165
CHALLENGES FOR THE YOUTH OLYMPIC GAMES,
SUMMER AND WINTER
Jim Pa y
*S e ie Lucida me
Facul y o Physical Educa ion and Spo
Cha les Uni e si y in P ague
José Ma ího 31, 162 52 P aha 6, Czech Republic
[email p o ec ed]
*Depa men o Mo emen and Spo Sciences
Ghen Uni e si y, Belgium
[email p o ec ed]
Abs ac
This pape looks a he de elopmen o he You h Olympic Games, i s held in Singapo e in
Augus 2010, om he Eu opean You h Olympic Fes i al (EYOF), i s held in B ussels in
1991. Wi h abou 3500 a hle es be ween 14 and 18 yea s o age om all 205 Na ional
Olympic Commi ees, a ull Olympic spo s p og amme, a You h Olympic Village, and a
Cul u e and Educa ion P og amme (CEP), he YOG is a e y signi ican de elopmen ,
equi ing in es iga ion and conside a ion.
We shall look a he Spo s P og amme, some new spo s o ms, disciplines and e en s (such
as FIBA33, moon-li di ing, mixed e en s o gende and na ion), inno a i e equipmen (such
as lase pis ols), p oblems o pa icipa ion and equal oppo uni y, age and ai ness, imma u i y
and ha m, alen iden i ica ion, ea ly specialisa ion, and possible exploi a ion. We shall also
b ie ly examine he inno a i e CEP, no ing i s e y exis ence as ema kable, and en e ing
some ca ea s.
Finally, we p esen a b ie desc ip ion o he up-coming Innsb uck Win e YOG, and o he
hopes and aspi a ions o u u e edi ions o he YOG.
In oduc ion
In 1990, he P esiden o he Eu opean Associa ion o Na ional Olympic Commi ees, Jacques
Rogge, inaugu a ed he Eu opean You h Olympic Fes i al (EYOF), held o he i s ime in
B ussels in 1991. The a hle es we e be ween 15 and 18 yea s, om 33 di e en coun ies, and
compe ed in 10 summe spo s. Two yea s la e he i s EYOF o win e spo s was held in
Aos a (I aly), and since hen he e en has aken place bo h in summe and win e e e y wo
yea s.
Du ing he IOC session in Gua emala Ci y in July 2007 he IOC, now wi h Jacques Rogge as
P esiden , decided o in oduce a new spo ing e en o young a hle es – he You h Olympic
Games – i s held in Singapo e, 14-26 Augus 2010, wi h abou 3500 a hle es be ween 14 and
18 yea s o age (bi h yea s 1992-1995) om all 205 Na ional Olympic Commi ees. The
spo s p og am encompasses all 26 spo s on he p og am o he London 2012 Summe
Games, albei wi h a limi ed numbe o disciplines. Innsb uck is he enue o he i s Win e
YOG in 2012, and u u e edi ions o he YOG will ollow he adi ional cycle o ou yea s,
wi h Summe YOG in he yea o he senio Win e Olympic Games and Win e YOG in he
yea o he senio Summe Olympic Games.
166
The ision o he YOG is o educa e, engage and inspi e young people a ound he wo ld o
pa icipa e in spo s and adop he Olympic Values. Ob iously, he aim will be o b ing
oge he he mos alen ed a hle es om a ound he wo ld o pa icipa e in high-le el
compe i ions, pe haps as a s epping-s one o he Olympic Games. Bu he idea is also ha he
spo ing compe i ions should be held in an educa ional and cul u al en i onmen , so he
a hle es s ay a he You h Olympic Village, by analogy wi h he Olympic Games, and he e is
an educa ional and cul u al p og amme o p o ide expe iences and o suppo lea ning.
No wi hs anding he good in en ions he IOC has in c ea ing he YOG, i would be su p ising
i he e we e no p oblems o i on ou , o no unin ended and undesi able consequences. Le us
conside a ew possibili ies.
1 The Spo s P og amme
1.1 Pa icipa ion and equali y o oppo uni y
One o he main aims o he YOG is o gi e he wo ld’s alen ed youngs e s he oppo uni y o
compe e agains hei pee s om a ound he wo ld and gain in e na ional compe i i e
expe ience. I looks as hough e e yone in he wo ld could ( heo e ically) aim o pa icipa e,
since he coho is o 4 age yea s (14-18), and an Olympiad is a pe iod o 4 yea s. Bu , as he
egula ions s and now, no e e y young alen ed a hle e can ake pa in he YOG..
Fo a s a , he e we e no age g oups including 14-yea -olds. Secondly, he YOG will be held
e e y ou yea s, and by limi ing he age g oups o each e en o maximum wo bi h yea s,
he e will always be wo bi h yea s ha a e excluded om pa icipa ion. Fo example, in
2010 he age g oup o owing was limi ed o he bi h yea s 1992 and 1993. Supposing hese
age g oups o be kep in 2014, only a hle es bo n in he yea s 1996 and 1997 will be allowed
o pa icipa e. Thus, all alen ed owe s bo n in 1994 and 1995 will ne e ha e a chance o
ake pa in he YOG. Fo oo ball his es ic ion was e en igh e , since only playe s bo n in
1995 we e allowed in he eams in Singapo e. Almos ce ainly, he IOC has chosen hese
es ic ions o limi he numbe o pa icipan s. Howe e he e we e o he possibili ies. Fo
ins ance he IOC could ha e decided o limi he numbe o spo s.
1.2 Selec ion o spo s o he p og amme
The e a e some spo s ha could ha e been omi ed because o hei unsui abili y o you h ul
pa icipan s. I may be said ha boxing is s ill a iolen spo , ha weigh li ing and ia hlon
a e ex eme physically exac ing spo s, ha shoo ing has e hical objec ions and ha mode n
pen a hlon needs excellence in i e e y di e en spo s, which one canno expec om a
young a hle e.
1.3 Age and Fai ness
Ano he possible eason o limi ing he age g oups ( o wo bi h-yea s) may be o ensu e ha
age di e ences will ha e less e ec on he ou comes o he compe i ions. I all he YOG
e en s we e accessible o 14-18 yea s, i is ob ious ha he olde would ha e an ad an age.
The na owe he age g oups a e, he mo e likely we a e o ha e ai and equi alen
compe i ions. Howe e , we a e s ill le wi h he p oblems o ea ly-yea bi hs and ea ly
ma u e s. I is equen ly obse ed ha eenage s bo n in he i s mon hs o he calenda yea
a e o e - ep esen ed in mos you h spo compe i ions; and ea ly ma u e s ha e an ad an age
in age-limi ed con es s. Consequen ly he e is a high p obabili y ha du ing he YOG he
ch onologically olde and/o he ea ly ma u e s will be o e - ep esen ed and go home wi h he
medals.
167
1.4 Imma u i y and Ha m
On he o he hand he e a e some spo s whe e la e ma u e s a e a ou ed. This is especially
he case in gymnas ics. In he 80’s and 90’s i ually all emale gymnas s compe ing a an
in e na ional (adul ) le el we e be ween 14 and 18 yea s o age. In o de o compe e a his
le el, gymnas s had o s a se ious aining o 20 o 35 hou s a week by abou 6 yea s o age.
As a esul , mos gymnas s e i ed by he age o 19 because hey had ained o oo many
hou s a oo young an age, which made hem wo n ou , plagued by inju ies and
psychologically exhaus ed. Thanks o he e o s o ede a ions and he IOC, cu en ly
gymnas s mus be a leas 16 yea s o age o compe e in senio -le el e en s, and many
in e na ional gymnas s a e now compe ing h ough o hei la e wen ies wi h success. By
c ea ing he YOG he e is a eal isk ha some na ions, na ional ede a ions, clubs, coaches,
and e en pa en s could ake gymnas ics back o he eigh ies.
2 Spo Fo ms (disciplines and e en s)
Many alues a e exp essed h ough spo o ms, and YOG o ganise s s o e o come up wi h
some s iking inno a ions. The e ollow jus a ew examples.
2.1 FIBA33
This is a 3-on-3 o m o baske ball played on a hal -cou wi h one baske and i e-minu e
play pe iods. Wi h non-s op music, as -paced ac ion and a game las ing less han 15 minu es,
his was a game o m designed o appeal o you h, and was one o he mos popula spo s o
he YOG. Repo s claim ha he e a e plans o include 3-on-3 baske ball on Copacabana
Beach a he Rio 2016 Olympics.
2.2 Fi s Moonli Di e
I has usually been hough ha di ing a nigh in an ou doo pool was impossible, o a leas
undesi able. In Singapo e, i was shown o be no only possible, bu also desi able, and his
could change he spo . Obse e s commen ed on he shee beau y o he e en , bu he e is
mo e o i han ha . The e we e wo ies ha swimme s would ha e ouble judging he pool’s
su ace unde a i icial ligh , bu ha p oblem was sol ed wi h he use o sp ays o agi a e he
wa e . Ins ead, di ing a nigh added a echnical bene i . A b igh day can spell ouble o
di e s who can mis ake he blue o he sky o he colou o he wa e . Bu , unde he s a s,
he e was be e con as be ween he sky and he pool, which helped he di e s.
2.3 Gymnas ics
The FIG planned ce ain di e ences be ween he YOG and he Olympic Games, ci ing sa e y
g ounds. The compe i ion ules and di icul y le el o he ou ines o be pe o med by he
male and emale gymnas s a he You h Olympic Games ha e been modi ied in o de o
sa egua d he heal h and p ope de elopmen o he a hle es. In pa icula , he equi ed
di icul y elemen s we e educed in numbe , and di icul y alue es ic ions we e imposed.
This means ha he young a hle es we e only allowed o pe o m easie and sa e aul s, bu i
also had he ‘child p o ec ion’ consequence ha hei aine s would ha e no gain in o cing
enhancemen o he di icul y le el, al hough hey would s ill be able o ocus on imp o ing
pe o mance.
168
2.4 Fi s Ho se D aw
Fo he i s ime in Olympic his o y, a ho se d aw was conduc ed o he ide s a he
Singapo e Tu Club Riding Cen e. The assigned ho se/ ide combina ions we e o apply
h oughou he compe i ion o he indi idual and eam e en s. O cou se, he e a e objec ions
o such a p ocedu e. Adjus ing o an un amilia ho se is a no el challenge o many o he
ide s, and migh aise sa e y conce ns – bu a leas i is he same challenge o all. Also,
d awing ho ses by lo migh seem o make a lo e y o he ou come, i you hink ha a good
ho se is wha makes a winne – bu a leas i ules ou he possibili y ha one migh be able o
buy success, simply by buying he bes ho se.
The ho se d aw seems o me o make i mo e likely ha he bes ide will win, and his is
wha we should be looking o . I ’s abou bo h he ide and he ho se, o cou se – bu i
should be p ima ily abou he ide , i i is o be an Olympic spo . This is one case o he
mo e gene al poin : each spo should ind ways o es ing he a hle e, no his equipmen . The
ja elin is a con es o ind ou who is he bes h owe , no who has he bes ja elin.
2.5 Pis ol Shoo ing
New lase echnology was used o he i s ime in he spo ’s his o y a he YOG, eplacing
he s anda d pelle - i ing ai pis ols. The issues he e a e cos , sa e y and gende . The cos o
shoo ing is cu by wo- hi ds, since lase guns a e ligh e and equi e no pelle s (ammuni ion
being he majo i em o expendi u e in he spo ), and so mo e people and mo e coun ies will
be able o compe e. Since sa e y issues will no longe be a majo conce n, compe i ions can be
held in pa ks, ga dens and e en shopping malls, hus inc easing he isibili y and popula i y
o he spo . And ligh e guns means ha he e should be no eason why shoo ing should no
become a mixed gende spo . So success ul was his expe imen a he YOG ha i has been
announced ha lase guns will be used in he mode n pen a hlon compe i ion a he London
2012 Olympics.
2.6 Mixed Teams (gende and na ionali y)
Many a gue ha he ocus o he Olympic Games should be compe i ions be ween
indi iduals, no coun ies, and ha he p oblems o chau inism and excessi e na ionalis
in luence would be educed i i we en’ o he medals ables and in e -na ional i al y. Bu
ano he way o coun e ing he e ec s o na ionalism is by o ganising mixed eam e en s.
A e he indi idual e en s, doubles e en s o con inen al eam e en s ook place in encing
(whe e he inal was be ween Bangladesh/Spain and Tu key/Singapo e), ennis and able
ennis, a hle ics, ia hlon and swimming. Fencing and a che y, amongs o he s, held mixed
gende e en s, oo, hus again aising he gene al issue o open compe i ions.
3 P oblems Wi h Young A hle es
3.1 Talen ID and Ea ly Specialisa ion.
By in oducing a high-le el compe i ion o you h aged 14-18, he YOG p esen a se ious isk
o ein o cing he p ac ice o ea ly alen iden i ica ion and ea ly specialisa ion. Mos
coun ies wo ldwide a emp o de elop s uc u es o iden i y excep ionally gi ed a hle es a
an ea ly age in o de o ocus hei esou ces on hese pa icula ly p omising indi iduals. As
he e o s and esou ces in es ed in hese p og ams ha e escala ed in ecen decades, he
p essu e on policymake s, aine s and coaches o ‘c ea e’ mo e success ul a hle es has
169
mul iplied. All hese s akeholde s could in e p e he new YOG as an endo semen o
app o al o ea ly alen iden i ica ion and ea ly specialisa ion, despi e he ac ha ea ly
selec ion and ea ly specialisa ion ca y isks o he heal h o he child en: o e use auma,
g ow h epe cussions, di e se nu i ional de iciencies and psychological p oblems.
3.2 Exploi a ion o Young A hle es
The esponsibili y o hese young a hle es is la gely in hands o hei na ional delega ion,
hei aine s and hei pa en s. I is likely ha a leas some na ions will seek o excel a he
YOG in o de o ad ance hei own s a us, glo y and na ional p ide. I is likely, oo, ha we
shall also see he ‘achie emen -by-p oxy’ synd ome – pa en s and coaches who p ojec hei
own ambi ions on o hei young a hle es. So he dange exis s ha na ions, aine s and
pa en s wan o achie e excellence a any cos – and we ha e seen examples o excessi e
aining, he obliga o y use o d ugs, and he o ging o iden i ica ion pape s. Fo he young
a hle es, i is almos impossible o s and up agains hese o ms o dishones y and abuse.
4 Educa ion
The e is he e o e a g ea need o an e ec i e educa ional ini ia i e. In his sho pape we
shall no be able o e lec upon p obably he mos impo an de elopmen o he YOG – i s
educa ional and cul u al p og ammes. Le me jus make ou posi i e obse a ions:
 The e was a p og amme (and his is sensa ional enough in i sel ). Migh we look
o wa d o some hing simila one day in he Olympic Games?
 Somebody had gi en much hough and planning o i – in e ms o bo h con en and
me hod – and esou ces we e commi ed o i .
 The e was a genuine a emp o each ou beyond he o una e ew o be di ec ly
in ol ed, o he gene al public (and o you h in pa icula ), using inno a i e me hods,
including ‘new media’.
 The educa ional and cul u al p og ammes we e genuinely and explici ly o ganized
acco ding o Olympic alues and p inciples.
Those esponsible dese e g ea c edi o his.
And inally some ca ea s:
 The e should be some a emp o spell ou wha concep o ‘educa ion’ is being
employed, and his should be mo e han simple in o ma ion- ansmission, o
ideological indoc ina ion.
 Any hing ha calls i sel ‘Olympic Educa ion’ mus d aw a en ion o he educa i e
alue o spo ing compe i ion i sel . I is no enough o see he YOG as a me ely
con enien enue o educa ion – ways should be ound o also highligh ing he
in e nal alues o spo .
 I is no clea jus how much o he p og amme is accessible by how many o he
a hle es, and wha i s e ec on hem ac ually has been, gi en di e ences in
mo i a ion, educa ional le el, language compe ence, e c.
 The educa ion o a child o a you h akes place o e a e y long pe iod o ime. No
ma e how d ama ic o powe ul a sho YOG expe ience migh be, Olympic
Educa ion equi es he pa icipa ion o many people a ound he a hle e in his o ma i e
yea s: coaches, pa en s, eache s, iends. Ways mus he e o e be ound o in luencing
hese g oups, oo.

170
Conclusion
Young a hle es (e en child a hle es) ha e always pa icipa ed in he Olympic Games, bu he
YOG ep esen s a new s ep owa ds he sys ema ic dis ibu ion o eli e spo in o he child
popula ion. This b ings wi h i se ious e hical isks, and so i s e ec s should be ca e ully
moni o ed, and se ious e o s mus be made owa ds an e ec i e educa ion p og amme.
Whils some no el issues a e h own up by a ‘You h’ edi ion o he Olympic Games, many o
he issues co e ed simply highligh al eady-exis ing challenges o he Olympic Mo emen in
a no el o m. I will be in e es ing o see wha he Fi s Win e You h Olympic Games has in
s o e o us in Innsb uck in 2012.
Pos sc ip : Win e YOG
A he Libe ec con e ence1 in Feb ua y 2011, we we e only 11 mon hs away om he
Opening Ce emony o he i s edi ion o he Win e You h Olympic Games. Innsb uck
WYOG 2012 will hos o e 1,000 young a hle es ep esen ing hei coun ies in he se en
spo s on he p og amme: bia hlon, bobsleigh, cu ling, ice hockey, luge, ska ing and skiing,
wi h a limi ed numbe o disciplines and e en s. Jus as wi h Singapo e 2010, some new
disciplines and e en s ha e been in oduced in o he spo s p og amme: o example, he e
will be a combined discipline o c oss coun y and bia hlon, as well as he i s e e Olympic
inclusion o women’s ski jumping. In mos spo s he e will be mixed eam e en s (gende
and/o na ion). The age g oups a e 14-18 yea s, wi h a speci ic wo-yea age g oup
pa icipa ing in a spo o discipline (al hough some sou ces sugges ha , again, he e will be
no 14-yea -olds).
As in Singapo e, he e will be a Cul u e and Educa ion P og amme, wi h wo kshops and
o ums on he Olympic alues, heal hy li es yles, an i-doping, e c, designed o de elop a new
gene a ion o a hle es wi h a highe awa eness o socie al issues and p oblems linked di ec ly
o hei p ac ice o spo . Communica ion wi h you h is ano he key ea u e, h ough in e ne
o ums, cha s and blogs, and o he new media.
In i s o icial publica ion, he IOC exp esses high hopes o he YOG, as he ‘ lagship’ o he
IOC’s you h s a egy. I s aims o he spo ing and educa ional/cul u al p og ammes a e:
 o b ing enewed li e and igou o he Olympic Mo emen
 o inspi e young people a ound he wo ld o ake up spo
 o c ea e a ue communi y be ween he you h o he wo ld and he pa icipan s
 o help a hle es o become be e human beings, ue spo spe sons, ambassado s in
socie y o spo and he Olympic alues
This is a lo o ask om a small coho o youngs e s om a ound he wo ld, bu i seems o
me ha he YOG a e b inging new ideas and se ing new s anda ds o he Olympic Games.
To anyone in e es ed in Olympic Educa ion, hey a e a b ea h o esh ai .
As Colin Moynihan, ano he speake a his con e ence, says: “The bene i s a e a wide and
g ea e han pu ely he expe ience gained on he ield o play. You h Olympic e en s a e
ocused on combining high-le el spo ing compe i ion wi h an en i onmen whe e young
a hle es a e encou aged o lea n, sha e and build iendships. To gain an in-dep h knowledge
and espec o he Olympic alues o excellence, espec and iendship whils aspi ing o
hei own goals, is unique o he Olympic Mo emen .” [17]
1 Con e ence EUROPE-YOUTH-OLYMPISM in Libe ec, Czech Republic, 10-12 Feb ua y 2011, p io o he Eu opean
You h Olympic Win e Fes i al, 12-19 Feb ua y, 2011
171
I will be in e es ing o see he ex en o which hese hopes and aspi a ions a e me in u u e
edi ions o he YOG, bo h summe and win e .
Li e a u e
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Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://www.singapo e2010.sg/public/sg2010/en/en_news/en_s o ies/en_20100814_his
o ic_ i s _ho se_d aw_in_olympics-.h ml>
[2] ANG, J. Wo ld’s Fi s Moonli Di e Imp esses All [online]. [quo ed 2011-03-27].
Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://www.singapo e2010.sg/public/sg2010/en/en_news/en_s o ies/en_20100823_wo
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[3] BBC SPORT. Chinese con iden o e age checks o gymnas s [online]. [quo ed 2011-
03-27]. Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://news.bbc.co.uk/spo 1/hi/o he _spo s/gymnas ics/8866162.s m>
[4] HULA, E. Fi s You h Olympics Medals; New Look o Baske ball; B i s Ra e o
Singapo e [online]. [quo ed 2011-03-27]. Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://a ound he ings.com/a icles/ iew.aspx?id=35381>
[5] IOC. The You h Olympic Games. Lausanne : IOC, 2007.
[6] IOC. Fac shee : The You h Olympic Games. Lausanne : IOC, 2009.
[7] IOC. Spo s compe i ions p og amme and quali ica ion sys ems o he i s YOG in
2010 [online]. [quo ed 2009-5-2]. Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://www.olympic.o g/uk/includes/common/a icle_p in _uk.asp?id=2886>
[8] IOC. The YOG a a glance [online]. [quo ed 2011-03-27]. Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://www.olympic.o g/en/con en /You h-Olympic-Games/P esen a ion>
[9] IOC. The Fi s Win e You h Olympic Games in 2012. Lausanne : IOC, 2011.
[10] LEE, Min Kok. Lase Pis ols To Be Used A London 2012 [online]. [quo ed 2011-03-
27]. Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://www.singapo e2010.sg/public/sg2010/en/en_news/en_s o ies/en_20100823_las
e _pis ols_ o_be_used_a _london_2012.h ml>
[11] LIN, Xinyi. A hle es Lea ning In aluable Lessons away om Compe i ion [online].
[quo ed 2011-03-27]. Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://www.singapo e2010.sg/public/sg2010/en/en_news/en_s o ies/en_20100823_a h
le es_lea ning_in aluable_lessons_away_ om_compe i ion.h ml>
[12] LIN, Xinyi. Bes pa ne ship: Gu Yu ing and Adem Hman [online]. [quo ed 2011-03-
27]. Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://www.singapo e2010.sg/public/sg2010/en/en_news/en_s o ies/en_20100825_Be
s _pa ne ship_Gu_Yu ing_and_Adem_Hman.h ml>
[13] LIN, Xinyi. YOG No Jus Abou Winning: Phelps [online]. [quo ed 2011-03-27].
Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://www.singapo e2010.sg/public/sg2010/en/en_news/en_s o ies/en_20100821_yo
g_no _jus _abou _winning_phelps.h ml>
[14] MACKAY, D. Exclusi e: Rio 2016 wan s o s age 3-on-3 baske ball on Copacabana
Beach [online]. [quo ed 2011-03-27]. Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://inside hegames.biz/summe -olympics/ io-2016/10361-exclusi e- io-2016-
wan s- o-s age-3-on-3-baske ball-on-copacabana-beach>
[15] MACKAY, D. T ia hlon hope mixed elay has aken i s s ep on oad o Rio 2016
[online]. [quo ed 2011-03-27]. Re ie ed om WWW:
<h p://inside hegames.biz/you h-olympics/singapo e-2010/10339- ia hlon-hope-
mixed- elay-has- aken- i s -s ep-on- oad- o- io-2016>
172
[16] MAES M. Talen and E hics. In VANDEN AUWEELE, Y. (Ed.). E hics in You h Spo .
Analyses and Recommenda ions. Leu en : Lannoo, 2004, p. 199.
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D . Jim Pa y, S e i Lucida me
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VÝZVY PRO LETNÍ I ZIMNÍ OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY MLÁDEŽE
Ten o článek se ěnuje Olympijským h ám mládeže, k e é se pop é konaly Singapu u s pnu 2010
a k e é se y inuly z E opského olympijského es i alu mládeže (EYOF), jenž se pop é konal
B uselu oce 1991. Vzhledem k účas i 3500 spo o ců e ěku 14 až 18 le z 205 Ná odních
olympijských ýbo ů a p og amem zah nujícím komple ní Olympijský p og am a kul u ní a ýcho ný
p og am (CEP) jsou Olympijské h y mládeže ýznamnou událos í yžadující zamyšlení. V ex u se
podí áme na spo o ní p og am, něk e é no é spo o ní o my, disciplíny a sou ěže (např. FIBA33,
skoky do ody za měsíčního s i u), mixo é sou ěže p o hochy a dí ky a mixo é sou ěže p o zás upce
ůzných NOV, echnické ino ace (např. lase o é pis ole), p oblémy s účas í zhledem k ěku a o né
příleži os i, nez alos a poškozo ání, iden i ikaci alen ů a možné zneuží ání. Budeme se aké s učně
zabý a no ým kul u ním a ýcho ným p og amem, zdů azníme důleži os jeho exis ence a zmíníme
jeho p oblémy. Nakonec s učně předs a íme nadcházející Zimní olympijské h y mládeže
Innsb ucku, dále pak naděje a aspi ace p o budoucí Olympijské h y mládeže.
HERAUSFORDERUNGEN FÜR DIE OLYMPISCHEN JUGEND-
SOMMER- UND WINTERSPIELE
Diese A ikel widme sich den Olympischen Jugendspielen, die e s mals im Augus 2010 in Singapu
s a anden und sich aus dem Eu opäischen Olympischen Jugend es i al (EYOF) en wickel ha en,
das e s malig im Jah e 1991 in B üssel s a and. In Anbe ach eine Teilnehme zahl on 3500
Spo le n im Al e zwischen 14 und 18 Jah en aus 205 Na ionalen Olympischen Komi ees und eines
P og amms, welches das olympische P og amm sowie das Kul u - und Bildungsp og amm (CEP)
um ass , sind die Olympischen Jugendspiele ein bedeu endes E eignis, das zum Nachdenken an eg .
Im Tex wi d Folgendes be ach e : das Spo p og amm, einige neue Fo men des Spo s, Disziplinen
und We bewe be (z.B. FIBA-33-Baske ball, Wasse sp ingen bei Mondschein), gemisch e
We bewe be ü Jungen und Mädchen und gemisch e We bewe be ü Ve e e e schiedene
NOKs, echnische Inno a ionen (z.B. Lase pis olen), P obleme im Zusammenhang mi de Teilnahme
bezüglich des Al e s und de Chancengleichhei , die Un ei e und Benach eiligung, die Iden i izie ung
on Talen en und mögliche Missb äuche. Wi we den uns auch ku z mi dem neuen Kul u - und
Bildungsp og amm be assen, die Wich igkei seine Exis enz he o heben und seine P obleme
ansp echen. Zu gu e Le z s ellen wi ku z die be o s ehenden Olympischen Jugend- Win e spiele in
Innsb uck und die Ho nungen ü und E wa ungen an kün ige Olympische Jugendspiele o .
WYZWANIA DLA LETNICH I ZIMOWYCH IGRZYSK
OLIMPIJSKICH MŁODZIEŻY
Niniejszy a ykuł poświęcony jes Olimpiadzie Młodzieży, k ó a po az pie wszy odbyła się w
Singapu ze w sie pniu 2010 oku. Pows ała na bazie Eu opejskiego Fes iwalu Olimpijskiego
Młodzieży (EYOF), k ó y odbył się po az pie wszy w B ukseli w 1991 oku. Ze względu na udział
3500 spo owców w wieku od 14 do 18 la z 205 Na odowych Komi e ów Olimpijskich i p og am
obejmujący kompleksowy p og am olimpijski o az p og am kul u alno-edukacyjny Olimpiada
Młodzieży s anowi ważne wyda zenie wymagające głębszej analizy. W a ykule analizowany jes
p og am spo owy, niek ó e nowe o my spo u, dyscypliny i konku encje (np. FIBA33, skoki do
wody p zy świe le księżyca), konku encje mix dla dziewczą i chłopców o az konku encje mix dla
p zeds awicieli óżnych NKO, innowacje echniczne (np. pis ole y lase owe), p oblemy z udziałem ze
względu na wiek i ówne szanse, niedoj załość, iden y ikacja alen ów i możliwe nadużycia. W
k ó kim za ysie uwagę poświęcono ównież nowym p og amom kul u alnym i edukacyjnym,
podk eślono znaczenie ich is nienia o az wymieniono p oblemy z ym związane. W zakończeniu
p zeds awiono k ó ko p zyszłą Zimową Olimpiadę Młodzieży w Innsb ucku o az nadzieje i aspi acje
związane z p zyszłymi olimpiadami młodzieżowymi.