Aleksei Mashlako , An i Keski-Koukka i, Aleksei
Romanenko, Ville Tikka, Peyman Ja a y, An i Supponen,
Joni Ma kkula, Ma i A o, Rina Abdu a iko , Anna
Kulmala, Sami Repo, Samuli Honkapu o, Pe i
Jä en aus a & Ja mo Pa anen
Final epo : In eg a ed business
pla o m o dis ibu ed ene gy
esou ces – HEILA
ISBN 978-952-335-420-3 (PDF)
ISSN-L 2243-3376
ISSN 2243-3376
Lappeen an a 2019
LUT Scien i ic and Expe ise Publica ions
LAPPEENRANNAN–LAHDEN TEKNILLINEN YLIOPISTO LUT
LAPPEENRANTA–LAHTI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LUT
LUT School o Ene gy Sys ems
LUT Scien i ic and Expe ise Publica ions
Tu kimus apo i – Resea ch Repo s
Tu kimus apo i Resea ch Repo s
101
101
LUT-yliopis o
LUT School o Ene gy Sys ems
Tu kimus apo i 101
LUT Uni e si y
LUT School o Ene gy Sys ems
Resea ch epo 101
Aleksei Mashlako 1, An i Keski-Koukka i3, Aleksei Romanenko1, Ville Tikka1, Peyman
Ja a y2, An i Supponen2, Joni Ma kkula2, Ma i A o3, Rina Abdu a iko 3, Anna Kulmala3,
Sami Repo2, Samuli Honkapu o1, Pe i Jä en aus a2and Ja mo Pa anen1
1LUT Uni e si y
2Tampe e Uni e si y
3VTT
Final epo : In eg a ed business pla o m o dis ibu ed
ene gy esou ces – HEILA
LUT-yliopis o
LUT School o Ene gy Sys ems
PL 20
53851 LAPPEENRANTA
ISBN 978-952-335-420-3 (PDF)
ISSN-L 2243-3376
ISSN 2243-3376
Lappeen an a 2019
P e ace
This epo is he summa y on he esul s o he ”In eg a ed business pla o m o dis ibu ed ene gy
esou ces – HEILA” p ojec ealized by LUT Uni e si y, Tampe e Uni e si y and VTT. The
p ojec was s a ed in Ma ch 2017 and inalized du ing he summe 2019. The epo in oduces
he wo k in di e en wo k packages and asks, and includes he main esul s, which a e desc ibed
in mo e de ail in a ious in e na ional con e ence and jou nal publica ions, heses wo ks and in
o he documen s. The main unding o he p ojec has been p o ided by Business Finland. The
ollowing companies ha e also pa icipa ed in he unding and he wo k o he s ee ing g oup:
Fing id Oyj, Helen Oy, Helen Sähkö e kko Oy, Lempäälän Ene gia Oy, PKS Sähkönsii o Oy
( ep esen ing R4 conso ium), Tampe een Sähkö e kko Oy, Con ion Oy, G eenEne gy Finland
Oy, FinnEne gia Oy, Liikenne i a Oy, MSc Elec onics Oy, Nokia Solu ions and Ne wo ks Oy,
Siemens Oy, Wapice Oy.
Lappeen an a and Tampe e, Sep embe 2019
Au ho s
1
Abs ac
Ene gy sys ems a e in a majo p ocess o ansi ion om bo h echnology and business pe spec-
i e. The amoun o dis ibu ed gene a ion is inc easing, load p o iles a e changing and new ypes
o con ollable and uncon ollable esou ces a e being connec ed o he sys em (e.g. s o age
uni s, elec ic ehicles). In gene al, hese esou ces a e called dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces
(DERs). The ole o mic og ids, ene gy communi ies and agg ega o s ( i ual powe plan s)
is being pa icula ly emphasized in he elec ical sys em because hey c ea e an oppo uni y
o new kind o lexibili y p o ided by DERs, bu also in oduce new challenges o ene gy
sys em managemen . Business po en ial o in elligen ene gy solu ions is eno mous bu he e
a e s ill majo ba ie s ha block mos o he no el business oppo uni ies in he p esen ene gy
sys em. One o he mos signi ican echnical ba ie is he lack o widely accep ed in e ope able
in o ma ion exchange solu ion (da a model and in e aces) ha is easily accessible and ul ills
business needs by all pa ies dealing wi h he ene gy sys em.
HEILA p ojec aims o de ine, implemen and demons a e an in eg a ed business pla o m o
DERs o in o ma ion exchange be ween ene gy ma ke pa icipan s. The i s implemen a ion
o such a pla o m will be ealized du ing he p ojec o in eg a e sma g id demons a ions
in Finland o de elop, es , pilo and inally also comme cialize new sma ene gy sys em
unc ionali ies consis ing o in e ac ions and impac s o mul iple pa icipan s. De elopmen o
such a sys em begins as a na ional sma g id demons a ion pla o m in Finland bu will be
designed o suppo Eu ope wide deploymen o he sys em.
2
Con en s
Nomencla u e 5
1 In oduc ion 8
2 Use case desc ip ions 11
2.1 Usecaseme hodology .............................. 11
2.2 Re iew o use cases in o he p ojec s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Gene alusecases ................................. 15
2.3.1 Mic og id moni o ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.2 F equency con ainmen ese e o no mal ope a ion (FCR-N) . . . . . 15
2.3.3
Flexibili y se ices o dis ibu ion sys em ope a o s (DSOs) (DSO Flex-
ibili y)................................... 18
2.4 De ailedusecases................................. 18
2.5 Implemen a ion use cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.6 sma g id a chi ec u e model (SGAM) use case a chi ec u e . . . . . . . . . . 20
3 HEILA pla o m 24
3.1 Gene alin oduc ion ............................... 24
3.2 HEILAAPI.................................... 27
3.2.1 Clien /Se e a chi ec u e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2.2 Payload ac o y.............................. 27
3.2.3 Me ada a egis e ............................. 30
3.3 Ac o modelling.................................. 34
3.4 Cybe secu i y ................................... 36
3.5 Da awa ehouse .................................. 37
4 Demons a ions 39
4.1 Labo a o ies used in demons a ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.1.1 LUT Uni e si y (LUT) G een Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.1.2 Tampe e Uni e si y (TAU) Sma G id Labo a o y . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.1.3 Teknologian u kimuskeskus VTT Oy (VTT) Mul iPowe . . . . . . . . 42
4.2 Ini ial implemen a ion esul s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2.1 Sma API es ing............................. 43
4.2.2 Fi s on si e implemen a ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.3 Communica ion es ing.............................. 45
4.3.1 equency con ainmen ese e (FCR) use case . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3.2 DSO lexibili y use case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.4 Open-loop es ing................................. 50
4.4.1 FCRusecase ............................... 52
4.4.2 DSO lexibili y use case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.5 Closed-loop es ing ................................ 60
5 HEILA as an enable o na ional sma ene gy ecosys em 64
5.1 Wha isanecosys em? .............................. 64
5.2 Finnish sma ene gy ecosys em - Sma Ene gy Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.2.1 Wo kshop esul s in HEILA p ojec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.2.2 HEILA ole in Sma Ene gy Finland - ecosys em . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6 Conclusions 72
Re e ences 74
3

Appendices 76
I.Gene alusecases................................... 76
II.De ailedusecases .................................. 87
III. Implemen a ion use cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
4
Nomencla u e
Ac onyms
AES Ad anced Enc yp ion S anda d
AES-256 Ad anced Enc yp ion S anda d wi h 256 bi s diges
AMI Ad anced Me e ing In as uc u e
AMS Agg ega o Managemen Sys em
ASDU Applica ion Se ice Da a Uni
BESS Ba e y Ene gy S o age Sys em
CA Common Add ess
CIM Common In o ma ion Mode
CRP Condi ional Re-P o iling
DER Dis ibu ed Ene gy Resou ce
DMS Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em
DSO Dis ibu ion Sys em Ope a o
EAI En e p ise Applica ion In eg a ion
EC Eu opean Commission
ELK Elas icsea ch, Logs ash, and Kibana
ESB En e p ise Se ice Bus
ESP Encapsula ing Secu i y Payload
EU Eu opean Union
EV Elec ic Vehicle
FCR F equency Con ainmen Rese e
FCR-N F equency Con ainmen Rese e o No mal Ope a ion
FMP Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m
GPS Global Posi ioning Sys em
HLUC High-Le el Use Case
HTTP Hype ex T ans e P o ocol
HTTPS Hype ex T ans e P o ocol Secu e
ICT In o ma ion and Communica ion Technology
IEC In e na ional Elec o echnical Commission
IED In elligen Elec onic De ice
IOA In o ma ion Objec Add ess
IP In e ne P o ocol
IT In o ma ion Technology
JSON Ja aSc ip Objec No a ion
JSON-LD Ja aSc ip Objec No a ion o Linked Da a
5
LSVPP La ge Scale Vi ual Powe Plan s
LUT LUT Uni e si y
LV Low-Vol age
LVDC Low- ol age Di ec Cu en
MGMS Mic og id Managemen Sys em
MMS Manu ac u ing Message Speci ica ion
MO Mic og id Ope a o
MQTT Message Queuing Teleme y T anspo
MV Medium-Vol age
OPF Op imal Powe Flow
OSI Open Sys ems In e connec ion
PC Pe sonal Compu e
PK Public Key
PPP Public–P i a e Pa ne ship
PUC P ima y Use Case
PV Pho o-Vol aic
RDF Resou ce Desc ip ion F amewo k
RMP Rese e Ma ke place
RSA Ri es –Shami –Adleman algo i hm
RTDS Real-Time Digi al Simula o
SAU Subs a ion Au oma ion Uni
SCADA Supe iso y Con ol And Da a Acquisi ion
SGAM Sma G id A chi ec u e Model
SHA-512 Secu e Hash Algo i hm wi h 512 bi s diges
SQL S uc u ed Que y Language
TAU Tampe e Uni e si y
TCP T ansmission Con ol P o ocol
TLS T anspo Laye Secu i y
TSO T ansmission Sys em Ope a o
UDP Use Da ag am P o ocol
UML Uni ied Modeling Language
URI Uni o m Resou ce Iden i ie
VPN Vi ual P i a e Ne wo k
VTT Teknologian u kimuskeskus VTT Oy
XML Ex ensible Ma kup Language
6
7
2.2 Re iew o use cases in o he p ojec s
The inc easing end o eplacing adi ional cen alized o ms o elec ici y p oduc ion wi h
enewable DERs has c ea ed he need o de elop powe sys ems h oughou Eu ope. The e o e,
sma g ids and i s applica ions ha e been al eady s udied o se e al yea s wi h he aim o
ha monizing Eu opean ene gy sys em de elopmen in he same di ec ion. In his sec ion, some
ocal use cases o o he Eu opean sma g id p ojec s a e ga he ed. They we e e iewed as a
s a ing poin when de ining he a chi ec u e in HEILA p ojec du ing he Use Case Agg ega ion
phase. Fo he HEILA p ojec , a dozen o he p e iously implemen ed sma g id p ojec s ha e
been e iewed and he mos ocal six o hem a e sho ly p esen ed nex including he c ucial use
cases om he p ojec s collec ed in Table 1.
IDE4L
was a 3-yea demons a ion p ojec unded by Eu opean Commission (EC), wi h a ision
o de elop dis ibu ed and hie a chical au oma ion solu ion and unc ionali ies o comple e
dis ibu ion g id managemen , which enables clean and eliable ene gy o he u u e [
13
].
OS4ES
“Open Sys em o Ene gy Se ices” was also a 3-yea EC p ojec , wi h a cen al aim o
p o ide a solu ion ha would close he in o ma ion, communica ion and coope a ion gap be ween
DERs and DSOs [
14
].
DREAM
“Dis ibu ed Renewable esou ces Exploi a ion in elec ic g ids
h ough Ad anced hie a chical Managemen ” was a EC unded p ojec ha included pa ne s
which ocused on h ee main ea u es: 1) Ma ke bene i s om empowe ed consume s and
p osume s. 2) F om “passi e” o “ac i e” sma dis ibu ion g ids. 3) E icien gene a ion om
dis ibu ed enewable sou ces [
15
].
Sma Ne
p ojec aims o p o ide op imized ins umen s
and modali ies o imp o e he coo dina ion be ween he g id ope a o s a na ional and local le el
and he exchange o in o ma ion o moni o ing and o he acquisi ion o ancilla y se ices
om subjec s loca ed in he dis ibu ion segmen . I ecei es unding om he Eu opean Union’s
Ho izon 2020 esea ch and inno a ion p og am [
16
].
FENIX
“Flexible Elec ici y Ne wo k
o In eg a e he eXpec ed ‘ene gy e olu ion’” had an objec i e o boos DERs by maximizing
hei con ibu ion o he elec ic powe sys em, h ough agg ega ion in o la ge scale i ual
powe plan s (LSVPP) and decen alized managemen [
17
]. De eloping an in eg a ed esea ch
in as uc u e o sma g id sys ems is he a ge o he EU- unded
ERIG id
"Eu opean Resea ch
In as uc u e suppo ing Sma G id Sys ems Technology De elopmen , Valida ion and Roll
Ou - p ojec ", whe e 18 o Eu ope’s op esea ch ins i u ions join o ces in o de o pool oge he
hei know-how and imp o e esea ch in as uc u es wi hin he sma g id sec o [
18
]. The lack
o sys em alida ion app oaches o Sma G ids is especially add essed by ERIG id.
Table 1 summa izes he use cases om he six selec ed p ojec s ha deal he same opics
we add essed in he HEILA p ojec . The use cases we e di ided in o h ee clus e s and mo e
speci ically in o gene al o high-le el use cases (HLUCs) and la e in o de ailed o p ima y use
cases (PUCs). In his able, he used clus e s a e: Business, Con ol and Moni o . Business
14

clus e included ma ke and ope a ional in e ac ions among Agg ega o , DSO and TSO. Con ol
clus e inco po a ed Real- ime con ol- and Powe quali y- ela ed HLUCs. Moni o clus e was
de o ed only o Real- ime moni o ing since ha was he main issue we we e dealing wi h in ou
moni o ing use cases in HEILA.
2.3 Gene al use cases
Following he analysis o he ocal use cases o he Eu opean sma g id p ojec s desc ibed
abo e and gene a ing own use cases, a ew gene al use cases we e ex ac ed as being essen ial in
HEILA p ojec . The gene al use cases we e ocused on p ocessing and exchange o in o ma ion
be ween he ollowing main ac o s: DERs, mic og id ope a o s (MOs), agg ega o s, DSOs,
TSOs, ma ke places, and hi d-pa y se ice p o ide s. The selec ed gene al use cases we e
"mic og id moni o ing", "mic og id pa icipa ion in he ma ke as FCR-N", and "p o ision o
mic og id lexibili y se ices o DSO". Lis o he main ac o s u ilized in HEILA gene al use
cases is p esen ed in Table 2. Each o he use cases was desc ibed om he poin o MO, DSO,
and Agg ega o as he main ac o s. In wha ollows, a summa y o hese use cases is p o ided,
while he ull e sion o he gene al use cases can be ound in Appendix I o he he p esen
epo .
2.3.1 Mic og id moni o ing
The moni o ing use case is he simples bu a c ucial one. The main ac o is he MO, who moni o s
he DERs o he mic og id. The MO acqui es, p ocesses, and s o es aw measu emen s, and
ex ac s and publishes he equi ed in o ma ion. The main objec i es a e con inuous e i ica ion
o he s a es o he lexibili y ese es / se ices o he mic og id as well as e ie al o in o ma ion
equi ed by agg ega o s in o de o o e mic og id ese es / se ices in he lexibili y and
ese e ma ke s. Whe e needed, he MO uses hi d-pa y se ices, such as wea he o ecas ing, o
es ima e he expec ed lexibili y in a sho - ime. The moni o ing use case also includes p o ision
o echnical da a o he DSO ela ed o he po en ial o island o o -g id ope a ion.
2.3.2 FCR-N
This use case shows how lexible DERs o mic og id could pa icipa e in a luc a i e hou ly
ma ke o FCR-N h ough agg ega o . The la e is he main ac o in he use case, who collec s
and p ocesses he in o ma ion abou a ailable olumes o ac i e powe ese es published by he
MOs, and p epa es and submi s p ice bids o he FCR-N ma ke . Ha ing ob ained he esul s o
he ading session, he agg ega o op imizes he dis ibu ion o he o-be-main ained ese es
be ween MOs. Consequen ly, he MOs pe o m in e nal escheduling o he powe lows o
DERs wi hin mic og ids, and moni o and con ol he deli e y o ac i e powe egula ion se ice.
Finally, he MOs deli e e i ica ion epo s o inancial se lemen o agg ega o ha e i ies
he amoun s o main ained and ac i a ed ese es by each o he MOs and deli e s agg ega ed
15
Table 1: Gene ic use cases om EU p ojec s conside ed mos ele an o HEILA p ojec .
Clus e HLUC PUC P ojec
Business Ma ke in e ac ion
among Agg ega o ,
DSO/TSO
Flexibili y nego ia ions be ween he
Flexibili y P o ide , Agg ega o , and
se ed oles (such as DSO, balance e-
sponsible pa y (BRP), and TSO)
OS4ES
Agg ega ion o DERs in comme cial
i ual powe plan s (VPPs) FENIX
Ma ke bidding and se ice p ocu e-
men IDE4L
Ope a ion o a local ma ke by he
DSO Sma Ne
Ope a ion in e ac ion
among Agg ega o ,
DSO/TSO
Vol /Va Con ol – Dynamic, S a ic,
Op imiza ion OS4ES
LV (MV) cell p o ision o lexibili y DREAM
LV (MV) ne wo k conges ion manage-
men based on p ocu emen o sched-
uled e-p o iling (SRP) and condi-
ional e-p o iling (CRP) se ices p o-
ided by Agg ega o s o a local ma -
ke
IDE4L
Sha ing balancing esponsibili y be-
ween DSO and TSO Sma Ne
Decen alized pee - o-pee con ol
(con ains p e-emp i e s eps o de e -
mine lexibili y wi h model calcula-
ions)
DREAM
Agg ega ion o DERs in VPP. (Agg e-
ga ion, scheduling) OS4ES
Con ol Real- ime con ol
Real- ime lexibili y elease o he LV
cell in eme gency si ua ions (e.g. con-
ges ion)
DREAM
Local LV con ol o sol e a con in-
gency in eme gency si ua ion DREAM
LV (MV) ne wo k conges ion manage-
men based on DSO’s esou ces and
DERs
IDE4L
F equency con ol – P ima y, Sec-
onda y, and Te ia y OS4ES
Powe quali y
Use o lexibili y in ac i e powe ne -
wo ks ERIG id
Moni o Real- ime moni o ing
LV (MV) ne wo k eal- ime moni o -
ing and s a e es ima ion IDE4L
Ce i ied Ene gy Ma ke OS4ES
16
Table 2: Main ac o s o gene al use cases deployed in HEILA p ojec .
Ac o ’s
Name
Ac o ’s
Type Ac o ’s Desc ip ion
Dis ibu ed
Ene gy
Resou ce
(DER)
Physical e-
sou ce
A dis ibu ed physical esou ce o powe gene a ion, demand
esponse, and s o age.
P osume People
A p o ide o DERs (owned himsel o oge he wi h o he
pa ne s), and con ac cus ome o mic og id ope a o ha
is allowed o moni o and con ol i s DERs.
Mic og id
Ope a o
(MO)
O ganiza ion
A housing company, coope a i e o se ice company ha
op imizes he ope a ion o he physical mic ocompu e ne -
wo k, manages he con ol o he ene gy esou ces o he
mic o-ne wo k,
aims o inc ease mic og id e iciency by selling a ailable
DER lexibili y
1
, and is esponsible o he secu i y o he
dedica ed ne wo k (= physical mic o-ne wo k).
Agg ega o
O ganiza ion
An elec ici y ma ke pa icipan o se ice p o ide ha pools
a ailable ac i e powe ese es o mic og ids and esells hem
in di e en elec ici y ma ke s.
Dis ibu ion
Sys em
Ope a o
(DSO)
O ganiza ion
A na u al o legal pe son esponsible o ope a ing, ensu ing
he main enance o and, i necessa y, de eloping he dis i-
bu ion sys em ha aims o imp o e powe quali y (e.g. con-
ges ion managemen , amping issues, ol age quali y, e c.) in
dis ibu ion ne wo k and educe expenses by using mic og id
lexibili y.
T ansmission
Sys em
Ope a o
(TSO)
O ganiza ion
A na u al o legal pe son esponsible o ope a ing, ensu ing
he main enance o and, i necessa y, de eloping he ans-
mission sys em ha aims o op imize he pe o mance o he
ansmission g id wi h low-cos ese es o mic og ids.
Rese e Ma -
ke
O ganiza ion
An o ganiza ion ha p o ides a ma ke place o acili a e
ading wi h equency con ainmen ese es o a ee.
Se ice
p o ide
O ganiza ion
A endo ha p o ides IT o AI solu ions and/o se ices o
mic og id ope a o o agg ega o o a ee.
Flexibili y
Ma ke
O ganiza ion
An o ganiza ion ha p o ides a ma ke place o acili a e
ading o lexibili y se ices o a ee.
1
A ailable DER lexibili y means how much o a ce ain ancilla y se ice ype emains a e aking in o
accoun "locked" amoun s ha ha e been al eady sold o equi ed o co e base needs.
17
e i ica ion da a o TSO.
2.3.3 Flexibili y se ices o DSOs (DSO Flexibili y)
In his use case, he p ima y ac o is he DSO, whose main a ge is o make use o he lexibili y
se ices p o ided by DERs o imp o e ope a ion o a ce ain pa o he dis ibu ion ne wo k.
The MOs es ima e he amoun s o lexibili y se ices hey a e able o o e o he DSO as
pa o mic og id moni o ing p ocess and publish his da a o agg ega o (s). The agg ega o s
publish a ea- o mic og id-speci ic o e s o he ma ke place. The ma ke place ansmi s his
in o ma ion o he DSO and he la e uns an in e nal p ocess o de ine he o al amoun s o
se ices o buy. The DSO hen no i ies ma ke place o accep ed olumes by a ea o mic og id,
and he ma ke place se les he con ac be ween he agg ega o s and DSO. The agg ega o s
p oceed wi h dis ibu ion o accep ed olumes o he MOs, who, in hei u n, pe o m in e nal
escheduling o DERs and con ol hem o p o ide he se ices. Simila o he FCR use case, he
MOs p epa e e i ica ion epo s o inancial se lemen .
When he pla o m suppo s FCR and DSO Flexibili y i would be eady o suppo addi ional
use cases. Fo example, p ocu emen o equency egula ion se ices by DSO o empo a y
island ope a ion.
2.4 De ailed use cases
The de ailed use cases u he speci ied he gene al use cases by ep esen ing he business ac o s
by co esponding au oma ion ac o s and de ining hese au oma ion ac o s in e ms o in e aces,
da abases and unc ions. Fo ins ance, i he gene al use cases consis ed only o business en i ies
like he DSO, he P osume , he Agg ega o , e c., he de ailed use cases con ained he sys ems
used by hose business en i ies and hei in e ac ions, e.g. he dis ibu ion managemen sys em
(DMS), in elligen elec onic de ice (IED), e c. The o e all iew on he use case seman ic
be ween he ac o s o de ailed and gene al use cases is displayed in Figu e 3. The desc ip ion
o he de ailed ac o s can be ound in Table 3 and he use case desc ip ions a e a ailable in
Appendix II o he p esen epo .
2.5 Implemen a ion use cases
The inal s ep was a de elopmen o he implemen a ion use cases ha would demons a e he
business ope a ions associa ed wi h he use o DERs. Acco ding o he esul s ob ained a he
de aliza ion phase, i was decided ha FCR and DSO Flexibili y use cases will be demons a ed
in HEILA pla o m while he moni o ing use case was included in hese wo as he co e o hei
ope a ion. The implemen a ion use cases a e well combina ion o a chi ec u e equi emen s
whe e he mic og id esou ces could be adop ed o an exis ing ene gy ma ke s uc u e (FCR)
and o u u e sma g id scena ios (DSO Flexibili y). Mo eo e , hese use cases ope a e in
di e en ime ames ha in oduce di e se equi emen s o he da a exchange and can be used
18
Table 3: Main ac o s o de ailed use cases deployed in HEILA p ojec .
Ac o ’s Name Ac o ’s
Type Ac o ’s Desc ip ion
In elligen Elec onic
De ice (IED) De ice A mic op ocesso -based con olle .
DER IED De ice
A gene ic de ice ha is esponsible o con ol and
moni o ing o DER.
Au oma ion Sys em
(AS)
IT
sys em
A gene ic au oma ion sys em o building o home
ha in ol es he con ol and au oma ion o ligh ing,
hea ing (such as sma he mos a s), en ila ion, ai
condi ioning (HVAC), and secu i y, as well as home
appliances such as washe /d ye s, o ens o e ige a-
o s/ eeze s.
Cus ome Ene gy
Managemen Sys em
(CEMS)
IT
sys em
A gene ic in o ma ion sys em (e.g. HEMS, BEMS,
e c.) o moni o ing and con ol o cus ome side
lexible esou ces (DERs and AS) ha manages hei
consump ion and gene a ion po olios.
Mic og id Manage-
men Sys em (MGMS)
IT
sys em
A sys em ha agg ega es and p ocesses echnical in-
o ma ion abou mic og id o di e en ime pe iods
o op imize scheduling o i s esou ces in o de o
gua an ee quali y o supply as well as o allow maxi-
mum pa icipa ion o mic og id esou ces in lexibili y
se ices.
Agg ega o Man-
agemen Sys em
(AMS)
IT
sys em
A sys em ha acqui es and p ocesses lexibili y in o -
ma ion o mic og ids and o he con ollable esou ces
on di e en ime-scales o p opose lexibili y se ices
on ma ke pla o ms and p o ide he managemen o
such se ices.
Dis ibu ion Manage-
men Sys em (DMS)
IT
sys em
A DMS ad anced by applica ions designed o use
esou ce lexibili y o suppo o he quali y o supply
o dis ibu ion ne wo k.
Flexibili y Ma ke Pla -
o m (FMP)
IT
sys em
A pla o m o ading o lexibili y se ices be ween
agg ega o s and g id ope a o s.
T ansmission Sys em
Ope a o Ene gy
Managemen Sys em
(EMS)
IT
sys em
A TSO EMS ad anced by applica ions designed o
moni o , con ol, and op imize he pe o mance o
he ansmission g id wi h low-cos ese es o mic o-
g ids.
Rese e Ma ke Pla -
o m (RMP)
IT
sys em
A pla o m o ading o equency con ainmen e-
se es on hou ly ma ke .
Se ice P o ide Pla -
o m (SPP)
IT
sys em
A sys em ha p o ides he se ices o wea he and
ma ke p ice o ecas s o managemen sys ems o
agg ega o and mic og id ope a o .
19

Figu e 3: O e iew o gene al and de ailed use cases.
o check he pe o mance o he pla o m du ing hei simul aneous ope a ion a la e s ages. The
de ails o he implemen a ion use cases a e p esen ed in Appendix III o he p esen epo .
2.6 SGAM use case a chi ec u e
The p elimina y a chi ec u e o sma g id use cases s udied in HEILA p ojec is b ie ly in-
oduced he e. Also an in oduc ion o di e en kind o a chi ec u es is gi en. A chi ec u es
may be de ined o many kind o sys ems. In HEILA p ojec , he ocus o a chi ec u e is in he
sys em o sys ems iewpoin . This means a desc ip ion o mul iple sys ems and s akeholde s
how hey in e ac and coope a e. Each sys em and s akeholde has in e nal a chi ec u es which
a e no discussed in de ail he e. One speci ic sys em o sys ems may appea o di e en ac o s
e y di e en ly and may appea cen alized and dis ibu ed a he same ime depending on he
obse e . E en i he in oduc ion o a chi ec u es p esen s clea ly he di e ences o cen alized,
decen alized and dis ibu ed a chi ec u es, he p ac ical a chi ec u es a e usually hyb id sys ems
whe e aspec s om all a chi ec u e ypes exis in pa allel. Many imes sys em o sys ems a e
hie a chical sys ems whe e i is impo an o unde s and how he coo dina ion o comple e sys em
is ealized which migh be done in design o ope a ional phase.
Figu e 4 isualizes di e en a chi ec u e ypes. A node ep esen s a decision making poin in
he a chi ec u e. A link is a connec ion (in o ma ion exchange) be ween wo decision making
poin s. Cen alized a chi ec u e b ings all in o ma ion o one poin whe e he decisions a e made.
Typical example o cen alized a chi ec u e is a No dpool ma ke place (cen alized sys em in
Figu e 5). Decen alized a chi ec u e decomposes he global moni o ing and con ol ask o
20
pa ial o /and local asks which a e only loosely connec ed o each o he (g een links in Figu e 4)
o migh miss he connec ion comple ely. An example o decen alized sys em is a combina ion
o se e al ma ke s ope a ed in sequence (Figu e 5). Dis ibu ed a chi ec u e is he mos di icul
o unde s and, because uly dis ibu ed a chi ec u es a e e y ew. All decision making nodes in
dis ibu ed a chi ec u e should be equal, no one should make decisions ins ead o hem. The idea
o decision making is based on au onomous decision making and communica ion / nego ia ion
wi h neighbo ing nodes. In ha way single decision making node may unde s and mo e abou
global asks in addi ion o local asks dedica ed o i . Bila e al ading in Figu e 5 is an example
o dis ibu ed a chi ec u e whe e di e en ma ke pa icipan s c ea e a meshed s uc u e wi hou
a cen al con olling uni .
Figu e 4: A chi ec u e ypes.
Figu e 5: Examples o a chi ec u e ypes om ma ke pe spec i e.
Figu e 6 ep esen s wo examples o dis ibu ion g id managemen . The cen alized a chi ec u e
is based on supe iso y con ol and da a acquisi ion (SCADA) sys em used o emo e eal- ime
moni o ing and con ol o p ima y subs a ions, ad anced me e ing in as uc u e (AMI) used o
low ol age ne wo k managemen , and SCADA o mic og ids whe e DSO ecei es eal- ime
in o ma ion. All hese a e in eg a ed oge he in one cen alized sys em which is ypically
21
implemen ed as an en e p ise applica ion in eg a ion (EAI) o en e p ise se ice bus (ESB)
solu ion. This is an IT in eg a ion iewpoin o he a chi ec u e.
The same sys em looks like decen alized a chi ec u e, i i is conside ed om he echnical
iewpoin o DSO. G id managemen sys em includes hie a chy (con ol cen e, subs a ions
and mic og ids) and some decisions a e made in decen alized way wi hou cen al decision.
Subs a ion au oma ion sys em me ging and u ilizing in o ma ion om IEDs is a ypical example
o decen alized sys em wo king in igh connec ion wi h a cen alized sys em. IEDs a subs a ion
o along medium ol age eede may also ope a e a he same ime in dis ibu ed a chi ec u e. An
example o dis ibu ed a chi ec u e in g id managemen is pee - o-pee GOOSE communica ion
o IEDs.
Ano he example o decen alized a chi ec u e is he equency con ol sys em applied in No dic
coun ies. P ima y equency con ol is ealized by he u bine con olle s o synch onous
machines which a e local con olle s (IEDs) u ilizing local equency measu emen o he
con ol decision. Seconda y equency con ol is implemen ed on na ional le el p o iding
manual adjus men s o p ima y con olle s i needed. F equency con ol does no ha e one
cen alized node whe e all decisions a e made bu mul iple nodes which ope a e in pa allel and
pa ly in sequence.
Many imes he a chi ec u es which a e said o be dis ibu ed a e ac ually mo e close o decen-
alized han dis ibu ed a chi ec u e. Typically dis ibu ed a chi ec u e includes a coo dina o o
a mas e which has mo e powe o make decisions compa ed o o he decision making nodes.
In ha case he a chi ec u e is a hyb id a chi ec u e o dis ibu ed and cen alized/decen alized
a chi ec u es. An example o such sys em is a mic og id managemen based on blockchain
echnology whe e exis s mul iple equal decision make s (e.g. IEDs o DERs) communica ing
pee - o-pee and a mic og id cen al con olle communica ing wi h Agg ega o , DSO, e c. and
making decisions ex e nal o mic og id.
Figu e 6: Examples o a chi ec u e ypes om ma ke pe spec i e.
22
The in o ma ion exchange a chi ec u e p oposed in HEILA is decen alized and aims o enable
e icien eal- ime da a exchange be ween all ene gy ma ke ac o s (including DER owne s).
The u u e ene gy sys em will include bo h dis ibu ed cus ome d i en enewable based pa s
and cen alized ma ke ac o d i en sys ems and is, he e o e, inhe en ly a decen alized sys em.
The concep o he p oposed decen alized in o ma ion exchange a chi ec u e in business use is
ep esen ed in Figu e 7. The basic ope a ional p inciple o he in o ma ion exchange pla o m is
ha all eal- ime communica ion happens di ec ly be ween he ac o s equi ed o communica e
wi h each o he and no h ough any cen alized poin . The need o build nume ous dedica ed
poin - o-poin communica ion links is being ackled by u ilizing a uni ied in e ace a he
connec ion poin o each ac o . All communica ion u ilizes he public in e ne and no dedica ed
communica ion channels a e buil .
Figu e 7: The concep o he decen alized in o ma ion exchange a chi ec u e.
23
s anda d ways o gene a e Sma API payload objec s using abs ac packe de ini ions, ha can
be se up in con igu a ion ile (payloads uc u e.yaml) using human- eadable o ma o da a
ep esen a ion. The s uc u es de ined in he con igu a ion ile a e used o o ma eques s om
clien o se e , gua an eeing ha he da a is p o ided in he way, ha is expec ed by he se e .
On he o he side o he communica ion he con igu a ion de ines a numbe o s anda d endpoin s,
ha can be popula ed wi h callbacks o se e -side unc ions. Such unc ions can se e as bo h
inpu and ou pu poin s o da a and signal s eams.
The code, p esen ed in Figu e 10 desc ibes s uc u e o Sma API objec s o bo h Reques
and Response, ela ed o he same ype o eques (in his case Bid- ype) unde S uc u e sub-
key. Nodes o he ee, loca ed unde his key a e ei he Sma API concep s such as En i y
o ValueObjec , hei possible a ibu es like Type, uni o m esou ce iden i ie (URI), Name,
Uni and Quan i y o Special concep s o HEILA like Que yI e a o , ha assis cons uc ion o
payload. In he case o Que yI e a o - he pu pose o his concep is o c ea e lis s o managed
en i ies in he esponse using single en i y empla e and a da abase que y ha e u ns a lis o
ows in compa ison o a single ow, ha is expec ed o he wise. In addi ion o ha Que ies key
de ines ela ion o he Response o da abase que y. In his case he que y is de ined unde he
name o Que yRedis, ha uses da abase named FakeRedis (as de ined in da abase.yml) and i will
execu e a call o ge RedisBid membe unc ion o he class, ha manages FakeRedis da abase
(also de ined in da abase.yml). The unc ion is usually expec ed o e u n a ow o a lis o ow
o da abase eco ds ha esul om que y o da abase. The da a, ob ained om que y is he
subs i u ed o he esponse s uc u e using nume ical mapping wi h ValueDbIndex pa ame e s o
ValueObjec s. Finally o he se e side he s uc u e de ines a callback unc ion ag, ha will be
used o signal se e class abou new eques and, which is supposed o p ocess he eques and
w i e necessa y upda es o he da abase be o e hey could be used in c ea ion o esponse.
Figu e 11 p esen s a sample call o HEILA clien , ha will execu e Bid eques o TSO ac o .
He e, callback de ines he unc ion, ha will handle esponse o se e , payload_ ype de ines
he ype o eques o be used (should ma ch he oo key in payloads uc u e.yml). Finally, he
es o pa ame e s, ha a e passed o he un call a e con e ed in o a dic iona y, ha is used
in pa ame iza ion o he eques s uc u e. In Figu e 10 he lis o equi ed pa ame iza ion
pa ame e s is p o ided unde A gumen s key.
3.2.3 Me ada a egis e
A gene ic model o decen alized machine- o-machine en i onmen implies g id decomposi ion
whe e each IoT sys em is conside ed as a pa o a la ge ecosys em o in e connec ions a he
han jus a single solu ion. In o de o wo k in his a chi ec u e, au onomous sys ems equi e
me ada a egis y ha ac s as a "phone book" and sha es he in o ma ion abou he ypes o
30

Figu e 10: Example o payload s uc u e o Bid- ype eques .
31
Figu e 11: Example o Bid- ype eques pe o med by ese e ma ke place (RMP) ac o .
da a, se ices, and con ol capabili ies he o he sys ems possess as well as equi emen s o
hei access. The me ada a egis y deploys unc ionali ies o seman ic web o disco e he
i ual ep esen a ions o he de ices based on he seman ic meaning o hese ep esen a ions and
hei in e connec ions. The same idea is ealized in HEILA me ada a egis y o au onomous
in e ac ions be ween he HEILA managemen sys ems. In he case o HEILA ac o s, hese
ep esen a ions include exposi ion o hei capabili ies, p ope ies, and ypes ha a e ans o med
o he machine- eadable knowledge abou hem. Consequen ly, he egis y p o ides i al
seman ic me ada a o enable au oma ed disco e y o HEILA sys ems wi h equi ed pa ame e s
o co esponding ene gy se ices.
The e a e wo gene al ypes o egis y se ices, which can be desc ibed as "whi e" and "yellow"
pages. The o me ones assume ha he ac o disco e y is based on he seman ic ype o he
ac o s, while he he la e ones ely on se ice-o ien ed disco e y. HEILA me ada a egis y
adop s he ac o -based sea ch o enable sys em in e ac ions o di e en se ices. E e y sys-
em in he pla o m ollows sequen ial ac ions ha could be pu posely di ided in o "Regis e ",
"Sea ch", and "Access". Du ing he "Regis e " pa , HEILA sys ems aim o become isible in
he en i onmen by sending a egis a ion eques o he egis y wi h own me ada a in o ma-
ion. The basic me ada a con ained in such eques s include namespaces, ac o ype, in e ace
in o ma ion, and i s public key (PK). Howe e o some sys ems as mic og id managemen
sys ems (MGMSes), i also consis s o se ices hey p o ide, ype o he esou ce hey manage,
and maximum powe a ailable o he se ices. The example o egis a ion eques o MGMS
wi h "MGMSRegis a ion" en i y is p esen ed in Figu e 12. The me ada a in he eques is
seman ically desc ibed wi h esou ce desc ip ion amewo k (RDF) da a model p edomina ely
wi h Sma API on ology which was in e nally en iched o he pla o m es ing pu poses by
new en i ies. These en i ies a e mos ly ela ed o he an icipa ed o ganiza ion and e minology o
decen alized sma g id a chi ec u e. RDF is encoded in Tu le o ma bu can be also con e ed
o Ja aSc ip objec no a ion o linked da a (JSON-LD) o RDF/ex ensible ma kup language
(XML). The adop ed me ada a o sys em desc ip ion is no an exhaus i e bu a he minimum
equi ed o he in e ac ions in HEILA pla o m en i onmen .
32
Figu e 12: MGMS egis a ion eques .
A he sea ching s age, he me ada a se es as he basis o il e ing he sys ems wi h speci ic
ypes. The sea ch is buil by sending a eques illed wi h equi ed pa ame e s, and, in he case
o "AMSSea ch" eques p esen ed in Figu e 13, his equi ed pa ame e is only he ype o
he sys em. The expec ed esponse will e u n he s o ed da a o he co esponding sys ems
egis e ed a he momen o he eques . An example o such esponse is illus a ed in Figu e 14.
Finally, ha ing ecei ed he egis y esponse, he eques e can le e age he da a and que y he
o he sys ems implemen ing he "Access" pa .
33
Figu e 13: agg ega o managemen sys em (AMS) sea ch eques .
Figu e 14: AMS sea ch esponse.
3.3 Ac o modelling
Since he main objec i es o he i s e sion o he HEILA pla o m we e mos ly ela ed o he
da a exchange, in e nal ope a ion and unc ionali y o he di e en ac o s we e no he main
ocus, and de elopmen ega ding hese can be con inued in ollowing p ojec s. Meanwhile, he
ac o s in he p esen e sion o he pla o m we e modeled using s a e-machine based app oach
wi h only baseline unc ionali y. The s a e-machine simula ed sequen ial logic o he ac o s
34
as con inuous ansi ion be ween he ac o s a es. The ac o s inco po a e some a ibu es o
eac i i y, p oac i eness, and social abili ies. Mos o he s a e ansi ions a e p o oked by
ac o eac ions o changes ha occu in he pla o m. The examples o hese changes can be
a ime condi ion o ecei ed eques o he o he ac o . Also, pu suing hei design objec i es,
some ac o s p oac i ely ini ia e some o he in e ac ions using hei social abili ies. Howe e , in
he condi ions o es ic ed in elligence, he p oac i eness o hese in e ac ions is ini ia ed in a
ule-based ashion.
The HEILA ac o s co esponding o he implemen a ion use case ac o s we e implemen ed
le e aging Ac o Base and Slo Base classes. The Ac o Base class implemen s gene ic me hods
o he ac o s while he Slo Base class is in cha ge o he ac o ac ions o a speci ic ime
slo . The gene ic me hods o he Ac o Base include handling egis e , sea ch, and access
ou ines as well as pe o ming h ead and ime-based ou ines o gi en slo s and upda ing ac i e
slo handling objec s wi h espec o he cu en ime. The Slo Base class inco po a es basic
equi emen s o ime slo and p ocesses s a e ansi ion on ime ick. The s a e ansi ion ac ions
a e p ede e mined by he design objec i es o he ac o s in pa icula implemen a ion use case
and pe o med by Slo Handle class o each ac o . An example o he slo sequen ial logic
o he AMS Slo Handle in FCR implemen a ion use case in p esen ed in Figu e 15 and is
explained in wha ollows. When he AMS Slo Handle is ini ialized by AMS ac o class o a
hou ly ime slo , i equi es he o ecas o Fing id FCR p ice o i s hou om AMS o change
i s s a e. In he Hou ly Ma ke P ices Ob ained s a e, he AMS Slo Handle can be up o 5:30
hou s be o e he e e enced bidding ime o he RMP ac o . I he ime condi ion is passed, he
AMS Slo Handle s a s que ying MGMSes ound by AMS du ing he egis a ion phase o
lexibili y en i ies. The ansi ion o he nex s a e is pe o med i all o he lexibili y en i ies
a e ob ained o he ime be o e he bidding is less han 3:00 hou s. Ha ing p oceeded o he
nex s a e, he AMS Slo Handle p epa es he o e o submi o he RMP ac o . I he o e
is calcula ed, he AMS Slo Handle goes o a s a e numbe 6 and is wai ing o he eques
om he RMP ac o . Ha ing ecei ed he eques and pos ed he o e , he AMS Slo Handle
p og esses o an O e Pos ed s a e. Subsc ibing o he ese e no i ica ion in his s a e, he AMS
Slo Handle achie es he equi emen o a ansi ion o he nex s a e whe e i is wai ing o
he ese e no i ica ion o be published by he RMP ac o . Ha ing ecei ed he no i ica ion, he
AMS Slo Handle o wa ds i o he MGMSes ha sha ed lexibili y en i ies and is consecu i ely
mo ed o a s a e numbe 10. In his s a e, he AMS Slo Handle is in idle s a e un il he ime
a e he end o he ese ed ime slo is exceeding 30 minu es. Then, he AMS Slo Handle
subsc ibes o a e i ica ion no i ica ion om he MGMSes ha we e ese ed o FCR se ice
ansi ioning o a s a e numbe 12. I all o he equi ed e i ica ion no i ica ions a e ecei ed by
he AMS Slo Handle , i eaches he end o i s sequen ial logic.
35

Figu e 15: An example o AMS Slo Handle s a e ansi ion.
3.4 Cybe secu i y
Cybe secu i y is one o he key aspec s ha needs o be p ope ly add essed when no el concep s
a e applied in eal-li e sys ems. The main issues add essed in his implemen a ion o sys em a e
access con ol, da a au hen ici y and da a malleabili y.
The access con ol is ensu ed by mul iple laye s o enc yp ion o he communica ion. A he
ou e le el he da a is enc yp ed wi h TLS de ined o HTTPS and MQTT p o ocols, ha a e
used as anspo s. Inside he payload he segmen s o da a, ha communica e use ul in o ma ion
a e enc yp ed using hyb id enc yp ion whe e he payload is enc yp ed by symme ic unique
ad anced enc yp ion s anda d (AES) key and he key i sel is enc yp ed asymme ically wi h
Ri es –Shami –Adleman algo i hm (RSA) PK o he pa y o which he message is in ended.
Such enc yp ion also pa ially add esses he issue o au hen ici y as any esponse can only be
dec yp ed by he holde o he co esponding p i a e key. The exchange o in o ma ion abou
PKs happens h ough eques s o Regis y ac o o which he PK is p esha ed o all pa icipan s.
This app oach minimizes he isk o man-in- he-middle ype o a acks and he only majo
weak poin is po en ial leak o Regis y PK. This, howe e can be add essed by use o mul iple
Regis ies wi h independen public-p i a e keys. Finally, da a malleabili y is also add essed by
used enc yp ion algo i hms.
The payload enc yp ion is implemen ed wi h asymme ic key enc yp ion scheme and desc ibed in
Figu e 16 based on he in e ac ions o Regis y and he o he Ac o s. A he ini ial s ep illus a ed
in Figu e 16 by 1 whe e e e y Ac o has ecei ed p esha ed Regis y PK in addi ion o i s own
asymme ic key pai . Then, when Ac o is sending he egis e eques , i enc yp s he egis a ion
payload wi h he Regis y PK. Ha ing ecei ed Ac o egis e eques , egis y dec yp s i wi h
own p i a e key, i he egis a ion is success ul, i e u ns he egis a ion acknowledgemen
enc yp ed wi h Ac o PK. Mo eo e , in o de o communica e wi h o he Ac o s, each o he
36
Ac o s eques s o he Ac o sea ch om Regis y. As a esponse o such eques , he egis y
sends o he Ac o he ound Ac o s’ me ada a and a ached o hem keys pai s ha a e u he
used by he Ac o o in e ac wi h il e ed ac o s. Fo ins ance, i Ac o A ecei es eques om
Ac o B i canno dec yp he eques payload un il i e ches he Regis y o co esponding
Ac o key. Thus, his mechanism o en i onmen in e ac ions ia he egis y ex ends he ole o
he egis y as a us au ho i y by p o ision o enc yp ion key managemen .
Figu e 16: Regis y enc yp ion key managemen : 1- P esha ed Regis y PK; 2 - Regis a ion
eques wi h ac o ’s own PK; 3 - Que y PK o o he ac o s; 4 - Asymme ically enc yp ed
communica ion.
Fu he imp o emen s o he cybe secu i y ha a e ye o be implemen ed and which will con inue
o educe secu i y isks a e: use o session and message-speci ic numbe s used once (nonces)
which will educe possibili y o eplay a acks and gene a ion o digi al signa u es o payloads
o imp o e da a au hen ici y.
3.5 Da awa ehouse
The da a wa ehouse is essen ial pa o he HEILA demons a ions pla o m as i se es de elop-
men o he pla o m bu also showcasing o he esul s. Du ing HEILA p ojec demons a ions,
all es esul s a e collec ed wi h logs o cen alized Kibana da a wa ehouse. This way i is easy
o ollow how ac o s in di e en si es a e ope a ing h oughou he es s, ge a good gene al iew
o whole sys em and ga he speci ic es esul s. I should be, howe e , no ed ha in business
use o he da a exchange pla o m, all da a does no need o be ga he ed o a cen alized place.
The da a wa ehouse implemen a ion is based on so wa e s ack called Elas icsea ch, Logs ash,
and Kibana (ELK) s ack [
20
] p o iding ea u es om log da a inges ion o e sa ile que ying and
isualisa ion o he log da a. The Logs ash p o ides an open sou ce se es side da a p ocessing
pipeline ha inges da a om a ying da a sou ces and o wa d ans o med da a o Elas icsea ch
[
21
]. Elas icsea ch p o ides sea ch in e ace o u ilize mul i enan -capable ull- ex sea ch engine
wi h an HTTP web in e ace and schema- ee Ja aSc ip objec no a ion (JSON) documen s.
37
Finally, opmos so wa e Kibana [
22
] se es as a use in e ace o enable easy isualisa ion o
he log da a.
In p ac ice, ELK s ack implemen a ion in HEILA en i onmen o e s cen alised logging se ice
ha enables easy logging and log managemen . HEILA en i onmen o e s Py hon module o
emo ely inges logs o ELK s ack implemen a ion om each demo si e. Log messages include
a ie y o me ada a in addi ion o imes amp o enable e ec i e analysis based on he log e ens.
Figu e 17 illus a es simple example iew o he Kibana dashboa d. In he igu e numbe o
success ul e i ica ion no i ica ion is p esen ed as a lis bu also as a use - iendly g aph.
Figu e 17: Example illus a ion o he Kibana dashboa d.
38
4 Demons a ions
Two use cases ha e been selec ed o be demons a ed in HEILA p ojec as al eady desc ibed in
sec ion 2. The selec ed use cases a e DSO lexibili y and FCR. Moni o ing use case is a pa o
bo h he selec ed demons a ion/implemen a ion use cases. The selec ion c i e ia was such ha
he demons a ion use cases should ep esen si ua ions whe e unc ionali ies p o ided by such
da a exchange in as uc u e as he HEILA pla o m would be needed in eal business cases. The
selec ed use cases equi e moni o ing and con ol o DERs a a ious loca ions. Also, mic og ids
and hei e ec on sys em ope a ion is a opical esea ch ques ion.
The aim o he demons a ions is o implemen and es he ope a ion o he HEILA pla o m and
i s applicabili y o he selec ed use cases. The HEILA pla o m has wo main pu poses o use:
•
P o iding a es ing pla o m o es cases ha canno be implemen ed in one labo a o y o
pilo si e. The es ing pla o m can be used o esea ch and de elopmen pu poses and
enables sys em-le el es ing ha has no been possible be o e HEILA. I can be u ilized by
he p ojec esea ch pa ne s bu also by companies in u he p ojec s a e HEILA.
•
P o iding a i s p o o ype o he da a exchange in as uc u e ha can be used in he u u e
sma g id o connec also small-scale esou ces as a pa o sys em ope a ion.
Demons a ions e i y he co ec ope a ion o he pla o m, gi e in o ma ion on i s cha ac e is ics
(e.g. ans e imes) and e eal u he de elopmen needs. The demons a ions p o ide also
new in o ma ion on how he selec ed use cases could be implemen ed. The implemen a ion does
no , howe e , cons ain all he de ails bu he HEILA pla o m enables also di e en ypes o
message s uc u es, use case sequences e c.
This sec ion desc ibes he demons a ion se -up, ini ial Sma API es ing and he h ee use case
demons a ion es ing s eps. A i s , communica ion es ing was conduc ed. A his s age, all
messages we e exchanged acco ding o he use case sequence diag ams using Sma API and
physical esou ces we e simula ed i.e. no eal esou ces we e included in es ing. The second
s age is open-loop es ing whe e physical esou ces a e included as a pa o he es case and
change hei ou pu s based on ei he he equency measu emen (FCR use case) o on DSO
con ol signal (DSO lexibili y use case). Howe e , measu emen s om he esou ces a e no
ed back o he ne wo k model and hence he loop is no closed. In closed-loop es ing, he e
would be a i ual elec ical connec ion be ween labo a o ies and he measu emen s om he
eal physical esou ces would be u ilized in he eal- ime ne wo k simula ion. In HEILA p ojec ,
ini ial s eps owa ds closed-loop es ing we e aken bu he comple e implemen a ion will be le
as u u e wo k.
39
Figu e 23: Communica ion es se -up o FCR use case.
agg ega o no i ies MGMSes abou ese ed p oduc s, which in u n modi y ope a ion plan o
esou ces hey a e managing o accep ed hou s. A midnigh , i s ope a ing hou s a s and
di e en si es pe o m au onomous FCR-N con ol. A e ope a ing hou s, di e en si es deli e
p oduc e i ica ion in o ma ion o agg ega o ha ga he s hem o la e use.
In communica ion es s, logs a e ga he ed in se e al s eps o each o messaging p o ocols. This
allows in es iga ion o di e en pa s o messaging sequence in case o bo h p o ocols. Figu es
24 and 25 p esen communica ion es esul s o HTTP and MQTT p o ocols o e 6 es cycles
and 18 hou pe iod.
As p esen ed in Figu e 24 HTTP communica ion es esul s a e p esen ed om si ua ion whe e
HTTP clien (Ac o B) sends POST eques o Flask (Ac o A) up o a poin whe e HTTP clien
(Ac o B) comple es eques ing ac i i ies. To al ime o he whole messaging sequence a ies
om abou 1,5 o 148,5 seconds. Time o he whole message sequence is abou 78,6 s when
looking a poin s whe e pe cen age i s ime de ia es om 100% le el. Highes alues 89,1
and 25,1 seconds a e a message sequence pa s 2 and 6, espec i ely. I should be no ed ha in
pa 2 imes a e a ec ed by ac ha cu en ly Sma API calls a e synch onized. Mo eo e , in
46

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) ( )
Figu e 24: HTTP communica ion es ing esul s
pa 6 imes a e a ec ed by e ying eques s in cases whe e espond is no some hing wha was
expec ed, o example i espond was emp y. When looking a imes o pa s 5 and 6 whe e a
espond is ans e ed om Ac o A o Ac o B imes a y be ween abou 0,15 and 25,4 seconds
and ha includes possible e ies.
As can be seen om Figu e 25, communica ion es esul s o MQTT a e p esen ed in simila
way ha o HTTP. To al ime o he whole messaging sequence a ies om abou 11,3 o 1 hou
5 minu es and 43 seconds. Highes alues 3548,1 and 158,5 seconds a e a message sequence
pa s 4 and 2, espec i ely. I should be no ed ha in pa 4 imes a e a ec ed by ac ha i Ac o
B sends a eques o Ac o A, hen Ac o A can wi hhold espond un il eques ed in o ma ion is
eady. So, in case o FCR use case, AMS can send Ve i ica ion No i ica ion eques o MGMS
well be o e ope a ing hou s a s and MGMS can espond jus a e ope a ion hou is o e and all
47
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
(e) ( )
Figu e 25: MQTT communica ion es ing esul s
equi ed measu emen in o ma ion is a ailable. Fu he mo e, in pa 2 imes a e a ec ed by he
ac ha cu en ly Sma API calls a e synch onized. When looking a imes o pa 6 whe e a
espond is ans e ed om Ac o A o Ac o B imes a y be ween abou 2,5 milliseconds and
100 seconds. Now AMS and MGMS a Kajaani da ahub loca e on same compu e as MQTT
b oke , which can lead o e y small ans e imes and again, synch oniza ion o Sma API
calls a ec maximum imes on pa 6.
4.3.2 DSO lexibili y use case
In he ini ial plan, DSO Flexibili y es cycle ope a es 3 hou s in eal ime. DSO Flexibili y es
sequence (use case) s a s by deli e ing lexibili y in o ma ion om di e en si es o agg ega o
in 10 minu es. In nex 10 minu es agg ega o o ms o e s, lexibili y ma ke pla o m (FMP)
eques s hem and deli e s o e ings in o ma ion o DSO. Nex , be ween 20 and 30 minu es om
48
s a o he cycle, DSO sends bids o sui able o e s o FMP, which in u n no i ies agg ega o
and DSO abou ese ed p oduc s. Then, agg ega o no i ies MGMSes abou ese ed p oduc s,
which again modi y hei ope a ion plan o accep ed hou s. A e one hou om he beginning o
he es cycle, ope a ing hou s a s and agg ega o wai s ha DSO no i ies i o ac i a e ese ed
p oduc s. I agg ega o ecei es ac i a ion no i ica ion, i con eys message o di e en si es,
which will ope a e hei equipmen acco dingly. A e ope a ing hou , di e en si es deli e
p oduc e i ica ion in o ma ion o agg ega o ha ga he s hem o la e use. The DSO lexibili y
use case was es ed pa ially. In o ma ion exchange be ween labo a o ies u ilizing Sma API
was no been able o inalize. Howe e , DSO’s in e nal in o ma ion exchange was comple ed.
Figu e 26 ep esen s he implemen a ion o DSO and FMP pa s o DSO lexibili y use case.
The e a e h ee compu e s in TAU lab: subs a ion au oma ion uni (SAU), FMP and OpenDSS as
shown below. The OpenDSS engine is used o simula ing elec ic powe dis ibu ion ne wo k
con aining subs a ions, medium ol age eede s and powe sou ces, i.e. i ep esen s he eal
physical powe sys em o he es ing en i onmen . The OpenDSS compu e is also capable
o exchanging da a wi h SAU ia HTTP se e (Apache HTTP se e ). HTTP clien a SAU
compu e sends a HTTP message wi h XML payload o HTTP se e a OpenDSS compu e
o eques he s a us o dis ibu ion ne wo k. The same message may include also in o ma ion
i some con ol a iables ( eac i e powe se poin o gene a o , on-load ap change se poin o
ac i e powe cu ailmen o gene a o in his case) is eques ed o change in simula ion model. In
eali y his eques would gene a e mul iple messages, because some o hem low o dis ibu ion
au oma ion and o he s low o agg ega o s p o iding lexibili y o a DSO. HTTP se e se new
se poin s o he simula ion model o OpenDSS Engine and will ecei e simula ion esul s as a
esponse. HTTP se e sends u he he eques ed measu emen s da a ( ol age, ac i e powe ,
eac i e powe , e c.) o HTTP clien a SAU compu e .
SAU compu e includes he in elligen pa o DSO decision making. Pos g eSQL da abase is
u ilized as an in eg a ion and s o age elemen be ween di e en in e aces and in e nal unc ion-
ali ies. In he da abase, one able is c ea ed o measu emen and se poin s da a. E e y ime
HTTP clien eads se e da a, i inse s da a o he able in da abase. The HTTP se e also
p o ides imes amp o he da a, which is also inse ed o he measu emen and se poin s able.
So, di e en in e aces and unc ionali ies may ead he mos ecen da a alues om he able
by sending he espec i e s uc u ed que y language (SQL) que ies o he da abase. HTTP clien
eques ing da a om OpenDSS eads new se poin s om he da abase and i w i es he ecei ed
measu emen alues o he da abase. In simila way he in e nal unc ionali y (op imal powe
low (OPF) unc ionali y) ead and w i e alues om/ o da abase. OPF sol es an op imal solu ion
pe iodically. In his use case he op imal solu ion includes minimiza ion o g id losses and
cu ailed gene a ion while ne wo k conges ion (o e cu en , o e ol age and unde ol age) needs
49
o be a oided. The OPF solu ion is ealized by inse ing upda ed se poin s o da abase which
HTTP clien will ead and send o co esponding con olle s (con olle s in OpenDSS simula ion
model in his case). In o ma ion exchange wi h ex e nal in e ace implemen ed by Sma API is
also ealized wi h SQL ead and w i e. Sma API in e ace exchange in o ma ion wi h FMP,
which u he exchange in o ma ion wi h o he ma ke pa icipan s o he use case. F om SAU
compu e pe spec i e, i does no see he di e ence be ween simula ed en i onmen (simula ed
dis ibu ion g id in OpenDSS and simula ed ma ke in FMP) o eal sys em and he e o e he
es ing o SAU’s unc ionali ies is easible in he in eg a ed labo a o y en i onmen .
The conclusions o DSO lexibili y communica ion es ing a e such ha all in e aces wo k
co ec ly, in o ma ion exchange u ilizing SQL da abase and HTTP clien /se e is app op ia e o
he use case, and coo dina ion and synch oniza ion o e en s may be ealized wi h SQL da abase
and communica ion delays. Simula ion o e en s and esponses which a e slow enough is easible,
i a leas one OpenDSS simula ion solu ion (p e e ably mo e) is a ailable o he nex ound o
unc ional sequence o use case. A i icial in o ma ion exchange delays may be added when hose
a e c i ical/in e es ing o he pe o mance o he unc ionali y. Abs ac ion o DSO unc ionali y,
simula ion ool, FMP, mic og id unc ionali y, e c. enables easy modi ica ion o each o hem
(loosely coupled subsys ems) and opens possibili y o mul iple kind o combina ions in es ing.
Figu e 26: In o ma ion exchange be ween SAU and OpenDSS.
4.4 Open-loop es ing
Open-loop es ing has been implemen ed on he basis o he s uc u e, desc ibed in he p e ious
chap e (communica ion es ing). The majo di e ence is ha , ins ead o simula ed DER, he
50
eal ha dwa e has been connec ed o he sys em o be con olled by HEILA MGMS ac o s.
On LUT side ha connec ion has been es ablished h ough an in e media e IEC104 Mas e
so wa e, ha p o ided HTTP API wi h he abili y o p o ide con olled de ice wi h a ask o
indi idual 6-minu e long in e als. Each ask can be ei he : "Idle", "Cha ge", "Discha ge" o
"Manual". Du ing he idle ask he ba e y main ains 0 Ac i e Powe e e ence, while du ing
cha ge and discha ge he ac i e powe is cons an 10 kW cha ging o discha ging espec i ely.
Finally, du ing manual ask he con olling sys em p o ided a p ese ac i e powe cu e wi h 1s
esolu ion ha de ined he ac i e powe esponse o he sys em wi h 1 kW g anula i y o each
second o he upcoming 6-minu e in e al.
On VTT side he ha dwa e connec ion has been es ablished h ough an in e media e Modbus
connec ion wi h he abili y o p o ide con ol signals (ope a ion mode) o ABB COM600 g id
au oma ion con olle , which con ols IEDs in he Mul iPowe labo a o y. Ope a ion modes in
FCR use case can be “No mal” o “FCR”. In ope a ion mode “FCR” he COM600 moni o s g id
equency and disconnec s/connec s load wi h h eshold alue o 49,95 Hz. Due o es ic ions
on a ailable de ices in he Mul iPowe lab, he load is disconnec ed/connec ed as whole ins ead
o s ep-wise ope a ion ha would ollow cu en ules on FCR ma ke . In addi ion, g id emula o
eeds he low ol age ne wo k inside he Mul iPowe labo a o y and con ols equency acco ding
o Figu e 28.
On TAU side DSO g id is simula ed in RTDS o OpenDSS. G id simula ion combines all
labo a o ies oge he elec ically al hough hey a e physically loca ed in di e en places wi hou
di ec elec ical connec ion. Mic og ids in LUT and VTT in addi ion o o he g id componen s
a e modelled in RTDS o OpenDSS, bu he s a us and con ol o hem is ealized based on
decisions made in HEILA pla o m. In open-loop es ing he con ol loop is no comple ely
closed. Fo example, when DSO makes an ac i a ion eques o mic og ids in DSO lexibili y
use case, he co esponding ac i a ion message is deli e ed o mic og ids and o wa ded di ec ly
o simula o . In closed-loop es ing, he elec ical pa ame e s o mic og ids in RTDS/OpenDSS
simula ion would be changed based on ac ual measu emen s. Open-loop es ing assumes ha
ac i a ion happens as eques ed wi hin speci ied ime (a communica ion delay may be added).
The bene i o open-loop es ing is o a oid/minimize delays and synch oniza ion p oblems o
i ual simula ion en i onmen , which does no exis in eal-li e. Open-loop es ing may be
u ilized o use case unc ional es ing o e i y co ec ope a ion o use case implemen a ions.
De ailed es ing o echnical pe o mance would equi e closed-loop es ing en i onmen .
Ano he essen ial pa o TAU’s labo a o y is he Subs a ion Au oma ion Uni shown in Figu e 27.
Subs a ion au oma ion uni is an ad anced dis ibu ion au oma ion solu ion based on hie a chical
and decen alized decision making. I is capable o e.g. au onomous conges ion managemen in
51

dis ibu ion g id a e y local a ea (e.g. in low ol age ne wo k) i needed. DSO unc ionali ies
a e implemen ed in Subs a ion Au oma ion Uni ha con ains Pos g eSQL da abase o s o ing
moni o ing and o ecas da a equi ed o local decision making (p edic ing conges ion, eques -
ing lexibili y se ices, u ilizing DSO’s own o con ac ed esou ces, and ac i a ing lexibili y
se ices). Da abase will deli e bids and ac i a ions o Sma API o in o ma ion exchange
be ween TAU, VTT and LUT labo a o ies. Ac i a ion messages a e also o wa ded ia Socke o
manu ac u ing message speci ica ion (MMS) clien o RTDS simula ion.
FMP emula es he ma ke place u ilized o conges ion managemen including de ailed loca-
ion in o ma ion abou lexibili y esou ces. The in o ma ion exchange be ween Subs a ion
Au oma ion Uni , FMP and o he ac o s is ealized ia in o ma ion exchange pla o m (HEILA
Sma API). F om DSO’s pe spec i e DERs and mic og ids a e con olled indi ec ly ia ma ke .
Modi ied e sion o conges ion managemen concep p esen ed in e e ence [
25
] will be u ilized
in he demons a ion.
Figu e 27: TAU sma g id lab.
4.4.1 FCR use case
Tes objec i es.
The objec i e o FCR open-loop es ing is o es he whole use case and
e i y ha he physical esou ces ope a e as expec ed i.e. powe changes acco ding o he
componen cha ac e is ics when equency changes.
Tes desc ip ion.
In his use case he ha dwa e esou ces we e conside ed p ocu ed by TSO
o FCR. The equency signal, ha was used as e e ence has been p ede ined om his o ical
da a on he basis o ha ing signi ican de ia ions om he nominal g id equency (Olkiluo o
52
e en om June 2018). 6 hou s o equency da a has been selec ed and p e-sha ed be ween
labo a o ies. The 3-second a e age cu e o equency, used in es ing is p esen ed in Figu e 27.
Figu e 28: The equency sequence used in FCR open-loop es s.
The Mul iPowe and G eenCampus labo a o ies ep esen ed mic og ids in he es se -up and one
con ollable esou ce was u ilized om bo h labo a o ies. A G eenCampus, BESS was selec ed
and a Mul iPowe a con ollable load was used. The BESS a LUT was ope a ed acco ding o a
d oop cu e. Due o some es ic ions in Mul iPowe equipmen du ing he es ing pe iod he load
was con olled in a way ha di e s om he cu en FCR ules. The MGMS in he Mul iPowe
connec ed/disconnec ed a single load wi h ce ain h eshold alue. The es sequences we e
accele a ed wi h espec o eal li e scena io o dec ease he amoun o ime needed o es ing.
Tes ou comes.
Bo h communica ion and open-loop es s we e success ully conduc ed and
e i ied ha he da a exchange pla o m concep and implemen a ion ope a e as expec ed and ha
i was possible o include eal ha dwa e in he es ing. Some de iciencies in he es se -up we e
de ec ed and will be deal wi h in u u e wo k. Some open-loop es esul s om Mul iPowe a e
ep esen ed in Figu e 29 and om G eenCampus in Figu e 30.
In Mul iPowe , he equency seen by he con ollable load was p oduced by a g id emula o o
which he equency sequence was ed h ough a Modbus in e ace. The e we e some issues wi h
his in e ace and, he e o e, he equency in he lab did no ollow he sequence exac ly. Luckily,
in cases whe e he equency goes below he h eshold alue he g id emula o was ope a ing
co ec ly. Fu he mo e, he igu e illus a es clea ly ha load is disconnec ed i equency is
below he h eshold alue.
In G eenCampus, he MGMS calcula ed a powe se poin o he ba e y based on he equency
sequence. The BESS ou pu measu emen s indica e ha in gene al he ba e y was able o ack
53
Figu e 29: Open-loop es ing esul s om Mul iPowe . Powe measu emen o he con ollable
load (yellow), equency h eshold o disconnec /connec he load ( ed), p ede ined equency
sequence (blue) and he equency seen by he load (o ange).
Figu e 30: Open-loop es ing esul s om G eenCampus. Deli e ed ac i e powe measu emen s
on ou pu o BESS. Ve ical axis is in kW.
he p o ided e e ence signal. This e i ies ha he communica ion o egis a ion, ma ke and
con ol commands occu ed in a imely manne despi e he es sequence being accele a ed
wi h espec o eal li e scena io, whe e i would be ope a ed in a eal ime. Howe e , no able
o e shoo s a e p esen in he esponse signal o BESS. The po en ial causes o such beha io
a e impe ec ions in he measu emen o ac i e powe o cable e lec ions, caused by sha p ac i e
powe change on s. De ailed analysis is o be conduc ed in o de o es ablish he oo cause
which, howe e , does no di ec ly ela e o he subjec o his esea ch.
54
4.4.2 DSO lexibili y use case
Tes objec i es.
The objec i e o DSO lexibili y open-loop es ing is o es pa ial use case
(DSO’s in e nal ope a ional pa ) and e i y he unc ional pe o mance o OPF unc ionali y in
dis ibu ion g id conges ion si ua ion.
Tes desc ip ion.
Pa ial open-loop es ing (DSO in e nal ope a ional phase) includes he
simila implemen a ion han u ilized in communica ion es ing o DSO lexibili y use case in
subchap e 4.3.2. Tes s do no include physical esou ces and ini ial pa o he use case is also
excluded. I is expec ed ha ma ke ading and closing has al eady happen, and he e o e DSO
know wha lexibili y esou ces, whe e and a wha p ice has a ailable o he ope a ional phase.
Dis ibu ion g id and i ’s esponse o con ol decisions is simula ed in OpenDSS. Flexibili y
ac i a ion messages will be send o DERs and OpenDSS in he open-loop es ing, o he wise he
impac o lexibili y ac i a ion would no be seen. In his es i is assumed ha bo h lexibili y
o e s om LUT and VTT mic og ids would be needed based on DSO’s p edicions, and he e o e
he bo h bids would be accep ed. I is u he assumed ha pa ial ac i a ion o bids (spli ing o
bids) is possible and accep able o DERs and agg ega o s. Also o e ed bid olumes a e enough
o sol e he p edic ed conges ion oge he wi h DSO’s own o con ac ed measu es (on-load
ap change and eac i e powe con ol o gene a o ). P oduc ion uni has non- i m connec ion
con ac wi h DSO, and he e o e p oduc ion cu ailmen is also possible measu e o conges ion
condi ion. The cos o ha is e y high o he DSO, which makes i he leas p e e able op ion
o conges ion managemen .
Simula ed g id is p esen ed in Figu e 31, which shows also a po en ial conges ion condi ion in
he g id (o e ol age in node 5 in he example). G een a ows in he igu e ep esen he ac i e
powe low and blue a ows a e he eac i e powe low. Nega i e sign o eac i e powe o
he gene a o means ha gene a o is unde exci ed (consumes eac i e powe om he g id).
The model includes ep esen a ion o supplying g id (nodes 1 and 2), p ima y ans o me and
i ’s on-load ap change (be ween nodes 2 and 3) and wo medium ol age eede s. The i s
eede has a gene a o in he end o he eede and wo loads. Mic og ids a LUT and VTT a e
associa ed o hose load poin s. The second eede has one load poin . In his case he conges ion
may appea as o e ol age in he i s eede due o gene a o eed-in, o as unde ol age on
second eede due o demand. Because o e - and unde ol age p oblems may happen a he same
ime, he op imal solu ion o he p oblem is no i ial. Con ol a iables o OPF unc ionali y
a e ap posi ion o on-load ap change , eac i e powe o gene a o , lexibili y ac i a ion om
mic og ids (condi ional e-p o iling (CRP) p oduc s), o p oduc ion cu ailmen o gene a o .
Con ols ha e di e en cos s o he DSO and p e ious con ol a iables we e lis ed om he
cheapes o mos expensi e. Vol age should s ay be ween 0.95 - 1.05 pu.
55
a e mos likely due o ex e nal a ic, which always exis s, bu educes possibili ies o compa e
he esul s eliably. Al hough he communica ion la ency is a he sho mos o he ime, i
includes s ochas ici y and some imes he la ency migh be many imes highe han he expec ed
alue. This issue will impac how well he synch oniza ion me hods a e able o synch onize
e en happening a he same ime in di e en loca ion bu he in o ma ion is ecei ed a di e en
ime. Due o he unce ain ies associa ed o hese esul s, u he s udies on he delays should be
conduc ed a ollowing p ojec s.
Figu e 39: Round ip imes o TAU o LUT measu emen ( op) & TAU o VTT measu emen
(bo om) - WITHOUT VPN connec ion.
62

Figu e 40: Round ip imes o TAU o LUT measu emen ( op) & TAU o VTT measu emen
(bo om) - WITH VPN connec ion.
63
5 HEILA as an enable o na ional sma ene gy ecosys em
The p e ious sec ions desc ibe he echnical wo k conduc ed in HEILA p ojec . In addi ion o
de eloping echnical solu ions o u u e sma ene gy unc ionali ies, HEILA has con ibu ed
also o de ining he na ional sma ene gy ecosys em o Finland. Ene gy business is expe iencing
se e al concu en dis up ions ela ed o changes in elec ici y p oduc ion, consump ion and
s o age, anspo sec o and de elopmen o ICT. New ype o collabo a ion be ween di e en
ac o s is necessa y o cope and lou ish in he new ope a ional en i onmen . The main con-
ibu ion o HEILA p ojec owa ds he na ional ecosys em is de ining and implemen ing he
na ional es ing pla o m ha cu en ly consis s o labo a o ies o LUT, VTT and TAU bu is
planned o be ex ended o include also o he labo a o ies and, mo e impo an ly, eal-li e pilo
si es. This ocal pla o m enables new ype o collabo a ion be ween di e en ene gy ac o s and
is an impo an enable o he sma ene gy ecosys em. The e a e also o he ongoing ac i i ies
on sma ene gy ecosys em opic and HEILA wo k is closely linked o all o hem.
A clea need o de ining and building a na ional-le el ecosys em o sma ene gy has been
iden i ied o se e al easons. Cu en ly, he e a e se e al ad anced pilo ing ac i i ies which a e,
howe e , a bi sca e ed a na ional le el. The e is a need o in eg a ing he exis ing pilo s and
en i onmen s be e o enable mo e e icien na ional inno a ion en i onmen ha is capable o
de eloping, implemen ing and es ing ad anced sma ene gy unc ionali ies, also on sys em
le el. A he same he exis ing in as uc u e can be used mo e e icien ly. In addi ion o he
na ional inno a ion en i onmen , his will enable Finland o p esen mo e signi ican en i ies on
in e na ional le el.
Some o he de elopmen ends also s ee mo e in e es owa ds na ional ecosys ems. Gene ally,
he p og ess is mo e owa ds public–p i a e pa ne ship (PPP)- ype ins umen s whe e companies,
esea ch o ganiza ions and public unding o ganiza ions a e inc easingly wo king oge he and
sha ing he unding. On EU le el he discussion has been owa ds inno a ion hubs which can
ep esen one way o alloca ing unding in he u u e. O e all, Finnish ini ia i es such as Sma
Ene gy p og am by Business Finland ely s ongly on pla o m and ecosys em s uc u es.
5.1 Wha is an ecosys em?
The e is no es ablished de ini ion o an ecosys em in business wo ld. Howe e , i is widely
ag eed ha a unc ioning ecosys em should ha e ce ain cha ac e is ics. Fo an ecosys em o
h i e, i should ha e a common goal, ules and a s a egy o achie e ha goal. The goal can be
some hing abs ac like enhancing he li ing condi ions o some hing conc e e like c ea ing new
expo p oduc s. An ecosys em is mo e han jus a ne wo k o di e en ac o s. In a ne wo k he e
is no sha ed agenda, only indi idual needs and a ne wo k o ecei e and p o ide help.
64
Ideally, an ecosys em is like a li ing o ganism whe e i s inhabi an s li e o achie e a common
goal by exploi ing and bene i ing he ecosys em ecip ocally. In o de o ha o happen he
ecosys em needs one acili a o who supe in ends ha he ules a e obeyed and he ecip oci y is
ealized. I is no always easy o say wha is equi ed om he playe s o ope a e in an ecosys em
o o wha hey a e eligible/en i led o. In an ecosys em he e has o be a sha ed agenda bu
i doesn’ mean ha he e couldn’ be any indi idual p ojec s whe e all he mone a y bene i s
go o indi idual playe s. Bu i a playe wan s o bene i om he ecosys em, i mus also gi e
some hing o he ecosys em. I could p o ide, o example, use ul da a o esul s o a esea ch.
The idea behind he concep comes om biology and ecosys ems in na u e. Howe e , i is no
exac ly he same. In na u e, ecosys em p o ides he li ing condi ions and he es is a game o
li e - he i es will su i e. In a business wo ld ecosys em all he inhabi an s sha e a common
goal and a will o achie e i .
Ecosys ems can be di ided in o a a ie y o ypes (see e.g. [
27
]) and de ined in mul iple ways.
The e a e many di e en ecosys ems depending o ins ance on he gene al objec i e and pa ne
p o iles. Commonly ecosys ems a e classi ied as knowledge ecosys ems, inno a ion ecosys ems
and business ecosys ems. Such classi ica ion is no always s aigh o wa d as ecosys ems
ypically ha e some cha ac e is ics o hese di e en ypes. Typically same ecosys em can ha e
mo e inno a ion-o ien ed and mo e business-o ien ed ac i i ies. Figu es 41 and 42 depic he
ela ion o he abo e men ioned ecosys em ypes. The na ional sma ene gy ecosys em ha is
aimed o in HEILA and also o he cu en ly ac i e ini ia i es is an inno a ion ecosys em. The
ac i i ies in he inno a ion ecosys em will lead o o ma ion o also business ecosys ems. [28]
Figu e 41: Di e en ypes o ecosys ems ha e di e en goals and ac o s. All h ee ypes o
ecosys ems build a ound a ocal company o pla o m and a e pa ly o e lapping.
65
Figu e 42: Di e en ypes o ecosys ems.
Inno a ion ecosys em has ce ain ypical cha ac e is ics. I no mally has a common goal which
is sha ed by all pa icipan s. Inno a ion ecosys em is a ne wo k o all ele an ac o s, especially
in eg a ing di e en ac o s oge he , o ins ance big companies and s a ups o business ac o s
and esea che s. Inno a ion ecosys ems a e as a p inciple open and dynamic. They do no
ha e s ic managemen s uc u es no majo o mali ies. They a e no cen ally managed,
howe e hey a e coo dina ed by a sui able ac o . Inno a ion ecosys ems a e ypically linked
in e na ionally wi h simila o suppo ing ecosys ems. Na ionally hey seek o ha e clea impac
on na ional de elopmen and discussions o ins ance a ound egula ion and policies.
Inno a ion ecosys ems a e ypically based on ce ain pla o m o pilo si e which hey can u ilize
lexibly. They ypically sha e da a and ideas in open manne s. Inno a ion ecosys ems also
de elop ways o wo king oge he , including o ins ance common inno a ion ac ions and join
p ojec de elopmen . Inno a ion ecosys ems de elop new ools o collabo a ion be ween he
pa ne s o ins ance wi hin i ual wo kspaces.
The ope a ion model o an inno a ion ecosys em is ac o -d i en and dynamic. Ac i i ies can
be aised quickly and wi h e icien p epa a ions whene e he e is a common in e es wi hin
he ecosys em. Ac i i ies can be p epa ed and lead by any pa ne depending on he si ua ion.
Fo ins ance esea ch p ojec s a e inc easingly p epa ed om need poin o iew ins ead o
echnology de elopmen poin o iew. A he same, he ole o common ision becomes essen ial
o iden i ying he esea ch needs on a high enough le el o ambi ion.
Business ecosys ems sha e many cha ac e is ics wi h inno a ion ecosys ems. Howe e i is
clea ha hey a e mo e business-d i en and ha e mo e ocus on cus ome alues and s a egic
de elopmen agendas. In business ecosys ems he ac ual business ela ionships be ween ac o s
66
a e highligh ed. Mo e ocus is in achie ing new business oppo uni ies oge he .
5.2 Finnish sma ene gy ecosys em - Sma Ene gy Finland
Finland, as a membe o he Eu opean Union, has ag eed o dec ease i s CO2 emissions and
o inc ease he sha e o enewable powe p oduc ion. The same end can be widely seen also
in o he pa s o he wo ld. This c ea es a need o in en new sma ene gy solu ions ha a e
sui able o decen alized and wea he dependen powe p oduc ion. In addi ion o he end o
deca boniza ion, also digi aliza ion can be seen as a mega end a ound he wo ld. Se ices a e
shi ing online and a new way o combining and exchanging da a h ough digi al pla o ms can
be seen as e icien and unc ional solu ion. Building such pla o ms c ea es a need o unde s and
mo e han one domain. One needs o unde s and he use s o he se ice, he ma ke s hey ope a e
on and he ICT echnology in o de o build a unc ioning and ele an pla o m.
Finland has ce ain ad an ages in he ace o c ea ing new sma ene gy concep s/solu ions. We
ha e ad anced ene gy sys ems wi h sma g id capabili ies, open ene gy ma ke s wi h possibili ies
o new en an s, s ong compe ence in digi al echnologies and al eady exis ing labs, pilo si es
and es ne wo ks, o example o 5G. The nex s ep is o c ea e la ge c oss-cu ing pilo s ha
would combine he knowledge o mul iple domains in o comp ehensi e solu ions. Fi s s ep
owa ds i is b inging oge he wide ange o ac o s om ene gy and ICT sec o s.
Finnish sma ene gy ecosys em as a de ini ion means ne wo k o all ele an ac o s, wo king
oge he o he Finnish agenda wi hin sma ene gy sec o . The ecosys em u ilizes a ne wo k
o pilo and es pla o ms p o ided and enabled by HEILA p ojec . As an o ganiza ion he
ecosys em mus be lexible and open, meaning e icien managemen s uc u es and no pa ne ship
ees. The ecosys em de elopmen wo k is s ongly ela ed o ways o wo king oge he in o de
o enable e icien co-ope a ion and exchange o ideas be ween he pa ne s. The ecosys em
should join ly ind new inno a ions d i ing he la es de elopmen . The ecosys em should also
iden i y new unding schemes o p ojec s de eloping hese inno a ions. The ecosys em should
also be ac i e in na ional discussions o ins ance o policy and egula ion de elopmen .
5.2.1 Wo kshop esul s in HEILA p ojec
Wo kshops ha e been and will be an impo an wo king me hod when de ining he na ional
ecosys em. The ecosys em concep has been discussed in se e al HEILA s ee ing g oup mee ings
and a dedica ed wo kshop o he ecosys em discussion was a anged in Ma ch 2018. This
subsec ion ep esen s he esul s o his wo kshop. These esul s ha e been u ilized in HEILA
p ojec and he linked pa allel ac i i ies as an impo an inpu o ecosys em de ini ion and
o ming.
The wo kshop was di ided in o wo pa s. A i s , he Finnish sma ene gy agenda was discussed
67

ying o de ine common goals o he na ional sma ene gy ecosys em. The aim was o de ine
main big objec i es, enable s, ba ie s, gaps and co-ope a ion schemes o he na ional sma
ene gy ecosys em. As a esul o he discussion dozens o ideas we e ga he ed o which he
gene al guidelines will be p esen ed nex .
As a common agenda o he whole ecosys em wo main concep s we e de e mined. "Sa e he
wo ld" e e s o global challenge o educing ha m ul CO2 emissions and inc easing he amoun
o enewable powe p oduc ion. "Keep he ligh s on" sugges s ha he ocus should also be in
main aining o possibly e en imp o ing Finland’s sel -su iciency in ene gy h oughou he yea .
O he objec i es o he ecosys em aim a c ea ing new expo p oduc s in ene gy domain and
building Finland’s image as a es ing pla o m o ad anced ene gy ma ke s.
Du ing he discussion some key enable s o he Finnish sma ene gy ecosys em o h i e we e
ecognized. Fi s o all, we al eady ha e a comple e in as uc u e o he sma solu ions o
ake place in ene gy domain and also s ong his o y in echnology and ene gy coope a ion in
Finland. Also cul u e o ial was ecognized as a Finnish hing. On he o he hand, also some
ba ie s we e ound challenging he de elopmen o s ong na ional ecosys em. Finnish mindse
o inadequacy and inabili y o cash in on inno a ions we e seen as he key challenge. Technology
was seen eally good, bu he abili y o comme cialize i was no . Also a lack o su icien amoun
o global ac o s in Finland was seen a challenge. Inc easing he isibili y o ene gy domain was
conside ed e y impo an .
When u he de eloping he concep o na ional ene gy ecosys em, some co-ope a ion schemes
we e b ains o med. C oss-disciplina y know-how and sys em knowledge, bo h poin ing owa ds
unde s anding he big pic u e, we e seen as c i ically impo an . As a summa y, i was s a ed
ha he inno a ion ecosys em should enable he con inuous de elopmen o o e all compe ence
h ough co-ope a ion be ween uni e si ies, esea ch o ganiza ions and indus y.
In he las phase o he ecosys em wo kshop, ac o s ha should be in ol ed in he ecosys em
we e lis ed. Besides he usual ene gy domain ac o s, like elec ici y e aile s, DSOs, egula o s
and TSO, eme ging new ac o s we e iden i ied. Fo example, agg ega o , echnology and se ice
p o ide s, banks, in es o s, minis ies and building au oma ion manu ac u e s we e added o he
lis .
5.2.2 HEILA ole in Sma Ene gy Finland - ecosys em
Need o and s uc u e o he na ional sma ene gy ecosys em.
The ene gy sys em is unde
majo dis up ion which equi es new ype o collabo a ion be ween di e en ac o s. Finland
can emain as a o e unne in ene gy sec o only i we succeed in o ming sui able ecosys ems
in which ac o s can combine hei capabili ies o a i e o compe i i e solu ions in global scale.
68
New collabo a ion be ween companies and also esea ch o ganiza ions enables new openings,
inno a ions and business oppo uni ies and g ow h o Finland. In p ac ice, inno a ions do no
jus eme ge by hemsel es bu inding he new oppo uni ies equi es a lo o discussions and
b ains o ming oge he . The na ional sma ene gy ecosys em should p o ide a pla o m o hese
kinds o discussions. The ecosys em should bene i all i s pa icipan s.
The Finnish na ional sma ene gy ecosys em o ms by combining di e en pilo ing a eas and
p e ious and ongoing ac i i ies in Finland. When he di e en pilo ing a eas ha ing a di e en
ocus a e linked, mo e comp ehensi e and ad anced s udies a e possible. This will bene i
all Finnish s akeholde s. A clea consensus on join na ional ecosys em has clea bene i s on
in e na ional le el ne wo king and builds new Finnish compe i i eness bo h in e ms o high-le el
esea ch and company de elopmen ac i i ies.
The na ional sma ene gy ecosys em consis s o indi idual ac o s and in as uc u es as ep-
esen ed in Figu es 43 and 44. The ecosys em s uc u e should be lexible so ha he bene i s
a e no los o excessi e bu eauc acy bu some gene al ules need o be de ined. The ecosys em
has di e en laye s o ope a ion: The e needs o be a gene al collabo a ion laye ha p o ides
possibili ies o new ype o collabo a ion be ween ecosys em pa icipan s h ough e.g. join
e en s, acili a ing enhanced knowledge and in as uc u e sha ing and p o iding ecosys em
guidelines and con ac empla es. Also join communica ion and dissemina ion ac i i ies need
o be conduc ed o gua an ee op imal isibili y o Finnish know-how in e na ionally and o
con ibu e o expo g ow h. In addi ion o he gene al collabo a ion laye , also a echnical laye
combining di e en pilo si es and labo a o ies is needed. HEILA pla o m p o ides echnical
solu ions o his. The e needs o be a acili a o aking ca e o he ecosys em ope a ion.
Figu e 43: The na ional sma ene gy ecosys em links di e en ac o s and acili ies.
69
Figu e 44: Role o na ional ecosys em in linking di e en ac o s and p o iding se ices.
Linking di e en ac o s and pilo si es in a na ion-wide ecosys em enables de eloping and es ing
solu ions o all laye s depic ed in Figu e 45. In e ope abili y is one o he key issues when
building he u u e sma ene gy sys em and i is i al o be able o ope a e on all le els o he
sys em and o ini ia e collabo a ion be ween ac o s ope a ing on di e en laye s.
Figu e 45: Laye s uc u e and managemen o in e ope abili y ac oss laye s. The ecosys em
enables es ing o solu ions o di e en laye s.
HEILA connec s egional pilo pla o ms and ecosys ems
The e a e se e al egional pilo -
ing pla o ms and ecosys ems ac i e in Finland such as Sma O aniemi, Sma Ene gy Åland,
70
Ene gyVaasa, SENECC, Ma jamäki and LUT G een Campus. The na ional sma ene gy ecosys-
em is a collabo a i e e o o he local pla o ms and ecosys ems as isualized in Figu e 46.
HEILA pla o m echnical solu ions can be used o in eg a e he di e en pilo ing pla o ms so
ha he ull po en ial o he pla o ms can be ob ained and also sys em-le el s udies conduc ed.
In p ac ice, HEILA pla o m will enable as and easy connec ion o mul iple pilo s, es si es
and labs h ough one pla o m whe e con ol commands and da a exchange can be execu ed in
s anda dized manne . Figu e 47 ep esen s he geog aphical dis ibu ion o some o he pilo si es
al eady exis ing.
Figu e 46: HEILA echnical solu ions enable in eg a ing local pilo ing pla o ms as one
na ionwide pilo ing pla o m.
Figu e 47: Sma ene gy pilo si es exis in di e en pa s o Finland.
71
Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases
Mic og id moni o ing (DSO)
Name: Mic og id da a sha ing o hose who should ha e access o hose ( eal- ime moni o ing)
Main ac o : DSO
Goal o main ac o :
In o de o be able o ake imely ac ions o main ain powe quali y and secu i y o supply, u ilize mic og id in island ope a ion, he
DSO wan s o know:
1. how long a ce ain mic og id can ope a ion o -g id
2. how long se e al mic og ids can keep a pa o he dis ibu ion g id in island ope a ion mode; equency measu emen om
islanded pa (i no o he wise a ailable)
3. ne demand o he mic og id (i no o he wise obse able)
4. lexibili y esou ces - ela ed in o ma ion:
oagg ega ed SoC / expec ed SoC (i elec ic ehicles)
oDR
op oduc ion cu ailmen
oQ capaci ies
5. ob ain a a e (kW, kVA ) a which a mic og id is cu en ly p o iding lexibili y esou ces o DSO a he PCC/connec ion poin
(duplica es DSO Flexibili y use-case?)
6. amoun s o ac i e powe ese es (upwa ds and downwa ds) main ained by mic og ids ( o make su e no conges ion is on he
way, o minimize own cos s o condi ional ep o iling p oduc s)
Pa icipan s:
MO: Ope a es mic og id and p o ides/publishes p ocessed da a a he le el o mic og id o Agg ega o (s) and he DSO
Agg ega o : an al e na i e channel o he DSO o ob ain echnical pa ame e s; publishes p ice cu es, se s amoun s o ac i e powe
ese es main ained by mic og ids (p obably no ele an )
P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions:
Con ac s exis : MOs - Agg ega o s, DSO-Agg ega o s (abou being an al e na i e channel)
Mic og id is connec ed o DSO
DSO knows om which mic og id i wan s o ob ain moni o ing da a (DSO knows which Agg ega o could p o ide da a i di ec
moni o ing no possible)
Diag am:
Main success scena io:
1. DSO ob ains moni o ing da a om mic og id connec ed o he DSO's g id
Success gua an ee:
DSO ob ained moni o ing da a om mic og id ( om he co ec one) in ime (ne demand).
MO(s) log and s o e he moni o ing da a o ce ain pe iod ( o esol e any dispu e)
T igge :
DSO ies o ob ain/ ead moni o ing da a om MO (al e na i ely om Agg ega o )
Excep ions / expansions:
-
Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies)
The in o ma ion goes di ec ly om MOs o he DSO's he mic og id is connec ed o, al e na i ely - ia Agg ega o .
Should we include p ice o e s o his use case
The ading o lexibili y be ween DSO and Agg ega o should be open and ai and no include any hidden addi ional
subs i u e, i he agg ega o is he local e aile om he same consolida ed co po a ion
2

Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases
Mic og id moni o ing (Agg ega o )
Name: Moni o ing o Mic og ids (Agg ega o )
Main ac o : Agg ega o
Goal o main ac o :
1. Moni o ing and being awa e o lexibili y po en ial on di e en ime scales o make o e s on lexibili y ma ke s o o upwa ds
ac o s (e.g. TSO, DSO)
Pa icipan s:
Mic og id ope a o (MO): publishes he da a abou lexibili y po en ial o all Mic og id’s esou ces on di e en ime scales o
Agg ega o in p ede ined o ma
P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions:
1. The au oma ion needed o lexibili y moni o ing, o ecas ing, da a exchange and acquisi ion is ins alled on all le els and
ope a es
2. Agg ega o is au ho ized o ob ain he lexibili y da a o MOs
3. ICT in as uc u e is secu e and eliable
4. Fo ma o da a exchange is de ined
Diag am:
Main success scena io:
Agg ega o ecei es he da a published by MO(s)
Agg ega o p ocesses he da a
Agg ega o upda es he da a o lexibili y po en ial
Success gua an ee:
The da a abou po en ial lexibili y o Mic og ids a e deli e ed o Agg ega o in ull olume and s anda d o ma su icien o
accu a ely e alua e a ailable lexibili y
T igge :
Pe iodically (e.g. e e y 1 minu e)
E en based subsc ip ion: c i ical change in lexibili y po en ial o p ice sensi i i y o MO
Reques o Agg ega o
Excep ions / expansions:
1a. Agg ega o did no ecei e he da a om MO
1a1. Agg ega o sends a eques o he MO
1a1a. MO e u ns eques ed da a
1a1b. MO s ill does no e u n eques ed da a
1a2b. Agg ega o does no conside he co esponding MO o he nex p ede ined pe iod
Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies)
Mic og id moni o ing (Mic og id ope a o )
Name:
3
Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases
Main ac o : Mic og id ope a o
Goal o main ac o : End esul s and bene i s
Con inuous alida ion o he s a e o lexibili y esou ces o gua an ee pu chased lexibili y se ices o di e en ma ke s
Con inuous moni o ing o powe quali y o in e nal cus ome (p osume ) connec ion poin
Con inuous moni o ing o DER s a es (e.g. SOC/SOH o ba e ies, ou pu o PV, e c.)
Pa icipan s:
Mic og id ope a o : Ope a es mic og id
P osume : Pa ne o mic og id, p o ide o DERs (owned himsel o oge he wi h o he pa ne s), and con ac pa ne o
mic og id ope a o . P osume is a passi e ac o ha allows he mic og id ope a o o moni o i s DERs.
DER: P o ide o lexibili y esou ces o mic og id (owned oge he wi h mic og id pa ne s o single p osume )
Agg ega o : Pu chase o lexibili y se ices
Main enance se ice companies: Main ain mic og id IT and au oma ion sys ems and DERs
P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions:
Mic og id and DERs ha e a g id connec ion
DSO is supplying elec ici y o mic og id ( esponsible o g id se ices in mic og id connec ion poin )
Con ac s o in e nal managemen and owne ship o DERs exis s
Con ac s wi h Agg ega o s exis s
DERs a e obse able
Measu emen da a p ocessing algo i hms and sys ems wo k wi hou e o s.
Diag am:
Main success scena io:
1. Acqui ing s a e o he DERs wi h epo ing (publishing)
2. Da a p ocessing: alida ion, il e ing, comp essing/agg ega ion
3. Da a s o age
4. Da a compiling: Ex ac ing in o ma ion om aw da a
5. Real- ime moni o ing: ala ms, e en s, da a low
6. O -line moni o ing: supe ision o (g id componen ) main enance needs
Success qua an ee:
Valid measu emen s om he mic og id a e ecei ed by he mic og id ope a o .
T igge :
Mic og id ope a o : Mone a y bene i s o mic og id ope a o o p o iding lexibili y se ices
Sub- igge o MO: Moni o ing he s a e o con olling he mic og id is equi ed o ensu e he mic og id ope a ion and
ul illing he DSO equi emen s
Sub- igge o MO: Mic og id moni o ing he s a e o he DERs, and he e o e he mic og id, is equi ed o o e ing and
p o iding lexibili y se ices
P osume : Mone a y bene i s o p osume o allowing he mic og id ope a o o ope a e p osume 's DERs
DSO: esponsibili ies o hei g id ope a ion
Agg ega o : Re enue om ading powe p oduc s
Main enance se ice companies: e enue om main enance se ice
Excep ions / expansions:
4
Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases
Mic og id ope a o ga he s DER da a by eques ing (polling) and no by lis ening o DER b oadcas ing.
Faul s in moni o ing he s a e, aul s in in e nal DER ope a ion (leading in o p o iding inco ec da a), aul s in alida ion algo i hm,
aul s in il e ing algo i hm, aul s in DSO g id, aul s in mic og id.
Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies)
Pe missions o ope a ing DERs wi h chain owne ships.
5
Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases
FCR (Mic og id ope a o )
Name: Mic og ids as equency con ainmen ese es ( om mic og ids' poin o iew)
Main ac o : Mic og id ope a o (MO)
Goal o main ac o : MO wan s o e icien ly use DERs by p o iding ac i e powe ese es
Pa icipan s
Agg ega o : wan s o pool (a ce ain minimum amoun o ) a ailable ac i e powe ese es o mic og ids and o esell hem ei he on
FCR ma ke o o DSOs ( o island ope a ion)
DER: wan s e icien use o equipmen o i s as e payback; wan s o use equipmen o own pu puses oo.
P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions:
All equi ed con ac be ween pa icipan s exis
All sys ems wo k
Diag am:
Main success scena io:
1. MO ecei es he command om Agg ega o o main ain a ce ain amoun o ac i e powe ese e (alloca ion)
2. MO dis ibu es he ecei ed alloca ion o DERs o physically main ain and deli e ac i e powe ese es
3. MO moni o DERs o es ablish ac ual amoun s o main ained and ac i a ed ese es
4. MO epo s on ac ual amoun s o Agg ega o
Success gua an ee: Agg ega o has imely and comple e in o ma ion on ac i a ed and main ained ac i e powe ese es om MO
T igge :
S ep 1 o main success scena io
Excep ions / expansions:
1a. DER did no epo abou i s ac i a ed o main ained FCR
1a1. communica ion ailu e: MO esends a eques o he DER
1a2. communica ion conges ion/DER busy: MO makes a conse a i e assump ion abou his DER
2a. MO did no publish he da a abou i s ac i a ed o main ained FCR
2a1. Agg ega o ac ions simila o 1a1, 1a2
Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies)
Ideas abou MO epo ing o Agg ega o :
 ime-based epo on main ained amoun o ese es
e en -based epo on ac i a ed amoun s o ese es
6
Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases
FCR (Agg ega o )
Name: Mic og ids as equency con ainmen ese es ( om agg ega o s' poin o iew)
Main ac o : Agg ega o
Goal o main ac o :
o pool (a ce ain minimum amoun o ) a ailable ac i e powe ese es o mic og ids and o esell hem ei he on FCR ma ke o o
DSOs ( o island ope a ion)
Pa icipan s:
Rese e Ma ke (Pla o m): wan s o p o ide ading se ices (possibly o a ee).
Mic og id ope a o : wan s o e icien ly use DERs by p o iding ac i e powe ese es.
DSO: wan s o a oid ne wo k conges ion caused by mic ogi ds' pa icipa ing in equency egula ion (wan s o a oid paying o
condi ional ep o iling p oduc s)
P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions:
All he equi ed con ac s be ween pa icipan s a e in place.
All sys ems wo k.
Diag am:
Main success scena io:
1. Agg ega o ob ains da a o es ablish a ailable ac i e powe ese es o mic og ids (MOs)
2. Agg ega o p epa es p ice bids and submi s hem o Rese e Ma ke s
3. Agg ega o ob ains he esul s o he ading session and op imizes/alloca es he o-be-main ained ac i e powe ese es
o MOs
4. MOs main ain he ac i e powe ese es alloca ed by Agg ega o s and s a sending epo s/upda es o Agg ega o s.
5. Agg ega o alida es he amoun s o deli e ed main ained and ac i a ed ese es by each o he MOs (using hei epo s and
upda es)
6. Agg ega o bills he buye o ac i e powe ese es and send paymen s o MOs.
Success gua an ee:
Agg ega o s alloca ed ac i e powe ese es o be main ained by MOs and MOs main ained hem
The da a abou o de ed and deli e ed amoun s o main ained and ac i a ed ese es a e logged
T igge :
Time e en : Agg ega o p epa es o pa icipa e on ese e ma ke .
Excep ions / expansions:
Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies)
- in case MO can' main ain ac i e powe ese es, he Agg ega o needs o immedia ely know abou i in o de o ealize
escheduling
7

Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases
DSO lexibili y (Mic og id ope a o )
Name: Flexibili y o dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces o imp o e ope a ion o pa s o dis ibu ion ne wo k ( om mic og id
ope a o s' poin o iew).
Main ac o : Mic og id ope a o (MO)
Goal o main ac o :
To e icien ly use DERs by p o iding lexibili y se ices.
Pa icipan s:
Agg ega o : wan s o ga he lexibili y se ices o mic og ids and esell hem o DSO.
DER owne s: wan as e payback o equipmen , wan o use i o own pu poses oo.
P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions:
All equi ed con ac s be ween he pa icipan s a e in place
All sys ems wo k (da a connec ions, MO's own sys ems, which collec da a om DERs and es ima e a ailable amoun s o lexibili y
se ices, e c.)
MO ge s no i ica ion om Agg ega o o s a deli e y o a lexibili y se ice.
Main success scena io:
1. MOs p o ides in o ma ion on a ailable amoun s o Agg ega o (s)
2. MOs ecei e in o ma ion om Agg ega o s abou ( ull o pa ial) accep ance o o e s
3. MOs p epa e in e nal unning schedules o hei DERs
4. MOs epo o Agg ega o s on deli e ed amoun s o se ices (con inuous epo ing while deli e ing)
5. MOs ge paid o deli e ed amoun s o lexibili y se ices.
Success gua an ee:
P o ision o lexibili y se ices does no lead o iola ion o MO's se ice obliga ions wi hin mic og id.
MO ecei es adequa e paymen o deli e ed lexibili y se ices
T igge :
MO ge s no i ica ion om Agg ega o o s a deli e y o a lexibili y se ice.
Excep ions / expansions:
-
Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies)
-
8
Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases
DSO lexibili y (Agg ega o )
Name: Flexibili y o dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces o imp o e ope a ion o pa s o dis ibu ion ne wo k ( om agg ega o s' poin o
iew).
Main ac o : Agg ega o
Goal o main ac o :
To ga he lexibili y se ices o mic og ids and esell hem o DSO.
Pa icipan s:
DSO: wan s o e icien ly manage conges ions and powe quali y by using lexibili y se ices; wan s o pay only o deli e ed
se ice.
Mic og id Ope a o : wan s o e icien ly use DERs by p o iding lexibili y se ices.
Flexibili y Ma ke (FM): wan s o p o ide ading se ices ( o a ee i independen om DSO).
P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions:
All necessa y con ac s be ween pa icipan s a e in place.
All sys ems wo k (da a connec ions, con ol sys ems o DERs, mic og ids, e c.)
Agg ega o ge s a no i ica ion ha his o e ed lexibili y se ices accep ed.
Main success scena io:
1. Agg ega o ob ains o ecas s and epo s om MO(s) con aining in o ma ion abou amoun s o a ailable lexibili y se ices
2. Agg ega o p epa es and submi s p ice bids/o e s o DSO lexibili y se ices o FM
3. Agg ega o ecei es no i ica ion om FM when DSO accep s p ice o e on FM
4. Agg ega o o de s MO(s) o ac i a e/schedule he deli e y o lexibili y se ice.
5. MO epo s o Agg ega o abou ac i a ed esou ces and he deli e y o lexibili y se ice.
6. Agg ega o epo s o DSO abou ac i a ed amoun s o esou ces and deli e y o lexibili y se ice.
7. Agg ega o bills he DSO and pays Mic og id Ope a o s.
Success gua an ee:
Deli e y o se ice is possible o alida e - con inuous alida ion epo ing, da a is logged.
Agg ega o ge s paid a e alida ion o se ice deli e y.
T igge :
DSO accep s a ce ain amoun o lexibili y se ice o e ed by Agg ega o
Excep ions / expansions:
1. In o ma ion in he da abase is no up- o-da e o missing:
1a. T y ob aining he da a by eques ing he ele an MO(s).
2. DSO declines he o e
2a. S op he e
3. Mic og id Ope a o is no capable o deli e ing he p omised amoun o lexibili y se ice.
3a. Agg ega o ies o ealloca e deli e y o o he ele an MOs
Open ques ions and o he equi emen s:
9
Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases
DSO lexibili y (DSO)
Name: Flexibili y o dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces o imp o e ope a ion o pa s o dis ibu ion ne wo k ( om DSOs' poin o iew).
Main ac o : DSO
Goal o main ac o :
1. To e icien ly manage conges ions and powe quali y by using lexibili y se ices.
Pa icipan s:
Agg ega o : wan s o ga he lexibili y se ices o mic og ids and esell hem o DSO
Flexibili y ma ke (FM): wan s o p o ide ading se ices ( o a ee i independen om DSO).
Balance esponsible pa y (BRP): ge s in o med and compensa ed by DSO i necessa y
P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions:
1. All con ac s a e in place
2. All sys ems wo k (da a connec ions, ading pla o m, sys ems o he agg ega o and DSO)
3. DSO o ecas ed a iola ion o powe quali y o sho age o ansmission capaci y
Main success scena io:
DSO eads p ice o e s abou a ailable lexibili y o mic og ids o desi ed loca ion/a ea om FM
DSO checks echnical, economic easibili y o he o e (s), de ines plan o possible con ol ac ions o he o e (s)
DSO selec s he o e (s) om he FM
FM sends con ac ag eemen o DSO and when needed DSO issues ac i a ion eques o Agg ega o (s) wi h needed amoun o
lexible esou ces
DSO ge s ac i a ion/ alida ion epo s om Agg ega o (s)
DSO pays o he eques ed lexibili y se ice o Agg ega o (s)
DSO in o ms and compensa es BRP(s) i necessa y
Success gua an ee:
DSO obse es he imp o emen s a e alida ion no i ica ion ecei ed om Agg ega o
T igge :
Powe quali y iola ion o sho age o ansmission capaci y
Excep ions / expansions:
1a. Agg ega o did no p o ide he in o ma ion because o communica ion channel ailu e
2a. DSO declines o e s ha a e no echnically easible
3a. DSO declines o e s ha a e no economically easible
4a. Agg ega o (s) could no ealize i s p omises
Open ques ions and o he equi emen s:
10
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Con en s
De ailed e minology...................................................................................................................................2
Moni o ing mic og id DERs (Mic og id ope a o ) de ailed...................................................................6
Moni o ing (Agg ega o ) de ailed............................................................................................................14
Moni o ing (DSO) de ailed.......................................................................................................................21
FCR (Mic og id ope a o ) de ailed.........................................................................................................25
FCR (Agg ega o ) de ailed.......................................................................................................................33
FCR (TSO) de ailed...................................................................................................................................40
DSO lexibili y (Mic og id Ope a o ) de ailed.......................................................................................50
DSO lexibili y (Agg ega o ) de ailed......................................................................................................56
DSO lexibili y (DSO) de ailed.................................................................................................................62
1
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
MGMS.DA Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a
Acquisi ion
MGMS.DM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a
Managemen
MGMS.DP Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a
P ocessing
MGMS.DBM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Base
Managemen
MGMS.FF Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Flexibili y
Fo ecas
Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s
Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law, s anda d, o he s
P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s
Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/
Con ac
T igge ing
E en
P e-condi ions Assump io
n
Pos -
condi ions
MGMS Has he echnical possibili y o moni o he s a es o
he DERs in he mic og id.
MGMS The mic og id ope a o has legal con ac s o
moni o DERs
DER S a e can be moni o ed in e nally and he s a e can
be epo ed/ esponse sen o mic og id ope a o .
Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable)
Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us
Gene al Rema ks
Gene al Rema ks
8

Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case
9
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
3 S ep by S ep Analysis o Use Case
Scena io No. P ima y
Ac o
T igge ing E en P e-Condi ion Pos -
Condi ion
P ima y
scena io 1:
Time based
published
DER s a e
DER.IED Time in e al igge s
publishing/b oadcas ing/ epo ing a DER
s a e (based on a DER pa ame e i.e.
change in DER s a e).
MGMS.DA has subsc ibed o e en
publica ion (based on p e-de ined DER s a e
changes): MGMS has knowledge abou all
DERs and how o subsc ibe o hei
b oadcas ing/publishing/ epo ing.
MGMS
ecei es he
published
DER s a e
epo .
Al e na i e
scena io 1:
E en based
publishing
DER.IED An e en (i.e. an ala m) igge s
publishing/b oadcas ing/ epo ing a DER
s a e (based on a DER pa ame e i.e.
change in DER s a e).
MGMS.DA has subsc ibed o e en
publica ion (based on p e-de ined DER s a e
changes): MGMS has knowledge abou all
DERs and how o subsc ibe o hei
b oadcas ing/publishing/ epo ing.
MGMS
ecei es he
published
DER s a e
epo .
Al e na i e
scena io 2:
Reques ing
DER s a es
sequen ially
MGMS.DA A ce ain momen (i.e. he beginning) o
a eques sequence o DER s a es.
Reques s can be done: MGMS has knowledge
abou all DERs and how o connec /message
hem.
All DER
s a es a e
que ied ha
can/need be
eques ed.
10
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
S eps – No mal Sequence
Scena io Name : P ima y scena io 1: Time based published DER s a e
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s
ID
*Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io
1 Pe iodically
Reques Da a:
DER
Measu emen s
DER.IED eques s he da a om
DER.SM
DER.IED DER.SM Reques signal [de
measu emen s]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
2 Da a Upda e:
DER
Measu emen s
DER.IED samples da a om
DER.SM
DER.SM DER.IED Repo [de
measu emen s]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
3 Calcula ions:
DER s a e
DER.IED calcula es cu en s a e
o he DER
DER.IED DER.IED No in o ma ion
exchange
4 POST Da a:
DER s a e
DER.IED publishes a epo , ha is
acqui ed by MGMS.DA
DER.IED MGMS.DA Repo [de s a e] TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
5 Reques Da a:
P ocessed Da a
MGMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a
o MGMS.DP
MGMS.DA MGMS.DP Reques o p ocess
da a [de s a e]
Repo [ac i e powe
( )]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
6 Calcula ions:
Da a alida ion
MGMS.DP "check ou ines", ha
check o co ec ness,
meaning ulness, and secu i y o
da a ha a e inpu o he sys em.
MGMS.DP MGMS.DP No in o ma ion
exchange
7 Upda e Da a:
P ocessed Da a
MGMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed
da a o MGMS.DA
MGMS.DP MGMS.DA Repo [de s a e] TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
8 Send Da a:
DER s a e
MGMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed
da a o MGMS.DM
MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Repo [de s a e] TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
9 S o e Da a:
DER s a e
MGMS.DM ansmi s he epo
checked by MGMS.DP o
MGMS.DBM
MGMS.DM MGMS.DBM Reques o s o e da a
[de s a e]
Repo [de s a e]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
10 Reques Da a:
DER Flexibili y
Fo ecas
MGMS.DM eques DER
Flexibili y Fo ecas epo
MGMS.DM MGMS.RV Reques signal [de
lexibili y o ecas ]
Repo [de s a e]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
11 Calcula ions:
DER Flexibili y
Fo ecas
MGMS.DP c ea es DER
Flexibili y Fo ecas
MGMS.RV MGMS.RV No in o ma ion
exchange
12 Upda e Da a:
DER Flexibili y
Fo ecas
MGMS.DP e u ns he epo da a
o MGMS.DM
MGMS.DP MGMS.DM Repo [de
lexibili y o ecas ]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
13 S o e Da a:
DER Flexibili y
Fo ecas
MGMS.DM ans e s he
p ocessed da a o MGMS.DBM
MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Reques signal o
s o e da a [de
lexibili y o ecas ]
Repo [de
lexibili y o ecas ]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
11
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io
Scena io
Name :
Al e na i e scena io 1: E en based publishing
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s
ID
3a1 E en
based
Da a
Upda e:
DER
s a e
DER.IED p ocesses and analyses he da a,
hen gene a es a new epo ha will be
ansmi ed o he MGMS.DA i DER s a e
has changed
DER.IED DER.IED No in o ma ion
exchange
Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 2: Reques ing DER s a es sequen ially
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s ID
3b1 Reques
Da a:
DER s a e
MGMS.DA eques s a da a
epo om DER.IED
MGMS.DA DER.IED Reques signal
[de s a e]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 1: Reques ing DER s a es ails
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s
ID
1 Reques ing DER
s a es
Reques s a e sen om Mic og id
Managemen Sys em's unc ion 'Da a
Aquisi ion' o a DER ha can/need
o be que ied.
MGMS.DA None o a
DER
None o a
eques o
DER's s a e
2 An e o occu es
be ween sending a
eques and
ecei eng a
esponse
The eason may be any hing om
in e ne ne wo k ope a ion aul s o
DER ope a ion aul s. The esul is
he message ( he eques o he
esponse) is los .
3 Mic og id ope a o
does no ecei e a
esponse
Mic og id ope a o does no ecei e
a esponse abou DERs' s a es.
None None
4a Reques ing he s a e
o a DER again
Reques ing he s a e o a DER again
(migh no end in ecei ing he DER
s a e)
4b P edic ing a DER
s a e
Using a p edic ion o he DER s a e
e.g. based on his o ical beha iou
His o ical
da a/S a e
p edic o
algo i hm
Mic og id
ope a o
DER s a e
p edic ion
Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 2: Publising a DER s a e ails
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s
12
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
ID
1 T igge o
b oadcas
The s a e o a DER changes ( ha should be
a igge publishing) o iming sequence
In e nal DER
moni o ing
In e nal DER
s a e
2 E o occu es
ha p ohibi s he
DER s a e epo
o be ecei ed
The eason may be any hing om in e ne
ne wo k ope a ion aul s o DER ope a ion
aul s.
3 Mic og id does
no ecei e a
epo
Mic og id Managemen Sys em's unc ion
'Da a Aquisi ion' does no ecei e a epo
abou DER s a e change
None
4a Mic og id knows
ha a imed
epo is no
ecei ed
Mic og id Managemen Sys em knows ha
a imed epo is no ecei ed ha an e o
occu ed in epo o ing
None
4b Mic og id does
no know abou
DER s a e change
Mic og id Managemen Sys em does no
know abou DER s a e change since
Mic og id Managemen Sys em's unc ion
'Da a Aquisi ion' has no ecei ed any
epo s ( ha a e no based on ime
sequence)
None
13

Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Moni o ing (Agg ega o ) de ailed
1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case
Name o Use Case
Real- ime moni o ing o mic og ids by Agg ega o (RTMM)
Ve sion Managemen
Changes / Ve sion Da e Name
Au ho (s) o
Commi ee
Domain
Expe
P ima y,
addi ional
A ea o
Expe ise /
Domain / Role
Ti le App o al S a us
d a , o
commen s, o
o ing, inal
Ve sion 0.1:
Technical pa o he use case
17.11.2017 Au ho : Aleksei
Mashlako (LUT)
Re iewe s:
Ville Tikka
Samuli Honkapu o
P ima y Ene gy expe s,
co e eam
Fi s
d a
D a o commen s
Ve sion 0.2:
Re ised e sion o 0.1
(adjus ed e minology and
a chi ec u e)
04.01.2018 Aleksei Mashlako
(LUT)
P ima y Co e eam Second
d a
D a o e iew
Ve sion 0.3:
Re iew based on he
commen s.
26.03.2018 Aleksei Mashlako
(LUT)
P ima y Co e eam Final Final
Ve sion 0.4: P ima y IT expe s
Basic In o ma ion o Use Case
Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use
Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case
Clus e Highe Le el Use Case
Moni o Flexibili y managemen o Mic og ids
Ma u i y o Use Case
Unde de elopmen
P io i iza ion
High
14
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion
Gene ic
View - Technical / Business
Technical
Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion
Real- ime moni o ing
Scope and Objec i es o Use Case
Scope o Func ion
The use case consis s in moni o ing o agg ega ed da a abou lexibili y po en ial and ese e e i ica ion o mic og ids by
agg ega o . The lexibili y da a include supply and demand lexibili y po en ial a he poin o common coupling (PCC) on di e en
ime scales. The e i ica ion da a con ain cu en ope a ional poin o ac i a ed mic og id lexibili y. Moni o ing o de ailed
echnical da a wi hin mic og ids by agg ega o is ou o he scope o his use case. The use case e eals only moni o ing o lowe
le el da a wi hou i u he analysis, e c.
Objec i es o Func ion
The lexibili y da a a e needed by agg ega o o es ima e he a ailable lexible esou ces ha could be o e ed o he lexibili y o
ese e ma ke s o maximize inancial p o i s o mic og id lexibili y. The e i ica ion da a a e mainly needed by agg ega o o
e i y he deli e y o p omised se ice and ge inancial ewa d.
Na a i e o Use Case
Sho desc ip ion
Moni o ing by agg ega o is pe o med by subsc ip ion o he upda es o agg ega ed lexibili y po en ial o mic og ids o di e en
ime pe iods as well as o ese e e i ica ion o mic og ids. Agg ega o hen combines hese eal- ime ( ese e e i ica ion) da a
and also analyses o ecas ed ( lexibili y po en ial) da a o use hem on lexibili y and/o ese e ma ke s wi h maximum inancial
p o i .
“Real- ime” in his con ex could mean some hing in be ween 1 millisecond and some minu es (so eal- ime).
Comple e desc ip ion
Accu a e moni o ing and o ecas ing o mic og id lexibili y a e he basic p ocesses o agg ega o ha allow him o achie e
sus ainable business p o i on lexibili y/ ese e ma ke s by:
Composing igh ma ke s a egy
Dec easing he amoun o elec ici y imbalance
Ve i ica ion o he con ac p omises
Sha ing he income be ween he pa icipan s in a ai way
This use case p esen s he equi ed in e aces o ope a ion o he RTMM.
Agg ega o p esen ed in his in e ace by agg ega o managemen sys em (AMS) di ec ly in e ac s wi h mic og id managemen
sys ems (MGMSs) om whe e i ecei es new published epo s wi h necessa y da a, p ocesses hem, and u ilizes i o e i ica ion
o lexibili y/ ese e ma ke bids.
Da a conside ed by he use case a e:
Fo ecas ed alues o supply and demand lexibili y po en ial (e e y cycle ~ 15 min) o ma ke planning
So eal- ime da a used o e i ica ion o con ol commands/ equency egula ion
The da a publishing o MGMS can happen pe iodically, based on e en / h eshold c ossed o eques . The i s wo subsc ip ion
igge s can complemen each o he i ope a ing oge he (e.g. i da a sha ing e e y minu e, he e en upda e can happen du ing his
minu e).
15
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Ac o s: De ailed Te minology
Ac o Name Ac o
Type
Ac o Desc ip ion Fu he in o ma ion speci ic o his Use
Case
AMS Sys em Agg ega o Managemen Sys em
AMS.DM Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen
AMS.DBM Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Base
Managemen
AMS.DA Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion
AMS.DP Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a P ocessing
DMS Sys em Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em
DMS.DA Func ion Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion
MGMS Sys em Mic og id Managemen Sys em
MGMS.DM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen
MGMS.DBM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Base Managemen
MGMS.DT Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission
MGMS.FO Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Flexibili y Op imiza ion
Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s
Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law,
s anda d, o he s
Cus ome -owned dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces
(DERs) in o ma ion
Da a om cus ome -owned DERs is equi ed as inpu o
he AMS.
P e-condi ion: MGMS has all he igh s/con ac s o
sha e in e nal da a o AMS.
P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s
Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/Con ac T igge ing E en P e-condi ions Assump ion Pos -condi ions
AMS The sys em is up and unning.
MGMS The sys em is up and unning.
Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable)
Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us
Gene al Rema ks
Gene al Rema ks
16
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case
17
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
DMS.DA acqui es i
2 Da a is acqui ed by
DMS.DA
DMS.DA ans e s he
ecei ed epo o DMS.DM
DMS.DA DMS.DM Repo (Execu ed
egula ion)
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
3 Da a is deli e ed o
DMS.DM
DMS.DM ans e s he
ecei ed epo o DMS.AV
DMS.DM DMS.AV Repo (Execu ed
egula ion)
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
4 Da a is deli e ed o
DMS.AV
Repo is e i ied by DMS.AV
and ans e ed back o
DMS.DM
DMS.AV DMS.DM Ve i ied epo TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
5a Ve i ied epo is
ans e ed o DMS.DM
Repo is ans e ed o
Da abase Managemen
DMS.DM DMS.DBM Ve i ied epo TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
5b Acknowledgemen is
ans e ed o DMS.DM
Acknowledgemen epo o
app o ed DER ope a ion is
ans e ed o DMS.DA
DMS.DM DMS.DA Acknowledgemen
epo
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
6a Ve i ied epo is eady
o be ans e ed o
da abase
Repo is s o ed in o da abase DMS.DBM DMS.DB Ve i ied epo TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
6b Acknowledgemen is
ans e ed o DMS.DA
Acknowledgemen epo o
app o ed DER ope a ion is
sen o AMS.DT
DMS.DA AMS.DT Acknowledgemen
epo
TT1, TR4,
SA4, A0
S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io
Scena io
Name :
AS1: No mal sequence
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o
P ocess/Ac i i y
In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical Requi e-
men s ID
24

Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
FCR (Mic og id ope a o ) de ailed
1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case
Name o Use Case
F equency con ainmen ese e (FCR) by mic og id ope a o (MO)
Ve sion Managemen
Changes / Ve sion Da e Name
Au ho (s) o
Commi ee
Domain
Expe
P ima y,
addi ional
A ea o
Expe ise /
Domain / Role
Ti le App o al S a us
d a , o
commen s, o
o ing, inal
Ve sion 0.1:
Technical pa o he use case
17.11.2017 Au ho : Aleksei
Mashlako (LUT)
Re iewe s:
Ville Tikka
Samuli Honkapu o
P ima y Ene gy expe s,
co e eam
Fi s
d a
D a o
commen s
Ve sion 0.2:
(adjus ed e minology)
04.01.2018 Aleksei Mashlako
(LUT)
P ima y Co e eam Second
d a
D a o e iew
Ve sion 0.3: (Ha monizing
de ailed use cases wi h
Implemen a ion use case)
11.04.2018 Aleksei Mashlako
(LUT)
P ima y Co e eam Final Final
Basic In o ma ion o Use Case
Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use
Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case
Clus e Highe Le el Use Case
Moni o ing Flexibili y managemen o Mic og ids
Ma u i y o Use Case
Unde de elopmen
P io i iza ion
High
Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion
Gene ic
View - Technical / Business
25
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Technical
Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion
FCR, lexibili y managemen , mic og id managemen
Scope and Objec i es o Use Case
Scope o Func ion
The use case consis s in p ocess desc ip ion o main enance, ac i a ion, and e i ica ion o F equency Con ainmen
Rese e (FCR) by mic og id ope a o (MO).
Objec i es o Func ion
This use case allows MO o ob ain compensa ion o he FCR lexibili y se ices.
Na a i e o Use Case
Sho desc ip ion – max 3 sen ences
Ini ially, MO ca ies ou a lexibili y o ecas and hen ansmi s he da a o Agg ega o ha ies o sell his lexibili y on he hou ly
FCR ma ke . Then, i mic og id lexibili y was ese ed, MO p o ides equency con ol, collec s he da a abou ac i a ed and
main ained FCR o send hem o Agg ega o o e i ica ion.
Comple e desc ip ion
Ve i ica ion o he ac i a ion and main enance o he ese e capaci y is a pa o he Agg ega o 's esponsibili ies in on o he
o he ma ke pa ies. This unc ionali y is based on he MO epo s ha a e needed o:
check decla ed p omises o hese esou ces
 ai ly di ide e enue be ween esou ces o mic og ids pa icipa ing in FCR
p o ide p oo o wo k o upwa ds ma ke ac o s
On he Mic og id le el, se e al moni o ing de ices and sys ems a e needed o da a collec ion and equency con ol:
Sma me e s and senso s o signals acquisi ion and p ocessing by equency con olle (IED.FC) ha is he connec ion poin
o mic og id cus ome s/p osume s o mic og id managemen sys em (MGMS).
Agg ega o ha is p esen ed in his in e ace as a agg ega o managemen sys em (AMS) di ec ly in e ac s only wi h MGMSs om
whe e i ecei es new published epo s wi h necessa y da a.
Da a acquisi ion conside ed by he use case a e:
Time-s amped o equency synch onized agg ega ed lexibili y capaci y (kW) ac i a ed o main ained o FCR.
The e a e di e en scena ios how his in e ace could be implemen ed. The No mal Scena io 1 assumes ha da a abou FCR
main enance a e deli e ed o MGMS and consequen ly o AMS pe iodically whene e FCR ac i a ion ook place o no ( ime
based). In Al e na i e scena io 1, IED.FC deli e s da a o MGMS as well as MGMSs o AMS only in case o FCR ac i a ion
(e en based). Al e na i e scena io 2 p oposes o deli e da a o MGMS and AMS only in case o he eques .
The use case can be di ided in he ollowing pa s:
1. Flexibili y Fo ecas : MGMS de ines he a ailable lexibili y o he nex 36 hou s based on he wea he o ecas o Se ice
P o ide , his o ical da a o mic og id loads, e c.*
*The pa o he UC de o ed o he ini ial lexibili y moni o ing is omi ed since i is desc ibed in moni o ing UC.
2. Rese e No i ica ion: AMS no i ies MGMS abou he amoun o lexibili y needed o be main ained o FCR, MGMS ese es
necessa y olume o he esou ces gi ing co esponding con ol commands o IED.FC.
3. F equency con ol: Scheduled esou ces o mic og id p o ide equency suppo
4. Rese e Ve i ica ion: Scheduled esou ces o mic og id sha e he da a abou cu en ac ual olume o he ese e main ained
and ac i a ed o MGMS, MGMS analyzes he ob ained da a and e i ies ha con ol commands we e made in acco dance wi h
scheduled ese e no i ica ion, hen i sends hese da a o AMS.
26
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Ac o s: De ailed Te minology
Ac o Name Ac o Type Ac o Desc ip ion Fu he
in o ma ion
speci ic o his
Use Case
IED.FC De ice In elligen Elec onic De ice F equency Con olle
IED.SM De ice In elligen Elec onic De ice Sma Me e
MGMS Sys em Mic og id Managemen Sys em
MGMS.DA Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion
MGMS.DP Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a P ocessing
MGMS.DT Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission
MGMS.DM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen
MGMS.DBM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Base Managemen
Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s
Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law,
s anda d, o he s
Cus ome -owned dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces
(DERs) in o ma ion
Da a om cus ome -owned DERs is equi ed as
inpu o he MGMS.
P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s
Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/Con ac T igge ing E en P e-condi ions Assump ion Pos -condi ions
MGMS The sys em is up and unning.
IED.FC The de ice is up and unning.
IED.SM The de ice is up and unning.
Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable)
Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us
Gene al Rema ks
Gene al Rema ks
27
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case
28
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
29

Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
3 S ep by S ep Analysis o Use Case
Scena io No. P ima y
Ac o
T igge ing E en P e-Condi ion Pos -Condi ion
1.NS1: Rese e
No i ica ion
AMS AMS has ecei ed a bid
app o al om he Rese e
Ma ke .
MGMS has supplied AMS wi h
a ailable lexibili y and AMS
bids hese esou ces on a hou ly
Rese e Ma ke .
MGMS has sen he Rese e
No i ica ion o all necessa y
esou ces.
2. NS2: F equency
con ol
IED.FC De ia ion o equency mo e
han h eshold.
Rese e No i ica ion was
acknowledged by IED.FC.
Con ol ac ion was aken o
dec ease equency
de ia ion.
3. NS3: Rese e
Ve i ica ion
MGMS Pe iodically (e.g. e e y
minu e, e e y hou )
Da a o mic og id lexibili y
ac i a ed and main ained o
FCR is s o ed by
MGMS.DBM.
4.AS1: E en based
subsc ip ion epo
IED.FC IED.SM gene a es he epo
abou FCR main enance and
ac i a ion i FCR ac i a ion
ook place.
MGMS has subsc ibed o ime-
s amped lexibili y capaci y used
o FCR.
Da a o mic og id lexibili y
ac i a ed o FCR is s o ed
by MGMS.DBM.
5. AS2: Reques based
epo
AMS.DT DER.FC has ecei ed a
eques abou alida ion
epo om AMS.
MGMS was eques ed
e i ica ion epo .
Da a o mic og id lexibili y
ac i a ed and main ained o
FCR is s o ed by
MGMS.DBM.
6.AS3: Repo om
IED.FC ailed
MGMS.DT No da a we e acqui ed a e
a imeou o eques .
Reques was sen o IED.FC o
imeou is se led in case o
subsc ip ion.
Da a o mic og id lexibili y
ac i a ed and main ained
o FCR is no s o ed by
MGMS.DBM
S eps – No mal Sequence
Scena io Name : 1.NS1: Rese e No i ica ion
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s ID
*Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io
1 Upda e Da a:
Rese e
No i ica ion
AMS.DA sends an upda ed
Rese e No i ica ion epo o
AMS.DM
AMS.DA AMS.DM Repo [Rese e
No i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
2 Send Da a:
Rese e
No i ica ion
AMS.DM sends Rese e
No i ica ion epo o AMS.DT
AMS.DM AMS.DT Reques o send
[ ese e
no i ica ion]Repo
[ ese e no i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
3 POST Da a:
ese e
No i ica ion
AMS.DT publishes a epo o
MGMS.DA
AMS.DT MGMS.DA Repo [ ese e
no i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
4 Reques Da a:
Da a
Valida ion
MGMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a
o MGMS.DP
MGMS.DA MGMS.DP Send signal [da a
alida ion]
Repo [inpu da a]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
5 Calcula ions:
Da a
alida ion
MGMS.DP "check ou ines", ha
check o co ec ness,
meaning ulness, and secu i y o
da a ha a e inpu o he sys em.
MGMS.DP MGMS.DP No in o ma ion
exchange
6 Upda e Da a: MGMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed
da a o MGMS.DA
MGMS.DP MGMS.DA Repo [da a TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
30
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Da a
Valida ion
alida ion]
Ala m signal [da a
alida ion]
7 S o e Da a:
Rese e
No i ica ion
MGMS.DA ans e s he
p ocessed da a o MGMS.DBM o
s o e hem
MGMS.DA MGMS.DBM S o e signal [ ese e
no i ica ion]
Repo [ ese e
no i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
8 Send Da a:
Rese e
No i ica ion
MGMS.DM eques s MGMS.DT
o send ese e no i ica ion o
IED.FC
MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Send signal [ ese e
no i ica ion]
Repo [ ese e
no i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
9 POST Da a:
Rese e
No i ica ion
MGMS.DT sends da a o IED.FC MGMS.DT IED.FC Repo [ ese e
no i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
Scena io Name : 2.NS2:F equency con ol
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s ID
*Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io
1 Pe iodically
Reques Da a:
F equency
Measu emen s
IED.FC samples da a om IED.SM IED.FC IED.SM Reques signal
[ equency
measu emen s]
TT4, TR4, SA1, A5
2 Upda e Da a:
F equency
Measu emen s
IED.SM upda es he da a IED.SM IED.FC Repo
[ equency
measu emen s]
TT4, TR4, SA1, A5
3 Pe iodically
Calcula ions:
F equency
Con ol
IED.FC p ocesses and analyses he
da a, hen gene a es a new epo
ha will be ansmi ed o he
MGMS.DA
IED.FC IED.FC No in o ma ion
exchange
Scena io Name : 3.NS3: Rese e Ve i ica ion
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s ID
*Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io
1 Pe iodically
Reques Da a:
Ac i e Powe
( )
IED.FC eques s he da a om
IED.SM
IED.FC IED.SM Reques signal
[ac i e powe ( )]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
2 Da a Upda e:
Ac i e Powe
( )
IED.FC samples da a om IED.SM IED.SM IED.FC Repo [ac i e
powe ( )]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
3 POST Da a:
Ac i e Powe
( )
IED.FC publishes a epo , ha is
acqui ed by MGMS.DA
IED.FC MGMS.DA Repo [ac i e
powe ( )]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
4 Reques Da a:
P ocessed
Da a
MGMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a o
MGMS.DP
MGMS.DA MGMS.DP Reques o
p ocess da a
[ac i e powe ( )]
Repo [ac i e
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
31
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
powe ( )]
5 Calcula ions:
Da a
alida ion
MGMS.DP "check ou ines", ha
check o co ec ness,
meaning ulness, and secu i y o da a
ha a e inpu o he sys em.
MGMS.DP MGMS.DP No in o ma ion
exchange
6 Upda e Da a:
P ocessed
Da a
MGMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed da a
o MGMS.DA
MGMS.DP MGMS.DA Repo [ac i e
powe ( )]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
7 Send Da a:
Ac i e Powe
( )
MGMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed
da a o MGMS.DM
MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Repo [ac i e
powe ( )]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
8 S o e Da a:
Ac i e Powe
( )
MGMS.DM ansmi s he epo
checked by MGMS.DP o
MGMS.DBM
MGMS.DM MGMS.DBM Reques o s o e
da a [ac i e powe
( )]
Repo [ac i e
powe ( )]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
9 Reques Da a:
Rese e
Ve i ica ion
MGMS.DM eques Rese e
Ve i ica ion epo
MGMS.DM MGMS.RV Reques signal
[ ese e
e i ica ion]
Repo [ac i e
powe ( )]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
10 Calcula ions:
Rese e
Ve i ica ion
MGMS.DP c ea es Ve i ica ion
No i ica ion
MGMS.RV MGMS.RV No in o ma ion
exchange
11 Upda e Da a:
Rese e
Ve i ica ion
MGMS.DP e u ns he epo da a o
MGMS.DM
MGMS.DP MGMS.DM Repo [ ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
12 S o e Da a:
Rese e
Ve i ica ion
MGMS.DM ans e s he p ocessed
da a o MGMS.DBM
MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Reques signal o
send da a [ ese e
e i ica ion]
Repo [ ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io
Scena io Name : 4. AS1: E en based subsc ip ion epo
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s ID
2a1 E en
based/Th eshold
c ossed
Da a Upda e:
Ac i e Powe ( )
IED.SM p ocesses and analyses he
da a, hen gene a es a new epo ha
will be ansmi ed o he IED.FC i
h eshold was c ossed
IED.SM IED.FC Repo
[ac i e
powe ( )]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
Scena io
Name :
5. AS2: Reques based epo
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o
P ocess/Ac i i y
In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s ID
1-2a1 Reques
Da a:
Ac i e
Powe ( )
MGMS.DA eques s a da a
epo om IED.FC
MGMS.DA IED.FC Reques signal [ac i e
powe ( )]
1-2a2 POST IED.FC sends he da a o IED.FC MGMS.DA Repo [ac i e powe TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
32
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Da a:
Ac i e
Powe ( )
MGMS.DA ( )]
Scena io Name : 6. AS3: Repo om IED.FC ailed
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s ID
3a1 Da a
acquisi ion
ails
IED.FC could no ansmi a epo o
MGMS.DA because An e o occu ed
be ween end poin s
IED.FC MGMS.DA NONE
3a2 Da a
no i ica ion
MGMS.DA no i ies MGMS.DT ha
some IED.FC has no espond
MGMS.DA MGMS.DT No i ica ion,
Mic og id ID
3a3 Da a
acquisi ion
MGMS.DT sends eques o
MGMS.DA
MGMS.DT MGMS.DA S a e eques
33
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
sen o co esponding MOs.
4 Repo s o
di e en
mic og ids is
c ea ed
AMS.DT sends epo s o
hose mic og ids ha we e
included in he bid ha go
accep ed
AMS.DT MGMS.DA No i ica ion o
accep ed bid (ID, ime,
p ice)
TT1, TR4, SA4, A0
Scena io Name : PS3: Agg ega o agg ega es epo s om (possibly) se e al mic og ids abou load/p oduc ion uni 's
unc ioning and s o es i o Da abase in case o a need o e i ica ion.
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma io
n P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical Requi e-
men s ID
1 Da a abou
ope a ion o
ese e a ge s
a e pe iodically
e ie ed om
he MGMS
da abase
AMS.DA ecei es a epo om
MGMS.DT
MGMS.DT AMS.DA Time-se ies o
o ecas ed powe s and
ime-se ies o ac ual
powe s
TT1, TR4, SA4, A0
2 Da a is ecei ed
om (possibly)
se e al
mic og ids
AMS.DA ans e s he epo o
AMS.DM
AMS.DA AMS.DM Time-se ies o
o ecas ed powe s and
ime-se ies o ac ual
powe s
TT1, TR4, SA2, A0
3 Da a is
ans e ed o
AMS.DM
Da a is s o ed in AMS.DB AMS.DM AMS.DB Time-se ies o
o ecas ed powe s and
ime-se ies o ac ual
powe s
TT1, TR4, SA2, A0
S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io
Scena io Name : AS1: Sys em Ope a o (DSO) wan s a e i ica ion o he ope a ion o ese es ha ha e been ac i e.
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma io
n P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical Requi e-
men s ID
1 Need o FCR
e i ica ion is
ealized
DMS.DT sends a eques o
FCR e i ica ion
DMS.DT AMS.DA Reques o FCR epo TT1, TR4, SA4, A0
2 Reques is
ecei ed om
DMS.DT
AMS.DA ans e s he eques
o AMS.DM
AMS.DA AMS.DM Reques o FCR epo TT1, TR4, SA2, A0
3 Reques is
ans e ed o
AMS.DM
AMS.DM e ie es he epo
om Da abase
AMS.DM AMS.DB Reques o FCR epo TT1, TR4, SA2, A0
4 Repo is
ecei ed om
Da abase
AMS.DM ecei es he epo
om Da abase
AMS.DB AMS.DM FCR epo (Time-
se ies o o ecas ed
powe s and ime-se ies
o ac ual powe s)
TT1, TR4, SA2, A0
5 Repo is
ans e ed o
AMS.DM
AMS.DM ans es he epo in
ques ion o AMS.DT
AMS.DM AMS.DT FCR epo (Time-
se ies o o ecas ed
powe s and ime-se ies
o ac ual powe s)
TT1, TR4, SA2, A0
6 Repo is
ans e ed o
AMS.DT
AMS.DT sends he epo o
DSO (DMS.DA)
AMS.DT DMS.DA FCR epo (Time-
se ies o o ecas ed
powe s and ime-se ies
o ac ual powe s)
TT1, TR4, SA4, A0
40

Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
FCR (TSO) de ailed
1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case
Name o Use Case
F equency Con ainmen Rese e by TSO
Ve sion Managemen
Changes / Ve sion Da e Name
Au ho (s) o
Commi ee
Domain
Expe
P ima y,
addi ional
A ea o Expe ise /
Domain / Role
Ti le App o al S a us
d a , o commen s,
o o ing, inal
0.1 22.11.2017 Sami Repo (TUT) P ima y Co e eam Fi s
d a
D a o e iew
0.2
Ha monizing use case wi h
he sequence diag am
12.4.2018 Ma i A o (VTT) P ima y Co e eam Second
d a
D a o e iew
0.3
Technical equi emen s,
e ocusing o TSO
20.04.2018 Aleksei
Mashalko (LUT)
P ima y Co e eam Final Final
Basic In o ma ion o Use Case
Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use
Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case
Clus e - Moni o ing, con ol, ma ke Highe Le el Use Case
Con ol F equency Con ainmen
Ma u i y o Use Case – in business ope a ion, ealized in demons a ion p ojec , ealised in R&D, in p epa a ion,
isiona y
Realized in R&D
P io i iza ion
Medium
Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion
Gene ic
View - Technical / Business
Technical
Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion
41
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
F equency Con ainmen , Rese e Ma ke , Flexibili y Managemen
Scope and Objec i es o Use Case
Scope o Func ion
This use case consis s o main enance, ac i a ion and e i ica ion o F equency Con ainmen Rese e by T ansmission Sys em
Ope a o (TSO)
Objec i es o Func ion
This use case enables TSO o main ain and ope a e F equency Con ainmen Rese e wi h low-cos ese es o mic og ids in o de
o con inuously main ain he necessa y balance be ween powe consump ion and p oduc ion.
Na a i e o Use Case
Sho desc ip ion – max 3 sen ences
T ansmission Sys em Ope a o pu chases lexible capaci y om Rese e Ma ke Pla o m in o de o main ain he powe balance in
he g id. A e wa ds, he ese e owne s send e i ica ion o he egula ion o TSO ia Agg ega o .
Comple e desc ip ion
This use case illus a es a scena io, whe e TSO uses low-cos ese es o mic og ids as a F equency Con ainmen Rese e (FCR).
In hese case TSO:
de e mines how much F equency Con ainmen Rese e (FCR) i will need o he u u e - Rese e Alloca ion
acqui es ha FCR om Rese e Ma ke Pla o m (RMP) - Rese e No i ica ion
moni o s he ope a ion o i s ese e a ge s - Rese e Ve i ica ion
TSO is ep esen ed as ene gy managemen sys em (EMS). I in e ac s wi h ese e ma ke pla o m (RMP) and agg ega o
managemen sys em (AMS).
Ac o s: De ailed Te minology
Ac o Name
see De ailed
Te minology Lis
Ac o Type
see De ailed
Te minology Lis
Ac o Desc ip ion
see De ailed Te minology Lis
Fu he in o ma ion
speci ic o his Use Case
EMS Sys em Ene gy Managemen Sys em
EMS.DA Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion
EMS.DT Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission
EMS.DM Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen
EMS.RV Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Rese e Ve i ica ion
EMS.RA Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Rese e Alloca ion
EMS.DBM Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Da a Base Managemen
RMP Ma ke Pla o m Rese e Ma ke Pla o m
RMP.DA Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a Acquisi ion
RMP.DMB Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a Base Managemen
RMP.DM Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a Managemen
RMP.DT Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a T ansmission
RMP.MO Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Ma ke Ope a ions
42
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
RMP.MOP Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Me i O de Placemen
RMP.DP Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a P ocessing
AMS Sys em Agg ega o Managemen Sys em
AMS.DM Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen
AMS.DP Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a P ocessing
AMS.DT Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission
AMS.DBM Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Base
Managemen
DMS Sys em Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em
DMS.DT Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission
DMS.DM Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen
DMS.SF Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em S a e Fo ecas
Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s
Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law, s anda d, o he s
P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s
Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/Con ac T igge ing E en P e-condi ions Assump ion Pos -condi ions
AMS The sys em is up and unning
EMS The sys em is up and unning
RMP The pla o m is up and unning
Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable)
Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us
Gene al Rema ks
Gene al Rema ks
43
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case
44
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
45

Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
3 S ep by S ep Analysis o Use Case
Scena io No. P ima y
Ac o
T igge ing E en P e-Condi ion Pos -Condi ion
P ima y scena io 1:
Rese e Alloca ion
EMS Pe iodically be o e he nex
ma ke cycle.
TSO equi es addi ional
esou ces o hou ly ese e
ma ke .
The ese e alloca ion da a is
deli e ed o RMP.
P ima y scena io 2:
Rese e No i ica ion
RMP Pe iodically be o e he nex
ma ke cycle.
TSO has alloca ed he olume o
he esou ces equi ed o hou ly
ese e ma ke .
TSO is no i ied abou
pu chased ese es o hou ly
ese e ma ke .
P ima y scena io 3:
Rese e Ve i ica ion
AMS Time based epo TSO has pu chased some FCR
om he RMP.
TSO has ecei ed
e i ica ion abou ope a ion
o ese e a ge s.
Al e na i e scena io
1:
Rese e Ve i ica ion
AMS E en based epo TSO has pu chased some FCR
om he RMP.
TSO has ecei ed
e i ica ion abou ope a ion
o ese e a ge s.
Al e na i e scena io
2:Rese e
Ve i ica ion
EMS Reques o he epo TSO has pu chased some FCR
om he RMP.
TSO has ecei ed
e i ica ion abou ope a ion
o ese e a ge s.
Al e na i e scena io
3:Rese e
No i ica ion
RMP Be o e he nex ma ke cycle
RMP eques alida ion om
DMS.
The capaci y limi o he
esou ces om he speci ic a ea
is exceeded.
RMP ecei es alida ion o
esou ce ac i a ion.
S eps – No mal Sequence
Scena io Name : P ima y scena io 1: Rese e Alloca ion
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s
ID
*Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io
1 Reques Da a:
Rese e
Alloca ion
EMS.DM eques s Rese e
Alloca ion epo om EMS.RA
EMS.DM EMS.RA Reques signal [ ese e
alloca ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
2 Calcula ions:
Rese e
Alloca ion
EMS.RA calcula es Rese e
Alloca ion epo
EMS.RA EMS.RA No in o ma ion
exchange
3 Upda e Da a:
Rese e
Alloca ion
EMS.RA sends an upda ed
Rese e Alloca ion epo o
EMS.DM
EMS.RA EMS.DM Repo [ ese e
alloca ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
4 Send Da a:
Rese e
Alloca ion
EMS.DM sends Rese e Alloca ion
epo o EMS.DT
EMS.DM EMS.DT Reques o send [ ese e
alloca ion]Repo
[ ese e alloca ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
5 POST Da a:
Rese e
Alloca ion
EMS.DT publishes a epo o
RMP.DA
EMS.DT RMP.DA Repo [ ese e
alloca ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
6 Reques Da a:
Da a
Valida ion
RMP.DA ans e s an inpu da a o
RMP.DP
RMP.DA RMP.DP Send signal [da a
alida ion]
Repo [inpu da a]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
7 Calcula ions:
Da a
RMP.DP "check ou ines", ha
check o co ec ness,
meaning ulness, and secu i y o
da a ha a e inpu o he sys em.
RMP.DP RMP.DP No in o ma ion
exchange
46
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
alida ion
8 Upda e Da a:
Da a
Valida ion
RMP.DP e u ns he p ocessed da a
o RMP.DA
RMP.DP RMP.DA Repo [da a alida ion]
Ala m signal [da a
alida ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
9 S o e Da a:
Rese e
Alloca ion
MGMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed
da a o MGMS.DBM o s o e hem
RMP.DA RMP.DBM S o e signal [ ese e
alloca ion]
Repo [ ese e
alloca ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
Scena io Name: P ima y scena io 2: Rese e No i ica ion
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion Exchanged Technical
Requi emen s
ID
*Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io
1 Reques Da a:
Me i O de
Lis
RMP.DM eques s me i o de lis
om RMP.MOP
RMP.DM RMP.MOP Reques signal [me i
o de lis ]
Repo [O e s]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
2 Calcula ions:
Me i O de
Placemen
RMP.MOP calcula es Me i O de
Lis
RMP.MOP RMP.MOP No in o ma ion exchange
3 Upda e Da a:
Me i O de
Lis
RMP.MOP upda es Me i O de
Lis o RMP.DM
RMP.MOP RMP.DM Repo [me i o de lis ] TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
4 Reques Da a:
Rese e
No i ica ion
RMP.DM eques s Rese e
No i ica ion om RMP.MO
RMP.DM RMP.MO Reques signal [ ese e
no i ica ion]
Repo [me i o de lis ]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
5 Calcula ions:
Rese e
No i ica ion
RMP.MO calcula es Rese e
No i ica ion
RMP.MO RMP.MO No in o ma ion exchange
6 Upda e Da a:
Rese e
No i ica ion
RMP.MO upda es Rese e
No i ica ion o RMP.DM
RMP.MO RMP.DM Repo [ ese e
no i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
7 Send Da a:
Rese e
No i ica ion
RMP.DM sends Rese e
No i ica ion epo o RMP.DT
RMP.DM RMP.DT Reques o send [ ese e
no i ica ion]Repo
[ ese e no i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
8 POST Da a:
ese e
No i ica ion
RMP.DT publishes a epo o
EMS.DA
RMP.DT EMS.DA Repo [ ese e
no i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
9 Reques Da a:
Da a
Valida ion
EMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a
o EMS.DP
EMS.DA EMS.DP Send signal [da a
alida ion]
Repo [inpu da a]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
10 Calcula ions:
Da a
alida ion
EMS.DP "check ou ines", ha
check o co ec ness,
meaning ulness, and secu i y o
da a ha a e inpu o he sys em.
EMS.DP EMS.DP No in o ma ion exchange
11 Upda e Da a:
Da a
Valida ion
EMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed
da a o EMS.DA
EMS.DP EMS.DA Repo [da a alida ion]
Ala m signal [da a
alida ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
12 S o e Da a:
Rese e
No i ica ion
EMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed
da a o EMS.DBM o s o e hem
EMS.DA EMS.DBM S o e signal [ ese e
no i ica ion]
Repo [ ese e
no i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
47
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Scena io Name: P ima y scena io 3: Rese e Ve i ica ion
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s
ID
*Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io
1 Reques Da a:
MGs Rese e
Ve i ica ion
AMS.DM pe iodically eques s he
epo om AMS.DBM
AMS.DM AMS.DBM Reques signal
[mgs ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
2 Upda e Da a:
MGs Rese e
Ve i ica ion
AMS.DBM ansmi s an upda ed epo
o AMS.DM
AMS.DBM MGMS.DM Repo [mgs
ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
3 Send Da a:
MGs Rese e
Ve i ica ion
AMS.DM ans e s a epo o
AMS.DT
AMS.DM AMS.DT Send signal o send
[mgs ese e
e i ica ion]
Repo [mgs
ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
4 POST Da a:
MGs Rese e
Ve i ica ion
AMS.DT POST a epo o AMS.DA AMS.DT EMS.DA Repo [mgs
ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
5 Reques Da a:
Da a
Valida ion
EMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a o
EMS.DP
EMS.DA EMS.DP Send signal [da a
alida ion]
Repo [inpu da a]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
6 Calcula ions:
Da a alida ion
EMS.DP "check ou ines", ha check
o co ec ness, meaning ulness, and
secu i y o da a ha a e inpu o he
sys em.
EMS.DP EMS.DP No in o ma ion
exchange
7 Upda e Da a:
Da a
Valida ion
EMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed da a o
EMS.DA
EMS.DP EMS.DA Repo [da a
alida ion]
Ala m signal [da a
alida ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
8 S o e Da a:
Inpu Da a
EMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed da a
o EMS.DBM o s o e hem
EMS.DA EMS.DBM S o e signal [Inpu
da a]
Repo [da a
alida ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
9 Reques Da a:
Rese e
Ve i ica ion
EMS.DM eques Rese e Ve i ica ion
epo
EMS.DM EMS.RV Reques signal
[ ese e
e i ica ion]
Repo [mgs
ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
10 Calcula ions:
Rese e
Ve i ica ion
EMS.DP c ea es Ve i ica ion
No i ica ion
EMS.RV EMS.RV No in o ma ion
exchange
11 Upda e Da a:
Rese e
Ve i ica ion
EMS.DP e u ns he epo da a o
EMS.DM
EMS.DP EMS.DM Repo [ ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
12 S o e Da a:
Rese e
Ve i ica ion
EMS.DM ans e s he p ocessed da a
o EMS.DBM
EMS.DM EMS.DT Reques signal o
send da a [ ese e
e i ica ion]
Repo [ ese e
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
48
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
e i ica ion]
S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io
Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 1: Rese e Ve i ica ion
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s
ID
2a1 E en
based/Th eshold
c ossed
Da a Upda e:
MGs Rese e
Ve i ica ion
AMS.DBM p ocesses and analyses he
da a, hen gene a es a new epo ha
will be ansmi ed o he AMS.DM i
h eshold was c ossed
AMS.DBM AMS.DM Repo [mgs
ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 2: Rese e Ve i ica ion
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o
P ocess/Ac i i y
In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s ID
1-4a1 GET Da a:
MGs Rese e
Ve i ica ion
EMS.DA eques s a da a epo
om AMS.DT
EMS.DA AMS.DT Reques signal [mgs
ese e e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA4 A0
1-4a2 Reques Da a:
MGs Rese e
Ve i ica ion
AMS.DT eques s MGs
Rese e Ve i ica ion om
AMS.DBM
AMS.DT AMS.DBM Reques signal [mgs
ese e e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
1-4a3 Reques Da a:
MGs Rese e
Ve i ica ion
AMS.DBM e ie es he da a
om AMS.DB
AMS.DBM AMS.DB Reques signal [mgs
ese e e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
1-4a4 Upda e Da a:
MGs Rese e
Ve i ica ion
AMS.DM e ie es he da a
om AMS.DB
AMS.DB AMS.DBM Repo [mgs ese e
e i ica ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2 A0
Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 3: Rese e No i ica ion
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o
P ocess/Ac i i y
In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion Exchanged Technical
Requi emen s
ID
*Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io
1 Reques Da a:
Rese e
Valida ion
RMP.DM eques s Rese e
Valida ion epo om
RMP.DA
RMP.DM RMP.DA Reques signal [ ese e
alida ion]
Repo [o e s lis ]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
2 GET Da a:
Rese e
Valida ion
RMP.DA eques s Rese e
Valida ion epo om
DMS.DT
RMP.DA DMS.DT Reques signal [ ese e
alida ion]
Repo [o e s lis ]
TT1 TR4 SA4
A0
3 Reques Da a:
Rese e
Valida ion
DMS.DT impo s he da a o
DMS.DM
DMS.DT DMS.DM Reques signal [ ese e
alida ion]
Repo [o e s lis ]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
4 Reques Da a:
Rese e
Valida ion
DMS.DM eques s Rese e
Valida ion epo om
DMS.CV
DMS.DM DMS.CV Reques signal [ ese e
alida ion]
TT1 TR4 SA2
A0
49
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
been accep ed on he
ma ke
no i ica ion om Agg ega o o
accep ed bid
(up- o down egula ion,
amoun (MW), ime
pe iod, p ice, loca ion)
SA4, A0
2 MGMS.DA has
ecei ed he accep ed
bid
MGMS.DA ans e s he
no i ica ion o MGMS.DM
MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Regula ion in o ma ion
(up- o down egula ion,
amoun (MW), ime
pe iod, p ice, loca ion)
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
3 MGMS.DM has
ecei ed he accep ed
bid
MGMS.DM eads he
no i ica ion and gene a es
sepa a e no i ica ions o be sen
o p ope CEMS's ia
MGMS.DT
MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Regula ion in o ma ion
(up- o down egula ion,
amoun (MW), ime
pe iod, p ice, loca ion)
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
4 Accep ed bid is
sepa e ed in o single
no i ica ions
conce ning sepa a e
CEMSs
MGMS.DT sends he
no i ica ions o p ope CEMS's
MGMS.DT CEMS Regula ion in o ma ion
(up- o down egula ion,
amoun (MW), ime
pe iod, p ice, loca ion)
TT1, TR4,
SA4, A0
Scena io Name : PS3: Ac i a ion o CRP egula ion
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi e-
men s ID
1 No i ica ion MO ecei es ac i a ion no i ica ion
om Agg ega o o accep ed bid
AMS.DT MGMS.DA Con ol
command
TT3, TR4,
SA4, A2
2 MGMS.DA has
ecei ed no i ica ion
o accep ed bid
MGMS.DA sends he no i ica ion
o MGMS.DM
MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Con ol
command
TT3, TR4,
SA2, A2
3 No i ica ion is send o
MGMS.DM
MGMS.DM sends he no i ica ion
o MGMS.DT o dis ibu ion o
p ope CEMSs
MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Con ol
command
TT3, TR4,
SA2, A2
4 No i ica ion is send o
MGMS.DT
MGMS.DT dis ibu es he con ol
commands o CEMSs based on he
ac i a ion no i ica ions.
MGMS.DT CEMS Con ol
command
TT3, TR4,
SA4, A2
5 CEMS has execu ed
he egula ion
CEMS sends e i ica ion o
egula ion o MGMS.DA
CEMS MGMS.DA Ve i ica ion TT1, TR4,
SA4, A0
6 MGMS.DA has
ecei ed e i ica ion
o egula ion
MGMS.DA sends e i ica ion o
egula ion o MGMS.DM
MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Ve i ica ion TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
7 MGMS.DM has
ecei ed e i ica ion
o egula ion
MGMS.DM c ea es summa y epo
o e i ica ion no i ica ions and
sends i o MGMS.DT
MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Ve i ica ion TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
8 MGMS.DT has
ecei ed e i ica ion
o egula ion
MGMS.DT sends he summa y
epo o e i ica ions o AMS.DA
MGMS.DT AMS.DA Ve i ica ion TT1, TR4,
SA4, A0
56

Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
DSO lexibili y (Agg ega o ) de ailed
1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case
Name o Use Case
Ve sion Managemen
Changes / Ve sion Da e Name
Au ho (s) o
Commi ee
Domain
Expe
P ima y,
addi ional
A ea o Expe ise /
Domain / Role
Ti le App o al S a us
d a , o commen s,
o o ing, inal
0.1 24.11.2017 Au ho :
Ville Tuominen
(TUT)
P ima y Co e eam Fi s
d a
D a o e iew
0.2 5.1.2018 Ville Tuominen
(TUT)
P ima y Co e eam Second
d a
D a o e iew
0.3
Ha monizing De ailed UC wi h
sequence diag am
9.4.2018 Ma i A o (VTT) P ima y Co e eam Thi d
d a
D a o e iew
0.4
Added Sequence Diag ams and
Technical Requi emen s
23.4.2018 Ma i A o (VTT) P ima y Co e eam Final Final
Basic In o ma ion o Use Case
Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use
Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case
Clus e - Moni o ing, con ol, ma ke Highe Le el Use Case
Con ol Flexibili y managemen
Ma u i y o Use Case
Unde de elopmen
P io i isa ion
High
Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion
Gene ic
View
Technical
57
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion
Flexibili y se ices, dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces
Scope and Objec i es o Use Case
Scope o Func ion
This use case desc ibes how Agg ega o ope a es as an in e media y be ween Mic og id Ope a o (MO) and Flexibili y Ma ke
Pla o m (FMP) (and DSO) enabling MO o pa icipa e in he Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m wi hou di ec con ac he e.
Objec i es o Func ion
Objec i e o Agg ega o he e is o pa icipa e in he FMP wi h a po olio ha includes Dis ibu ed Ene gy Resou ces (DERs)
possibly om se e al mic og ids.
Na a i e o Use Case
Sho desc ip ion – max 3 sen ences
Use case desc ibes he ole o Agg ega o in ading o lexible esou ces be ween Mic og id Ope a o and Flexibili y Ma ke
Pla o m.
Comple e desc ip ion
This use case shows equi ed in e aces and unc ionali ies o Agg ega o o ade lexibili y se ices be ween MO and FMP.
Mic og id Ope a o p o ides i s lexible esou ces o Agg ega o who hen c ea es bids ou o (possibly) se e al mic og ids.
In his use case all he communica ion and in e ac ion be ween MO, FMP and DSO is assumed o go h ough he Agg ega o .
Ac o s: De ailed Te minology
Ac o Name
see De ailed
Te minology Lis
Ac o Type
see De ailed
Te minology Lis
Ac o Desc ip ion
see De ailed Te minology Lis
Fu he
in o ma ion speci ic
o his Use Case
AMS IT sys em Agg ega o Managemen Sys em
AMS.DB Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Base
AMS.DT Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission
AMS.DA Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion
AMS.TS Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em T ading Sys em
DMS IT sys em Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em
DMS.DA Func ion Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion
DMS.DT Func ion Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission
FMP IT Pla o m Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m
FMP.DA Func ion Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m Da a Acquisi ion
MGMS IT sys em Mic og id Managemen Sys em
MGMS.DA Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion
MGMS.DT Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission
58
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s
Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law, s anda d, o he s
P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s
Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/Con ac T igge ing E en P e-condi ions Assump ion Pos -condi ions
AMS The sys em is up and unning
DMS The sys em is up and unning
MGMS The sys em is up and unning
Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable)
Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us
Gene al Rema ks
Gene al Rema ks
The ocus is in Condi ional Re-P o iling (CRP)
2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case
59
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
3 S ep by S ep Analysis o Use Case
Scena io No. P ima y
Ac o
T igge ing E en P e-Condi ion Pos -Condi ion
P ima y scena io 1:
Agg ega o p o ides CRP
bids o Flexibili y Ma ke
Pla o m (FMP)
AMS.DA Pe iodically be o e ga e closu e. Mic og id(s) has lexible
esou ces o be p o ided in
FMP.
Bids a e sen o FMP
P ima y scena io 2:
Agg ega o 's bid(s) ge s
accep ed in FMP
AMS.DA Viola ion o powe quali y was
o ecas ed by DSO and hus
Agg ega o s bid(s) is accep ed om
he FMP.
Agg ega o has p o ided
bid(s) o FMP.
In o ma ion abou
accep ed bid(s) is
sen o MO.
60
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
P ima y scena io 3:
Agg ega o 's bid(s) ge s
ac i a ed by DSO
AMS.DA Viola ion o powe quali y was
de ec ed by DSO and ac i a ion
signal is ecei ed by Agg ega o .
Accepe ed bid(s) and he
esou ces i conce ns a e
eady o ac on command
Resou ces ha we e
ese ed a e
ac i a ed.
S eps – No mal Sequence
Scena io Name : PS1: Agg ega o p o ides CRP bids o Flexibili y Ma ke
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion Exchanged Technical
Requi e-
men s ID
1a Fo ecas upda e
Pe iodically
Se ice P o ide sends p ice
o ecas s o AMS.DA
SP AMS.DA P ice o ecas TT1, TR4,
SA4, A0
1b Flexibili y epo
Pe iodically
MGMS.DT sends pe iodically a
epo o he lexibili y o
AMS.DA
MGMS.DT AMS.DA Time se ies o a ailable up
and down lexibili y o e e y
cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe
[kW], Di ec ion (up/down),
Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion
ime [s])
TT1, TR4,
SA4, A0
2 Da a agg ega ion AMS.DA sends all ecei ed
lexibili y epo s o AMS.DM
o da a managemen
AMS.DA AMS.DM Time se ies o a ailable up
and down lexibili y o e e y
cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe
[kW], Di ec ion (up/down),
Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion
ime [s])
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
3 Da a
managemen
AMS.DM agg ega es
in o ma ion om all lexible
esou ces ha i has o he nex
ime pe iod and sends ha da a
o T ading Sys em o bid
c ea ion
AMS.DM AMS.TS Time se ies o a ailable up
and down lexibili y o e e y
cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe
[kW], Di ec ion (up/down),
Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion
ime [s])
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
4 Bid c ea ion AMS.TS c ea es lexibili y bids
o he ma ke s
AMS.TS AMS.TS Time se ies o a ailable up
and down lexibili y o
e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion,
Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/
down), Du a ion ime [s],
Ac i a ion ime [s],P ice [€/
MW])
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
5 Bids a e c ea ed
and eady o be
send o he
ma ke s
AMS.TS sends he bids o
AMS.DM o be sen o ma ke s
AMS.TS AMS.DM Time se ies o a ailable up
and down lexibili y o
e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion,
Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/
down), Du a ion ime [s],
Ac i a ion ime [s],P ice [€/
MW])
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
6 Bids a e c ea ed
and eady o be
send o he
ma ke s
AMS.DM sends he bids o
AMS.DT o be sen o ma ke s
AMS.DM AMS.DT Time se ies o a ailable up
and down lexibili y o
e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion,
Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/
down), Du a ion ime [s],
Ac i a ion ime [s],P ice [€/
MW])
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
7 Bid(s) is eady o
be sen o FMP
AMS.DT sends he o e o
FMP.DA
AMS.DT FMP.DA Time se ies o a ailable up
and down lexibili y o
e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion,
Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/
down), Du a ion ime [s],
Ac i a ion ime [s],P ice [€/
MW])
TT1, TR4,
SA4, A0
8 Con i ma ion FMP con i ms ha he bid(s) is FMP.DA AMS.DT FMP in o ms AMS abou TT1, TR4,
61

Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
no ice ecei ed in he ma ke place ecei ed bids SA4, A0
Scena io Name : PS2: Agg ega o 's bid(s) ge s accep ed in FMP
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi e-
men s ID
1 Bid is accep ed FMP sends no i ica ion o AMS ha
he bid is accep ed as a ese e o
CRP
FMP.DT AMS.DA No i ica ion o
accep ed bid (ID,
ime, p ice)
TT1, TR4,
SA4, A0
2 No i ica ion is
ecei ed
AMS.DA sends he no i ica ion o
Da a Managemen
AMS.DA AMS.DM No i ica ion o
accep ed bid (ID,
ime, p ice)
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
3 No i ica ion is sen
o Da a
Managemen
Da a Managemen sepa e es he
DERs o di e en mic og ids om
he bid o be sen o co esponding
MOs.
AMS.DM AMS.DT No i ica ion o
accep ed bid (ID,
ime, p ice)
TT1, TR4,
SA2, A0
4 Repo s o
di e en
mic og ids is
c ea ed
AMS.DT sends epo s o hose
mic og ids ha we e included in he
bid ha go accep ed
AMS.DT MGMS.DA No i ica ion o
accep ed bid (ID,
ime, p ice)
TT1, TR4,
SA4, A0
Scena io Name : PS3: Agg ega o 's bid(s) ge s ac i a ed by DSO
S ep
No.
E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion
P oduce
In o ma ion
Recei e
In o ma ion
Exchanged
Technical
Requi emen s
ID
1 Bid is ac i a ed DSO sends no i ica ion o AMS ha
he bid ha was accep ed o a ese e
now needs o be ac i a ed
DMS.DT AMS.DA No i ica ion o
ac i a ed bid (ID,
ime, p ice)
TT3, TR4, SA4,
A2
2 No i ica ion is
ecei ed
AMS.DA sends he no i ica ion o
Da a Managemen
AMS.DA AMS.DM No i ica ion o
ac i a ed bid (ID,
ime, p ice)
TT3, TR4, SA2,
A2
3 No i ica ion is sen
o Da a Managemen
Da a Managemen sepa e es he
DERs o di e en mic og ids om
he bid o be sen o co esponding
MOs.
AMS.DM AMS.DT No i ica ion o
ac i a ed bid (ID,
ime, p ice)
TT3, TR4, SA2,
A2
4 Repo s o di e en
mic og ids is c ea ed
AMS.DT sends ac i a ion commands
o hose mic og ids ha we e
included in he bid ha go ac i a ed
AMS.DT MGMS.DA No i ica ion o
ac i a ed bid (ID,
ime, p ice)
TT3, TR4, SA4,
A2
5 Regula ion is
execu ed inside
mic og ids
MO sends epo o ac i a ed
(execu ed) egula ions
MGMS.DT AMS.DA Repo / ime-
se ies
TT1, TR4, SA4,
A0
6 Repo o execu ed
egula ion om
(se e al) mic og id
is ecei ed
AMS.DA sends he epo o Da a
Managemen o epo agg ega ion
AMS.DA AMS.DM Repo / ime-
se ies
TT1, TR4, SA2,
A0
7 Repo s a e
agg ega ed in Da a
Managemen
Da a Managemen agg ega es epo s
om (possibly) se e al mic og ids
and c ea es one epo co esponding
he ini ial bid. Then sends i o Da a
T ansmission
AMS.DM AMS.DT Repo / ime-
se ies
TT1, TR4, SA2,
A0
8 Repo is eady o be
sen o DMS
AMS.DT sends he epo o
ac i a ed egula ions o DMS.DA
AMS.DT DMS.DA Repo / ime-
se ies
TT1, TR4, SA4,
A0
62
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
63
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
DSO lexibili y (DSO) de ailed
1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case
Name o Use Case
Flexibili y managemen o Mic og ids by DSO (FMM)
Ve sion Managemen
Changes / Ve sion Da e Name
Au ho (s) o
Commi ee
Domain
Expe
P ima y,
addi ional
A ea o Expe ise
/ Domain / Role
Ti le App o al S a us
d a , o
commen s, o
o ing, inal
Ve sion 0.1:
Technical pa o he use case
17.11.2017 Au ho : Aleksei
Mashlako (LUT)
Re iewe s:
Ville Tikka
Samuli Honkapu o
P ima y Ene gy expe s,
co e eam
Fi s
d a
D a o commen s
Ve sion 0.2:
(adjus ed e minology)
04.01.2018 Aleksei Mashlako
(LUT)
P ima y Co e eam Second
d a
D a o e iew
Ve sion 0.3:
(ha monizing de ailed use cases
wi h implemen a ion use case)
22.03.2018 Aleksei Mashlako
(LUT)
P ima y Co e eam Final Final
Basic In o ma ion o Use Case
Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use
Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case
Clus e Highe Le el Use Case
Con ol Flexibili y managemen
Ma u i y o Use Case
Unde de elopmen
P io i iza ion
High
Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion
64
Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases
Gene ic
View - Technical / Business
Technical
Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion
Powe quali y con ol, lexibili y managemen , mic og id con ol
Scope and Objec i es o Use Case
Scope o Func ion
This use case demons a es how Dis ibu ion Sys em Ope a o (DSO) in e ac s wi h bo h Flexibili y Ma ke Ope a o (FMO) in
o de o e alua e he easibili y o applica ions o lexible esou ces and Agg ega o o ac i a e lexibili y o mic og ids i
necessa y.
Objec i es o Func ion
This is needed by DSO o imp o e powe quali y in he ne wo k and op imize expenses in he condi ions o g id agmen a ion and
high DER adop ion.
Na a i e o Use Case
Sho desc ip ion – max 3 sen ences
This use case demons a es how DSO in e ac s wi h FMO and Agg ega o o imp o e powe quali y in he ne wo k by use o
lexibili y po en ial o mic og ids as condi ional e-p o iling (CRP) p oduc .
Comple e desc ip ion
Mic og id lexibili y as a lexibili y ma ke commodi y could each and balance he ollowing goals o DSO o scena ios o high
DER adop ion:
Mi iga ion o conges ions in he LV/MV ne wo ks
Handling amping issues
Reduc ion o he LV/MV ne wo k losses
Minimizing he load con ol ac ions and ap change ope a ions
Reducing he ol age iola ion a each node
Main ain equency s abili y wi hin he empo a y island ope a ion o dis ibu ion g id
This use case p o ides he equi ed in e aces o ope a ion o he DSO lexibili y managemen .
DSO is ep esen ed by he au oma ion sys em called Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em (DMS) ha can di ec ly in e ac wi h he
ollowing ac o s:
Agg ega o Managemen Sys em (AMS) ha dis ibu es capaci y con ol commands o DMS o mic og ids whose lexibili y
was pu chased in ad ance.
Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m (FMP) ha p o ides agg ega ed lexibili y po en ial in o ma ion o mic og ids and p ice bids o
ac i a ion o his capaci y.
The use case can be di ided on cycle ahead and eal- ime ac ions ha include ollowing pa s:
Pu chase o CRP p oduc : On he cycle-ahead pa DMS p o ides s a e o ecas o he g id and de ines possible powe
quali y iola ion. To p e en de e io a ion o he powe quali y, DMS eques s lis o lexibili y o e s om FMP ha
co esponds o DMS con ol a ea, hen DMS calcula es s a e op imiza ion, and pu chases CRP p oduc s by eques ing bids
om FMP.
Ac i a ion o pu chased CRP: On he eal- ime pa , DMS uses s a e es ima ion o he g id and, i he quali y de e io a ion
is de ec ed, i de ines op imal eal- ime se poin s (s a e op imiza ion) o mic og id lexibili y and sends ac i a ion
commands o mic og ids h ough AMS.
Ve i ica ion phase: Finally, he DMS is ecei ing e i ica ion epo s allowing o e i y he implemen a ion o sen
65