V Simposio In e nacional de Ciencias del Ma
Towa ds a HAB o ecas se ice in he Galician egion
Manuel Ruiz Villa eal1*, Luz M. Ga cía Ga cía1, Ma cos Cobas1, Gonzalo González-Nue o2,
Pa icio Díaz2, Bea iz Regue a2 & José M. Cabanas2
1 Ins i u o Español de Oceanog a ía (IEO), Cen o Oceanog á ico da Co uña.
2 Ins i u o Español de Oceanog a ía (IEO), Cen o Oceanog á ico de Vigo
*E-mail: manuel. [email protected]
ABSTRACT
We will p esen he ecen de elopmen s o ou o ecas ing capabili ies o wa n o impending ha m ul algal
blooms (HABs) in Galicia, whe e aquacul u e has a s ong socio-economic impac . A HAB wa ning se ice o
moni o ing agencies and he aquacul u e indus y has been de eloped as a demons a ion o a Cope nicus ma ine
downs eam se ice coupled o he MyOcean se ice. In his con ibu ion, we desc ibe he Galician ASIMUTH
o ecas sys em and demons a e i s skill in p edic ing HAB anspo and i s use ulness o p o ide assessmen
o he managemen o he a eas a ec ed by oxic ou b eaks. We also desc ibe he Galician pilo HAB bulle ins,
aimed a dis ibu ing o ecas s o HAB e en s ha migh induce closu es o ha es ing a eas o , when he a eas
a e al eady closed, a gi ing in o ma ion on o hcoming oceanog aphic condi ions ha could a ou o hampe
he opening o an a ea. Ou esul s show ha he model o ecas s and he bulle ins can p o ide ea ly wa ning o
he isk o Dinophysis spp. e en s and he isk o closu es linked o he p esence o oxins abo e egula o y
le els in ha es ing a eas.
INTRODUCTION
IEO is a public esea ch ins i u e ounded in 1914 and
de o ed exclusi ely o ma ine ela ed s udies including
ishe ies, aquacul u e and ma ine en i onmen s udies. IEO
ou inely pe o ms moni o ing o hyd og aphy, plank on,
ishe ies and pollu an s along he Spanish coas s. IEO
main ains a la ge obse ing sys em o moni o ing o
oceanog aphic and biological p ope ies a ound he Ibe ian
Peninsula and Islands [1]. As a de elopmen o suppo ing
use s in di e en domains, a sui e o p oduc s o he
gene al public, and mo e speci ic o he aquacul u e,
ma ine leisu e, ishing and comme cial use s, a e a ailable
in he web po al h p://www.indicedea lo amien o.ieo.es.
Wi h downscaled models IEO is p oducing upwelling
indexes, on al maps o ishe ies and beach s a us
in o ma ion o ma ine leisu e pu sui s
(h p://playas.ieo.es). Da a and p oduc s a e dissemina ed
h ough web applica ions some o hem eady o sma
phones.
Du ing he ASIMUTH p ojec , an e o was made o
de elop p oduc s ha cha ac e ize he oceanog aphic
condi ions du ing pe iods o HABs and ha help o ecas
he isk o impending HABs. A he No h-wes e n Ibe ian
coas , HAB e en s (mainly Dinophysis spp.) a e a ecu en
phenomena h oughou he whole yea , leading o closu es
o ha es ing a eas in a egion whe e aquacul u e has a
s ong socioeconomic impac . Pilo bulle ins o ea ly
wa ning o HAB e en s in he Galician shel and ías we e
de eloped du ing ASIMUTH o espond o he demand o
speci ic HAB o ecas s (moni o ing agencies and he
aquacul u e indus y) [2]
MATERIAL & METHODS
O e he pas en yea s, he Coas al Ocean Modelling
G oup a IEO has gained wide expe ience in he simula ion
o he ci cula ion o he NW and N Ibe ian shel and slope
using he Regional Ocean Model Sys em (ROMS). In i s
p esen o ecas con igu a ion, he models is being un
ou inely wi h a mosphe ic da a supplied by he egional
wea he se ice (Me eoGalicia,
h p://www.me eogalicia.es). Open bounda ies and ini ial
condi ions a e ob ained om a la ge scale model, he
ope a ional o ecas ing sys em o he No h A lan ic
(PSY2V4/Me ca o Ocean) in he MyOcean Cope nicus
Ma ine Se ice. The ope a ional g id domain spans om
he A lan ic ( om Cape S. Vicen e, Po ugal) o he
Can ab ian Sea shel es (up o Gijón, Spain), wi h a 4 km
esolu ion. A highe esolu ion 1.3 km g id cen ed in he
Galician coas uns nes ed. This sys em p o ides wa e
empe a u e, salini y, su ace ele a ion, cu en s and luxes
wi h a 3 day o ecas ange. The model con igu a ion has
been ex ensi ely compa ed wi h da a and i has shown skill
in simula ing he obse ed a iabili y o shel and slope
p ocesses in he a ea [2,3] Ano he p e-ope a ional
con igu a ion, de eloped du ing he ASIMUTH p ojec ,
uns wi h a 3.5 km esolu ion and ex ends o he F ench
shel . A N2PZD2 biochemical model is un coupled o he
physical model and p o ides esul s o nu ien s,
chlo ophyll, phy oplank on and zooplank on [3].
The Galician HAB o ecas sys em ga he s da a on he
s a us o ha es ing a eas (open o closed) and abou he
p esence o oxic species and also in o ma ion on he
cu en oceanog aphic condi ions om in-si u
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V Simposio In e nacional de Ciencias del Ma
measu emen s and sa elli e image y. This is combined wi h
he analysis o he esul s o high esolu ion local nume ical
model p edic ions ha help cha ac e ise along-sho e and
ac oss-sho e anspo . Expe s use his in o ma ion and
hei knowledge o issue a p edic ion o whe e a HAB is
“likely” o esul in closu es o ha es ing a eas. We ha e
pe o med hindcas and o ecas simula ions o di e en
pe iods ha show ha he o ecas sys em is able o
desc ibe and p edic ac oss and along-sho e anspo
a ec ing ha es ing si es in Galicia and hei a iabili y
and he e o e can p o ide assessmen o moni o ing
agencies and he aquacul u e indus y o implemen
p o ec i e measu es on ime.
RESULTS & DISCUSION
Can ou sys em p o ide an ea ly wa ning o HAB e en s?
The main species causing oxic ou b eaks in Galicia a e he
dino lagella es Dinophysis spp. (D. acumina a and D.
acu a) and Gymnodinium ca ena um; associa ed wi h
dia he ic (DSP) and pa aly ic shell ish poisoning (PSP)
e en s. D. acumina a appea s in he ías linked o he
beginning o he upwelling season and pe sis s h oughou
he upwelling season; a ia ions in cell numbe s a e
associa ed wi h wind e en a iabili y.. I is known ha
highes ne g ow h o D. acumina a is obse ed du ing
elaxa ion and downwelling ollowing upwelling e en s.
Du ing ASIMUTH we ha e demons a ed ha he o ecas
model is able o desc ibe in de ail he oceanog aphic
condi ions in esponse o upwelling-downwelling cycles
and he in e play o di e en physical o cing (wind e en s,
ides...). The o ecas model is he e o e able o wa n o he
condi ions a ou able o D. acumina a g ow h: upwelling
e en s ( a ou able o he g ow h o i s p ey Mesodinium
spp.) ollowed by e en ion in he ias ( a ou able o he
encoun e o Dinophysis and Mesodinium). Pa icula ly, he
model is able o wa n o po en ially apid changes in cell
densi ies linked o shi s in winds. The e o e, we can pu
o h ha he o ecas model can wa n o he isk o a DSP
e en by D. acumina a ha migh cause he closing o
ha es ing a eas.
In con as o D. acumina a, D. acu a and G. ca ena um a e
e y seasonal and appea a he au umn ansi ion om
upwelling o downwelling a ou able condi ions as sudden
blooms ha ha e been linked o along-sho e ad ec ion o
shel wa e s. Au umn blooms cause high economic losses
o he shell ish indus y when closu es las o se e al
mon hs, including he win e (Ch is mas) ha es season,
when sales a e a hei peak. In his con ibu ion we will
show hindcas simula ions o he dino lagella e blooms
du ing he au umns o 2005 and 2013. The p esence o D.
acu a in 2005 and 2013 and o G. ca ena um in 2005 on he
no he n Po uguese shel in he summe o he wo yea s
was de ec ed by he Po uguese moni o ing sys em. In
Oc obe 2005 and Sep embe 2013, hese oxic species
suddenly appea ed in Galicia. The ASIMUTH sys em was
able o o ecas along-sho e ad ec ion associa ed wi h he
a i al o au umn HABs o Galicia in bo h yea s. In Figu e
1 we can see ha he o ecas sys em p edic ed no hwa ds
anspo on he shel on he days be o e 30 Sep embe
2013 able o anspo HAB popula ions om Po uguese
wa e s. This is clea ly seen bo h in along-sho e sec ions
and in he esul s om he Lag angian simula ions acking
pa icles emi ed on he shel om he la i udes o he
no he nmos Po uguese bi al e moni o ing a eas
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The de elopmen s desc ibed in his wo k ha e been unded
by p ojec s ATLANTOS (Ho izon 2020 call BG-8-2014),
ASIMUTH (Fp7-SPACE-261860), MyOcean2 (Fp7-Space-
2011-1-283367), RAIA Coas al Obse a o y p ojec s
(0313-RAIA-1-E and 0520-RAIA-CO-1-E, POCTEP
2007–2013) and by he Axencia Galega de Inno ación
(GAIN, Xun a de Galicia). Compu a ions we e pa ially
pe o med a CESGA (Cen o de Supe compu ación de
Galicia).
Fig. 1. Galician Pilo HAB Bulle in page o F iday 27
Sep embe 2013. Top panel: 3-day o ecas s o model
gene a ed SST and eloci ies. Bo om le panels: 3-day
e olu ion o pa icles eleased om he wo no he nmos
Po uguese bi al e moni o ing a eas Le panel: 3-day
o ecas o no h-sou h eloci ies ( ed and blue
espec i ely) along c oss-sho e sec ions a he cen al
la i udes o he Po uguese moni o ing a eas (le , Viana,
igh , Po o)
REFERENCES
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