Bulle in
OF THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES
Supplemen 1/83
Commission opinion
on he s a us
o G eenland
Commission
o he Eu opean Communi ies
Supplemen s 1983
1183 Commission opinion on he s a us o G een/and
Bulle in
o he Eu opean Communi ies
Supplemen 1/83
S a us o G eenland
Commission opinion
Commission communica ion
p esen ed o he Council on 2 Feb ua y 1983
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Commission
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A icles and ex s appea ing in his documen may be ep oduced eely in whole o in pa
p o iding hei sou ce is men ioned.
P in ed in Belgium
con en s
I - Memo andum 5
Danish Go e nmen p oposal o he amendmen o he T ea ies
es ablishing he Eu opean Communi ies wi h a iew o G een-
land's wi hd awal om he Communi ies and he applica ion o
G eenland o he special associa ion a angemen s in Pa Fou o
he EEC T ea y 6
II - Commission opinion 9
In oduc ion 10
Opinion 10
Annexes 13
Annex A - Fac ual si ua ion 14
Annex Β - Ins i u ional and legal analysis 38
Annex C - D a amendmen s o T ea ies 40

I - Danish Go e nmen memo andum
o 19 May 1982
G ounds
On Denma k's en y in o he Eu opean Commu-
ni y on 1 Janua y 1973 G eenland was included
in he Communi y as pa o Denma k.
The idea o al e ing G eenland's associa ion wi h
he Communi y became a opical issue wi h he
es ablishmen o G eenland's home go e nmen
sys em. The home go e nmen sys em, which is
es ablished wi hin he amewo k o he Danish
na ional communi y, en ails he g adual ans e
o ce ain a eas o legisla ion and adminis a ion
om Danish o home go e nmen con ol.
The hen Minis e o Ex e nal Economic A ai s,
I a Nø gaa d, made a s a emen on behal o he
go e nmen conce ning G eenland o he Council
on 15 July 1975. In ha s a emen a en ion was
d awn o he ac ha a new si ua ion would a ise
wi h ega d o he ques ion o G eenland's
associa ion wi h he Communi y in he e en o a
home go e nmen sys em being es ablished in
G eenland. I was u he s essed ha he
go e nmen had no desi e o oppose 'a possible
wish on he pa o G eenland o a e ision o
G eenland's associa ion wi h he EEC, should
he e be a majo i y opinion in G eenland in
a ou o such a measu e'.
The G eenland home go e nmen sys em en e ed
in o o ce on
1
May 1979 and on 3 Ap il 1981 he
G eenland Pa liamen ag eed o hold a consul a-
i e e e endum on whe he he Eu opean Com-
muni y T ea ies should con inue o apply in
G eenland.
In he consul a i e e e endum on 23 Feb ua y
1982,
a majo i y (52%) o ed in a ou o
G eenland wi hd awing om he Communi y,
and 46.1
96
in a ou o i s con inued membe -
ship.
The ou come o he e e endum was laid be o e
he G eenland Pa liamen a he la e 's sp ing
session, and on 26 Ma ch 1982 i ag eed ha he
go e nmen should be asked o open nego ia ions
wi h he Eu opean Communi y in o de ha he
Communi y's T ea ies should cease o apply o
G eenland and wi h a iew o achie ing G een-
land's con inued co e age by he Communi y's
egula ion on he o e seas coun ies and e i-
o ies (OCTs).
G eenland s a es ha i s desi e o change i s s a us
is-à- is he Eu opean Communi y should no be
ega ded as being di ec ed agains he Commu-
ni y. Fo G eenland's pa , i would like he bes
possible ela ions wi h he Communi y o con-
inue. Ne e heless, G eenland conside s ha
home go e nmen in G eenland can bes de elop
ou side ac ual membe ship.
I is desi ed ha he amendmen o G eenland's
s a us should ake place wi h e ec om 1
Janua y 1984.
P oposal
Wi h e e ence o A icle 96 o he T ea y
es ablishing he Eu opean Coal and S eel Com-
muni y (ECSC T ea y), A icle 236 o he T ea y
es ablishing he Eu opean Economic Communi y
(EEC T ea y) and A icle 204 o he T ea y
es ablishing he Eu opean A omic Ene gy Com-
muni y (Eu a om T ea y), he go e nmen he eby
wishes o submi a p oposal:
(i) amending he p o isions which de ine he
geog aphical scope o he T ea ies (A icle 79 o
he ECSC T ea y, A icle 227 o he EEC T ea y
and A icle 198 o he Eu a om T ea y), so ha
hese T ea ies and he legal ac s adop ed pu suan
he e o do no apply in o o G eenland ollowing
he en y in o o ce o he amending T ea y;
(ii) amending he EEC T ea y, so ha he
p o isions he ein conce ning he associa ion o
o e seas coun ies and e i o ies (A icles 131 o
136) may apply o G eenland wi h e ec om he
en y in o o ce o he amending T ea y, and so
ha G eenland may a he same ime be included
in he lis in Annex IV o he EEC T ea y
conce ning o e seas coun ies and e i o ies.
The go e nmen 's p oposal o a T ea y is annex-
ed he e o.
Pu suan o he p ocedu e laid down o dealing
wi h p oposals o amending he T ea ies, he
go e nmen will eques he Council o se in
ain consul a ion o he Pa liamen and he
Commission in o de ha he Council may decide
in a ou o calling a con e ence o ep esen a-
i es o he go e nmen 's o he Membe S a es
o he pu pose o de e mining by common
acco d he amendmen s o be made o he
T ea ies.
Copenhagen. 19 May 1982
S. 1/83
P oposal o a T ea y
be ween he Kingdom o Belgium, he Kingdom o
Denma k, he Fede al Republic o
Ge many,
he
F ench Republic, he Hellenic Republic,
I eland,
he I alian Republic, he G and
Duchy
o Luxem-
bou g, he Kingdom o he Ne he lands and he
Uni ed Kingdom o G ea B i ain and No he n
I eland,
amending he T ea ies es ablishing
Anxious o main ain he economic ela ions
be ween G eenland and he Eu opean Economic
Communi y.
Ha e decided o es ablish by common ag eemen
he amendmen s o be made o he T ea ies
es ablishing he Eu opean Coal and S eel Com-
muni y, he Eu opean Economic Communi y and
he Eu opean A omic Ene gy Communi y, and o
his end ha e designa ed as hei Plenipo en ia ies:
His Majes y he King o
he
Belgians,
he Eu opean Coal and S eel Communi y, he
Eu opean Economic Communi y, he Eu opean
A omic Ene gy Communi y,
wi h a iew o amending G eenland's s a us in he
Eu opean Communi ies.
e c.
Who,
ha ing exchanged hei Full Powe s ound
in good and due o m.
Ha e ag eed as ollows:
His Majes y he King o he
Belgians,
He Majes y
he Queen o Denma k, he P esiden o he
Fede al Republic o Ge many, he
P esiden
o he
F ench Republic, he P esiden o he Hellenic
Republic, he
P esiden
o
I eland,
he
P esiden
o
he I alian Republic, His Royal Highness he
G and Duke o Luxembou g, He Majes y he
Queen o he
Ne he lands,
He Majes y he
Queen
o he Uni ed Kingdom o G ea B i ain and
No he n
I eland,
Ha ing ega d o A icle 96 o he T ea y es ab-
lishing he Eu opean Coal and S eel Communi y,
Ha ing ega d o A icle 236 o he T ea y
es ablishing he Eu opean Economic Commu-
ni y,
Ha ing ega d o A icle 204 o he T ea y
es ablishing he Eu opean A omic Ene gy Com-
muni y,
Conside ing ha he Kingdom o Denma k has
eques ed ha he T ea ies cease o apply in
espec o G eenland.
Conside ing ha he Kingdom o Denma k has
eques ed ha he special ules in Pa Fou o he
T ea y es ablishing he Eu opean Economic Com-
muni y should apply o G eenland,
Conside ing ha G eenland o ms pa o he
Kingdom o Denma k,
A icle I
The ollowing pa ag aph shall be added o
subpa ag aph (a) o he second pa ag aph o
A icle 79 o he T ea y es ablishing he Eu opean
Coal and S eel Communi y:
'This T ea y shall no apply o G eenland.'
A icle 2
The ollowing pa ag aph shall be added o A icle
227(5Xa) o he T ea y es ablishing he Eu opean
Economic Communi y:
This T ea y shall no apply o G eenland.'
A icle 3
The ollowing pa ag aph shall be added o
subpa ag aph (a) o
he
hi d pa ag aph o A icle
198 o he T ea y es ablishing he Eu opean
A omic Ene gy Communi y:
'This T ea y shall no apply o G eenland.'
A icle 4
I. Denma k shall be added o he Membe
S a es speci ied in he i s sen ence o A icle 131
S. 1/83
Annex A
Fac ual si ua ion
G eenland's posi ion: backg ound
Geog aphical, demog aphic and economic da a
The ha sh clima e, he geog aphical expanse and
he low popula ion densi y a e majo cons ain s
on mos economic ac i i ies in G eenland.
Uns able wea he condi ions pa icula ly a ec
ishing, G eenland's chie economic ac i i y
(some 4096 o GDP, including ish-p ocessing
indus ies), he s ock o he a ious species o ish
depending on ma ginal changes in empe a u e.
The ishing lee has expanded conside ably since
1977 bu is pe haps no su icien ly well equipped
o high-sea ishing on a la ge scale. Al hough he
o al ish ca ch has mo e han doubled in he las
10 yea s, i can luc ua e, wi h a conside able
impac on o e all economic ac i i y, gi en he
ishing indus y's ela i e impo ance.
Ca le a ming is conside ed imp ac icable, bu
he e is some sheep a ming in pa s o sou he n
G eenland. I s economic alue has emained low,
howe e , because o he limi ed g azing land and
he inadequa e supply o odde in win e .
In he pas , he ex ac i e indus y chie ly
comp ised coal (mine closed in 1972) and c yoli e
(exhaus ion owa ds he end o he decade). Lead
and zinc mining s a ed in 1974, om one mine
only. Explo a ion has s a ed o a ious o he
mine als, pe oleum and gas, bu p esen indica-
ions do no ye jus i y ex ac ion, o he high
ini ial de elopmen cos and he di icul ies in
anspo ing p oduc s mean ha ai ly la ge
deposi s a e equi ed o comme cial p oduc ion.
A p elimina y es ima e indica es ha he ex ac-
i e indus y is con ibu ing some
15 96
o GDP.
The lack o s a is ics makes i di icul o e alua e
he o he sec o s o he economy. Acco ding o
he mos ecen igu es a ailable (1976), employ-
men in manu ac u ing indus y, cons uc ion,
and he wholesale and e ail ades has been
ela i ely s agnan as a p opo ion o o al em-
ploymen since 1970. Gene al go e nmen and
se ices (educa ion, heal h, social se ices) ha e
inc eased hei sha e in o al employmen by o e
one hi d du ing he same pe iod a he expense o
he p ima y sec o .'
A la ge pa o a ailable esou ces has been
alloca ed o de eloping he economic and social
in as uc u e. The inc easing d i o he owns
and he d i e o imp o e employmen oppo uni-
ies ha e necessi a ed a majo in es men e o
(almos one hi d o GDP) which la gely depends
on impo s.
Public expendi u e has g own in esponse o he
need o imp o e public se ices and in as uc-
u es.
P i a e consump ion has been sus ained by
he apid g ow h o eal ea nings, which is pa ly
due o he g ow h o expo s. A e age axable
income in 1980 was DKR 60 130 (7 682 ECU), o
DKR 42 770
(5
464 ECU) o na i e G eenlande s
and DKR 106 650 (13 627 ECU) o people bo n
ou side G eenland (chie ly employees om he
sou h o Denma k).
The e is a wide gap be ween local wages and
wages paid o pe sons bo n ou side G eenland.
Taxable income should no be used as a measu e
o
GDP.
A ough es ima e p oduced by Commis-
sion depa men s shows ha pe capi a GDP was
close on wo hi ds o a e age axable income
(app oxima ely 5 200 ECU) in 1980. On hese
igu es, G eece, I eland and I aly had a lowe
s anda d o li ing in 1980 han G eenland.
One o he chie p oblems acing G eenland is
how o c ea e su icien pe manen job oppo uni-
ies o a popula ion whose pa icipa ion a e has
isen conside ably.' In addi ion, owing o he
popula ion inc eases o he 1960s almos
30 96
o
he popula ion was in he 10-19 yea g oup in
1981 and hese young people will come on o he
labou ma ke in he las hal o he decade.
Ano he p oblem is he scope o inc easing
labou p oduc i i y so ha eal ea nings can ise
u he . This highligh s he con inuing need o
in es men , in o de o adap and de elop he
economic in as uc u e despi e he p e ailing
na u al handicaps, he main objec i e being o
di e si y exis ing ac i i ies and educe he luc u-
a ions caused by economic condi ions.
An impo an aspec o he p oblem o c ea ing
paid employmen is he enhancemen o human
capi al. T aining acili ies ha e inc eased consid-
See Table 1. page 23.
14 S. 1/83

e ably in ecen yea s, and hey will need u he
expansion wi h he de elopmen o new echnol-
ogies and hei use in he mining and p ocessing
o p ima y p oduc s.
Sociological, poli ical and legal da a
The Eskimo popula ion (app oxima ely 40 000) is
o he mos pa s ill employed in he adi ional
sec o s o ishing, hun ing and sheepb eeding. In
an e o o p ese e i s sepa a e iden i y by
de ending i s language and special social s uc-
u e,
i conside s i sel as o ming pa o a
cul u al communi y which includes he Eskimos
o Alaska and Canada.
This desi e o emain di e en explains he
changing poli ical and legal s a us o G eenland.
Al hough i has o med an in eg al pa o he
Kingdom o Denma k since 1954 - when he
e i o y ceased o ha e colonial s a us and o al
equali y o igh s was g an ed o he G eenlande s
- G eenland has enjoyed a special s a us since he
Home Rule Ac , which was adop ed by he
Danish Pa liamen and hen submi ed by e e en-
dum o he local popula ion o hei app o al,
en e ed in o o ce on 1 May 1979.
Combining he p inciple o main enance o he
uni y o he Danish S a e and o na ional
so e eign y exe cised by he Copenhagen au ho -
i ies and he in oduc ion o a ype o sel -go e n-
men , home ule is based on a di ision o
esponsibili ies. Thus, de ence, ex e nal ela ions
and cu ency ma e s in pa icula a e he
esponsibili y o he cen al au ho i ies, whe eas,
o example, axa ion, he ac i i ies o ishing,
hun ing, ag icul u e and s ock a ming, employ-
men and social a ai s, he supply and anspo
o goods, ade legisla ion and he p o ec ion o
he en i onmen and o animal li e a e ma e s
which he G eenland Go e nmen may alone
decide. This alloca ion o esponsibili ies can,
howe e , be changed by a subsequen decision o
he cen al go e nmen wi h he ag eemen o he
G eenland au ho i ies. I is speci ically s ipula ed,
mo eo e , ha measu es o e which he local
au ho i ies ha e ju isdic ion mus ne e heless, i
hey ha e a de ini e impac on in e na ional
ela ions, be discussed wi h he Copenhagen
au ho i ies be o e hey a e adop ed.
The Home Rule Ac con e s on he indigenous
popula ion o G eenland ' undamen al igh s o e
he na u al esou ces' o he coun y and p o ides
o a p ocedu e whe eby he ag eemen o bo h
he cen al and local au ho i ies is equi ed be o e
mine al esou ces may be p ospec ed o and
exploi ed. Al hough he undamen al p o isions
o he Home Rule Ac in his ield a e essen ially a
decla a ion o p inciple, hey can be in e p e ed as
en i ling he popula ion, h ough i s local ep e-
sen a i es, o ake pa in de e mining he
objec i es and ime able o he implemen a ion o
a policy and o p o ec he en i onmen and he
adi ional way o li e.
Las ly, he Home Rule Ac con ains a p o ision
equi ing he Danish Go e nmen , in consul a-
ion wi h ha o God håb, o make a angemen s
o sa egua ding G eenland's special in e es s
wi hin he Eu opean Communi ies.
E ec s o G eenland's membe ship
o he Communi y
The e ec s o G eenland's membe ship o he
Communi y can be judged om he de oga ions
om he p o isions o Communi y law made
necessa y by he speci ic si ua ion o G eenland,
he aid g an ed by he Communi y o ha egion,
he in luence exe ed he e by ce ain policies, he
de elopmen o comme cial exchanges and he
impac o G eenland's posi ion on he Commu-
ni y's ela ions wi h i s in e na ional pa ne s.
De oga ions om he applica ion o Communi y
law
77ie T ea ies
A icle
1
o P o ocol No 4 o he Ac o Accession
makes he exe cise o eedom o es ablishmen in
he case o ce ain comme cial ac i i ies subjec ,
o an unlimi ed pe iod, o he condi ion o a six-
mon h pe iod o esidence in G eenland, while a
he same ime p o iding o he possibili y o
subsequen libe aliza ion by he Council, which
has ye o be ac ed on. A icle 101 o he Ac o
Accession ex ends o 12 sea miles, in he case o
G eenland, he limi o wa e s wi hin which he
coas al S a e may es ic ishing.'
1 By he same p o ision, his ex ension applies also o he
zones associa ed wi h Denma k. F ance. I eland and he
Uni ed Kingdom.
S. 1/83 15
Seconda y legisla ion
Apa om ce ain measu es conce ning ishing,
all he eques s made o he exclusion o
G eenland, o he adap a ion o Communi y
legisla ion o he speci ic condi ions o G eenland
ha e been g an ed.
The exemp ion om he applica ion o VAT,
p o ided o in he Six h Di ec i e,1 is also o
some impo ance.
O he de oga ions ha e an impac , mo e limi ed
in p ac ice bu no negligible in p inciple. Thus,
G eenland was excluded om he scope o he
Eu opean Con en ion o he P o ec ion o
Animals kep o Fa ming Pu poses by Council
Decision 78/923/EEC o 19 June 1978,2 om
ha o Di ec i e 79/409/EEC on he conse a-
ion o wild bi ds3 and om ha o Regula ion
(EEC) No 348/81 on he impo a ion o whales
o o he ce acean p oduc s4 (see lis o all such
p o isions on page 37).
Limi ed
applica ion
o
ce ain p o isions
Besides hese speci ic de oga ions, a numbe o
p o isions, pa icula ly hose ela ing o eedom
o es ablishmen and ee mo emen o wo ke s,
appea o ha e la gely gone unheeded o pu ely
ac ual easons owing o he lack o mig an
wo ke mo emen s be ween G eenland and
Membe S a es o he han Denma k.
Re iew o Communi y inancial assis ance gi en
o G eenland
O e all app aisal o Communi y aid
Apa om he impo ance o he ishing indus-
y, he main ea u es o G eenland's economy a e
he p edominance o he public sec o , and i s
e y hea y dependence on aid om ou side,
chie ly Denma k.
The la ges en e p ises like he shipya ds, enginee-
ing and ish-p ocessing plan s a e S a e-con ol-
led, and p i a e en e p ise - essen ially hun e s,
ishing-boa owne -ope a o s, sheep- a me s,
c a smen and ade s - has ecei ed subs an ial
suppo om o icial sou ces (loans, subsidies and
S a e gua an ees).
Since joining he Communi y, G eenland has
ecei ed aid om he s uc u al unds, owa ds i s
main economic objec i es o aising he gene al
s anda d o li ing, de eloping in as uc u es,
di e si ying p oduc ion s uc u es and imp o ing
oca ional aining o he labou o ce in an
a ack on unde employmen .
In he case o he main unds (Eu opean Social
Fund (ESF), Eu opean Regional De elopmen
Fund (ERDF), G eenland is ega ded as a p io i y
egion; p ojec s he e a e he e o e gi en p io i y
ea men and a e g an ed highe a es o
aid.
The
de elopmen o he inancial ins umen s clea ly
shows a g owing concen a ion in a ou o he
p io i y egions, and pa icula ly in a ou o
G eenland (see Table 8, page 28).
The a e age aid pe inhabi an (in 1981 nine imes
he a e age Communi y aid o he p io i y
egions) is he highes in he Communi y. I is less
signi ican o G eenland han o o he egions
owing o he small numbe o inhabi an s.
Howe e , he agg ega e igu es a e so high in
ela i e e ms (amoun ing in 1981 o almos a
i h o he aid g an ed o No he n I eland) ha i
can be asse ed ha assis ance o G eenland has
been mo e concen a ed han in any o he o he
p io i y egions. In he new Commission p opo-
sals on he Regional Fund,5 pu suan o he
guidelines se ou in he manda e,6 G eenland
emains a p io i y egion whe e ERDF e o s a e
o be concen a ed. I may also be no ed ha
G eenland is he only Communi y egion which
was no made subjec o he ceilings on egional
aid g an ed by Membe S a es.
Eu opean Social Fund (ESF)
G eenland is one o he six Communi y egions
gi en p io i y in he g an ing o ESF assis ance,
which, in his egion, is alloca ed mainly o
oca ional aining. F om 1976 o 1981 he
a e age amoun o aid pe pe son employed
almos quad upled and eached 19 100 people -
abou 1196 o he labou o ce - each yea . The
o al aid g an ed om 1973 o 1981 amoun s o
OJL145. 13.6.1977.
OJL323,
17.11.1978.
OJ L 103, 25.4.1979.
OJL39. 12.2.1981.
Supplemen 4/81 - Bull. EC.
Supplemen 1/81 - Bull. EC.
16 S. 1/83
app oxima ely 30 million ECU. In 1981 i
accoun ed o some 3096 o he aid gi en o
Denma k (see Table 4, page 25).
EAGGF Guidance Sec ion
Aid has been g an ed unde he Eu opean
Ag icul u al Guidance and Gua an ee Fund
(EAGGF), Guidance Sec ion, o he building o
pu chase o ishing essels based in o using po s
in G eenland. This assis ance has amoun ed o a
li le mo e han 2 million ECU (see Table 5, page
26) and has had a eal in luence on he
de elopmen o G eenland's lee (see 'Back-
g ound', poin (a), on pages 17 and 18). As a as
indi ec ac ions a e conce ned, a p og amme was
adop ed on he de elopmen o sheep a ming in
G eenland in acco dance wi h Council Regula-
ion (EEC) No 1821/80 o 24 June 1980.' An
amoun o 500 000 ECU has been se aside in he
1982 budge o his pu pose.
p og ess and which comp ises a geophysical and
ae omagne ic su ey o he Con inen al Shel
(in ol ing app oxima ely 3.5 million ECU). Two
u anium p ospec ing p ojec s ha e been success-
ully ca ied ou wi h Communi y assis ance o
some 750 000 ECU (see page 27). The a ious
esea ch p ojec s ca ied ou show ha G eenland
is a po en ial majo supplie o u anium.
Eu opean In es men Bank loans
Eu opean In es men Bank (EIB) loans o
p ojec s in G eenland o e he pe iod 1973-81
o al 52.2 million ECU and ela e mainly o he
mode niza ion o he ai po s o God håb and
Na ssa ssuaq and he po s o F ede ikshaab,
Na ssaq and Julianeshaab, he de elopmen o
elecommunica ions and he me chan lee and
he cons uc ion o he mal powe s a ions (see
Table 7, page 28). These loans ep esen some
1096 o he public in es men s in G eenland.
Eu opean Regional De elopmen Fund (ERDF)
Fo ERDF pu poses, G eenland is also ega ded
as one o he op p io i y egions in he
Communi y. Mo e han 300 p ojec s ha e been
adop ed o e he pe iod
1975-81.
All o he aid
has gone o in as uc u e p ojec s ; h ee o hese
in ol ed in es men s o mo e han 10 million
ECU each, namely he cons uc ion o an ai po
a God håb (assis ance gi en in 1976 and 1979)
and he building o powe s a ions a God håb
(1976) and Hols einsbo g (1980). The o al assis-
ance g an ed has almos eached 55 million
ECU, i.e. 7996 o he amoun s commi ed in
espec o Denma k (see Table 6, page 27) and
1596 o he amoun o public in es men s in
G eenland.
Resea ch and ene gy p ojec s
Aid o esea ch has been channelled mainly in o
p ospec ing o mine al aw ma e ials in G een-
land, pa icula ly h ough emo e sensing. The
o al amoun in ol ed is some 2 million ECU, o
which wo hi ds ela ed o u anium explo a ion
con ac s and a small p opo ion o he exploi a-
ion o such esou ces (see page 27).
In he case o he ene gy policy measu es, e o s
ha e concen a ed mainly on a hyd oca bons
explo a ion p ojec (NAD p ojec ) which is s ill in
Ag icul u e and ishe ies
Ag icul u e
The e has been no expendi u e on sheepmea in
Denma k as a whole by he EAGGF Gua an ee
Sec ion, and sheep a ming is he only o m o
ag icul u e which is o any ex en de eloped in
G eenland; so we can conclude ha apa om
he EAGGF Guidance Sec ion measu es e e ed
o abo e (see his page) expendi u e in G eenland
has been negligible.
Fishe ies
Backg ound
The s a is ics gi en in Tables 11 o 16 (pages 32-
37) show he size o he ish s ocks and he
de elopmen o G eenland ishe ies o e he las
ew yea s.
T e la ges s ocks a e cod, ed ish and p awn and
cape in o animal eedings u s.
(a) Since 1978 G eenland's ishe ies ha e de el-
oped e y apidly, as he local lee , encou aged
by Communi y assis ance, has g own by 5596 in
1 OJL180. 14.7.1980.
S. 1/83 17
h ee yea s (see Table 8); he p awn ishing lee
ose om 1 800 o 5 500 g be ween 1978 and
1980.
O e he same pe iod G eenland landings
expanded subs an ially, om abou 35 000 in
1973 o abou 90 000 in 1981; hey consis ed
mainly o cod and p awns, species o high
comme cial alue.
This de elopmen has aken place in acco dance
wi h he Communi y's policy o educing ishing
by non-Communi y coun ies o a minimum, and
gi ing p e e ence o local ishing wi hin he limi s
o exis ing esou ces; i has made possible a la ge
expansion in expo s om G eenland, which
g ew by almos 5096 be ween 1979 and 1980,
pa allel wi h he inc ease in ca ches (see Table 12).
(b) G eenland wa e s bo de on Canadian
wa e s on he wes and Icelandic and No wegian
wa e s on he eas ; hey link wo a eas o he
ocean which a e adjacen bu ecologically dis inc .
G eenland wa e s ac as a mig a ion ou e in he
biological cycle o ce ain bo om-dwelling s ocks,
as a eeding g ound o young salmon du ing
hei mig a ion o and om hei home i e s,
which a e sp ead o e he Communi y (F ance,
I eland and he Uni ed Kingdom) and No h
Ame ica (Canada and he USA), and as a b eeding
g ound o ce ain ma ine mammals; he main
li ing esou ces a e hus dependen bo h on he
coas al wa e s o he neighbou ing non-Commu-
ni y coun ies and on hei 'home S a es'.
(c) Fishing occupies a e y impo an place in
he G eenland economy, employing a qua e o
he labou o ce, no coun ing ac i i ies ela ed o
seal-hun ing and he like. The bulk o he
indus y's ou pu is expo ed a e p ocessing
( ille ing, deep eezing, d ying and o he p ese -
a ion p ocesses), and ishe ies he e o e gene -
a ed a e y la ge balance-o -paymen s su plus,
h ee qua e s o i on ade wi h Communi y
Membe S a es. The alue o ou pu , a e
p ocessing and no including ma ine mammals,
amoun s o 100 million ECU, o mo e han 4096
o GNP. Al hough he o al ese ed o G een-
land ishe men is smalle han ha o o he
Communi y ishe men, he alue o hei ca ches
is much highe (see Table 13).
Cons ain s on de elopmen
(a) On he p oduc ion side he ishing indus y is
ob iously dependen on he le el o s ocks, and
on he policies ollowed by in e na ional o gan-
iza ions and, in he case o mixed s ocks, by he
non-Communi y coun y in ol ed ( o example,
Canada in he case o p awns and halibu , and
Iceland and No way in he case o capelin).
The se ing o o al allowable ca ches (TACs), on
he basis o scien i ic ad ice, has been accompa-
nied by quo a p oposals which also ake accoun
o G eenland ishe men's g owing s ake in he
ishe ies (see Table 15).
Thus ca ches by G eenland ishe men o cod and
p awns, he wo mos impo an species, ebled
in he pe iod be ween 1973 and 1981. Fishing o
G eenland halibu and ed ish and o salmon
emained mo e o less unchanged, while capelin
ishing ell sligh ly.
Wi h p e e ence being gi en o local ishe men,
ishing by non-G eenlande s has been educed,
wi h he excep ion o ed ish in he case o he
Fede al Republic o Ge many. In 1981 Ge man
ca ches o cod, by-ca ches o he mos pa ,
amoun ed o only 4596 o ca ches in 1973. The
imp o emen in cod s ocks means o 1982 a eal
imp o emen o he ac i i ies o G eenland
ishe men on his s ock.
In he case o non-Communi y coun ies he e has
in e e y case been a d as ic all, in some cases o
ze o,
om 1978 onwa ds (see Table 14).
In he case o salmon, local ishing will be able o
con inue only wi hin he limi s se by in e na-
ional obliga ions, which en us managemen o
he ishing and conse a ion o s ocks o he
s ocks' home S a es. Ou pu has hus le elled o
a 1 190 pe yea . In acco dance wi h he
accep ed in e na ional ules, he majo oles
played by Canada and ce ain EEC Membe
S a es lea e no oom o signi ican de elopmen
he e,
bu would a he end o lead o a igh ening
o he echnical es ic ions on mesh sizes, he
leng h o he ishing season, e c.
(b) On he ma ke ing side, p oduc ion ac i i ies
depend di ec ly on ou le s; and he bulk o hese
a e ou side he e i o y
i sel ,
wi h 9096 o ou pu
being expo ed.
The Communi y cu en ly akes
80 96
o expo s,
by weigh and by alue, wi h he majo pa
passing ia Denma k; his in a-Communi y ade
is exemp om Common Cus oms Ta i du ies,
and bene i s unde he ules and mechanisms o
he common o ganiza ion o ma ke s. I may be
poin ed ou ha , whils G eenland ou pu has so
18 S. 1/83
a sca cely de i ed any bene i om in e en ion
by he EAGGF p ice suppo mechanism, he
ad an ages o ha mechanism ne e heless make
hemsel es el indi ec ly in he p ices ob aining
on he ma ke s in he o he egions o he
Communi y when he p oduc s a e sold.
Communi y aid
In addi ion o he aid co e ed by he a ious
inancial ins umen s e e ed o abo e, and
especially by he EAGGF Guidance Sec ion, i
should be poin ed ou ha as a esul o he
Council Decision o 1978 Denma k ecei ed in
ull, on behal o G eenland, he sum o 10
million ECU de e mined by he Council o he
su eillance o ishing zones. Wi h his, G een-
land was able o commission se en helicop e s o
su eillance and escue a sea and an insho e
su eillance essel, and o modi y and upda e wo
essels al eady in se ice.
De elopmen o comme cial exchanges
he consequences o he possible wi hd awal o
G eenland om he Communi y on pages 22 and
23):
(i) As an in eg al pa o he Communi y,
G eenland, co e ed by he OCT, bene i s om
Communi y p e e en ial a i a angemen s (such
as gene alized p e e ences) and om Communi y
libe aliza ion a angemen s adop ed unila e ally
o by ea y ( o example, EFTA).
(ii) G eenland's ishe y esou ces cons i u e one
o he ac o s aken in o conside a ion in ag ee-
men s concluded by he Communi y wi h ce ain
non-membe coun ies (No way, he Fae oes,
Sweden, Canada).
(iii) G eenland's special cha ac e is ics ha e o a
ce ain deg ee had an impac on he Communi y's
ex e nal policy on he en i onmen by slowing
down i s accession o in e na ional unde akings,
sho o excluding G eenland speci ically om
hem ( o example, in he case o he Bonn
Con en ion on Mig a o y Species).
In he pe iod 1973-81 G eenland's expo s o he
Communi y (excluding Denma k) ose signi i-
can ly. While o al expo s expanded du ing ha
pe iod a an annual a e o
29 96
in alue e ms,
expo s o Denma k ose by 2696, hose o he
es o he Communi y climbed by
49 96
and hose
o non-membe coun ies by
25
96.
The sha e o G eenland's expo s going o
Denma k ell om close on 6296 in 1973 o jus
o e 5096 in 1981, while he sha e accoun ed o
by he o he coun ies o he Communi y ose
om
8 96
o nea ly 26
96,
wi h he bulk going o
he Uni ed Kingdom, he Fede al Republic o
Ge many and F ance.
Expo s a e made up almos exclusi ely o
p oduc s o he ishing indus y, hun ing and
sheep a ming (5896 o he o al) and lead and
zinc o e (3896). The ishing indus y and i s
pa ially p ocessed p oduc s ha e enabled G een-
land o un a ade su plus wi h he o he
membe s o he Communi y o a numbe o
yea s (some DKR 145 million in 1981). T ade
wi h Denma k, howe e , shows a huge de ici
(DKR 780 million in 1981).'
Ex e nal ela ions
Desc ip ion o he ules applicable o
he o e seas coun ies and e i o ies
On he basis o A icles 132 and 133 o he EEC
T ea y, Council Decision 80/1186/EEC o 16
Decembe 19802 laid down he de ails o and he
p ocedu e o he associa ion o he o e seas
coun ies and e i o ies wi h he Communi y o
he pe iod 1 Ma ch 1980 o 28 Feb ua y 1985;
hese a angemen s ollow almos en i ely he
p o isions o he Lomé Con en ion.
The p inciple unde lying he a angemen s
go e ning ade in p oduc s is exemp ion om all
cus oms du ies and cha ges ha ing equi alen
e ec o impo s in o he Communi y o p oduc s
o igina ing in he o e seas coun ies and e i-
o ies.
Special p o isions apply, howe e , o he p od-
uc s lis ed in Annex II o he T ea y which a e
subjec o a common o ganiza ion o he ma ke
The ollowing should be no ed o he eco d ( his
poin is co e ed om he s andpoin o examining
1 See Table 3. page 24.
2 OJL361. 31.12.1980.
S. 1/83 19

o o speci ic ules unde he common ag icul u al
policy (CAP);' wo si ua ions a e en isaged:
(i) I no o he measu es, apa om cus oms
du ies, a e p o ided o in espec o hose
p oduc s in he Communi y, he p oduc s a e
au oma ically exemp .
(ii) Fo o he p oduc s, each case is examined
indi idually; he Communi y has ied o ake
s eps o ensu e mo e a ou able ea men han is
acco ded o hi d coun ies enjoying mos - a ou-
ed-na ion s a us.
These a angemen s conce n he ollowing p od-
uc s:
bee and eal, ishe y p oduc s, a s and oils,
ce eals, ice, p oduc s p ocessed om ce eals and
ice,
esh and p ocessed ui and ege ables,
ce ain p oduc s esul ing om he p ocessing o
ag icul u al p oduc s, aw obacco and li ing
plan s.
In ce ain cases (bee and eal, ice, ui and
ege ables, aw obacco) o al o pa ial exemp-
ion om impo du ies on p oduc s coming om
ACP S a es/OCTs is subjec o ce ain condi ions,
and limi ed o ce ain annual o plu iannual
quan i ies.2
The Communi y has also unde aken no o apply
quan i a i e es ic ions o measu es ha ing equi-
alen e ec . These a angemen s a e simila o
hose acco ded o he ACP S a es and ha e
esul ed in he comple e libe aliza ion o impo s
o
a
e y la ge p opo ion o ag icul u al p oduc s
om he ACP coun ies, including ishe y p od-
uc s.3
Mo eo e , i he applica ion o he ade a ange-
men s in ol es se ious dis u bances on he
Communi y ma ke , he Communi y may ake, o
au ho ize one o i s Membe S a es o ake, he
necessa y sa egua d measu es ( he scope o hese
sa egua d clauses, and he p ocedu e o gi ing
e ec o hem, a e de ined p ecisely by A icle 13
o he OCT Decision).
The o e seas coun ies and e i o ies, howe e ,
may e ain o in oduce, in so a as he
Communi y is conce ned, any cus oms du ies o
quan i a i e es ic ions hey conside necessa y
o hei de elopmen , subjec only o:
(i) he p ohibi ion o any disc imina ion be ween
Membe S a es;
(ii) he p ohibi ion o less a ou able ea men
o he Membe S a es han ha acco ded o hi d
coun ies ha ing he same economic s uc u e.
The ules applicable o he OCTs do no hem-
sel es con ain any p o ision o encou aging
eedom o es ablishmen o Communi y ci izens
in he OCTs. The only obliga ion on he OCT is o
ensu e o Membe S a es ea men iden ical
wi h, o a leas as a ou able as, ha g an ed o
non-membe S a es.
As ega ds access o economic ac i i ies gene ally,
especially ishing, he Communi y enjoys no
p e e en ial ea men . Thus, i may happen in
p ac ice ha an OCT, o he Membe S a e wi h
which i is associa ed, g an s a non-membe
coun y g ea e acili ies han hose acco ded o
he o he Membe S a es.4
As ega ds he mo emen o
wo ke s,
on he basis
o A icle 135 o he EEC T ea y, any eedom
depends on a unanimous decision o he Membe
S a es.
The o al amoun o inancial assis ance gi en by
he Communi y du ing he pe iod o he OCT
Decision ( i e yea s) is 109 million u.a., o which
15 million u.a. came om he Eu opean In es -
men Bank in he o m o loans.
A sum o 60 million u.a. was made a ailable in
he o m o special subsidies and loans o
indi idual p ojec s (a e deduc ion o egional
coope a ion measu es, eme gency aids, in e es -
a e subsidies on EIB loans, isk capi al and
S abex capi al). This sum o 60 million u.a. was
di ided equally be ween he F ench, Du ch and
B i ish OCTs, 20 million going o each ca ego y.
This decision is a comp omise be ween he
Membe S a es and akes no accoun o he pe
capi a GNP and he ela i e po e y o he OCTs.
1
70 %
o p oduc s coming om G eenland a e co e ed by he
CAP (see Table 16. page 37).
2 Special p o isions apply o um. bananas and suga .
' The Communi y has ne e heless insis ed on e y s ic ules
as ega ds o igin in he case o ishe y p oduc s. The e is a
special Council decla a ion conce ning he o igin o OCT
ishe y p oduc s.
4 See he concessions g an ed by F ance o Japan as ega ds
ishing in New Caledonian wa e s.
20 S. 1/83
E ec s on he Communi y o G een-
land's wi hd awal
ules,
a leas in espec o Communi y wo ke s
employed in G eenland a he ime o wi hd awal.
I G eenland ceased o be a membe and
wi hd ew om he e i o y o he Communi y,
he mu ual igh s and obliga ions a p esen
assumed by he Communi y and by Denma k in
i s capaci y as G eenland's ep esen a i e in e na-
ionally and a Communi y le el would au oma i-
cally e mina e.' Howe e , he acquis canno be
igno ed; i mus be bo ne in mind ha he
Communi y has g an ed subs an ial aid o G een-
land, ega ding i as one o i s leas - a ou ed
egions, wi h a iew o acili a ing i s economic
in eg a ion, and ha a pa e n o ade has been
es ablished.
T ansi ional measu es
Financial aid commi ed o o be commi ed
I would appea ha any solu ion adop ed mus
e lec bo h he conce n ha G eenland be ea ed
in he same way as he o he egions o he
Communi y so long as i emains a pa o i and
he need o esol e he si ua ion as soon as i
ceases o be a membe and wi hou p ejudice
o he g an ing, in o he o ms, o ce ain aid
de e mined by i s new legal s a us.
The de ac o si ua ion in ela ion o he a ious
inancial ins umen s and he possibili y o ea -
ma king annual anches o mos p ojec s should
p eclude any signi ican di icul ies.
Re en ion o es ed igh s
P o ision should be made o app op ia e meas-
u es o p o ec companies and pe sons who ha e
exe cised he igh o es ablishmen as well as
Communi y wo ke s employed in G eenland.
The ex emely small numbe o pe sons a ec ed
and he case-law o he Cou o Jus ice ha has
al eady been es ablished in a ou o he e en ion
o pension igh s acqui ed by wo ke s du ing
pe iods o employmen in a e i o y which has
subsequen ly ceased o belong o he Communi y
gi e no eason o suppose ha he e will be any
majo di icul ies in his a ea, e en i he u u e
s a us o G eenland we e o ule ou he p inciple
o ee mo emen . I would, howe e , be p e e -
able o e ain he subs ance o he Communi y
Guidelines o be applied in he de ini ion o new
ules
P oblems in ol ed in he applica ion o he ules
go e ning
o e seas
coun ies and e i o ies
(a) As ega ds he de elopmen philosophy, i is
essen ial o bea in mind he p inciples go e ning
he associa ion wi h he Communi y o coun ies
and e i o ies which ha e a special ela ionship
wi h ce ain Membe S a es.
O iginally concei ed as a means o aking in o
accoun he ac ha ce ain Membe S a es had
colonial possessions, he ules go e ning o e seas
coun ies and e i o ies ha e o en o med a
s epping-s one owa ds o he ypes o ela ion-
ship.
The p inciples, se ou in he p eamble o he
T ea y and in he Associa ion Decision
i sel ,
a e
hose o solida i y be ween he indus ialized and
he de eloping coun ies wi h a iew o achie ing
a mo e jus and balanced economic o de . The
associa ion o o e seas coun ies and e i o ies
wi h he Communi y alls wi hin he gene al
con ex o No h-Sou h ela ions and is in keeping
wi h he spi i o he mos ad anced example o
such ela ions, he Lomé Con en ion, as is
e iden om one o he eci als o he Council
Decision o 16 Decembe 1980 conce ning he
associa ion: 'Whe eas hese p o isions o m pa
o he Eu opean Economic Communi y's e o s
o es ablish, in pa icula by means o he Second
ACP-EEC Con en ion, signed a Lomé on 31
Oc obe 1979 ... a new model o ela ions be-
ween de eloped and de eloping egions ...'.
This explici e e ence in he ules on o e seas
coun ies and e i o ies o he Lomé Con en ion
is a clea indica ion o he ype and scope o he
ela ions which he Communi y in ended o
es ablish in i s associa ion wi h he o e seas
coun ies and e i o ies.
1 I mus be emphasized ha he case has no eal p eceden .
The wi hd awal o Alge ia occu ed in comple ely di e en
ci cums ances, and i s s a us as a pa o he Communi y was
no eplaced by a esh s a us.
S. 1/83 21
(b) I would be ex emely haza dous o p edic
he olume o ans e s om he Eu opean
De elopmen Fund o which G eenland would
be eligible, since hese a e no di ec ly linked o
economic conside a ions.'
(c) Excep whe e he e a e speci ic p o isions
such as hose adop ed in espec o impo s o
pe oleum p oduc s om he Ne he lands
An illes, he e is an inhe en imbalance in he
ules on o e seas coun ies and e i o ies. Des-
igned o p omo e de elopmen , hey p o ide
di ec ly o indi ec ly o he almos o al libe aliz-
a ion o ade o p oduc s om he o e seas
coun ies and e i o ies, wi h no co esponding
concessions o he Communi y. Howe e , p od-
uc s om G eenland a e much mo e compe i i e
han hose om he o e seas coun ies and
e i o ies.
(d) OCT s a us does no au oma ically p o ide
o non- ecip ocal a i - ee access o he Com-
muni y. The ques ion o wha p ac ical a ange-
men should apply o G eenland expo s (o
ishe ies in pa icula ) o he Communi y, a e
wi hd awal, is o be decided in he ligh o all
ele an conside a ions.
ela i e con ol (subjec o consul a ions wi h
hi d coun ies) o mixed s ocks, wi h he possible
loss o ee access o he Communi y ma ke ,
which abso bs 90% o i s p oduc ion, and he
loss o
all
o pa o he inancial suppo g an ed
by he Communi y.
I will be necessa y o ake ully in o accoun in
any e en ual a angemen :
(i) Communi y ishing pa e ns in G eenland
wa e s;
(ii) he ques ion o he p ope con ol o G een-
land ishing by in e cep ion o salmon o Commu-
ni y o igin.
Raw ma e ials and ene gy
G eenland has conside able na u al esou ces,
al hough hey a e s ill di icul o e alua e and
e y unde exploi ed; his si ua ion lea es open he
possibili y o u u e oppo uni ies o coope a ion
in his ield.
Ex e nal ela ions
The Communi y in e es s o be aken in o accoun
Common ishe ies policy
Special a en ion should be paid o he ishe ies
sec o , which ep esen s he mos sensi i e aspec
o ade be ween he Communi y and G eenland
and o Communi y access o G eenland's esou -
ces.
Unde he new ules, i he la e es ic ed
Communi y access o G eenland's ishing wa e s
o e en included he loss o ishing igh s in ha
a ea, he Communi y would ha e o e iew i s
supply equi emen s aking in o accoun i s own
ishing lee 's ope a ing bases and condi ions, in
he ligh o he speci ic equi emen s o coas al
egions which a e pa icula ly dependen on such
ac i i ies. I would also ha e o gi e special
p o ec ion o addi ional possible sou ces (in
pa icula in F ench Guiana and Sain Pie e and
Miquelon).
The possible coun e balance o his om he
s andpoin o G eenland would be G eenland's
e e ing o au onomous con ol o i s s ocks and
On he basis ha he CCT, he p e en ial a i
a angemen s and he Communi y libe aliza ion
a angemen s adop ed unila e ally o by ea y
would no longe be applicable unde he new
ules,
he Danish au ho i ies would ha e o
nego ia e, on a mul ila e al (GATT) and bila e al
basis,
a new ex e nal a i and new libe aliza ion
a angemen s o G eenland.
The ee ade ag eemen s concluded by he
Communi y wi h he EFTA coun ies, which a
p esen enjoy exemp ion om cus oms du ies and
ee access wi hou quan i a i e es ic ions o he
G eenland ma ke , would au oma ically cease o
apply o G eenland. The ques ion whe he he
Communi y would ha e o nego ia e wi h i s
pa ne s compensa ion o he igh s and bene i s
which hose coun ies would lose as a esul o
he 'sh inking' o he Communi y would no a ise
i he same igh s and bene i s we e g an ed by
G eenland.
1 As an example, he Ne he lands An illes is he mos
a ou ed coun y in e ms o he alloca ion o a ailable
esou ces, namely 20 million ECU o e a pe iod o i e yea s
o a popula ion i e imes ha o G eenland.
22 S. 1/83
The e is
a
simila bu mo e speci ic p oblem wi h
ishe ies ag eemen s concluded wi h some
non-
membe coun ies:
(i) i s ly wi h No way
and he
Fae oes, which
implies ecip ocal ishing ela ions
in he
wa e s
o
he
con ac ing pa ies, he eby including
access
o
he wa e s
o
G eenland;
(ii) secondly wi h Canada, which implies
a
ela ionship be ween access
o
wa e s and access
o ma ke s, whe e
he
balance
o
concessions
is
assessed
by
compa ison wi h
he
p e e en ial
sys ems g an ed
in
espec
o
EFTA membe s,
pa icula ly Iceland.
The change
in he
s a us
o
G eenland would
ce ainly,
o
he ex en ha
i
cas s doub
on he
a angemen s
o
ishing
in
coas al wa e s and on
he ade sys em, esul
in an
al e a ion
in he
balance in hese ishe ies ela ionships as
a
whole
wi h
he
coun ies
in
ques ion
and
gi e ise
o
e ision
o
some ishe ies ag eemen s.
Table
1
Popula ion
1965
1970
1981
To al
popula ion
Bo n
in
G eenland
39 600
46 531
50 643
88.7%
83.6%
81.9%
B eakdown by sex and by age
Bo n ou side
G eenland
11.3%
16.4%
18.1%
(%)
Ms
üe
Female
0-4
5-14
15-19
20-64
yea s
yea s
yea s
yea s
65 and o e
1965
51.4
48.6
19.3
26.9
7.6
43.8
2.4
1970
52.5
47.5
15.2
28.2
7.7
46.2
2.7
1981
54.4
45.6
8.6
20.0
12.5
55.3
3.6
B eakdown
o
popula ion by sec o
o
economic
ac i i y
(%>
1.
Fishing, hun ing,
sheep a ming, e c.
2.
Mining and qua ying
3.
Manu ac u ing
4.
Building and cons uc ion
5. Wholesale and e ail ades
6. T anspo
7. Adminis a ion
and o he se ices
Pa icipa ion
1965 1970 1976
27.5
19.2 15.1
2.3
0.8 1.8
11.7
14.3 14.9
11.7
15.1 14.5
11.6
11.3 10.1
10.0
10.2 8.6
25.2
29.1 35.3
100.0 100.0
100.0
33.4
39.2 43.1
Table
2
Danish Go e nmen cu en and capi al ans e s o G eenland
(million
DKR)
Cu en ans e s
Capi al ans e s
To al
1972
285
270
555
1973
311
266
577
1974
353
349
702
1975
419
317
736
1976
474
353
827
1977
536
400
936
1978
616
452
1
068
1979
660
559
1
219
1980
820
538
1
358
1981
847
585
1
432
S.
1/83
23
Table
9
(con inued)
Loans
Mezzogio no
I eland
No he n I eland
G eenland
FODs
G eece
To al
Mezzogio no
I eland
No he n I eland
G eenland
FODs
G eece
To al
Mezzogio no
I eland
No he n I eland
G eenland
FODs
G eece
To al
1973
5.50
7.15
-
139.3
-
-
5.16
149
194
-
3 790
-
-
140
11.3
2.3
-
0.7
-
-
14.3
1974
12.64
15.83
3.17
107.1
-
-
11.61
260
325
65
2 200
-
-
238
17.5
3.9
0.4
0.4
-
-
24.2
1975
16.19
12.73
-
-
-
-
13.49
238
163
-
-
-
-
173
15.6
2.0
-
-
-
-
17.5
1976 1977
Pe
capi a loans
(in
14.86
18.25
-
-
-
-
13.20
21.93
25.03
18.03
144.3
-
-
20.61
1978
ECU)
35.55
36.44
-
229.7
-
-
31.21
Pe
capi a loans (EUR
10 = 100)
178
218
-
-
-
-
156
243
277
200
1 600
-
-
228
325
333
-
2 100
-
-
286
Pe cen age
o
o al Ioana (EUR
10)
13.3
2.7
-
-
-
-
16.0
17.4
3.3
1.1
0.3
-
-
22.1
24.3
4.1
-
0.4
-
-
28.8
1979
34.21
108.20
50.23
205.3
-
-
42.16
267
843
392
1 600
-
-
328
19.8
10.6
2.3
0.3
-
-
39.0
1980
42.54
110.29
53.03
95.91
-
-
50.08
271
703
340
612
-
-
320
23.0
9.2
2.0
0.1
-
-
32.4
1981
63.4
101.4
6.8
138.8
-
16.4
50.0
453
724
49
991
-
117
357
33.9
9.3
0.3
0.2
-
4.2
47.8
30 S. 1/83

Table ¡O
B eakdown o s uc u al subsidies and loans o egions wi h highes p io i y
(million
ECU)
P io i y
egions
1980
Mezzogio no
I eland
No he n I eland
G eenland
F ench o e s, dep .
To al
( i e egions)
1981
Mezzogio no
I eland
No he n I eland
G eenland
F ench o e s, dep .
G eece
To al
(six egions)
EAGGF
Guid.,
indi .
p oj.
98.7
10.6
2.9
0.0
0.2
112.4
111.9
21.4
4.9
0.1
0.4
17.4
156.1
ESF
172.7
79.7
45.0
5.7
29.1
332.2
209.8
105.7
52.9
7.4
28.9
29.9
434.6
ERDF
489.7
77.8
29.6
7.8
31.3
636.2
722.0
108.9
51.7
14.3
20.7
250.2
1
167.8
EMS
in e es -
a e
subsidies
102.9
67.2
170.1
91.3
66.6
157.9
To al
sub-
sidies'
864.0
235.3
77.5
13.5
60.6
1 250.9
1
135.0
302.6
109.5
21.8
50.0
297.5
1
916.4
EIB
793.8
334.4
81.5
4.7
1
214.4
879.3
325.3
10.5
6.8
159.2
1
381.1
ECSC Eu a om NCI
66.7
1.0
- 41.7
1.0
- 108.4
26.6
-
383.6
10.9
- 17.3
37.5
-
400.9
To al
loans
860.5
377.2
81.5
4.7
1 323.9
1 289.5
353.5
10.5
6.8
159.2
1
819.5
1
No
including EAGGF Guidance Sec ion (indi ec measu es)
o he
ECSC budge .
S. 1/83
31
Table 11
The G eenland lee has inc eased ai ly subs an ially in ecen yea s, pa ly because o EAGGF inance
(la ines)
Mo o essels
-
o al
B eakdown
5- 49,9
g
50-
99.9
g
100-
149.9
g
150-
499.9
g
500-
999,9
g
1 000-1 999.9
g
2 000 g and o e
1978
Numbe
310
282
12
5
5
6
-
—
g
11
886
4 321
820
610
1
806
4 329
-
—
1979
Numbe
321
288
12
7
8
6
-
—
To al
g
12 792
4 322
820
907
2 414
4 329
-
—
1980
Numbe
330
291
12
7
14
6
-
—
To al
g
14 573
4 339
826
907
4
172
4 329
-
-
1981
Numbe
383
335
13
8
19
8
-
—
To al
g
18
354
4 786
893
1055
5
553
6 067
-
—
The able shows ha
he
o al numbe
o
essels inc eased
by
23.5% om
310 in
1978
o 383 in 1981.
The inc ease
is
mos ma ked as ega ds small coas al essels. The
numbe
o
essels in he 150-499.9
g
ca ego y, mainly sh impe s, wen
up
om 5
o
19.
hus e lec ing he subs an ial g ow h in sh imp ishing. The eason why
he
G eenland lee
is
so impo an o he coun y's economy
is ha
abou
25
%
o
he ac i e popula ion wo ks
in
ishe ies.
Table 12
Sales by ype o p oduc
Fish and ish p oduc s
-
o al
F esh, chilled
F ozen
o
which:
ozen ile s
Sal ed, d ied, smoked
Shell ish ( esh, chilled, sal ed, d ied, ozen)
Canned
Meal
Oil
O he p oduc s
1979
Quan i y
( onnes)
32 386
-
10716
7
292
7
872
9 545
1
680
1
477
86
1
010
Value
('000 DKR)
510 576
-
145 677
82
107
69 734
214 482
63 204
3213
141
14
125
1980
Quan i y
( onnes)
42 760
128
11
039
7 278
8 477
18
190
2 900
1
457
-
569
Value
('000 DKR)
774 773
1864
171659
94 856
85 780
401
923
101
859
2
892
-
8
796
32
S. 1/83
Table 13
Es ima e o he alue o Ashing possibili ies in G eenland in 1981
Species
Cod
Red ish
G eenland halibu
Halibu
Sh imp
Roundnose g enadie
Ca ish
Salmon
Capelin'
To al
%
A e age
(ECU/ )
602
720
482'
1 5022
1
259
743
363*
6 258
743
Quo a
o
G eenland
ishe men
( onnes) ECU)
51
000 30.7
4 500
3.2
7 500
3.6
700
1.1
29 000
36.5
1000
0.1
4 000
1.5
1
190 7.5
-
84.2
55.40
Quo a
o
o he Communi y
ishe men
( onnes) ECU)
7 000
4.2
52 800
38.0
26 000
12.5
0
0
3
200
4.0
5 400
0.4
2 000
0.7
—
-
10
000
(0,7)
59.8
39.34
Quo a
o
hi d coun ies
( onnes) ECU)
0
0
0
0
1
500 0.7
0
0
5 800
7.3
0
0
0
0
140 000 (10.3)
8.0
5.26
G and
o al
152.0
100
'
80% o
he alue
o
cod.
' 250%
o
he alue
o
cod.
1 Value/ onne indus ial landings
in
Denma k. 1977 ( oundnose g enadie mainly used
o
indus ial pu poses
in
G eenland).
4
60% o
he alue
o
cod.
5 Excluded om economic calcula ions and o als
o
his able.
S. 1/83
33
Table 14
Ca ches in G eenland wa e s
Cod
Halibu
Sh imps
Red ish
Salmon
Capelin
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
GR
NAFO
1
17
715
19
932
19314
16
282
24
220
37
470
46
384
46
606
51408
3
655
4
054
3
436
3
546
6
110
5
985
5
273
5
307
4
959
8
135
10
244
9
789
9
778
14
881
13
131
20
027
24
203
26
850
1
112
2
405
1
046
2
696
1
098
671
251
1
205
533
1
585
1
162
1
171
1
175
1420
984
1
389
1
194
1
264
3
214
3
471
1034
474
322
297
261
298
-
XIV
191
68
224
372
1833
1
347
2
755
1453
1442
4
2
1
1
4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1004
-
-
-
129
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
8
5
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
DK
NAFO
1
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
196
308
1
142
2717
5
842
3
382
1
327
872
996
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
385
505
382
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
555
XIV
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
—
-
-
711
581
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
574
-
NAFO
1
5
944
1
681
10
842
5
842
2
069
1057
1
344
1
104
332
65
2
24
93
590
4
965
12
784
1
175
10
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
-
-
2
078
568
3
120
5
074
29
379
7
369
8
592
6
287
5
132
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
D
XIV
9
262
2
309
1
552
7
075
3
564
3
936
1062
3
193
7
264
7
0
64
191
224
2
156
6
227
2
146
2
994
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
491
2
632
4
979
4
403
13
347
19
085
15
393
30
245
38
337
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
F
NAFO
1
38
-
-
-
-
-
139
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
803
924
805
353
247
556
-
-
-
-
-
4
1
-
314
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
XIV
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
57
353
-
-
-
-
-
-
490
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
EC
9
(exe
NAFO
1
6
475
2
947
11001
5
997
2
609
1057
1482
1
104
332
71
20
35
96
590
4
965
12
784
1
175
10
196
308
1
142
3
520
6
766
4
187
1680
1
119
1560
2
094
642
3
163
5
077
29
379
7
373
8
596
6
287
5
446
385
505
382
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
555
GR)
XIV
9
923
2
808
1
552
8
589
4
957
3
979
1062
4
646
7
264
8
1
66
196
235
2
157
6
231
2
146
2
994
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
768
934
4
566
2
759
5
035
4
692
13
969
19
098
15
883
30
245
38
337
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
574
-
EC
10
(ind
NAFOI
24 190
22 879
30 315
22 279
26 829
38 527
47 830
47 710
51740
3 726
4 074
3 471
3 642
6 700
10
950
18
057
6 482
4 969
8 231
10
552
10
931
13 298
21647
17318
21
707
25 322
28 390
3 206
3 047
4 569
7 773
30
477
8 044
8 847
7 492
5 979
1
970
1
667
1
553
1
275
1420
984
1
389
1
194
1
264
3 214
3 471
1034
474
322
297
261
298
555
GR)
XIV
10 114
2 876
1
776
8 960
6 790
5 326
3 817
3
197
8 706
12
3
67
197
239
2 163
6 231
2 146
2 994
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
768
1
938
4 566
2 759
5 035
4 821
14
433
19 101
15 883
30 245
38 337
-
-
-
-
6
8
5
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
-
-
12
574
—
34
S. 1/83
( onnes)
The
Fae oes
NATO
1
4 499
4911
5 355
3 460
7 346
38
_
-24
34
77
2
1
371
2 023
5 300
11
179
12612
8 070
6 867
3 554
8
-
-
-
-
6
33
171
110
260
-
-
-
-
-
—
XIV
167
652
581
440
1 407
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-8
-
4 113
13
43
1
3
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
798
-
-
—
No way
NAFO
1
15 567
3 506
3 068
2 825
1 683
4
-
35
12
37
7
11
5
2 940
5917
8 678
11
658
7 353
8 959
4 639
2 502
56
81
45
38
44
3
200
140
217
-
-
-
-
-
—
XIV
_
-
1 864
364
537
17
0
_
-
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-24
-
267
2 558
_
-65
5
112
2
-
-
-
_
-
16 539
77 840
74 251
—
USSF
NAFO
1
120
576
214
137
1 086
-
-
2913
8 650
19 775
6 944
1
389
-
-
6 033
6 468
-
-
-
-
43
192
3 982
L
XIV
_
-
-127
16
-
-
776
1
762
1 634
74
-
-
101
-
-
-
-
-
—
64
118
9 830
5 825 101 000
390
-
-
-
-
39
15
-
-
-
—
251
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
Spai
NAFOI
10 235
5 897
4017
2 090
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
6 948
6 925
-
-
-
—
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
XIV
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
—
Po ugal
NAFO
1
8 331
10 166
4 940
2 495
1052
-
-
_
32
41
95
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-33
62
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
XIV
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
Iceland
NAFO
1
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
XIV
1 446
3 009
785
3 133
25
13
3
19
3
1
0
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
367
519
617
2 144
9 777
5 632
7 410
81
151
89
-
-
20 160
70 302
168 392
114 584
108 543
—
Non-membe
coun ies
NAFO
1
XIV
38 752
1638
25 056 3 679
27 594
4
149
11 007 4 066
11
167
1
985
36
3
19
3 702 12 707
9 295 28 086
19 909 19 560
7 240
76
1 812
2
1
2
4311
7 940
101
26 959
-
36 376
-
19 965
24
17 029
375
11751
783
6 646 7 318
113 3 333
277
11219
4 420 20 294
5 925 108 835
434
464
9
153
33
-
89
371
250
-
477
-
39
-
15 20 160
70 302
-
185 689
-
192 404
-
203 387
"" —
S. 1/83 35

Table 15
TACs and quo as
donnes)
Cod
Sh imps
Red ish
Halibu
1
1
848
EC
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
'
A
o al o 20 500.
T^/-
NAFO
1
-
-
-
50
000
65
000
40
000
29
500
29
500
30
000
30
000
13
000
28
000
10
000
10
000
10
000
25
000
25
000
25
000
20
000
20
000
XIV.
Va
_
-
-
8
000
15
000
-
-
-
8000
5
500
80
000
70
000
65
000
85
000
42
000
20
000
15000
15
000
15
000
3
950
Quo a
GR
NAFO
1
25
000
-
50
000
50
000
50
000
13
500
16
500
22
000
27
600
27
850
5
000
-
4
000
6
000
4
000
7
500
-
7
500
13
350
6
000
XIV.
Va
3
000
-
3
000
1000
3
500
-
-
-
-
2
000
500
—
500
-
500
-
-
-
-
1
NAFO
1
_
-
-
-
3
000
5
025
I
310
400
400
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MC
XIV.
Va
_
-
-
-
-
—
-
2
900
525
-
-
-
500
-
-
-
1
140
50
c
NAFO
1
_
-
-
-
11000
-
-
-
-
6
500
-
5
800
4
000
5
400
14
500
-
12
150
5
700
1
200
ι
XIV.
Va
_
-
-
3
000
10
000
-
-
-
-
20
000
-
34
000
42
000
40
800
18
500
-
9
250
1
860
3
000
NAFO
1
_
-
—
—
-
1675
ι
310
400
400
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
F
XIV.
Va
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
900
525
2
-
-
-
—
—
-
-
UK
NAFO
1
_
_
_
_
1000
_
-
-
-
3
-
_
100
_
_
-
—
50
XIV.
Va
_
_
_
_
I
500
_
—
-
-
2
—
_
_
100
_
_
5
750
150
Non-membe
coun ies
NAFO
1
_
_
_
_
-
19
500
11
182
7
880
1
600
1
350
1
497
200
500
3000
5
350
750
12
750
XIV.
Va
_
_
_
_
-
_
expe .
ishing
4
200
2
450
_
_
30
500
42
500
500
1
500
_
12
000
750
Κ
Table 16
Communi y impo s om G eenland
Impo s
To al
o
which:
Fish,
c us aceans, molluscs
Fish p oduc s
Sal , sulphu , clay, s one, e c.
Lead and zinc o es
Skins and u s
1978
onnes
151 456
8 673
3 548
53 606
82 644
49
'000 ECU
54
487
13018
17 243
1 856
16 245
1 922
1979
onnes
154 025
16
068
4 567
45 933
84 446
72
000 ECU
80 067
26 528
24 530
2 354
20 345
2 498
1980
onnes
191 172
21 939
5 884
67 056
92 673
86
'000 ECU
105 174
37 953
34 181
3 479
22 887
3 404
Annex A, Supplemen 3
Legal ins umen s con aining de oga ion wi h
espec o G eenland
Di ec i e on manu ac u ed obacco
Council Di ec i e 79/32/EEC o 18 Decembe
1978 (OJ LIO, 16.1.1979) does no apply o
G eenland (A icle 9(2)).
Common o ganiza ion o he ma ke in ishe y
p oduc s
Council Regula ion (EEC) No 100/76 o 19
Janua y 1976 (OJ L 20, 28.1.1976). I is ecog-
nized ha by i ue o A icle 2 o P o ocol No 4
o he Ac conce ning he condi ions o Den-
ma k's accession o he Eu opean Communi y,
he common o ganiza ion o ma ke s in he
ishe ies sec o (in pa icula he egula ion ixing
p ices) does no apply o G eenland.
Labelling and p esen a ion o oods u s
Council Di ec i e 79/112/EEC o 18 Decembe
1978 (OJ L33, 8.2.1979) does no apply o
G eenland (A icle 25).
Conse a ion o wild bi ds
Council Di ec i e 79/409/EEC o 2 Ap il 1979
(OJ L 103, 25.4.1979) does no apply o G een-
land (A icle 1(3)).
VA
Τ di ec i e
Council Di ec i e 77/388/EEC o 17 May 1977
(OJ L 145, 13.6.1977) does no apply o G een-
land (A icle 3(2)).
Di ec i e on axes on manu ac u ed obacco
Council Di ec i e 77/805/EEC o 19 Decembe
1977 (OJ L338, 28.12.1977) does no apply o
G eenland (A icle 4).
Coo dina ion
o p ocedu es o he awa d o public
supply con ac s
Council Di ec i e 80/767/EEC o 22 July 1980
(OJ L215, 18.8.1980), supplemen ing Di ec i e
77/62/EEC, ep esen s he Eu opean Commu-
ni y's ollow-up as ega ds in e na ional a ange-
men s o he Ag eemen on Go e nmen P ocu e-
men . KGH, GTO and wo o he ins i u ions a e
lis ed among he p ocu emen en i ies subjec o
he Ag eemen . Howe e , oo no e 1 s a es ha
S. 1/83 37
p oduc s o esale a e no included in he case o Annex Β
KGH.
Summe ime
Council Di ec i e 80/737/EEC o 22 July 1980
(OJ L205, 7.8.1980) makes a de oga ion o
G eenland (A icle 3).
P o ec ion o employees in he e en o he in-
sol ency o
hei
employe
Council Di ec i e 80/987/EEC o 20 Oc obe
1980 (OJ
L283,
28.10.1980) does no apply o
G eenland since he G eenland labou ma ke
di e s om ha o he o he pa s o he
Communi y because o he geog aphical si ua ion
and cu en job s uc u es (A icle 1(3)).
Ins i u ional and legal analysis
/. The pu pose o his Annex is o p o ide
u he elemen s o an app ecia ion om a legal
and ins i u ional poin o iew.
2.
I should be ecalled i s o all ha as he
Commission was seised by he Council o a
eques o an opinion on he applica ion o
G eenland o OCT s a us, i was o necessi y
equi ed, bo h by o mal and by logical conside a-
ions,
o examine i s o all whe he G eenland
ul ils he condi ions unde he EEC T ea y o
access o OCT s a us and whe he he exis ing
p o isions, subjec o he possibili y o de oga ion
he e om in a manne compa ible wi h he
gene al sys em o OCT s a us, allowed su icien
accoun o be aken o he objec i es laid down
o he es ablishmen o a new ela ionship
be ween he Communi y and G eenland.
3.
The subs an i e condi ions ega ding access
o OCT s a us a e limi ed pu suan o A icle 131
o he EEC T ea y o he ollowing ac o s:
(i) he coun y o e i o y conce ned mus ha e
special ela ions wi h a Membe S a e;
(ii) ha coun y o e i o y mus be non-
Eu opean;
(iii) ha coun y o e i o y mus display he
cha ac e is ics o a de eloping coun y.
The o mal condi ion is he amendmen o he
EEC T ea y unde he p ocedu e laid down in
A icle 236 he eo a he ini ia i e o a Membe
S a e o o he Commission and upon a a ou -
able opinion o he Council equi ing he assen o
he Membe S a es and a i ica ion in acco dance
wi h hei espec i e cons i u ional equi emen s.
4. I is he Commission's opinion ha he
subs ance o he new sys em o be ins i u ed wi h
espec o G eenland as desc ibed in he opinion is
no incompa ible wi h he gene al sys em o OCT
s a us in ha i in ol es ei he p o isions subs an-
ially iden ical o hose applicable o he OCTs o
speci ic p o isions ela ing o p oblems di e en
om hose c ea ed by he si ua ion o he p esen
OCTs ( ishe ies).
38 S. 1/83
5.
Fu he mo e, i should be emphasized ha
ecou se o a known legal o mula does in
p inciple ha e he ad an age o legal cla i y and
ce ain y by compa ison wi h he solu ion in-
ol ing he ins i u ion o an ad hoc sys em; in he
p esen case, he desi e o a oid he p oli e a ion,
a he le el o he T ea ies, o ins ances o special
s a us ein o ces he p e e ence o he use o OCT
s a us;1
subjec o he conside a ions se ou unde
poin 2.
6. As ega ds he ins i u ional mechanisms
a ising om he use o OCT s a us, i should be
ecalled ha he implemen ing measu es all
wi hin he compe ence o he Council, ac ing
unanimously (second pa ag aph o A icle 136 o
he EEC T ea y) on a p oposal om he Commis-
sion. This is he e o e an au onomous Commu-
ni y decision-making p ocess.2
1 I should be no ed ha his line o hough coincides wi h
conside a ions o a mo e poli ical na u e which end o
minimize he 'p eceden ' which he solu ion adop ed o
G eenland migh cons i u e; he OCT o mula, applied in
conjunc ion wi h s ic ly limi ed special p o isions, ules ou
i s use o a Eu opean e i o y and es ic s he possibili y -
which is in heo y in ini e i ad hoc o mulas a e used - o
speci ic applica ion which a Membe S a e migh claim o a
non-Eu opean e i o y wi h which i has special ela ions.
2 Howe e , he special p o isions o be laid down wi h ega d
o access by Communi y ishe men o G eenland wa e s
in ol e, wha e e he legal amewo k, he conclusion o a
bila e al ag eemen be ween he Communi y and he au ho i y
esponsible o G eenland on he basis o A icle 43 o he
EEC T ea y.
S. 1/83 39

Eu opean Communi ies - Commission
Commission opinion on he s a us o G eenland
Supplemen 1/83-Bull. EC
Luxembou g: O ice o O icial Publica ions o he Eu opean Communi ies
1983
-
43
pp. -
17.6
χ 25.0 cm
DA, DE, GR, EN, FR, IT, NL
ISBN 92-825-3716-1
Ca alogue numbe : CB-NF-83-0O1-EN-C
P ice (excluding VAT) in Luxembou g
ECU 2 BFR 90 IRL 1.50 UKL 1.20 USD 2
Following he e e endum in G eenland o ganized by he local go e nmen in Feb ua y 1982
(which showed
a
majo i y o he elec o a e in a ou o wi hd awing om he Communi y),
he Danish Go e nmen asked ha he T ea ies be amended so as o b ing G eenland
wi hin he p o isions go e ning he associa ion o o e seas coun ies and e i o ies.
The Commission s a ed i s iews on his eques in
a
o mal opinion which is ep oduced in
his Supplemen .
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