Ing. Ka a ína Š almacho á, Žilinská uni e zi a Žiline, Fakul a p e ádzky a ekonomiky dop a y a spojo ,
Ka ed a spojo , Uni e zi ná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, el. 041 5133144, e-mail:
ka a ina.s almacho a@ pedas.uniza.sk
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in-hand wi h s a egies ha imp o e heal h and educa ion, educe inequali y, and spu
economic g ow h – all while ackling clima e change and wo king o p ese e ou oceans and
o es s [1].
The pos al sec o has a leading posi ion and many inno a ions in he ield o global
co po a e sus ainabili y. Thanks o he success o he En i onmen al Measu emen and
Moni o ing Sys em (EMMS), he sec o is conside ed a pionee in ca bon managemen .
Howe e , he message o he s akeholde s is clea : in o de o main ain his posi ion, he
p og am needs o ex end and align i s p og am goals wi h he UN Sus ainable De elopmen
Goals (SDG) [2].
IPC’s En i onmen al Measu emen and Moni o ing Sys em (EMMS) p og amme is a
sec o -wide ini ia i e ac ing o mi iga e he pos al indus y’s con ibu ion o global wa ming.
I akes a collabo a i e app oach o educing ca bon emissions and imp o ing ca bon
managemen . The EMMS p og amme was de eloped in 2008 in esponse o s akeholde and
CEO eques s o he pos al sec o o minimise i s ca bon oo p in . This was a esul o
conce ns ega ding he con ibu ion o he sec o o g eenhouse gas emissions. The EMMS
p og amme is a global ini ia i e, consis ing o 19 pa icipan s om ou egions – A ica,
Asia-Paci ic, Eu ope and No h Ame ica: An Pos (I eland), Aus alian Pos al Co p
(Aus alia), Aus ian Pos (Aus ia), bpos (Belgium), Co eos (Spain), CTT Po ugal Pos
(Po ugal), Deu sche Pos DHL G oup (Ge many), Le G oupe La Pos e (F ance), New
Zealand Pos G oup (New Zealand), POST Luxembou g (Luxembou g), Pos e I aliane (I aly),
Pos en No ge (No way), Pos i (Finland), Pos NL (The Ne he lands), Pos No d (Denma k &
Sweden), Royal Mail G oup (Uni ed Kingdom), Sou h A ican Pos O ice (Sou h A ica),
Swiss Pos (Swi ze land), Uni ed S a es Pos al Se ice (Uni ed S a es).
The o iginal EMMS a ge s we e se in 2009 ollowing a pilo in 2008. The o iginal 20
pa icipan s o he p og amme collec i ely se ambi ious a ge s o be achie ed by 2020,
compa ed o he 2008 baseline:
 To educe combined ca bon emissions om own ope a ions by 20% – achie ed in
2014.
 To achie e a sco e o a leas 90% in ca bon managemen p o iciency – achie ed in
2018.
Bo h a ge s we e me be o e he 2020 a ge yea . In 2014, he g oup achie ed i s
ca bon emissions a ge , six yea s ahead o schedule. As o 2018, he g oup has educed
annual Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 27% compa ed wi h 2008. Pa icipan s collec i ely ag eed
on a deli e y e iciency a ge , measu ing he ca bon emissions associa ed wi h each deli e y,
and also expanding he scope o include ou sou ced anspo :
 To achie e a 20% educ ion in Scope 1, 2 and 3 ( om own ope a ions and ou sou ced
anspo ) ca bon emissions pe le e mail and pe pa cel by 2025, om a 2013
baseline yea [3].
Sus ainabili y Measu emen and Managemen Sys em (SMMS)
The global sus ainabili y agenda has e ol ed signi ican ly since he launch o he
EMMS p og amme in 2008. De elopmen s such as he Pa is Ag eemen and he se ing o he
UN Sus ainable De elopmen Goals (SDGs) demons a ed an appe i e o in e na ional
coope a ion. Following en yea s o epo ing on ca bon emissions and ca bon managemen ,
he g oup now launch o he nex phase o he p og amme – he Sus ainabili y Moni o ing and
Measu emen Sys em (SMMS). In esponse, many pos al companies ha e al eady se
s a egies and begun wo king on hemes ha u he he aims o he SDGs. Toge he ,
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s akeholde s and pa icipan s iden i ied he ollowing i e SDGs ha a e mos ele an o he
pos al sec o :
SDG 8 - Decen wo k and economic g ow h
SDG 9 - Indus y, inno a ion and in as uc u e
SDG 11 - Sus ainable ci ies and communi ies
SDG 12 - Responsible consump ion and p oduc ion
SDG 13 - Clima e ac ion
Each SDG has se e al sub- a ge s. The pa icipan s ag eed on se en ope a ional a eas
on which o ocus hei u u e p og amme:
 Heal h and sa e y
Decen wo k and economic g ow h (SDG 8)
 Lea ning and de elopmen
Decen wo k and economic g ow h (SDG 8)
 Resou ce e iciency
Indus y, inno a ion and in as uc u e (SDG 9)
 Clima e change
Clima e ac ion (SDG 13)
 Ai quali y
Sus ainable ci ies and communi ies (SDG 11)
 Ci cula economy
Sus ainable ci ies and communi ies (SDG 11)
 Sus ainable p ocu emen
Responsible consump ion and p oduc ion (SDG 12) [4].
Sus ainable human esou ces managemen – employee engagemen
Employees o pos al companies ha e been ac i ely engaged in mee ing he
sus ainabili y goals de ined in he sus ainabili y s a egies o indi idual pos al ope a o s.
Employee in e es in hese ac i i ies is inc easing signi ican ly (Figu e 1). They ecei e
aining, engage in sus ainabili y p ojec s sol ed, p omo e sus ainabili y awa eness [4].
Fig.1 Employee engagemen o pos al companies on he SMMS p og am [4]
Deu sche Pos DHL G oup (DPDHL) has launched a aining p og amme o i s o e
hal a million employees o accele a e a cul u al change wi hin he company and suppo he
goal o becoming a ze o-emissions logis ics company by 2050. The aim o he p og amme
"Mission 2050" is o educa e employees on he o e all con ex o clima e change, unde s and
he G oup’s clima e p o ec ion s a egy and ac i ely con ibu e o achie ing he a ge . By
2025, DPDHL G oup plans o ain 80% o i s employees as Ce i ied GoG een Specialis s.
The cu iculum is modula o accoun o di e en oles, wo king en i onmen s and
knowledge le els. The ounda ion module is he same o e e yone; i con eys basic
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knowledge abou clima e change, he G oup’s clima e p o ec ion s a egy, he G oup-wide
clima e p o ec ion p og amme GoG een and conc e e ac ions e e yone can ake o educe
hei ca bon oo p in . The e a e addi ional, ad anced modules o di e en di isions and
unc ions, which p o ide employees wi h speci ic knowledge on how o be mo e ca bon
e icien in hei oles. The ision he G oup pu sues wi h he educa ional employee
p og amme is o build a GoG een Specialis cul u e whe e employees a e inspi ed o adop a
GoG een mindse and a e capable o suppo ing he achie emen o Mission 2050 [4].
Pos e I aliane empowe ing people h ough sus ainabili y insigh s. In 2017, Pos e
I aliane’s co po a e Mobili y Managemen uni p oduced an e-book en i led Pe ché muo e si
in modo sos enibile? (i.e. Why should we op o a sus ainable mobili y?). This e-book
illus a es a se ies o bes p ac ices and economic ad an ages linked o mo e en i onmen ally
sus ainable li es yles, aimed a p omo ing g ea e awa eness and sus ainable mobili y amongs
Pos e I aliane’s employees. The e-book is ee and colleagues a e encou aged o sha e hese
insigh s wi h hei communi ies, he eby empowe ing a g ea e numbe o people o make
mo e sus ainable mobili y choices. In 2018, a second edi ion o he e-book is due o be
eleased. This knowledge sha ing builds on Pos e I aliane’s 150-yea his o y and aligns i s
epu a ion wi h p og ess, inno a ion and ca e o he communi y. Pos e I aliane has
in oduced he ‘Pos e Pedala’ (Pos & Ride) ini ia i e o encou age no only bicycle
commu ing o employees a i s head o ice in Rome, bu also he u he use o he bicycle in
hei u ban mobili y. The ini ia i e p omo es sus ainable mobili y using an exis ing mobili y
po al on he company’s in ane si e. The po al is in eg a ed wi h a mobile app o calcula e
dis ances a elled and ank pa icipa ing employees, encou aging iendly compe i ion. I is
es ima ed ha he ini ia i e could sa e a ound 54.1 onnes o CO2 emissions pe yea [3].
As one o Finland’s bigges employe s, Pos i can ha e a posi i e in luence on he local
sus ainabili y agenda and ac as an example o o he s. As a la ge company, Pos i plays an
impo an ole in p omo ing en i onmen ally- iendly logis ics. The company has a a ge o
educe emissions by 30% by 2020. In he au umn o 2018, Pos i o ganised “Clima e
wo kou ”, a clima e- hemed aining week, in coope a ion wi h he Helsinki En i onmen al
Se ices Au ho i y (HSY). Du ing he week, s a ecei ed simple and inspi ing ad ice ia
a ious digi al channels on clima e- iendly e e yday ac i i ies o mobili y, ood, li ing and
consump ion. Employees ac oss he company pa icipa ed in he aining bo h in-pe son a
Pos i’s headqua e s and emo ely. Du ing he week, employees we e in o med abou elec ic
and gas ehicles, enewable uels, and we e able o es Pos i’s elec ic scoo e s and bikes.
The e was also a small pop-up shop o cycling supplies in he lobby. O e 2,000 Pos i
employees ook pa in he aining week [4].
Wi h o e 30,000 employees, Pos No d is one o he No dic egion’s la ges
employe s and plays a majo ole in key social unc ions in he egion. Pos No d aims o o e
an a ac i e, s imula ing wo kplace, o de elop employee commi men le els, and sa egua d
employee heal h. The company also s i es o gende equali y, wi h a long- e m a ge o he
unde ep esen ed gende o make up 40% o manage ial posi ions. The Pos No d D i e
Academy p ojec ope a es in collabo a ion wi h he Swedish Public Employmen Se ice and
wi h he suppo o he Swedish Agency o Economic and Regional G ow h. The pu pose o
he p ojec is o build a model o achie ing sel -su iciency in d i e s, while p o iding s able
employmen o disad an aged g oups. The Academy aims o ec ui long- e m unemployed
and ecen immig an s. Women a e a g oup he company is speci ically ying o ec ui . In
pa allel, wo king closely wi h ainee d i e s, he company is in es ing in an app-based
Swedish language cou se called Lingio. The cou se is ocusing on he language used in
anspo and logis ics and is in ended o help bo h ecen a i als and na i e speake s o
imp o e hei language skills. Lingio will e en ually be made a ailable o o he companies
ac oss he coun y. The D i e Academy opened in Oc obe 2018, ini ially aining 13 d i e s
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in he ci y o Ö eb o. The scheme is being olledou o en o he loca ions ac oss Sweden.
Eigh pupils will comple e hei d i ing aining in Umeĺ in Sep embe 2019 and la e in he
Au umn, 11 new d i e s will begin hei aining in Sunds all. Ini ial eedback has been
posi i e [4].
In Oc obe 2017, bpos en e ed in o an inno a i e €300m e ol ing c edi acili y
(RCF) ag eemen wi h a a iable in e es a e ha e lec s he o ganisa ion’s sus ainabili y
pe o mance. The loan, he i s o i s kind in Belgium, is s uc u ed so ha he e is a
co ela ion be ween bpos ’s sus ainabili y sco e (e alua ed by an independen hi d pa y) and
he loan’s in e es a e. The e o e, bpos is incen i ised o u he imp o e i s sus ainabili y
pe o mance in o de o lowe he in e es a e. In u ilising his lexible inancial ool, bpos ’s
sus ainabili y agenda is u he embedded in o he o ganisa ion’s ope a ions and e hos. Based
on a s akeholde consul a ion and ma e iali y assessmen , bpos has de ined i s wide
Co po a e Social Responsibili y (CSR) s a egy and i s po en ial impac on he sus ainabili y
sco e, a ound h ee main pilla s [3]:
 People: ca e abou i s employees and engage hem wi h sus ainably;
 Plane : s i e o educe i s impac on he en i onmen ;
 P oximi y: engage wi h he communi y i se es.
The aim is common alue c ea ion: business con inui y, employee sa is ac ion and
engagemen , cus ome sa is ac ion (Figu e 2).
Fig. 2 Embedding CSR and in oducing inno a i e p og ammes such as RCF in o co po a e ope a ions
and cul u e o bpos [3]
bpos , Belgium’s la ges pos al se ice, plays a majo ole in socie y, and i s i es o
be an o ganisa ion i s cus ome s can us . Embedding i s CSR s a egy and in oducing
inno a i e p og ammes like he RCF in o i s co po a e ope a ions and cul u e will help i
each i s ambi ion o sus ainable g ow h and demons a ing sus ainabili y leade ship.

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As pa o i s goal o educe i s ca bon emissions, An Pos plans o ex end he use o
elec ic ehicles in i s lee . The I ish pos al ope a o is in he p ocess o eplacing all i s
diesel ehicles in he six majo I ish ci ies (Dublin, Kilkenny, Wa e o d, Co k, Lime ick and
Galway) wi h elec ic ehicles, e ec i ely deli e ing ze o emission pa cel deli e y and e-
comme ce se ices. An Pos has se i sel he goal o be he g eenes pos al se ice in Eu ope
by 2030 and is he i s pos al se ice wo ldwide o achie e ISO50001 ce i ica ion o i s
en i e ope a ions. I cu en ly deli e s 2m i ems o mail using a oad lee o ci ca 2,800
ehicles and 1,600 bicycles, and o e he nex ou yea s will eplace 750 diesel ehicles wi h
elec ic ehicles (Figu e 3). The elec ic ehicles ha ha e al eady en e ed se ice ha e
ealised sa ings o 12.2 kg CO2e pe 100km a elled and 25.2 kg CO2e pe 100km a e
in es men in enewable elec ici y. The 220 ehicles needed o deli e ze o emissions in all
I ish ci ies will sa e 1.13 GWh o ene gy pe annum a an a e age o 10,000 km pe ehicle,
and a oid emissions equi alen o 554,400 kg CO2e a e in enewable elec ici y. Alongside
he educ ion in CO2 emissions, elec ic ehicles also educe pollu ion and noise, while lowe
se ice and main enance cos s (including oil, y es, b akes) educe cos s and payback ime o
lee ope a ions [4].
In o de o add ess he en i onmen al impac o las -mile deli e ies, Spanish ope a o
Co eos and Co eos Exp ess ha e joined o ces o implemen a sus ainable deli e y
p og amme. The Co eos and Co eos Exp ess p og ammes in eg a ing e iciencies and new
echnologies unde pin i s commi men o he en i onmen and capaci y o inno a ion.
Co eos implemen ed ou e op imisa ion sys ems and de eloped new deli e y me hods such
as he Ci yPaq se ice, an au oma ed collec ion poin . These ini ia i es ha e engaged and
b ough sa is ac ion o employees, in oduced mo e sus ainable and cos -e ec i e anspo
and educed he en i onmen al impac on local communi ies [3].
Fig. 3 An Pos deploying elec ic ehicles o d i e down emissions [4]
Fo Le G oupe La Pos e, sus ainabili y and inno a ion go hand in hand. F ance’s
pos al ope a o has de eloped c ea i e echnological deli e y solu ions including a emo e-
con olled d one and an au oma ed mail ca named E ibo . This au oma ed mail ca was i s
es ed in Ma ch 2017 in h ee ci ies, on i e deli e y ounds, wi h i e di e en mail ca ie s.
Equipped wi h senso s and able o ca y up o 150 kg o pa cels and le e s, his au onomous
ca accompanies he Pos man/ pos woman du ing his/he deli e y ound and acili a es he
wo k, s opping when hey s op, ci cum en ing obs acles and ca e ully a oiding pedes ians.
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The E ibo is equipped wi h an elec ic ba e y and he e o e p oduces no noise o local
pollu ion. The DPDg oup d one (Figu e 4) has ope a ed since 2016 and is comple ely
au oma ed, wi h an a e age speed o 30 km/h, a 3 kg payload and a ange o 20 km. The
DPDg oup d one simpli ies deli e ies in secluded o di icul o access a eas, and can
acili a e deli e ies in eme gency si ua ions, such as deli e ing medicine. These sus ainable
solu ions a e no only sa e o employees and mo e e icien o cus ome s. They a e pa o
he new and inno a i e echnologies ha can help deli e en i onmen al bene i s and imp o e
employees’ wo king condi ions [3].
Fig. 4 The DPDg oup d one simpli ies deli e ies in secluded o di icul o access a eas [3]
The single la ges sou ce o g eenhouse gas emissions in No way is he anspo
sec o . Pos en No ge belie es ha collabo a ion ac oss indus ies is necessa y o educe ci y
emissions while a he same ime mee ing inc easing anspo needs. The company aims o
educe emissions om hea y goods ehicles and minimise local pollu ion by elec i ying
ehicles used in u ban a eas. In 2017, Pos en No ge se a goal o be using only enewable
ene gy sou ces in i s ehicles by 2025. Pos en No ge has en e ed in o a pa ne ship wi h was e
managemen ope a o Ragn-Sells and o he companies unde he #Elskedby (belo ed ci y)
scheme in se e al ci ies in No way and Sweden. The companies es ablish a join ci y cen e
hub and collabo a e by sha ing elec ic ehicles (Figu e 5). Each day, join s a will d i e
ully-loaded ehicles in o he ci y o deli e pos , and use he same ehicle o collec was e,
o en om he same cus ome s. By u ilising common ehicles, emissions, a ic and noise a e
educed. The #Elskedby scheme began in S ockholm in 2017 and has been expanded o
Malmö. In No way, he coope a ion s a ed in Oslo in Ap il 2019. The e is no igid
ime ame, bu he scheme is ongoing, and he aim is o implemen he concep in o he ci ies
ac oss No way and Sweden. In S ockholm, he scheme is well-es ablished and has esul ed in
a 73% educ ion in CO2 emissions. The Oslo scheme is s ill in i s ea ly s ages, bu hopes a e
high ha simila emission educ ions can also be ealised in he No wegian capi al [4].
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Fig. 5 Sus ainable ci y logis ics in No way [4]
Conclusion
The majo end which is likely o ha e a signi ican e ec on he u u e o he pos al
sec o , is sus ainable g ow h and en i onmen al policy. The pos al sec o a ec s he
en i onmen h ough a leas wo channels: he consump ion o pape on he one hand, and
CO2 emissions om anspo a ion and buildings' ene gy consump ion on he o he hand [5].
The pos al companies a e awa e o hei esponsibili y no only owa ds he socie y and
en i onmen bu also owa ds employees and engage in sus ainable human esou ce
managemen . In pa icula , hey conside he c ea ion o he bes wo king condi ions o
sa e y, heal h, social backg ound and con inuous educa ion o employees. Pos al companies
a e making conside able e o s o con inually imp o e sa e y and heal h a wo k. Equally in
he implemen a ion o educa ion and in he consis en applica ion o he p inciples o di e si y
and equal oppo uni ies. An open communica ion cul u e ha encou ages employee
in ol emen in hese p ocesses and ac i i ies is, o cou se, a ma e o pos al companies.
E e y yea , EMMS and SMMS demons a e new and inno a i e ways o engaging employees
in sus ainabili y issues. Employee ini ia i es can ha e a combined e ec ha will bene i no
only pos al companies bu also he wo k o ce i sel , hus suppo ing he SDG 8 - decen wo k
and economic g ow h.
Pos al sec o is in es ing in he de elopmen o al e na i e se ices, inno a i e new
ea u es and he p omo ion o e icien deli e y o pos al i ems in o de o mee e ol ing
social, en i onmen al and economic challenges. By p o iding sus ainable employmen and
educing he ecological oo p in he pos al sec o can c ea e solu ions ha mee cus ome
needs bo h oday and in he u u e.
Re e ences
[1] Sus ainable De elopmen Goals. In: h ps://sus ainablede elopmen .un.o g/sdgs
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I/2020 90
[2] STRENITZEROVA, M., ACHIMSKY, K. (2019). Employee Sa is ac ion and Loyal y as
a Pa o Sus ainable Human Resou ce Managemen in Pos al Sec o . In
SUSTAINABILITY Volume: 11 Issue: 17. DOI: 10.3390/su11174591
[3] IPC Pos al Sec o Sus ainabili y Repo 2018. A ailable online:
h ps://www.ipc.be/abou -ipc/ epo s-lib a y/ipc- epo s.../s 2018
[4] IPC Pos al Sec o Sus ainabili y Repo 2019. A ailable online:
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