Final report: Integrated business platform of distributed energy resources – HEILA

Aleksei Mashlako , An i Keski-Koukka i, Aleksei Romanenko, Ville Tikka, Peyman Ja a y, An i Supponen, Joni Ma kkula, Ma i A o, Rina Abdu a iko , Anna Kulmala, Sami Repo, Samuli Honkapu o, Pe i Jä en aus a & Ja mo Pa anen Final epo : In eg a ed business pla o m o dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces – HEILA ISBN 978-952-335-420-3 (PDF) ISSN-L 2243-3376 ISSN 2243-3376 Lappeen an a 2019 LUT Scien i ic and Expe ise Publica ions LAPPEENRANNAN–LAHDEN TEKNILLINEN YLIOPISTO LUT LAPPEENRANTA–LAHTI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LUT LUT School o Ene gy Sys ems LUT Scien i ic and Expe ise Publica ions Tu kimus apo i – Resea ch Repo s Tu kimus apo i Resea ch Repo s 101 101 LUT-yliopis o LUT School o Ene gy Sys ems Tu kimus apo i 101 LUT Uni e si y LUT School o Ene gy Sys ems Resea ch epo 101 Aleksei Mashlako 1, An i Keski-Koukka i3, Aleksei Romanenko1, Ville Tikka1, Peyman Ja a y2, An i Supponen2, Joni Ma kkula2, Ma i A o3, Rina Abdu a iko 3, Anna Kulmala3, Sami Repo2, Samuli Honkapu o1, Pe i Jä en aus a2and Ja mo Pa anen1 1LUT Uni e si y 2Tampe e Uni e si y 3VTT Final epo : In eg a ed business pla o m o dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces – HEILA LUT-yliopis o LUT School o Ene gy Sys ems PL 20 53851 LAPPEENRANTA ISBN 978-952-335-420-3 (PDF) ISSN-L 2243-3376 ISSN 2243-3376 Lappeen an a 2019 P e ace This epo is he summa y on he esul s o he ”In eg a ed business pla o m o dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces – HEILA” p ojec ealized by LUT Uni e si y, Tampe e Uni e si y and VTT. The p ojec was s a ed in Ma ch 2017 and inalized du ing he summe 2019. The epo in oduces he wo k in di e en wo k packages and asks, and includes he main esul s, which a e desc ibed in mo e de ail in a ious in e na ional con e ence and jou nal publica ions, heses wo ks and in o he documen s. The main unding o he p ojec has been p o ided by Business Finland. The ollowing companies ha e also pa icipa ed in he unding and he wo k o he s ee ing g oup: Fing id Oyj, Helen Oy, Helen Sähkö e kko Oy, Lempäälän Ene gia Oy, PKS Sähkönsii o Oy ( ep esen ing R4 conso ium), Tampe een Sähkö e kko Oy, Con ion Oy, G eenEne gy Finland Oy, FinnEne gia Oy, Liikenne i a Oy, MSc Elec onics Oy, Nokia Solu ions and Ne wo ks Oy, Siemens Oy, Wapice Oy. Lappeen an a and Tampe e, Sep embe 2019 Au ho s 1 Abs ac Ene gy sys ems a e in a majo p ocess o ansi ion om bo h echnology and business pe spec- i e. The amoun o dis ibu ed gene a ion is inc easing, load p o iles a e changing and new ypes o con ollable and uncon ollable esou ces a e being connec ed o he sys em (e.g. s o age uni s, elec ic ehicles). In gene al, hese esou ces a e called dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces (DERs). The ole o mic og ids, ene gy communi ies and agg ega o s ( i ual powe plan s) is being pa icula ly emphasized in he elec ical sys em because hey c ea e an oppo uni y o new kind o lexibili y p o ided by DERs, bu also in oduce new challenges o ene gy sys em managemen . Business po en ial o in elligen ene gy solu ions is eno mous bu he e a e s ill majo ba ie s ha block mos o he no el business oppo uni ies in he p esen ene gy sys em. One o he mos signi ican echnical ba ie is he lack o widely accep ed in e ope able in o ma ion exchange solu ion (da a model and in e aces) ha is easily accessible and ul ills business needs by all pa ies dealing wi h he ene gy sys em. HEILA p ojec aims o de ine, implemen and demons a e an in eg a ed business pla o m o DERs o in o ma ion exchange be ween ene gy ma ke pa icipan s. The i s implemen a ion o such a pla o m will be ealized du ing he p ojec o in eg a e sma g id demons a ions in Finland o de elop, es , pilo and inally also comme cialize new sma ene gy sys em unc ionali ies consis ing o in e ac ions and impac s o mul iple pa icipan s. De elopmen o such a sys em begins as a na ional sma g id demons a ion pla o m in Finland bu will be designed o suppo Eu ope wide deploymen o he sys em. 2 Con en s Nomencla u e 5 1 In oduc ion 8 2 Use case desc ip ions 11 2.1 Usecaseme hodology .............................. 11 2.2 Re iew o use cases in o he p ojec s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.3 Gene alusecases ................................. 15 2.3.1 Mic og id moni o ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.3.2 F equency con ainmen ese e o no mal ope a ion (FCR-N) . . . . . 15 2.3.3 Flexibili y se ices o dis ibu ion sys em ope a o s (DSOs) (DSO Flex- ibili y)................................... 18 2.4 De ailedusecases................................. 18 2.5 Implemen a ion use cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.6 sma g id a chi ec u e model (SGAM) use case a chi ec u e . . . . . . . . . . 20 3 HEILA pla o m 24 3.1 Gene alin oduc ion ............................... 24 3.2 HEILAAPI.................................... 27 3.2.1 Clien /Se e a chi ec u e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.2.2 Payload ac o y.............................. 27 3.2.3 Me ada a egis e ............................. 30 3.3 Ac o modelling.................................. 34 3.4 Cybe secu i y ................................... 36 3.5 Da awa ehouse .................................. 37 4 Demons a ions 39 4.1 Labo a o ies used in demons a ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.1.1 LUT Uni e si y (LUT) G een Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.1.2 Tampe e Uni e si y (TAU) Sma G id Labo a o y . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.1.3 Teknologian u kimuskeskus VTT Oy (VTT) Mul iPowe . . . . . . . . 42 4.2 Ini ial implemen a ion esul s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.2.1 Sma API es ing............................. 43 4.2.2 Fi s on si e implemen a ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.3 Communica ion es ing.............................. 45 4.3.1 equency con ainmen ese e (FCR) use case . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.3.2 DSO lexibili y use case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.4 Open-loop es ing................................. 50 4.4.1 FCRusecase ............................... 52 4.4.2 DSO lexibili y use case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.5 Closed-loop es ing ................................ 60 5 HEILA as an enable o na ional sma ene gy ecosys em 64 5.1 Wha isanecosys em? .............................. 64 5.2 Finnish sma ene gy ecosys em - Sma Ene gy Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.2.1 Wo kshop esul s in HEILA p ojec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.2.2 HEILA ole in Sma Ene gy Finland - ecosys em . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 6 Conclusions 72 Re e ences 74 3 Appendices 76 I.Gene alusecases................................... 76 II.De ailedusecases .................................. 87 III. Implemen a ion use cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 4 Nomencla u e Ac onyms AES Ad anced Enc yp ion S anda d AES-256 Ad anced Enc yp ion S anda d wi h 256 bi s diges AMI Ad anced Me e ing In as uc u e AMS Agg ega o Managemen Sys em ASDU Applica ion Se ice Da a Uni BESS Ba e y Ene gy S o age Sys em CA Common Add ess CIM Common In o ma ion Mode CRP Condi ional Re-P o iling DER Dis ibu ed Ene gy Resou ce DMS Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em DSO Dis ibu ion Sys em Ope a o EAI En e p ise Applica ion In eg a ion EC Eu opean Commission ELK Elas icsea ch, Logs ash, and Kibana ESB En e p ise Se ice Bus ESP Encapsula ing Secu i y Payload EU Eu opean Union EV Elec ic Vehicle FCR F equency Con ainmen Rese e FCR-N F equency Con ainmen Rese e o No mal Ope a ion FMP Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m GPS Global Posi ioning Sys em HLUC High-Le el Use Case HTTP Hype ex T ans e P o ocol HTTPS Hype ex T ans e P o ocol Secu e ICT In o ma ion and Communica ion Technology IEC In e na ional Elec o echnical Commission IED In elligen Elec onic De ice IOA In o ma ion Objec Add ess IP In e ne P o ocol IT In o ma ion Technology JSON Ja aSc ip Objec No a ion JSON-LD Ja aSc ip Objec No a ion o Linked Da a 5 LSVPP La ge Scale Vi ual Powe Plan s LUT LUT Uni e si y LV Low-Vol age LVDC Low- ol age Di ec Cu en MGMS Mic og id Managemen Sys em MMS Manu ac u ing Message Speci ica ion MO Mic og id Ope a o MQTT Message Queuing Teleme y T anspo MV Medium-Vol age OPF Op imal Powe Flow OSI Open Sys ems In e connec ion PC Pe sonal Compu e PK Public Key PPP Public–P i a e Pa ne ship PUC P ima y Use Case PV Pho o-Vol aic RDF Resou ce Desc ip ion F amewo k RMP Rese e Ma ke place RSA Ri es –Shami –Adleman algo i hm RTDS Real-Time Digi al Simula o SAU Subs a ion Au oma ion Uni SCADA Supe iso y Con ol And Da a Acquisi ion SGAM Sma G id A chi ec u e Model SHA-512 Secu e Hash Algo i hm wi h 512 bi s diges SQL S uc u ed Que y Language TAU Tampe e Uni e si y TCP T ansmission Con ol P o ocol TLS T anspo Laye Secu i y TSO T ansmission Sys em Ope a o UDP Use Da ag am P o ocol UML Uni ied Modeling Language URI Uni o m Resou ce Iden i ie VPN Vi ual P i a e Ne wo k VTT Teknologian u kimuskeskus VTT Oy XML Ex ensible Ma kup Language 6 7 2.2 Re iew o use cases in o he p ojec s The inc easing end o eplacing adi ional cen alized o ms o elec ici y p oduc ion wi h enewable DERs has c ea ed he need o de elop powe sys ems h oughou Eu ope. The e o e, sma g ids and i s applica ions ha e been al eady s udied o se e al yea s wi h he aim o ha monizing Eu opean ene gy sys em de elopmen in he same di ec ion. In his sec ion, some ocal use cases o o he Eu opean sma g id p ojec s a e ga he ed. They we e e iewed as a s a ing poin when de ining he a chi ec u e in HEILA p ojec du ing he Use Case Agg ega ion phase. Fo he HEILA p ojec , a dozen o he p e iously implemen ed sma g id p ojec s ha e been e iewed and he mos ocal six o hem a e sho ly p esen ed nex including he c ucial use cases om he p ojec s collec ed in Table 1. IDE4L was a 3-yea demons a ion p ojec unded by Eu opean Commission (EC), wi h a ision o de elop dis ibu ed and hie a chical au oma ion solu ion and unc ionali ies o comple e dis ibu ion g id managemen , which enables clean and eliable ene gy o he u u e [ 13 ]. OS4ES “Open Sys em o Ene gy Se ices” was also a 3-yea EC p ojec , wi h a cen al aim o p o ide a solu ion ha would close he in o ma ion, communica ion and coope a ion gap be ween DERs and DSOs [ 14 ]. DREAM “Dis ibu ed Renewable esou ces Exploi a ion in elec ic g ids h ough Ad anced hie a chical Managemen ” was a EC unded p ojec ha included pa ne s which ocused on h ee main ea u es: 1) Ma ke bene i s om empowe ed consume s and p osume s. 2) F om “passi e” o “ac i e” sma dis ibu ion g ids. 3) E icien gene a ion om dis ibu ed enewable sou ces [ 15 ]. Sma Ne p ojec aims o p o ide op imized ins umen s and modali ies o imp o e he coo dina ion be ween he g id ope a o s a na ional and local le el and he exchange o in o ma ion o moni o ing and o he acquisi ion o ancilla y se ices om subjec s loca ed in he dis ibu ion segmen . I ecei es unding om he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 esea ch and inno a ion p og am [ 16 ]. FENIX “Flexible Elec ici y Ne wo k o In eg a e he eXpec ed ‘ene gy e olu ion’” had an objec i e o boos DERs by maximizing hei con ibu ion o he elec ic powe sys em, h ough agg ega ion in o la ge scale i ual powe plan s (LSVPP) and decen alized managemen [ 17 ]. De eloping an in eg a ed esea ch in as uc u e o sma g id sys ems is he a ge o he EU- unded ERIG id "Eu opean Resea ch In as uc u e suppo ing Sma G id Sys ems Technology De elopmen , Valida ion and Roll Ou - p ojec ", whe e 18 o Eu ope’s op esea ch ins i u ions join o ces in o de o pool oge he hei know-how and imp o e esea ch in as uc u es wi hin he sma g id sec o [ 18 ]. The lack o sys em alida ion app oaches o Sma G ids is especially add essed by ERIG id. Table 1 summa izes he use cases om he six selec ed p ojec s ha deal he same opics we add essed in he HEILA p ojec . The use cases we e di ided in o h ee clus e s and mo e speci ically in o gene al o high-le el use cases (HLUCs) and la e in o de ailed o p ima y use cases (PUCs). In his able, he used clus e s a e: Business, Con ol and Moni o . Business 14 clus e included ma ke and ope a ional in e ac ions among Agg ega o , DSO and TSO. Con ol clus e inco po a ed Real- ime con ol- and Powe quali y- ela ed HLUCs. Moni o clus e was de o ed only o Real- ime moni o ing since ha was he main issue we we e dealing wi h in ou moni o ing use cases in HEILA. 2.3 Gene al use cases Following he analysis o he ocal use cases o he Eu opean sma g id p ojec s desc ibed abo e and gene a ing own use cases, a ew gene al use cases we e ex ac ed as being essen ial in HEILA p ojec . The gene al use cases we e ocused on p ocessing and exchange o in o ma ion be ween he ollowing main ac o s: DERs, mic og id ope a o s (MOs), agg ega o s, DSOs, TSOs, ma ke places, and hi d-pa y se ice p o ide s. The selec ed gene al use cases we e "mic og id moni o ing", "mic og id pa icipa ion in he ma ke as FCR-N", and "p o ision o mic og id lexibili y se ices o DSO". Lis o he main ac o s u ilized in HEILA gene al use cases is p esen ed in Table 2. Each o he use cases was desc ibed om he poin o MO, DSO, and Agg ega o as he main ac o s. In wha ollows, a summa y o hese use cases is p o ided, while he ull e sion o he gene al use cases can be ound in Appendix I o he he p esen epo . 2.3.1 Mic og id moni o ing The moni o ing use case is he simples bu a c ucial one. The main ac o is he MO, who moni o s he DERs o he mic og id. The MO acqui es, p ocesses, and s o es aw measu emen s, and ex ac s and publishes he equi ed in o ma ion. The main objec i es a e con inuous e i ica ion o he s a es o he lexibili y ese es / se ices o he mic og id as well as e ie al o in o ma ion equi ed by agg ega o s in o de o o e mic og id ese es / se ices in he lexibili y and ese e ma ke s. Whe e needed, he MO uses hi d-pa y se ices, such as wea he o ecas ing, o es ima e he expec ed lexibili y in a sho - ime. The moni o ing use case also includes p o ision o echnical da a o he DSO ela ed o he po en ial o island o o -g id ope a ion. 2.3.2 FCR-N This use case shows how lexible DERs o mic og id could pa icipa e in a luc a i e hou ly ma ke o FCR-N h ough agg ega o . The la e is he main ac o in he use case, who collec s and p ocesses he in o ma ion abou a ailable olumes o ac i e powe ese es published by he MOs, and p epa es and submi s p ice bids o he FCR-N ma ke . Ha ing ob ained he esul s o he ading session, he agg ega o op imizes he dis ibu ion o he o-be-main ained ese es be ween MOs. Consequen ly, he MOs pe o m in e nal escheduling o he powe lows o DERs wi hin mic og ids, and moni o and con ol he deli e y o ac i e powe egula ion se ice. Finally, he MOs deli e e i ica ion epo s o inancial se lemen o agg ega o ha e i ies he amoun s o main ained and ac i a ed ese es by each o he MOs and deli e s agg ega ed 15 Table 1: Gene ic use cases om EU p ojec s conside ed mos ele an o HEILA p ojec . Clus e HLUC PUC P ojec Business Ma ke in e ac ion among Agg ega o , DSO/TSO Flexibili y nego ia ions be ween he Flexibili y P o ide , Agg ega o , and se ed oles (such as DSO, balance e- sponsible pa y (BRP), and TSO) OS4ES Agg ega ion o DERs in comme cial i ual powe plan s (VPPs) FENIX Ma ke bidding and se ice p ocu e- men IDE4L Ope a ion o a local ma ke by he DSO Sma Ne Ope a ion in e ac ion among Agg ega o , DSO/TSO Vol /Va Con ol – Dynamic, S a ic, Op imiza ion OS4ES LV (MV) cell p o ision o lexibili y DREAM LV (MV) ne wo k conges ion manage- men based on p ocu emen o sched- uled e-p o iling (SRP) and condi- ional e-p o iling (CRP) se ices p o- ided by Agg ega o s o a local ma - ke IDE4L Sha ing balancing esponsibili y be- ween DSO and TSO Sma Ne Decen alized pee - o-pee con ol (con ains p e-emp i e s eps o de e - mine lexibili y wi h model calcula- ions) DREAM Agg ega ion o DERs in VPP. (Agg e- ga ion, scheduling) OS4ES Con ol Real- ime con ol Real- ime lexibili y elease o he LV cell in eme gency si ua ions (e.g. con- ges ion) DREAM Local LV con ol o sol e a con in- gency in eme gency si ua ion DREAM LV (MV) ne wo k conges ion manage- men based on DSO’s esou ces and DERs IDE4L F equency con ol – P ima y, Sec- onda y, and Te ia y OS4ES Powe quali y Use o lexibili y in ac i e powe ne - wo ks ERIG id Moni o Real- ime moni o ing LV (MV) ne wo k eal- ime moni o - ing and s a e es ima ion IDE4L Ce i ied Ene gy Ma ke OS4ES 16 Table 2: Main ac o s o gene al use cases deployed in HEILA p ojec . Ac o ’s Name Ac o ’s Type Ac o ’s Desc ip ion Dis ibu ed Ene gy Resou ce (DER) Physical e- sou ce A dis ibu ed physical esou ce o powe gene a ion, demand esponse, and s o age. P osume People A p o ide o DERs (owned himsel o oge he wi h o he pa ne s), and con ac cus ome o mic og id ope a o ha is allowed o moni o and con ol i s DERs. Mic og id Ope a o (MO) O ganiza ion A housing company, coope a i e o se ice company ha op imizes he ope a ion o he physical mic ocompu e ne - wo k, manages he con ol o he ene gy esou ces o he mic o-ne wo k, aims o inc ease mic og id e iciency by selling a ailable DER lexibili y 1 , and is esponsible o he secu i y o he dedica ed ne wo k (= physical mic o-ne wo k). Agg ega o O ganiza ion An elec ici y ma ke pa icipan o se ice p o ide ha pools a ailable ac i e powe ese es o mic og ids and esells hem in di e en elec ici y ma ke s. Dis ibu ion Sys em Ope a o (DSO) O ganiza ion A na u al o legal pe son esponsible o ope a ing, ensu ing he main enance o and, i necessa y, de eloping he dis i- bu ion sys em ha aims o imp o e powe quali y (e.g. con- ges ion managemen , amping issues, ol age quali y, e c.) in dis ibu ion ne wo k and educe expenses by using mic og id lexibili y. T ansmission Sys em Ope a o (TSO) O ganiza ion A na u al o legal pe son esponsible o ope a ing, ensu ing he main enance o and, i necessa y, de eloping he ans- mission sys em ha aims o op imize he pe o mance o he ansmission g id wi h low-cos ese es o mic og ids. Rese e Ma - ke O ganiza ion An o ganiza ion ha p o ides a ma ke place o acili a e ading wi h equency con ainmen ese es o a ee. Se ice p o ide O ganiza ion A endo ha p o ides IT o AI solu ions and/o se ices o mic og id ope a o o agg ega o o a ee. Flexibili y Ma ke O ganiza ion An o ganiza ion ha p o ides a ma ke place o acili a e ading o lexibili y se ices o a ee. 1 A ailable DER lexibili y means how much o a ce ain ancilla y se ice ype emains a e aking in o accoun "locked" amoun s ha ha e been al eady sold o equi ed o co e base needs. 17 e i ica ion da a o TSO. 2.3.3 Flexibili y se ices o DSOs (DSO Flexibili y) In his use case, he p ima y ac o is he DSO, whose main a ge is o make use o he lexibili y se ices p o ided by DERs o imp o e ope a ion o a ce ain pa o he dis ibu ion ne wo k. The MOs es ima e he amoun s o lexibili y se ices hey a e able o o e o he DSO as pa o mic og id moni o ing p ocess and publish his da a o agg ega o (s). The agg ega o s publish a ea- o mic og id-speci ic o e s o he ma ke place. The ma ke place ansmi s his in o ma ion o he DSO and he la e uns an in e nal p ocess o de ine he o al amoun s o se ices o buy. The DSO hen no i ies ma ke place o accep ed olumes by a ea o mic og id, and he ma ke place se les he con ac be ween he agg ega o s and DSO. The agg ega o s p oceed wi h dis ibu ion o accep ed olumes o he MOs, who, in hei u n, pe o m in e nal escheduling o DERs and con ol hem o p o ide he se ices. Simila o he FCR use case, he MOs p epa e e i ica ion epo s o inancial se lemen . When he pla o m suppo s FCR and DSO Flexibili y i would be eady o suppo addi ional use cases. Fo example, p ocu emen o equency egula ion se ices by DSO o empo a y island ope a ion. 2.4 De ailed use cases The de ailed use cases u he speci ied he gene al use cases by ep esen ing he business ac o s by co esponding au oma ion ac o s and de ining hese au oma ion ac o s in e ms o in e aces, da abases and unc ions. Fo ins ance, i he gene al use cases consis ed only o business en i ies like he DSO, he P osume , he Agg ega o , e c., he de ailed use cases con ained he sys ems used by hose business en i ies and hei in e ac ions, e.g. he dis ibu ion managemen sys em (DMS), in elligen elec onic de ice (IED), e c. The o e all iew on he use case seman ic be ween he ac o s o de ailed and gene al use cases is displayed in Figu e 3. The desc ip ion o he de ailed ac o s can be ound in Table 3 and he use case desc ip ions a e a ailable in Appendix II o he p esen epo . 2.5 Implemen a ion use cases The inal s ep was a de elopmen o he implemen a ion use cases ha would demons a e he business ope a ions associa ed wi h he use o DERs. Acco ding o he esul s ob ained a he de aliza ion phase, i was decided ha FCR and DSO Flexibili y use cases will be demons a ed in HEILA pla o m while he moni o ing use case was included in hese wo as he co e o hei ope a ion. The implemen a ion use cases a e well combina ion o a chi ec u e equi emen s whe e he mic og id esou ces could be adop ed o an exis ing ene gy ma ke s uc u e (FCR) and o u u e sma g id scena ios (DSO Flexibili y). Mo eo e , hese use cases ope a e in di e en ime ames ha in oduce di e se equi emen s o he da a exchange and can be used 18 Table 3: Main ac o s o de ailed use cases deployed in HEILA p ojec . Ac o ’s Name Ac o ’s Type Ac o ’s Desc ip ion In elligen Elec onic De ice (IED) De ice A mic op ocesso -based con olle . DER IED De ice A gene ic de ice ha is esponsible o con ol and moni o ing o DER. Au oma ion Sys em (AS) IT sys em A gene ic au oma ion sys em o building o home ha in ol es he con ol and au oma ion o ligh ing, hea ing (such as sma he mos a s), en ila ion, ai condi ioning (HVAC), and secu i y, as well as home appliances such as washe /d ye s, o ens o e ige a- o s/ eeze s. Cus ome Ene gy Managemen Sys em (CEMS) IT sys em A gene ic in o ma ion sys em (e.g. HEMS, BEMS, e c.) o moni o ing and con ol o cus ome side lexible esou ces (DERs and AS) ha manages hei consump ion and gene a ion po olios. Mic og id Manage- men Sys em (MGMS) IT sys em A sys em ha agg ega es and p ocesses echnical in- o ma ion abou mic og id o di e en ime pe iods o op imize scheduling o i s esou ces in o de o gua an ee quali y o supply as well as o allow maxi- mum pa icipa ion o mic og id esou ces in lexibili y se ices. Agg ega o Man- agemen Sys em (AMS) IT sys em A sys em ha acqui es and p ocesses lexibili y in o - ma ion o mic og ids and o he con ollable esou ces on di e en ime-scales o p opose lexibili y se ices on ma ke pla o ms and p o ide he managemen o such se ices. Dis ibu ion Manage- men Sys em (DMS) IT sys em A DMS ad anced by applica ions designed o use esou ce lexibili y o suppo o he quali y o supply o dis ibu ion ne wo k. Flexibili y Ma ke Pla - o m (FMP) IT sys em A pla o m o ading o lexibili y se ices be ween agg ega o s and g id ope a o s. T ansmission Sys em Ope a o Ene gy Managemen Sys em (EMS) IT sys em A TSO EMS ad anced by applica ions designed o moni o , con ol, and op imize he pe o mance o he ansmission g id wi h low-cos ese es o mic o- g ids. Rese e Ma ke Pla - o m (RMP) IT sys em A pla o m o ading o equency con ainmen e- se es on hou ly ma ke . Se ice P o ide Pla - o m (SPP) IT sys em A sys em ha p o ides he se ices o wea he and ma ke p ice o ecas s o managemen sys ems o agg ega o and mic og id ope a o . 19 Figu e 3: O e iew o gene al and de ailed use cases. o check he pe o mance o he pla o m du ing hei simul aneous ope a ion a la e s ages. The de ails o he implemen a ion use cases a e p esen ed in Appendix III o he p esen epo . 2.6 SGAM use case a chi ec u e The p elimina y a chi ec u e o sma g id use cases s udied in HEILA p ojec is b ie ly in- oduced he e. Also an in oduc ion o di e en kind o a chi ec u es is gi en. A chi ec u es may be de ined o many kind o sys ems. In HEILA p ojec , he ocus o a chi ec u e is in he sys em o sys ems iewpoin . This means a desc ip ion o mul iple sys ems and s akeholde s how hey in e ac and coope a e. Each sys em and s akeholde has in e nal a chi ec u es which a e no discussed in de ail he e. One speci ic sys em o sys ems may appea o di e en ac o s e y di e en ly and may appea cen alized and dis ibu ed a he same ime depending on he obse e . E en i he in oduc ion o a chi ec u es p esen s clea ly he di e ences o cen alized, decen alized and dis ibu ed a chi ec u es, he p ac ical a chi ec u es a e usually hyb id sys ems whe e aspec s om all a chi ec u e ypes exis in pa allel. Many imes sys em o sys ems a e hie a chical sys ems whe e i is impo an o unde s and how he coo dina ion o comple e sys em is ealized which migh be done in design o ope a ional phase. Figu e 4 isualizes di e en a chi ec u e ypes. A node ep esen s a decision making poin in he a chi ec u e. A link is a connec ion (in o ma ion exchange) be ween wo decision making poin s. Cen alized a chi ec u e b ings all in o ma ion o one poin whe e he decisions a e made. Typical example o cen alized a chi ec u e is a No dpool ma ke place (cen alized sys em in Figu e 5). Decen alized a chi ec u e decomposes he global moni o ing and con ol ask o 20 pa ial o /and local asks which a e only loosely connec ed o each o he (g een links in Figu e 4) o migh miss he connec ion comple ely. An example o decen alized sys em is a combina ion o se e al ma ke s ope a ed in sequence (Figu e 5). Dis ibu ed a chi ec u e is he mos di icul o unde s and, because uly dis ibu ed a chi ec u es a e e y ew. All decision making nodes in dis ibu ed a chi ec u e should be equal, no one should make decisions ins ead o hem. The idea o decision making is based on au onomous decision making and communica ion / nego ia ion wi h neighbo ing nodes. In ha way single decision making node may unde s and mo e abou global asks in addi ion o local asks dedica ed o i . Bila e al ading in Figu e 5 is an example o dis ibu ed a chi ec u e whe e di e en ma ke pa icipan s c ea e a meshed s uc u e wi hou a cen al con olling uni . Figu e 4: A chi ec u e ypes. Figu e 5: Examples o a chi ec u e ypes om ma ke pe spec i e. Figu e 6 ep esen s wo examples o dis ibu ion g id managemen . The cen alized a chi ec u e is based on supe iso y con ol and da a acquisi ion (SCADA) sys em used o emo e eal- ime moni o ing and con ol o p ima y subs a ions, ad anced me e ing in as uc u e (AMI) used o low ol age ne wo k managemen , and SCADA o mic og ids whe e DSO ecei es eal- ime in o ma ion. All hese a e in eg a ed oge he in one cen alized sys em which is ypically 21 implemen ed as an en e p ise applica ion in eg a ion (EAI) o en e p ise se ice bus (ESB) solu ion. This is an IT in eg a ion iewpoin o he a chi ec u e. The same sys em looks like decen alized a chi ec u e, i i is conside ed om he echnical iewpoin o DSO. G id managemen sys em includes hie a chy (con ol cen e, subs a ions and mic og ids) and some decisions a e made in decen alized way wi hou cen al decision. Subs a ion au oma ion sys em me ging and u ilizing in o ma ion om IEDs is a ypical example o decen alized sys em wo king in igh connec ion wi h a cen alized sys em. IEDs a subs a ion o along medium ol age eede may also ope a e a he same ime in dis ibu ed a chi ec u e. An example o dis ibu ed a chi ec u e in g id managemen is pee - o-pee GOOSE communica ion o IEDs. Ano he example o decen alized a chi ec u e is he equency con ol sys em applied in No dic coun ies. P ima y equency con ol is ealized by he u bine con olle s o synch onous machines which a e local con olle s (IEDs) u ilizing local equency measu emen o he con ol decision. Seconda y equency con ol is implemen ed on na ional le el p o iding manual adjus men s o p ima y con olle s i needed. F equency con ol does no ha e one cen alized node whe e all decisions a e made bu mul iple nodes which ope a e in pa allel and pa ly in sequence. Many imes he a chi ec u es which a e said o be dis ibu ed a e ac ually mo e close o decen- alized han dis ibu ed a chi ec u e. Typically dis ibu ed a chi ec u e includes a coo dina o o a mas e which has mo e powe o make decisions compa ed o o he decision making nodes. In ha case he a chi ec u e is a hyb id a chi ec u e o dis ibu ed and cen alized/decen alized a chi ec u es. An example o such sys em is a mic og id managemen based on blockchain echnology whe e exis s mul iple equal decision make s (e.g. IEDs o DERs) communica ing pee - o-pee and a mic og id cen al con olle communica ing wi h Agg ega o , DSO, e c. and making decisions ex e nal o mic og id. Figu e 6: Examples o a chi ec u e ypes om ma ke pe spec i e. 22 The in o ma ion exchange a chi ec u e p oposed in HEILA is decen alized and aims o enable e icien eal- ime da a exchange be ween all ene gy ma ke ac o s (including DER owne s). The u u e ene gy sys em will include bo h dis ibu ed cus ome d i en enewable based pa s and cen alized ma ke ac o d i en sys ems and is, he e o e, inhe en ly a decen alized sys em. The concep o he p oposed decen alized in o ma ion exchange a chi ec u e in business use is ep esen ed in Figu e 7. The basic ope a ional p inciple o he in o ma ion exchange pla o m is ha all eal- ime communica ion happens di ec ly be ween he ac o s equi ed o communica e wi h each o he and no h ough any cen alized poin . The need o build nume ous dedica ed poin - o-poin communica ion links is being ackled by u ilizing a uni ied in e ace a he connec ion poin o each ac o . All communica ion u ilizes he public in e ne and no dedica ed communica ion channels a e buil . Figu e 7: The concep o he decen alized in o ma ion exchange a chi ec u e. 23 s anda d ways o gene a e Sma API payload objec s using abs ac packe de ini ions, ha can be se up in con igu a ion ile (payloads uc u e.yaml) using human- eadable o ma o da a ep esen a ion. The s uc u es de ined in he con igu a ion ile a e used o o ma eques s om clien o se e , gua an eeing ha he da a is p o ided in he way, ha is expec ed by he se e . On he o he side o he communica ion he con igu a ion de ines a numbe o s anda d endpoin s, ha can be popula ed wi h callbacks o se e -side unc ions. Such unc ions can se e as bo h inpu and ou pu poin s o da a and signal s eams. The code, p esen ed in Figu e 10 desc ibes s uc u e o Sma API objec s o bo h Reques and Response, ela ed o he same ype o eques (in his case Bid- ype) unde S uc u e sub- key. Nodes o he ee, loca ed unde his key a e ei he Sma API concep s such as En i y o ValueObjec , hei possible a ibu es like Type, uni o m esou ce iden i ie (URI), Name, Uni and Quan i y o Special concep s o HEILA like Que yI e a o , ha assis cons uc ion o payload. In he case o Que yI e a o - he pu pose o his concep is o c ea e lis s o managed en i ies in he esponse using single en i y empla e and a da abase que y ha e u ns a lis o ows in compa ison o a single ow, ha is expec ed o he wise. In addi ion o ha Que ies key de ines ela ion o he Response o da abase que y. In his case he que y is de ined unde he name o Que yRedis, ha uses da abase named FakeRedis (as de ined in da abase.yml) and i will execu e a call o ge RedisBid membe unc ion o he class, ha manages FakeRedis da abase (also de ined in da abase.yml). The unc ion is usually expec ed o e u n a ow o a lis o ow o da abase eco ds ha esul om que y o da abase. The da a, ob ained om que y is he subs i u ed o he esponse s uc u e using nume ical mapping wi h ValueDbIndex pa ame e s o ValueObjec s. Finally o he se e side he s uc u e de ines a callback unc ion ag, ha will be used o signal se e class abou new eques and, which is supposed o p ocess he eques and w i e necessa y upda es o he da abase be o e hey could be used in c ea ion o esponse. Figu e 11 p esen s a sample call o HEILA clien , ha will execu e Bid eques o TSO ac o . He e, callback de ines he unc ion, ha will handle esponse o se e , payload_ ype de ines he ype o eques o be used (should ma ch he oo key in payloads uc u e.yml). Finally, he es o pa ame e s, ha a e passed o he un call a e con e ed in o a dic iona y, ha is used in pa ame iza ion o he eques s uc u e. In Figu e 10 he lis o equi ed pa ame iza ion pa ame e s is p o ided unde A gumen s key. 3.2.3 Me ada a egis e A gene ic model o decen alized machine- o-machine en i onmen implies g id decomposi ion whe e each IoT sys em is conside ed as a pa o a la ge ecosys em o in e connec ions a he han jus a single solu ion. In o de o wo k in his a chi ec u e, au onomous sys ems equi e me ada a egis y ha ac s as a "phone book" and sha es he in o ma ion abou he ypes o 30 Figu e 10: Example o payload s uc u e o Bid- ype eques . 31 Figu e 11: Example o Bid- ype eques pe o med by ese e ma ke place (RMP) ac o . da a, se ices, and con ol capabili ies he o he sys ems possess as well as equi emen s o hei access. The me ada a egis y deploys unc ionali ies o seman ic web o disco e he i ual ep esen a ions o he de ices based on he seman ic meaning o hese ep esen a ions and hei in e connec ions. The same idea is ealized in HEILA me ada a egis y o au onomous in e ac ions be ween he HEILA managemen sys ems. In he case o HEILA ac o s, hese ep esen a ions include exposi ion o hei capabili ies, p ope ies, and ypes ha a e ans o med o he machine- eadable knowledge abou hem. Consequen ly, he egis y p o ides i al seman ic me ada a o enable au oma ed disco e y o HEILA sys ems wi h equi ed pa ame e s o co esponding ene gy se ices. The e a e wo gene al ypes o egis y se ices, which can be desc ibed as "whi e" and "yellow" pages. The o me ones assume ha he ac o disco e y is based on he seman ic ype o he ac o s, while he he la e ones ely on se ice-o ien ed disco e y. HEILA me ada a egis y adop s he ac o -based sea ch o enable sys em in e ac ions o di e en se ices. E e y sys- em in he pla o m ollows sequen ial ac ions ha could be pu posely di ided in o "Regis e ", "Sea ch", and "Access". Du ing he "Regis e " pa , HEILA sys ems aim o become isible in he en i onmen by sending a egis a ion eques o he egis y wi h own me ada a in o ma- ion. The basic me ada a con ained in such eques s include namespaces, ac o ype, in e ace in o ma ion, and i s public key (PK). Howe e o some sys ems as mic og id managemen sys ems (MGMSes), i also consis s o se ices hey p o ide, ype o he esou ce hey manage, and maximum powe a ailable o he se ices. The example o egis a ion eques o MGMS wi h "MGMSRegis a ion" en i y is p esen ed in Figu e 12. The me ada a in he eques is seman ically desc ibed wi h esou ce desc ip ion amewo k (RDF) da a model p edomina ely wi h Sma API on ology which was in e nally en iched o he pla o m es ing pu poses by new en i ies. These en i ies a e mos ly ela ed o he an icipa ed o ganiza ion and e minology o decen alized sma g id a chi ec u e. RDF is encoded in Tu le o ma bu can be also con e ed o Ja aSc ip objec no a ion o linked da a (JSON-LD) o RDF/ex ensible ma kup language (XML). The adop ed me ada a o sys em desc ip ion is no an exhaus i e bu a he minimum equi ed o he in e ac ions in HEILA pla o m en i onmen . 32 Figu e 12: MGMS egis a ion eques . A he sea ching s age, he me ada a se es as he basis o il e ing he sys ems wi h speci ic ypes. The sea ch is buil by sending a eques illed wi h equi ed pa ame e s, and, in he case o "AMSSea ch" eques p esen ed in Figu e 13, his equi ed pa ame e is only he ype o he sys em. The expec ed esponse will e u n he s o ed da a o he co esponding sys ems egis e ed a he momen o he eques . An example o such esponse is illus a ed in Figu e 14. Finally, ha ing ecei ed he egis y esponse, he eques e can le e age he da a and que y he o he sys ems implemen ing he "Access" pa . 33 Figu e 13: agg ega o managemen sys em (AMS) sea ch eques . Figu e 14: AMS sea ch esponse. 3.3 Ac o modelling Since he main objec i es o he i s e sion o he HEILA pla o m we e mos ly ela ed o he da a exchange, in e nal ope a ion and unc ionali y o he di e en ac o s we e no he main ocus, and de elopmen ega ding hese can be con inued in ollowing p ojec s. Meanwhile, he ac o s in he p esen e sion o he pla o m we e modeled using s a e-machine based app oach wi h only baseline unc ionali y. The s a e-machine simula ed sequen ial logic o he ac o s 34 as con inuous ansi ion be ween he ac o s a es. The ac o s inco po a e some a ibu es o eac i i y, p oac i eness, and social abili ies. Mos o he s a e ansi ions a e p o oked by ac o eac ions o changes ha occu in he pla o m. The examples o hese changes can be a ime condi ion o ecei ed eques o he o he ac o . Also, pu suing hei design objec i es, some ac o s p oac i ely ini ia e some o he in e ac ions using hei social abili ies. Howe e , in he condi ions o es ic ed in elligence, he p oac i eness o hese in e ac ions is ini ia ed in a ule-based ashion. The HEILA ac o s co esponding o he implemen a ion use case ac o s we e implemen ed le e aging Ac o Base and Slo Base classes. The Ac o Base class implemen s gene ic me hods o he ac o s while he Slo Base class is in cha ge o he ac o ac ions o a speci ic ime slo . The gene ic me hods o he Ac o Base include handling egis e , sea ch, and access ou ines as well as pe o ming h ead and ime-based ou ines o gi en slo s and upda ing ac i e slo handling objec s wi h espec o he cu en ime. The Slo Base class inco po a es basic equi emen s o ime slo and p ocesses s a e ansi ion on ime ick. The s a e ansi ion ac ions a e p ede e mined by he design objec i es o he ac o s in pa icula implemen a ion use case and pe o med by Slo Handle class o each ac o . An example o he slo sequen ial logic o he AMS Slo Handle in FCR implemen a ion use case in p esen ed in Figu e 15 and is explained in wha ollows. When he AMS Slo Handle is ini ialized by AMS ac o class o a hou ly ime slo , i equi es he o ecas o Fing id FCR p ice o i s hou om AMS o change i s s a e. In he Hou ly Ma ke P ices Ob ained s a e, he AMS Slo Handle can be up o 5:30 hou s be o e he e e enced bidding ime o he RMP ac o . I he ime condi ion is passed, he AMS Slo Handle s a s que ying MGMSes ound by AMS du ing he egis a ion phase o lexibili y en i ies. The ansi ion o he nex s a e is pe o med i all o he lexibili y en i ies a e ob ained o he ime be o e he bidding is less han 3:00 hou s. Ha ing p oceeded o he nex s a e, he AMS Slo Handle p epa es he o e o submi o he RMP ac o . I he o e is calcula ed, he AMS Slo Handle goes o a s a e numbe 6 and is wai ing o he eques om he RMP ac o . Ha ing ecei ed he eques and pos ed he o e , he AMS Slo Handle p og esses o an O e Pos ed s a e. Subsc ibing o he ese e no i ica ion in his s a e, he AMS Slo Handle achie es he equi emen o a ansi ion o he nex s a e whe e i is wai ing o he ese e no i ica ion o be published by he RMP ac o . Ha ing ecei ed he no i ica ion, he AMS Slo Handle o wa ds i o he MGMSes ha sha ed lexibili y en i ies and is consecu i ely mo ed o a s a e numbe 10. In his s a e, he AMS Slo Handle is in idle s a e un il he ime a e he end o he ese ed ime slo is exceeding 30 minu es. Then, he AMS Slo Handle subsc ibes o a e i ica ion no i ica ion om he MGMSes ha we e ese ed o FCR se ice ansi ioning o a s a e numbe 12. I all o he equi ed e i ica ion no i ica ions a e ecei ed by he AMS Slo Handle , i eaches he end o i s sequen ial logic. 35 Figu e 15: An example o AMS Slo Handle s a e ansi ion. 3.4 Cybe secu i y Cybe secu i y is one o he key aspec s ha needs o be p ope ly add essed when no el concep s a e applied in eal-li e sys ems. The main issues add essed in his implemen a ion o sys em a e access con ol, da a au hen ici y and da a malleabili y. The access con ol is ensu ed by mul iple laye s o enc yp ion o he communica ion. A he ou e le el he da a is enc yp ed wi h TLS de ined o HTTPS and MQTT p o ocols, ha a e used as anspo s. Inside he payload he segmen s o da a, ha communica e use ul in o ma ion a e enc yp ed using hyb id enc yp ion whe e he payload is enc yp ed by symme ic unique ad anced enc yp ion s anda d (AES) key and he key i sel is enc yp ed asymme ically wi h Ri es –Shami –Adleman algo i hm (RSA) PK o he pa y o which he message is in ended. Such enc yp ion also pa ially add esses he issue o au hen ici y as any esponse can only be dec yp ed by he holde o he co esponding p i a e key. The exchange o in o ma ion abou PKs happens h ough eques s o Regis y ac o o which he PK is p esha ed o all pa icipan s. This app oach minimizes he isk o man-in- he-middle ype o a acks and he only majo weak poin is po en ial leak o Regis y PK. This, howe e can be add essed by use o mul iple Regis ies wi h independen public-p i a e keys. Finally, da a malleabili y is also add essed by used enc yp ion algo i hms. The payload enc yp ion is implemen ed wi h asymme ic key enc yp ion scheme and desc ibed in Figu e 16 based on he in e ac ions o Regis y and he o he Ac o s. A he ini ial s ep illus a ed in Figu e 16 by 1 whe e e e y Ac o has ecei ed p esha ed Regis y PK in addi ion o i s own asymme ic key pai . Then, when Ac o is sending he egis e eques , i enc yp s he egis a ion payload wi h he Regis y PK. Ha ing ecei ed Ac o egis e eques , egis y dec yp s i wi h own p i a e key, i he egis a ion is success ul, i e u ns he egis a ion acknowledgemen enc yp ed wi h Ac o PK. Mo eo e , in o de o communica e wi h o he Ac o s, each o he 36 Ac o s eques s o he Ac o sea ch om Regis y. As a esponse o such eques , he egis y sends o he Ac o he ound Ac o s’ me ada a and a ached o hem keys pai s ha a e u he used by he Ac o o in e ac wi h il e ed ac o s. Fo ins ance, i Ac o A ecei es eques om Ac o B i canno dec yp he eques payload un il i e ches he Regis y o co esponding Ac o key. Thus, his mechanism o en i onmen in e ac ions ia he egis y ex ends he ole o he egis y as a us au ho i y by p o ision o enc yp ion key managemen . Figu e 16: Regis y enc yp ion key managemen : 1- P esha ed Regis y PK; 2 - Regis a ion eques wi h ac o ’s own PK; 3 - Que y PK o o he ac o s; 4 - Asymme ically enc yp ed communica ion. Fu he imp o emen s o he cybe secu i y ha a e ye o be implemen ed and which will con inue o educe secu i y isks a e: use o session and message-speci ic numbe s used once (nonces) which will educe possibili y o eplay a acks and gene a ion o digi al signa u es o payloads o imp o e da a au hen ici y. 3.5 Da awa ehouse The da a wa ehouse is essen ial pa o he HEILA demons a ions pla o m as i se es de elop- men o he pla o m bu also showcasing o he esul s. Du ing HEILA p ojec demons a ions, all es esul s a e collec ed wi h logs o cen alized Kibana da a wa ehouse. This way i is easy o ollow how ac o s in di e en si es a e ope a ing h oughou he es s, ge a good gene al iew o whole sys em and ga he speci ic es esul s. I should be, howe e , no ed ha in business use o he da a exchange pla o m, all da a does no need o be ga he ed o a cen alized place. The da a wa ehouse implemen a ion is based on so wa e s ack called Elas icsea ch, Logs ash, and Kibana (ELK) s ack [ 20 ] p o iding ea u es om log da a inges ion o e sa ile que ying and isualisa ion o he log da a. The Logs ash p o ides an open sou ce se es side da a p ocessing pipeline ha inges da a om a ying da a sou ces and o wa d ans o med da a o Elas icsea ch [ 21 ]. Elas icsea ch p o ides sea ch in e ace o u ilize mul i enan -capable ull- ex sea ch engine wi h an HTTP web in e ace and schema- ee Ja aSc ip objec no a ion (JSON) documen s. 37 Finally, opmos so wa e Kibana [ 22 ] se es as a use in e ace o enable easy isualisa ion o he log da a. In p ac ice, ELK s ack implemen a ion in HEILA en i onmen o e s cen alised logging se ice ha enables easy logging and log managemen . HEILA en i onmen o e s Py hon module o emo ely inges logs o ELK s ack implemen a ion om each demo si e. Log messages include a ie y o me ada a in addi ion o imes amp o enable e ec i e analysis based on he log e ens. Figu e 17 illus a es simple example iew o he Kibana dashboa d. In he igu e numbe o success ul e i ica ion no i ica ion is p esen ed as a lis bu also as a use - iendly g aph. Figu e 17: Example illus a ion o he Kibana dashboa d. 38 4 Demons a ions Two use cases ha e been selec ed o be demons a ed in HEILA p ojec as al eady desc ibed in sec ion 2. The selec ed use cases a e DSO lexibili y and FCR. Moni o ing use case is a pa o bo h he selec ed demons a ion/implemen a ion use cases. The selec ion c i e ia was such ha he demons a ion use cases should ep esen si ua ions whe e unc ionali ies p o ided by such da a exchange in as uc u e as he HEILA pla o m would be needed in eal business cases. The selec ed use cases equi e moni o ing and con ol o DERs a a ious loca ions. Also, mic og ids and hei e ec on sys em ope a ion is a opical esea ch ques ion. The aim o he demons a ions is o implemen and es he ope a ion o he HEILA pla o m and i s applicabili y o he selec ed use cases. The HEILA pla o m has wo main pu poses o use: • P o iding a es ing pla o m o es cases ha canno be implemen ed in one labo a o y o pilo si e. The es ing pla o m can be used o esea ch and de elopmen pu poses and enables sys em-le el es ing ha has no been possible be o e HEILA. I can be u ilized by he p ojec esea ch pa ne s bu also by companies in u he p ojec s a e HEILA. • P o iding a i s p o o ype o he da a exchange in as uc u e ha can be used in he u u e sma g id o connec also small-scale esou ces as a pa o sys em ope a ion. Demons a ions e i y he co ec ope a ion o he pla o m, gi e in o ma ion on i s cha ac e is ics (e.g. ans e imes) and e eal u he de elopmen needs. The demons a ions p o ide also new in o ma ion on how he selec ed use cases could be implemen ed. The implemen a ion does no , howe e , cons ain all he de ails bu he HEILA pla o m enables also di e en ypes o message s uc u es, use case sequences e c. This sec ion desc ibes he demons a ion se -up, ini ial Sma API es ing and he h ee use case demons a ion es ing s eps. A i s , communica ion es ing was conduc ed. A his s age, all messages we e exchanged acco ding o he use case sequence diag ams using Sma API and physical esou ces we e simula ed i.e. no eal esou ces we e included in es ing. The second s age is open-loop es ing whe e physical esou ces a e included as a pa o he es case and change hei ou pu s based on ei he he equency measu emen (FCR use case) o on DSO con ol signal (DSO lexibili y use case). Howe e , measu emen s om he esou ces a e no ed back o he ne wo k model and hence he loop is no closed. In closed-loop es ing, he e would be a i ual elec ical connec ion be ween labo a o ies and he measu emen s om he eal physical esou ces would be u ilized in he eal- ime ne wo k simula ion. In HEILA p ojec , ini ial s eps owa ds closed-loop es ing we e aken bu he comple e implemen a ion will be le as u u e wo k. 39 Figu e 23: Communica ion es se -up o FCR use case. agg ega o no i ies MGMSes abou ese ed p oduc s, which in u n modi y ope a ion plan o esou ces hey a e managing o accep ed hou s. A midnigh , i s ope a ing hou s a s and di e en si es pe o m au onomous FCR-N con ol. A e ope a ing hou s, di e en si es deli e p oduc e i ica ion in o ma ion o agg ega o ha ga he s hem o la e use. In communica ion es s, logs a e ga he ed in se e al s eps o each o messaging p o ocols. This allows in es iga ion o di e en pa s o messaging sequence in case o bo h p o ocols. Figu es 24 and 25 p esen communica ion es esul s o HTTP and MQTT p o ocols o e 6 es cycles and 18 hou pe iod. As p esen ed in Figu e 24 HTTP communica ion es esul s a e p esen ed om si ua ion whe e HTTP clien (Ac o B) sends POST eques o Flask (Ac o A) up o a poin whe e HTTP clien (Ac o B) comple es eques ing ac i i ies. To al ime o he whole messaging sequence a ies om abou 1,5 o 148,5 seconds. Time o he whole message sequence is abou 78,6 s when looking a poin s whe e pe cen age i s ime de ia es om 100% le el. Highes alues 89,1 and 25,1 seconds a e a message sequence pa s 2 and 6, espec i ely. I should be no ed ha in pa 2 imes a e a ec ed by ac ha cu en ly Sma API calls a e synch onized. Mo eo e , in 46 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) ( ) Figu e 24: HTTP communica ion es ing esul s pa 6 imes a e a ec ed by e ying eques s in cases whe e espond is no some hing wha was expec ed, o example i espond was emp y. When looking a imes o pa s 5 and 6 whe e a espond is ans e ed om Ac o A o Ac o B imes a y be ween abou 0,15 and 25,4 seconds and ha includes possible e ies. As can be seen om Figu e 25, communica ion es esul s o MQTT a e p esen ed in simila way ha o HTTP. To al ime o he whole messaging sequence a ies om abou 11,3 o 1 hou 5 minu es and 43 seconds. Highes alues 3548,1 and 158,5 seconds a e a message sequence pa s 4 and 2, espec i ely. I should be no ed ha in pa 4 imes a e a ec ed by ac ha i Ac o B sends a eques o Ac o A, hen Ac o A can wi hhold espond un il eques ed in o ma ion is eady. So, in case o FCR use case, AMS can send Ve i ica ion No i ica ion eques o MGMS well be o e ope a ing hou s a s and MGMS can espond jus a e ope a ion hou is o e and all 47 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) ( ) Figu e 25: MQTT communica ion es ing esul s equi ed measu emen in o ma ion is a ailable. Fu he mo e, in pa 2 imes a e a ec ed by he ac ha cu en ly Sma API calls a e synch onized. When looking a imes o pa 6 whe e a espond is ans e ed om Ac o A o Ac o B imes a y be ween abou 2,5 milliseconds and 100 seconds. Now AMS and MGMS a Kajaani da ahub loca e on same compu e as MQTT b oke , which can lead o e y small ans e imes and again, synch oniza ion o Sma API calls a ec maximum imes on pa 6. 4.3.2 DSO lexibili y use case In he ini ial plan, DSO Flexibili y es cycle ope a es 3 hou s in eal ime. DSO Flexibili y es sequence (use case) s a s by deli e ing lexibili y in o ma ion om di e en si es o agg ega o in 10 minu es. In nex 10 minu es agg ega o o ms o e s, lexibili y ma ke pla o m (FMP) eques s hem and deli e s o e ings in o ma ion o DSO. Nex , be ween 20 and 30 minu es om 48 s a o he cycle, DSO sends bids o sui able o e s o FMP, which in u n no i ies agg ega o and DSO abou ese ed p oduc s. Then, agg ega o no i ies MGMSes abou ese ed p oduc s, which again modi y hei ope a ion plan o accep ed hou s. A e one hou om he beginning o he es cycle, ope a ing hou s a s and agg ega o wai s ha DSO no i ies i o ac i a e ese ed p oduc s. I agg ega o ecei es ac i a ion no i ica ion, i con eys message o di e en si es, which will ope a e hei equipmen acco dingly. A e ope a ing hou , di e en si es deli e p oduc e i ica ion in o ma ion o agg ega o ha ga he s hem o la e use. The DSO lexibili y use case was es ed pa ially. In o ma ion exchange be ween labo a o ies u ilizing Sma API was no been able o inalize. Howe e , DSO’s in e nal in o ma ion exchange was comple ed. Figu e 26 ep esen s he implemen a ion o DSO and FMP pa s o DSO lexibili y use case. The e a e h ee compu e s in TAU lab: subs a ion au oma ion uni (SAU), FMP and OpenDSS as shown below. The OpenDSS engine is used o simula ing elec ic powe dis ibu ion ne wo k con aining subs a ions, medium ol age eede s and powe sou ces, i.e. i ep esen s he eal physical powe sys em o he es ing en i onmen . The OpenDSS compu e is also capable o exchanging da a wi h SAU ia HTTP se e (Apache HTTP se e ). HTTP clien a SAU compu e sends a HTTP message wi h XML payload o HTTP se e a OpenDSS compu e o eques he s a us o dis ibu ion ne wo k. The same message may include also in o ma ion i some con ol a iables ( eac i e powe se poin o gene a o , on-load ap change se poin o ac i e powe cu ailmen o gene a o in his case) is eques ed o change in simula ion model. In eali y his eques would gene a e mul iple messages, because some o hem low o dis ibu ion au oma ion and o he s low o agg ega o s p o iding lexibili y o a DSO. HTTP se e se new se poin s o he simula ion model o OpenDSS Engine and will ecei e simula ion esul s as a esponse. HTTP se e sends u he he eques ed measu emen s da a ( ol age, ac i e powe , eac i e powe , e c.) o HTTP clien a SAU compu e . SAU compu e includes he in elligen pa o DSO decision making. Pos g eSQL da abase is u ilized as an in eg a ion and s o age elemen be ween di e en in e aces and in e nal unc ion- ali ies. In he da abase, one able is c ea ed o measu emen and se poin s da a. E e y ime HTTP clien eads se e da a, i inse s da a o he able in da abase. The HTTP se e also p o ides imes amp o he da a, which is also inse ed o he measu emen and se poin s able. So, di e en in e aces and unc ionali ies may ead he mos ecen da a alues om he able by sending he espec i e s uc u ed que y language (SQL) que ies o he da abase. HTTP clien eques ing da a om OpenDSS eads new se poin s om he da abase and i w i es he ecei ed measu emen alues o he da abase. In simila way he in e nal unc ionali y (op imal powe low (OPF) unc ionali y) ead and w i e alues om/ o da abase. OPF sol es an op imal solu ion pe iodically. In his use case he op imal solu ion includes minimiza ion o g id losses and cu ailed gene a ion while ne wo k conges ion (o e cu en , o e ol age and unde ol age) needs 49 o be a oided. The OPF solu ion is ealized by inse ing upda ed se poin s o da abase which HTTP clien will ead and send o co esponding con olle s (con olle s in OpenDSS simula ion model in his case). In o ma ion exchange wi h ex e nal in e ace implemen ed by Sma API is also ealized wi h SQL ead and w i e. Sma API in e ace exchange in o ma ion wi h FMP, which u he exchange in o ma ion wi h o he ma ke pa icipan s o he use case. F om SAU compu e pe spec i e, i does no see he di e ence be ween simula ed en i onmen (simula ed dis ibu ion g id in OpenDSS and simula ed ma ke in FMP) o eal sys em and he e o e he es ing o SAU’s unc ionali ies is easible in he in eg a ed labo a o y en i onmen . The conclusions o DSO lexibili y communica ion es ing a e such ha all in e aces wo k co ec ly, in o ma ion exchange u ilizing SQL da abase and HTTP clien /se e is app op ia e o he use case, and coo dina ion and synch oniza ion o e en s may be ealized wi h SQL da abase and communica ion delays. Simula ion o e en s and esponses which a e slow enough is easible, i a leas one OpenDSS simula ion solu ion (p e e ably mo e) is a ailable o he nex ound o unc ional sequence o use case. A i icial in o ma ion exchange delays may be added when hose a e c i ical/in e es ing o he pe o mance o he unc ionali y. Abs ac ion o DSO unc ionali y, simula ion ool, FMP, mic og id unc ionali y, e c. enables easy modi ica ion o each o hem (loosely coupled subsys ems) and opens possibili y o mul iple kind o combina ions in es ing. Figu e 26: In o ma ion exchange be ween SAU and OpenDSS. 4.4 Open-loop es ing Open-loop es ing has been implemen ed on he basis o he s uc u e, desc ibed in he p e ious chap e (communica ion es ing). The majo di e ence is ha , ins ead o simula ed DER, he 50 eal ha dwa e has been connec ed o he sys em o be con olled by HEILA MGMS ac o s. On LUT side ha connec ion has been es ablished h ough an in e media e IEC104 Mas e so wa e, ha p o ided HTTP API wi h he abili y o p o ide con olled de ice wi h a ask o indi idual 6-minu e long in e als. Each ask can be ei he : "Idle", "Cha ge", "Discha ge" o "Manual". Du ing he idle ask he ba e y main ains 0 Ac i e Powe e e ence, while du ing cha ge and discha ge he ac i e powe is cons an 10 kW cha ging o discha ging espec i ely. Finally, du ing manual ask he con olling sys em p o ided a p ese ac i e powe cu e wi h 1s esolu ion ha de ined he ac i e powe esponse o he sys em wi h 1 kW g anula i y o each second o he upcoming 6-minu e in e al. On VTT side he ha dwa e connec ion has been es ablished h ough an in e media e Modbus connec ion wi h he abili y o p o ide con ol signals (ope a ion mode) o ABB COM600 g id au oma ion con olle , which con ols IEDs in he Mul iPowe labo a o y. Ope a ion modes in FCR use case can be “No mal” o “FCR”. In ope a ion mode “FCR” he COM600 moni o s g id equency and disconnec s/connec s load wi h h eshold alue o 49,95 Hz. Due o es ic ions on a ailable de ices in he Mul iPowe lab, he load is disconnec ed/connec ed as whole ins ead o s ep-wise ope a ion ha would ollow cu en ules on FCR ma ke . In addi ion, g id emula o eeds he low ol age ne wo k inside he Mul iPowe labo a o y and con ols equency acco ding o Figu e 28. On TAU side DSO g id is simula ed in RTDS o OpenDSS. G id simula ion combines all labo a o ies oge he elec ically al hough hey a e physically loca ed in di e en places wi hou di ec elec ical connec ion. Mic og ids in LUT and VTT in addi ion o o he g id componen s a e modelled in RTDS o OpenDSS, bu he s a us and con ol o hem is ealized based on decisions made in HEILA pla o m. In open-loop es ing he con ol loop is no comple ely closed. Fo example, when DSO makes an ac i a ion eques o mic og ids in DSO lexibili y use case, he co esponding ac i a ion message is deli e ed o mic og ids and o wa ded di ec ly o simula o . In closed-loop es ing, he elec ical pa ame e s o mic og ids in RTDS/OpenDSS simula ion would be changed based on ac ual measu emen s. Open-loop es ing assumes ha ac i a ion happens as eques ed wi hin speci ied ime (a communica ion delay may be added). The bene i o open-loop es ing is o a oid/minimize delays and synch oniza ion p oblems o i ual simula ion en i onmen , which does no exis in eal-li e. Open-loop es ing may be u ilized o use case unc ional es ing o e i y co ec ope a ion o use case implemen a ions. De ailed es ing o echnical pe o mance would equi e closed-loop es ing en i onmen . Ano he essen ial pa o TAU’s labo a o y is he Subs a ion Au oma ion Uni shown in Figu e 27. Subs a ion au oma ion uni is an ad anced dis ibu ion au oma ion solu ion based on hie a chical and decen alized decision making. I is capable o e.g. au onomous conges ion managemen in 51 dis ibu ion g id a e y local a ea (e.g. in low ol age ne wo k) i needed. DSO unc ionali ies a e implemen ed in Subs a ion Au oma ion Uni ha con ains Pos g eSQL da abase o s o ing moni o ing and o ecas da a equi ed o local decision making (p edic ing conges ion, eques - ing lexibili y se ices, u ilizing DSO’s own o con ac ed esou ces, and ac i a ing lexibili y se ices). Da abase will deli e bids and ac i a ions o Sma API o in o ma ion exchange be ween TAU, VTT and LUT labo a o ies. Ac i a ion messages a e also o wa ded ia Socke o manu ac u ing message speci ica ion (MMS) clien o RTDS simula ion. FMP emula es he ma ke place u ilized o conges ion managemen including de ailed loca- ion in o ma ion abou lexibili y esou ces. The in o ma ion exchange be ween Subs a ion Au oma ion Uni , FMP and o he ac o s is ealized ia in o ma ion exchange pla o m (HEILA Sma API). F om DSO’s pe spec i e DERs and mic og ids a e con olled indi ec ly ia ma ke . Modi ied e sion o conges ion managemen concep p esen ed in e e ence [ 25 ] will be u ilized in he demons a ion. Figu e 27: TAU sma g id lab. 4.4.1 FCR use case Tes objec i es. The objec i e o FCR open-loop es ing is o es he whole use case and e i y ha he physical esou ces ope a e as expec ed i.e. powe changes acco ding o he componen cha ac e is ics when equency changes. Tes desc ip ion. In his use case he ha dwa e esou ces we e conside ed p ocu ed by TSO o FCR. The equency signal, ha was used as e e ence has been p ede ined om his o ical da a on he basis o ha ing signi ican de ia ions om he nominal g id equency (Olkiluo o 52 e en om June 2018). 6 hou s o equency da a has been selec ed and p e-sha ed be ween labo a o ies. The 3-second a e age cu e o equency, used in es ing is p esen ed in Figu e 27. Figu e 28: The equency sequence used in FCR open-loop es s. The Mul iPowe and G eenCampus labo a o ies ep esen ed mic og ids in he es se -up and one con ollable esou ce was u ilized om bo h labo a o ies. A G eenCampus, BESS was selec ed and a Mul iPowe a con ollable load was used. The BESS a LUT was ope a ed acco ding o a d oop cu e. Due o some es ic ions in Mul iPowe equipmen du ing he es ing pe iod he load was con olled in a way ha di e s om he cu en FCR ules. The MGMS in he Mul iPowe connec ed/disconnec ed a single load wi h ce ain h eshold alue. The es sequences we e accele a ed wi h espec o eal li e scena io o dec ease he amoun o ime needed o es ing. Tes ou comes. Bo h communica ion and open-loop es s we e success ully conduc ed and e i ied ha he da a exchange pla o m concep and implemen a ion ope a e as expec ed and ha i was possible o include eal ha dwa e in he es ing. Some de iciencies in he es se -up we e de ec ed and will be deal wi h in u u e wo k. Some open-loop es esul s om Mul iPowe a e ep esen ed in Figu e 29 and om G eenCampus in Figu e 30. In Mul iPowe , he equency seen by he con ollable load was p oduced by a g id emula o o which he equency sequence was ed h ough a Modbus in e ace. The e we e some issues wi h his in e ace and, he e o e, he equency in he lab did no ollow he sequence exac ly. Luckily, in cases whe e he equency goes below he h eshold alue he g id emula o was ope a ing co ec ly. Fu he mo e, he igu e illus a es clea ly ha load is disconnec ed i equency is below he h eshold alue. In G eenCampus, he MGMS calcula ed a powe se poin o he ba e y based on he equency sequence. The BESS ou pu measu emen s indica e ha in gene al he ba e y was able o ack 53 Figu e 29: Open-loop es ing esul s om Mul iPowe . Powe measu emen o he con ollable load (yellow), equency h eshold o disconnec /connec he load ( ed), p ede ined equency sequence (blue) and he equency seen by he load (o ange). Figu e 30: Open-loop es ing esul s om G eenCampus. Deli e ed ac i e powe measu emen s on ou pu o BESS. Ve ical axis is in kW. he p o ided e e ence signal. This e i ies ha he communica ion o egis a ion, ma ke and con ol commands occu ed in a imely manne despi e he es sequence being accele a ed wi h espec o eal li e scena io, whe e i would be ope a ed in a eal ime. Howe e , no able o e shoo s a e p esen in he esponse signal o BESS. The po en ial causes o such beha io a e impe ec ions in he measu emen o ac i e powe o cable e lec ions, caused by sha p ac i e powe change on s. De ailed analysis is o be conduc ed in o de o es ablish he oo cause which, howe e , does no di ec ly ela e o he subjec o his esea ch. 54 4.4.2 DSO lexibili y use case Tes objec i es. The objec i e o DSO lexibili y open-loop es ing is o es pa ial use case (DSO’s in e nal ope a ional pa ) and e i y he unc ional pe o mance o OPF unc ionali y in dis ibu ion g id conges ion si ua ion. Tes desc ip ion. Pa ial open-loop es ing (DSO in e nal ope a ional phase) includes he simila implemen a ion han u ilized in communica ion es ing o DSO lexibili y use case in subchap e 4.3.2. Tes s do no include physical esou ces and ini ial pa o he use case is also excluded. I is expec ed ha ma ke ading and closing has al eady happen, and he e o e DSO know wha lexibili y esou ces, whe e and a wha p ice has a ailable o he ope a ional phase. Dis ibu ion g id and i ’s esponse o con ol decisions is simula ed in OpenDSS. Flexibili y ac i a ion messages will be send o DERs and OpenDSS in he open-loop es ing, o he wise he impac o lexibili y ac i a ion would no be seen. In his es i is assumed ha bo h lexibili y o e s om LUT and VTT mic og ids would be needed based on DSO’s p edicions, and he e o e he bo h bids would be accep ed. I is u he assumed ha pa ial ac i a ion o bids (spli ing o bids) is possible and accep able o DERs and agg ega o s. Also o e ed bid olumes a e enough o sol e he p edic ed conges ion oge he wi h DSO’s own o con ac ed measu es (on-load ap change and eac i e powe con ol o gene a o ). P oduc ion uni has non- i m connec ion con ac wi h DSO, and he e o e p oduc ion cu ailmen is also possible measu e o conges ion condi ion. The cos o ha is e y high o he DSO, which makes i he leas p e e able op ion o conges ion managemen . Simula ed g id is p esen ed in Figu e 31, which shows also a po en ial conges ion condi ion in he g id (o e ol age in node 5 in he example). G een a ows in he igu e ep esen he ac i e powe low and blue a ows a e he eac i e powe low. Nega i e sign o eac i e powe o he gene a o means ha gene a o is unde exci ed (consumes eac i e powe om he g id). The model includes ep esen a ion o supplying g id (nodes 1 and 2), p ima y ans o me and i ’s on-load ap change (be ween nodes 2 and 3) and wo medium ol age eede s. The i s eede has a gene a o in he end o he eede and wo loads. Mic og ids a LUT and VTT a e associa ed o hose load poin s. The second eede has one load poin . In his case he conges ion may appea as o e ol age in he i s eede due o gene a o eed-in, o as unde ol age on second eede due o demand. Because o e - and unde ol age p oblems may happen a he same ime, he op imal solu ion o he p oblem is no i ial. Con ol a iables o OPF unc ionali y a e ap posi ion o on-load ap change , eac i e powe o gene a o , lexibili y ac i a ion om mic og ids (condi ional e-p o iling (CRP) p oduc s), o p oduc ion cu ailmen o gene a o . Con ols ha e di e en cos s o he DSO and p e ious con ol a iables we e lis ed om he cheapes o mos expensi e. Vol age should s ay be ween 0.95 - 1.05 pu. 55 a e mos likely due o ex e nal a ic, which always exis s, bu educes possibili ies o compa e he esul s eliably. Al hough he communica ion la ency is a he sho mos o he ime, i includes s ochas ici y and some imes he la ency migh be many imes highe han he expec ed alue. This issue will impac how well he synch oniza ion me hods a e able o synch onize e en happening a he same ime in di e en loca ion bu he in o ma ion is ecei ed a di e en ime. Due o he unce ain ies associa ed o hese esul s, u he s udies on he delays should be conduc ed a ollowing p ojec s. Figu e 39: Round ip imes o TAU o LUT measu emen ( op) & TAU o VTT measu emen (bo om) - WITHOUT VPN connec ion. 62 Figu e 40: Round ip imes o TAU o LUT measu emen ( op) & TAU o VTT measu emen (bo om) - WITH VPN connec ion. 63 5 HEILA as an enable o na ional sma ene gy ecosys em The p e ious sec ions desc ibe he echnical wo k conduc ed in HEILA p ojec . In addi ion o de eloping echnical solu ions o u u e sma ene gy unc ionali ies, HEILA has con ibu ed also o de ining he na ional sma ene gy ecosys em o Finland. Ene gy business is expe iencing se e al concu en dis up ions ela ed o changes in elec ici y p oduc ion, consump ion and s o age, anspo sec o and de elopmen o ICT. New ype o collabo a ion be ween di e en ac o s is necessa y o cope and lou ish in he new ope a ional en i onmen . The main con- ibu ion o HEILA p ojec owa ds he na ional ecosys em is de ining and implemen ing he na ional es ing pla o m ha cu en ly consis s o labo a o ies o LUT, VTT and TAU bu is planned o be ex ended o include also o he labo a o ies and, mo e impo an ly, eal-li e pilo si es. This ocal pla o m enables new ype o collabo a ion be ween di e en ene gy ac o s and is an impo an enable o he sma ene gy ecosys em. The e a e also o he ongoing ac i i ies on sma ene gy ecosys em opic and HEILA wo k is closely linked o all o hem. A clea need o de ining and building a na ional-le el ecosys em o sma ene gy has been iden i ied o se e al easons. Cu en ly, he e a e se e al ad anced pilo ing ac i i ies which a e, howe e , a bi sca e ed a na ional le el. The e is a need o in eg a ing he exis ing pilo s and en i onmen s be e o enable mo e e icien na ional inno a ion en i onmen ha is capable o de eloping, implemen ing and es ing ad anced sma ene gy unc ionali ies, also on sys em le el. A he same he exis ing in as uc u e can be used mo e e icien ly. In addi ion o he na ional inno a ion en i onmen , his will enable Finland o p esen mo e signi ican en i ies on in e na ional le el. Some o he de elopmen ends also s ee mo e in e es owa ds na ional ecosys ems. Gene ally, he p og ess is mo e owa ds public–p i a e pa ne ship (PPP)- ype ins umen s whe e companies, esea ch o ganiza ions and public unding o ganiza ions a e inc easingly wo king oge he and sha ing he unding. On EU le el he discussion has been owa ds inno a ion hubs which can ep esen one way o alloca ing unding in he u u e. O e all, Finnish ini ia i es such as Sma Ene gy p og am by Business Finland ely s ongly on pla o m and ecosys em s uc u es. 5.1 Wha is an ecosys em? The e is no es ablished de ini ion o an ecosys em in business wo ld. Howe e , i is widely ag eed ha a unc ioning ecosys em should ha e ce ain cha ac e is ics. Fo an ecosys em o h i e, i should ha e a common goal, ules and a s a egy o achie e ha goal. The goal can be some hing abs ac like enhancing he li ing condi ions o some hing conc e e like c ea ing new expo p oduc s. An ecosys em is mo e han jus a ne wo k o di e en ac o s. In a ne wo k he e is no sha ed agenda, only indi idual needs and a ne wo k o ecei e and p o ide help. 64 Ideally, an ecosys em is like a li ing o ganism whe e i s inhabi an s li e o achie e a common goal by exploi ing and bene i ing he ecosys em ecip ocally. In o de o ha o happen he ecosys em needs one acili a o who supe in ends ha he ules a e obeyed and he ecip oci y is ealized. I is no always easy o say wha is equi ed om he playe s o ope a e in an ecosys em o o wha hey a e eligible/en i led o. In an ecosys em he e has o be a sha ed agenda bu i doesn’ mean ha he e couldn’ be any indi idual p ojec s whe e all he mone a y bene i s go o indi idual playe s. Bu i a playe wan s o bene i om he ecosys em, i mus also gi e some hing o he ecosys em. I could p o ide, o example, use ul da a o esul s o a esea ch. The idea behind he concep comes om biology and ecosys ems in na u e. Howe e , i is no exac ly he same. In na u e, ecosys em p o ides he li ing condi ions and he es is a game o li e - he i es will su i e. In a business wo ld ecosys em all he inhabi an s sha e a common goal and a will o achie e i . Ecosys ems can be di ided in o a a ie y o ypes (see e.g. [ 27 ]) and de ined in mul iple ways. The e a e many di e en ecosys ems depending o ins ance on he gene al objec i e and pa ne p o iles. Commonly ecosys ems a e classi ied as knowledge ecosys ems, inno a ion ecosys ems and business ecosys ems. Such classi ica ion is no always s aigh o wa d as ecosys ems ypically ha e some cha ac e is ics o hese di e en ypes. Typically same ecosys em can ha e mo e inno a ion-o ien ed and mo e business-o ien ed ac i i ies. Figu es 41 and 42 depic he ela ion o he abo e men ioned ecosys em ypes. The na ional sma ene gy ecosys em ha is aimed o in HEILA and also o he cu en ly ac i e ini ia i es is an inno a ion ecosys em. The ac i i ies in he inno a ion ecosys em will lead o o ma ion o also business ecosys ems. [28] Figu e 41: Di e en ypes o ecosys ems ha e di e en goals and ac o s. All h ee ypes o ecosys ems build a ound a ocal company o pla o m and a e pa ly o e lapping. 65 Figu e 42: Di e en ypes o ecosys ems. Inno a ion ecosys em has ce ain ypical cha ac e is ics. I no mally has a common goal which is sha ed by all pa icipan s. Inno a ion ecosys em is a ne wo k o all ele an ac o s, especially in eg a ing di e en ac o s oge he , o ins ance big companies and s a ups o business ac o s and esea che s. Inno a ion ecosys ems a e as a p inciple open and dynamic. They do no ha e s ic managemen s uc u es no majo o mali ies. They a e no cen ally managed, howe e hey a e coo dina ed by a sui able ac o . Inno a ion ecosys ems a e ypically linked in e na ionally wi h simila o suppo ing ecosys ems. Na ionally hey seek o ha e clea impac on na ional de elopmen and discussions o ins ance a ound egula ion and policies. Inno a ion ecosys ems a e ypically based on ce ain pla o m o pilo si e which hey can u ilize lexibly. They ypically sha e da a and ideas in open manne s. Inno a ion ecosys ems also de elop ways o wo king oge he , including o ins ance common inno a ion ac ions and join p ojec de elopmen . Inno a ion ecosys ems de elop new ools o collabo a ion be ween he pa ne s o ins ance wi hin i ual wo kspaces. The ope a ion model o an inno a ion ecosys em is ac o -d i en and dynamic. Ac i i ies can be aised quickly and wi h e icien p epa a ions whene e he e is a common in e es wi hin he ecosys em. Ac i i ies can be p epa ed and lead by any pa ne depending on he si ua ion. Fo ins ance esea ch p ojec s a e inc easingly p epa ed om need poin o iew ins ead o echnology de elopmen poin o iew. A he same, he ole o common ision becomes essen ial o iden i ying he esea ch needs on a high enough le el o ambi ion. Business ecosys ems sha e many cha ac e is ics wi h inno a ion ecosys ems. Howe e i is clea ha hey a e mo e business-d i en and ha e mo e ocus on cus ome alues and s a egic de elopmen agendas. In business ecosys ems he ac ual business ela ionships be ween ac o s 66 a e highligh ed. Mo e ocus is in achie ing new business oppo uni ies oge he . 5.2 Finnish sma ene gy ecosys em - Sma Ene gy Finland Finland, as a membe o he Eu opean Union, has ag eed o dec ease i s CO2 emissions and o inc ease he sha e o enewable powe p oduc ion. The same end can be widely seen also in o he pa s o he wo ld. This c ea es a need o in en new sma ene gy solu ions ha a e sui able o decen alized and wea he dependen powe p oduc ion. In addi ion o he end o deca boniza ion, also digi aliza ion can be seen as a mega end a ound he wo ld. Se ices a e shi ing online and a new way o combining and exchanging da a h ough digi al pla o ms can be seen as e icien and unc ional solu ion. Building such pla o ms c ea es a need o unde s and mo e han one domain. One needs o unde s and he use s o he se ice, he ma ke s hey ope a e on and he ICT echnology in o de o build a unc ioning and ele an pla o m. Finland has ce ain ad an ages in he ace o c ea ing new sma ene gy concep s/solu ions. We ha e ad anced ene gy sys ems wi h sma g id capabili ies, open ene gy ma ke s wi h possibili ies o new en an s, s ong compe ence in digi al echnologies and al eady exis ing labs, pilo si es and es ne wo ks, o example o 5G. The nex s ep is o c ea e la ge c oss-cu ing pilo s ha would combine he knowledge o mul iple domains in o comp ehensi e solu ions. Fi s s ep owa ds i is b inging oge he wide ange o ac o s om ene gy and ICT sec o s. Finnish sma ene gy ecosys em as a de ini ion means ne wo k o all ele an ac o s, wo king oge he o he Finnish agenda wi hin sma ene gy sec o . The ecosys em u ilizes a ne wo k o pilo and es pla o ms p o ided and enabled by HEILA p ojec . As an o ganiza ion he ecosys em mus be lexible and open, meaning e icien managemen s uc u es and no pa ne ship ees. The ecosys em de elopmen wo k is s ongly ela ed o ways o wo king oge he in o de o enable e icien co-ope a ion and exchange o ideas be ween he pa ne s. The ecosys em should join ly ind new inno a ions d i ing he la es de elopmen . The ecosys em should also iden i y new unding schemes o p ojec s de eloping hese inno a ions. The ecosys em should also be ac i e in na ional discussions o ins ance o policy and egula ion de elopmen . 5.2.1 Wo kshop esul s in HEILA p ojec Wo kshops ha e been and will be an impo an wo king me hod when de ining he na ional ecosys em. The ecosys em concep has been discussed in se e al HEILA s ee ing g oup mee ings and a dedica ed wo kshop o he ecosys em discussion was a anged in Ma ch 2018. This subsec ion ep esen s he esul s o his wo kshop. These esul s ha e been u ilized in HEILA p ojec and he linked pa allel ac i i ies as an impo an inpu o ecosys em de ini ion and o ming. The wo kshop was di ided in o wo pa s. A i s , he Finnish sma ene gy agenda was discussed 67 ying o de ine common goals o he na ional sma ene gy ecosys em. The aim was o de ine main big objec i es, enable s, ba ie s, gaps and co-ope a ion schemes o he na ional sma ene gy ecosys em. As a esul o he discussion dozens o ideas we e ga he ed o which he gene al guidelines will be p esen ed nex . As a common agenda o he whole ecosys em wo main concep s we e de e mined. "Sa e he wo ld" e e s o global challenge o educing ha m ul CO2 emissions and inc easing he amoun o enewable powe p oduc ion. "Keep he ligh s on" sugges s ha he ocus should also be in main aining o possibly e en imp o ing Finland’s sel -su iciency in ene gy h oughou he yea . O he objec i es o he ecosys em aim a c ea ing new expo p oduc s in ene gy domain and building Finland’s image as a es ing pla o m o ad anced ene gy ma ke s. Du ing he discussion some key enable s o he Finnish sma ene gy ecosys em o h i e we e ecognized. Fi s o all, we al eady ha e a comple e in as uc u e o he sma solu ions o ake place in ene gy domain and also s ong his o y in echnology and ene gy coope a ion in Finland. Also cul u e o ial was ecognized as a Finnish hing. On he o he hand, also some ba ie s we e ound challenging he de elopmen o s ong na ional ecosys em. Finnish mindse o inadequacy and inabili y o cash in on inno a ions we e seen as he key challenge. Technology was seen eally good, bu he abili y o comme cialize i was no . Also a lack o su icien amoun o global ac o s in Finland was seen a challenge. Inc easing he isibili y o ene gy domain was conside ed e y impo an . When u he de eloping he concep o na ional ene gy ecosys em, some co-ope a ion schemes we e b ains o med. C oss-disciplina y know-how and sys em knowledge, bo h poin ing owa ds unde s anding he big pic u e, we e seen as c i ically impo an . As a summa y, i was s a ed ha he inno a ion ecosys em should enable he con inuous de elopmen o o e all compe ence h ough co-ope a ion be ween uni e si ies, esea ch o ganiza ions and indus y. In he las phase o he ecosys em wo kshop, ac o s ha should be in ol ed in he ecosys em we e lis ed. Besides he usual ene gy domain ac o s, like elec ici y e aile s, DSOs, egula o s and TSO, eme ging new ac o s we e iden i ied. Fo example, agg ega o , echnology and se ice p o ide s, banks, in es o s, minis ies and building au oma ion manu ac u e s we e added o he lis . 5.2.2 HEILA ole in Sma Ene gy Finland - ecosys em Need o and s uc u e o he na ional sma ene gy ecosys em. The ene gy sys em is unde majo dis up ion which equi es new ype o collabo a ion be ween di e en ac o s. Finland can emain as a o e unne in ene gy sec o only i we succeed in o ming sui able ecosys ems in which ac o s can combine hei capabili ies o a i e o compe i i e solu ions in global scale. 68 New collabo a ion be ween companies and also esea ch o ganiza ions enables new openings, inno a ions and business oppo uni ies and g ow h o Finland. In p ac ice, inno a ions do no jus eme ge by hemsel es bu inding he new oppo uni ies equi es a lo o discussions and b ains o ming oge he . The na ional sma ene gy ecosys em should p o ide a pla o m o hese kinds o discussions. The ecosys em should bene i all i s pa icipan s. The Finnish na ional sma ene gy ecosys em o ms by combining di e en pilo ing a eas and p e ious and ongoing ac i i ies in Finland. When he di e en pilo ing a eas ha ing a di e en ocus a e linked, mo e comp ehensi e and ad anced s udies a e possible. This will bene i all Finnish s akeholde s. A clea consensus on join na ional ecosys em has clea bene i s on in e na ional le el ne wo king and builds new Finnish compe i i eness bo h in e ms o high-le el esea ch and company de elopmen ac i i ies. The na ional sma ene gy ecosys em consis s o indi idual ac o s and in as uc u es as ep- esen ed in Figu es 43 and 44. The ecosys em s uc u e should be lexible so ha he bene i s a e no los o excessi e bu eauc acy bu some gene al ules need o be de ined. The ecosys em has di e en laye s o ope a ion: The e needs o be a gene al collabo a ion laye ha p o ides possibili ies o new ype o collabo a ion be ween ecosys em pa icipan s h ough e.g. join e en s, acili a ing enhanced knowledge and in as uc u e sha ing and p o iding ecosys em guidelines and con ac empla es. Also join communica ion and dissemina ion ac i i ies need o be conduc ed o gua an ee op imal isibili y o Finnish know-how in e na ionally and o con ibu e o expo g ow h. In addi ion o he gene al collabo a ion laye , also a echnical laye combining di e en pilo si es and labo a o ies is needed. HEILA pla o m p o ides echnical solu ions o his. The e needs o be a acili a o aking ca e o he ecosys em ope a ion. Figu e 43: The na ional sma ene gy ecosys em links di e en ac o s and acili ies. 69 Figu e 44: Role o na ional ecosys em in linking di e en ac o s and p o iding se ices. Linking di e en ac o s and pilo si es in a na ion-wide ecosys em enables de eloping and es ing solu ions o all laye s depic ed in Figu e 45. In e ope abili y is one o he key issues when building he u u e sma ene gy sys em and i is i al o be able o ope a e on all le els o he sys em and o ini ia e collabo a ion be ween ac o s ope a ing on di e en laye s. Figu e 45: Laye s uc u e and managemen o in e ope abili y ac oss laye s. The ecosys em enables es ing o solu ions o di e en laye s. HEILA connec s egional pilo pla o ms and ecosys ems The e a e se e al egional pilo - ing pla o ms and ecosys ems ac i e in Finland such as Sma O aniemi, Sma Ene gy Åland, 70 Ene gyVaasa, SENECC, Ma jamäki and LUT G een Campus. The na ional sma ene gy ecosys- em is a collabo a i e e o o he local pla o ms and ecosys ems as isualized in Figu e 46. HEILA pla o m echnical solu ions can be used o in eg a e he di e en pilo ing pla o ms so ha he ull po en ial o he pla o ms can be ob ained and also sys em-le el s udies conduc ed. In p ac ice, HEILA pla o m will enable as and easy connec ion o mul iple pilo s, es si es and labs h ough one pla o m whe e con ol commands and da a exchange can be execu ed in s anda dized manne . Figu e 47 ep esen s he geog aphical dis ibu ion o some o he pilo si es al eady exis ing. Figu e 46: HEILA echnical solu ions enable in eg a ing local pilo ing pla o ms as one na ionwide pilo ing pla o m. Figu e 47: Sma ene gy pilo si es exis in di e en pa s o Finland. 71 Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases Mic og id moni o ing (DSO) Name: Mic og id da a sha ing o hose who should ha e access o hose ( eal- ime moni o ing) Main ac o : DSO Goal o main ac o : In o de o be able o ake imely ac ions o main ain powe quali y and secu i y o supply, u ilize mic og id in island ope a ion, he DSO wan s o know: 1. how long a ce ain mic og id can ope a ion o -g id 2. how long se e al mic og ids can keep a pa o he dis ibu ion g id in island ope a ion mode; equency measu emen om islanded pa (i no o he wise a ailable) 3. ne demand o he mic og id (i no o he wise obse able) 4. lexibili y esou ces - ela ed in o ma ion: oagg ega ed SoC / expec ed SoC (i elec ic ehicles) oDR op oduc ion cu ailmen oQ capaci ies 5. ob ain a a e (kW, kVA ) a which a mic og id is cu en ly p o iding lexibili y esou ces o DSO a he PCC/connec ion poin (duplica es DSO Flexibili y use-case?) 6. amoun s o ac i e powe ese es (upwa ds and downwa ds) main ained by mic og ids ( o make su e no conges ion is on he way, o minimize own cos s o condi ional ep o iling p oduc s) Pa icipan s: MO: Ope a es mic og id and p o ides/publishes p ocessed da a a he le el o mic og id o Agg ega o (s) and he DSO Agg ega o : an al e na i e channel o he DSO o ob ain echnical pa ame e s; publishes p ice cu es, se s amoun s o ac i e powe ese es main ained by mic og ids (p obably no ele an ) P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions: Con ac s exis : MOs - Agg ega o s, DSO-Agg ega o s (abou being an al e na i e channel) Mic og id is connec ed o DSO DSO knows om which mic og id i wan s o ob ain moni o ing da a (DSO knows which Agg ega o could p o ide da a i di ec moni o ing no possible) Diag am: Main success scena io: 1. DSO ob ains moni o ing da a om mic og id connec ed o he DSO's g id Success gua an ee: DSO ob ained moni o ing da a om mic og id ( om he co ec one) in ime (ne demand). MO(s) log and s o e he moni o ing da a o ce ain pe iod ( o esol e any dispu e) T igge : DSO ies o ob ain/ ead moni o ing da a om MO (al e na i ely om Agg ega o ) Excep ions / expansions: - Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies) The in o ma ion goes di ec ly om MOs o he DSO's he mic og id is connec ed o, al e na i ely - ia Agg ega o . Should we include p ice o e s o his use case The ading o lexibili y be ween DSO and Agg ega o should be open and ai and no include any hidden addi ional subs i u e, i he agg ega o is he local e aile om he same consolida ed co po a ion 2 Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases Mic og id moni o ing (Agg ega o ) Name: Moni o ing o Mic og ids (Agg ega o ) Main ac o : Agg ega o Goal o main ac o : 1. Moni o ing and being awa e o lexibili y po en ial on di e en ime scales o make o e s on lexibili y ma ke s o o upwa ds ac o s (e.g. TSO, DSO) Pa icipan s: Mic og id ope a o (MO): publishes he da a abou lexibili y po en ial o all Mic og id’s esou ces on di e en ime scales o Agg ega o in p ede ined o ma P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions: 1. The au oma ion needed o lexibili y moni o ing, o ecas ing, da a exchange and acquisi ion is ins alled on all le els and ope a es 2. Agg ega o is au ho ized o ob ain he lexibili y da a o MOs 3. ICT in as uc u e is secu e and eliable 4. Fo ma o da a exchange is de ined Diag am: Main success scena io: Agg ega o ecei es he da a published by MO(s) Agg ega o p ocesses he da a Agg ega o upda es he da a o lexibili y po en ial Success gua an ee: The da a abou po en ial lexibili y o Mic og ids a e deli e ed o Agg ega o in ull olume and s anda d o ma su icien o accu a ely e alua e a ailable lexibili y T igge : Pe iodically (e.g. e e y 1 minu e) E en based subsc ip ion: c i ical change in lexibili y po en ial o p ice sensi i i y o MO Reques o Agg ega o Excep ions / expansions: 1a. Agg ega o did no ecei e he da a om MO 1a1. Agg ega o sends a eques o he MO 1a1a. MO e u ns eques ed da a 1a1b. MO s ill does no e u n eques ed da a 1a2b. Agg ega o does no conside he co esponding MO o he nex p ede ined pe iod Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies) Mic og id moni o ing (Mic og id ope a o ) Name: 3 Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases Main ac o : Mic og id ope a o Goal o main ac o : End esul s and bene i s Con inuous alida ion o he s a e o lexibili y esou ces o gua an ee pu chased lexibili y se ices o di e en ma ke s Con inuous moni o ing o powe quali y o in e nal cus ome (p osume ) connec ion poin Con inuous moni o ing o DER s a es (e.g. SOC/SOH o ba e ies, ou pu o PV, e c.) Pa icipan s: Mic og id ope a o : Ope a es mic og id P osume : Pa ne o mic og id, p o ide o DERs (owned himsel o oge he wi h o he pa ne s), and con ac pa ne o mic og id ope a o . P osume is a passi e ac o ha allows he mic og id ope a o o moni o i s DERs. DER: P o ide o lexibili y esou ces o mic og id (owned oge he wi h mic og id pa ne s o single p osume ) Agg ega o : Pu chase o lexibili y se ices Main enance se ice companies: Main ain mic og id IT and au oma ion sys ems and DERs P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions: Mic og id and DERs ha e a g id connec ion DSO is supplying elec ici y o mic og id ( esponsible o g id se ices in mic og id connec ion poin ) Con ac s o in e nal managemen and owne ship o DERs exis s Con ac s wi h Agg ega o s exis s DERs a e obse able Measu emen da a p ocessing algo i hms and sys ems wo k wi hou e o s. Diag am: Main success scena io: 1. Acqui ing s a e o he DERs wi h epo ing (publishing) 2. Da a p ocessing: alida ion, il e ing, comp essing/agg ega ion 3. Da a s o age 4. Da a compiling: Ex ac ing in o ma ion om aw da a 5. Real- ime moni o ing: ala ms, e en s, da a low 6. O -line moni o ing: supe ision o (g id componen ) main enance needs Success qua an ee: Valid measu emen s om he mic og id a e ecei ed by he mic og id ope a o . T igge : Mic og id ope a o : Mone a y bene i s o mic og id ope a o o p o iding lexibili y se ices Sub- igge o MO: Moni o ing he s a e o con olling he mic og id is equi ed o ensu e he mic og id ope a ion and ul illing he DSO equi emen s Sub- igge o MO: Mic og id moni o ing he s a e o he DERs, and he e o e he mic og id, is equi ed o o e ing and p o iding lexibili y se ices P osume : Mone a y bene i s o p osume o allowing he mic og id ope a o o ope a e p osume 's DERs DSO: esponsibili ies o hei g id ope a ion Agg ega o : Re enue om ading powe p oduc s Main enance se ice companies: e enue om main enance se ice Excep ions / expansions: 4 Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases Mic og id ope a o ga he s DER da a by eques ing (polling) and no by lis ening o DER b oadcas ing. Faul s in moni o ing he s a e, aul s in in e nal DER ope a ion (leading in o p o iding inco ec da a), aul s in alida ion algo i hm, aul s in il e ing algo i hm, aul s in DSO g id, aul s in mic og id. Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies) Pe missions o ope a ing DERs wi h chain owne ships. 5 Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases FCR (Mic og id ope a o ) Name: Mic og ids as equency con ainmen ese es ( om mic og ids' poin o iew) Main ac o : Mic og id ope a o (MO) Goal o main ac o : MO wan s o e icien ly use DERs by p o iding ac i e powe ese es Pa icipan s Agg ega o : wan s o pool (a ce ain minimum amoun o ) a ailable ac i e powe ese es o mic og ids and o esell hem ei he on FCR ma ke o o DSOs ( o island ope a ion) DER: wan s e icien use o equipmen o i s as e payback; wan s o use equipmen o own pu puses oo. P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions: All equi ed con ac be ween pa icipan s exis All sys ems wo k Diag am: Main success scena io: 1. MO ecei es he command om Agg ega o o main ain a ce ain amoun o ac i e powe ese e (alloca ion) 2. MO dis ibu es he ecei ed alloca ion o DERs o physically main ain and deli e ac i e powe ese es 3. MO moni o DERs o es ablish ac ual amoun s o main ained and ac i a ed ese es 4. MO epo s on ac ual amoun s o Agg ega o Success gua an ee: Agg ega o has imely and comple e in o ma ion on ac i a ed and main ained ac i e powe ese es om MO T igge : S ep 1 o main success scena io Excep ions / expansions: 1a. DER did no epo abou i s ac i a ed o main ained FCR 1a1. communica ion ailu e: MO esends a eques o he DER 1a2. communica ion conges ion/DER busy: MO makes a conse a i e assump ion abou his DER 2a. MO did no publish he da a abou i s ac i a ed o main ained FCR 2a1. Agg ega o ac ions simila o 1a1, 1a2 Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies) Ideas abou MO epo ing o Agg ega o :  ime-based epo on main ained amoun o ese es e en -based epo on ac i a ed amoun s o ese es 6 Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases FCR (Agg ega o ) Name: Mic og ids as equency con ainmen ese es ( om agg ega o s' poin o iew) Main ac o : Agg ega o Goal o main ac o : o pool (a ce ain minimum amoun o ) a ailable ac i e powe ese es o mic og ids and o esell hem ei he on FCR ma ke o o DSOs ( o island ope a ion) Pa icipan s: Rese e Ma ke (Pla o m): wan s o p o ide ading se ices (possibly o a ee). Mic og id ope a o : wan s o e icien ly use DERs by p o iding ac i e powe ese es. DSO: wan s o a oid ne wo k conges ion caused by mic ogi ds' pa icipa ing in equency egula ion (wan s o a oid paying o condi ional ep o iling p oduc s) P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions: All he equi ed con ac s be ween pa icipan s a e in place. All sys ems wo k. Diag am: Main success scena io: 1. Agg ega o ob ains da a o es ablish a ailable ac i e powe ese es o mic og ids (MOs) 2. Agg ega o p epa es p ice bids and submi s hem o Rese e Ma ke s 3. Agg ega o ob ains he esul s o he ading session and op imizes/alloca es he o-be-main ained ac i e powe ese es o MOs 4. MOs main ain he ac i e powe ese es alloca ed by Agg ega o s and s a sending epo s/upda es o Agg ega o s. 5. Agg ega o alida es he amoun s o deli e ed main ained and ac i a ed ese es by each o he MOs (using hei epo s and upda es) 6. Agg ega o bills he buye o ac i e powe ese es and send paymen s o MOs. Success gua an ee: Agg ega o s alloca ed ac i e powe ese es o be main ained by MOs and MOs main ained hem The da a abou o de ed and deli e ed amoun s o main ained and ac i a ed ese es a e logged T igge : Time e en : Agg ega o p epa es o pa icipa e on ese e ma ke . Excep ions / expansions: Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies) - in case MO can' main ain ac i e powe ese es, he Agg ega o needs o immedia ely know abou i in o de o ealize escheduling 7 Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases DSO lexibili y (Mic og id ope a o ) Name: Flexibili y o dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces o imp o e ope a ion o pa s o dis ibu ion ne wo k ( om mic og id ope a o s' poin o iew). Main ac o : Mic og id ope a o (MO) Goal o main ac o : To e icien ly use DERs by p o iding lexibili y se ices. Pa icipan s: Agg ega o : wan s o ga he lexibili y se ices o mic og ids and esell hem o DSO. DER owne s: wan as e payback o equipmen , wan o use i o own pu poses oo. P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions: All equi ed con ac s be ween he pa icipan s a e in place All sys ems wo k (da a connec ions, MO's own sys ems, which collec da a om DERs and es ima e a ailable amoun s o lexibili y se ices, e c.) MO ge s no i ica ion om Agg ega o o s a deli e y o a lexibili y se ice. Main success scena io: 1. MOs p o ides in o ma ion on a ailable amoun s o Agg ega o (s) 2. MOs ecei e in o ma ion om Agg ega o s abou ( ull o pa ial) accep ance o o e s 3. MOs p epa e in e nal unning schedules o hei DERs 4. MOs epo o Agg ega o s on deli e ed amoun s o se ices (con inuous epo ing while deli e ing) 5. MOs ge paid o deli e ed amoun s o lexibili y se ices. Success gua an ee: P o ision o lexibili y se ices does no lead o iola ion o MO's se ice obliga ions wi hin mic og id. MO ecei es adequa e paymen o deli e ed lexibili y se ices T igge : MO ge s no i ica ion om Agg ega o o s a deli e y o a lexibili y se ice. Excep ions / expansions: - Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: (e.g. egula o y and echnical bounda ies) - 8 Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases DSO lexibili y (Agg ega o ) Name: Flexibili y o dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces o imp o e ope a ion o pa s o dis ibu ion ne wo k ( om agg ega o s' poin o iew). Main ac o : Agg ega o Goal o main ac o : To ga he lexibili y se ices o mic og ids and esell hem o DSO. Pa icipan s: DSO: wan s o e icien ly manage conges ions and powe quali y by using lexibili y se ices; wan s o pay only o deli e ed se ice. Mic og id Ope a o : wan s o e icien ly use DERs by p o iding lexibili y se ices. Flexibili y Ma ke (FM): wan s o p o ide ading se ices ( o a ee i independen om DSO). P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions: All necessa y con ac s be ween pa icipan s a e in place. All sys ems wo k (da a connec ions, con ol sys ems o DERs, mic og ids, e c.) Agg ega o ge s a no i ica ion ha his o e ed lexibili y se ices accep ed. Main success scena io: 1. Agg ega o ob ains o ecas s and epo s om MO(s) con aining in o ma ion abou amoun s o a ailable lexibili y se ices 2. Agg ega o p epa es and submi s p ice bids/o e s o DSO lexibili y se ices o FM 3. Agg ega o ecei es no i ica ion om FM when DSO accep s p ice o e on FM 4. Agg ega o o de s MO(s) o ac i a e/schedule he deli e y o lexibili y se ice. 5. MO epo s o Agg ega o abou ac i a ed esou ces and he deli e y o lexibili y se ice. 6. Agg ega o epo s o DSO abou ac i a ed amoun s o esou ces and deli e y o lexibili y se ice. 7. Agg ega o bills he DSO and pays Mic og id Ope a o s. Success gua an ee: Deli e y o se ice is possible o alida e - con inuous alida ion epo ing, da a is logged. Agg ega o ge s paid a e alida ion o se ice deli e y. T igge : DSO accep s a ce ain amoun o lexibili y se ice o e ed by Agg ega o Excep ions / expansions: 1. In o ma ion in he da abase is no up- o-da e o missing: 1a. T y ob aining he da a by eques ing he ele an MO(s). 2. DSO declines he o e 2a. S op he e 3. Mic og id Ope a o is no capable o deli e ing he p omised amoun o lexibili y se ice. 3a. Agg ega o ies o ealloca e deli e y o o he ele an MOs Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: 9 Appendix I – Gene al Use Cases DSO lexibili y (DSO) Name: Flexibili y o dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces o imp o e ope a ion o pa s o dis ibu ion ne wo k ( om DSOs' poin o iew). Main ac o : DSO Goal o main ac o : 1. To e icien ly manage conges ions and powe quali y by using lexibili y se ices. Pa icipan s: Agg ega o : wan s o ga he lexibili y se ices o mic og ids and esell hem o DSO Flexibili y ma ke (FM): wan s o p o ide ading se ices ( o a ee i independen om DSO). Balance esponsible pa y (BRP): ge s in o med and compensa ed by DSO i necessa y P econdi ions/bounda y condi ions: 1. All con ac s a e in place 2. All sys ems wo k (da a connec ions, ading pla o m, sys ems o he agg ega o and DSO) 3. DSO o ecas ed a iola ion o powe quali y o sho age o ansmission capaci y Main success scena io: DSO eads p ice o e s abou a ailable lexibili y o mic og ids o desi ed loca ion/a ea om FM DSO checks echnical, economic easibili y o he o e (s), de ines plan o possible con ol ac ions o he o e (s) DSO selec s he o e (s) om he FM FM sends con ac ag eemen o DSO and when needed DSO issues ac i a ion eques o Agg ega o (s) wi h needed amoun o lexible esou ces DSO ge s ac i a ion/ alida ion epo s om Agg ega o (s) DSO pays o he eques ed lexibili y se ice o Agg ega o (s) DSO in o ms and compensa es BRP(s) i necessa y Success gua an ee: DSO obse es he imp o emen s a e alida ion no i ica ion ecei ed om Agg ega o T igge : Powe quali y iola ion o sho age o ansmission capaci y Excep ions / expansions: 1a. Agg ega o did no p o ide he in o ma ion because o communica ion channel ailu e 2a. DSO declines o e s ha a e no echnically easible 3a. DSO declines o e s ha a e no economically easible 4a. Agg ega o (s) could no ealize i s p omises Open ques ions and o he equi emen s: 10 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Con en s De ailed e minology...................................................................................................................................2 Moni o ing mic og id DERs (Mic og id ope a o ) de ailed...................................................................6 Moni o ing (Agg ega o ) de ailed............................................................................................................14 Moni o ing (DSO) de ailed.......................................................................................................................21 FCR (Mic og id ope a o ) de ailed.........................................................................................................25 FCR (Agg ega o ) de ailed.......................................................................................................................33 FCR (TSO) de ailed...................................................................................................................................40 DSO lexibili y (Mic og id Ope a o ) de ailed.......................................................................................50 DSO lexibili y (Agg ega o ) de ailed......................................................................................................56 DSO lexibili y (DSO) de ailed.................................................................................................................62 1 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases MGMS.DA Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion MGMS.DM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen MGMS.DP Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a P ocessing MGMS.DBM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Base Managemen MGMS.FF Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Flexibili y Fo ecas Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law, s anda d, o he s P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/ Con ac T igge ing E en P e-condi ions Assump io n Pos - condi ions MGMS Has he echnical possibili y o moni o he s a es o he DERs in he mic og id. MGMS The mic og id ope a o has legal con ac s o moni o DERs DER S a e can be moni o ed in e nally and he s a e can be epo ed/ esponse sen o mic og id ope a o . Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable) Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us Gene al Rema ks Gene al Rema ks 8 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case 9 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 3 S ep by S ep Analysis o Use Case Scena io No. P ima y Ac o T igge ing E en P e-Condi ion Pos - Condi ion P ima y scena io 1: Time based published DER s a e DER.IED Time in e al igge s publishing/b oadcas ing/ epo ing a DER s a e (based on a DER pa ame e i.e. change in DER s a e). MGMS.DA has subsc ibed o e en publica ion (based on p e-de ined DER s a e changes): MGMS has knowledge abou all DERs and how o subsc ibe o hei b oadcas ing/publishing/ epo ing. MGMS ecei es he published DER s a e epo . Al e na i e scena io 1: E en based publishing DER.IED An e en (i.e. an ala m) igge s publishing/b oadcas ing/ epo ing a DER s a e (based on a DER pa ame e i.e. change in DER s a e). MGMS.DA has subsc ibed o e en publica ion (based on p e-de ined DER s a e changes): MGMS has knowledge abou all DERs and how o subsc ibe o hei b oadcas ing/publishing/ epo ing. MGMS ecei es he published DER s a e epo . Al e na i e scena io 2: Reques ing DER s a es sequen ially MGMS.DA A ce ain momen (i.e. he beginning) o a eques sequence o DER s a es. Reques s can be done: MGMS has knowledge abou all DERs and how o connec /message hem. All DER s a es a e que ied ha can/need be eques ed. 10 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases S eps – No mal Sequence Scena io Name : P ima y scena io 1: Time based published DER s a e S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID *Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io 1 Pe iodically Reques Da a: DER Measu emen s DER.IED eques s he da a om DER.SM DER.IED DER.SM Reques signal [de measu emen s] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 2 Da a Upda e: DER Measu emen s DER.IED samples da a om DER.SM DER.SM DER.IED Repo [de measu emen s] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 3 Calcula ions: DER s a e DER.IED calcula es cu en s a e o he DER DER.IED DER.IED No in o ma ion exchange 4 POST Da a: DER s a e DER.IED publishes a epo , ha is acqui ed by MGMS.DA DER.IED MGMS.DA Repo [de s a e] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 5 Reques Da a: P ocessed Da a MGMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a o MGMS.DP MGMS.DA MGMS.DP Reques o p ocess da a [de s a e] Repo [ac i e powe ( )] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 6 Calcula ions: Da a alida ion MGMS.DP "check ou ines", ha check o co ec ness, meaning ulness, and secu i y o da a ha a e inpu o he sys em. MGMS.DP MGMS.DP No in o ma ion exchange 7 Upda e Da a: P ocessed Da a MGMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed da a o MGMS.DA MGMS.DP MGMS.DA Repo [de s a e] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 8 Send Da a: DER s a e MGMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed da a o MGMS.DM MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Repo [de s a e] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 9 S o e Da a: DER s a e MGMS.DM ansmi s he epo checked by MGMS.DP o MGMS.DBM MGMS.DM MGMS.DBM Reques o s o e da a [de s a e] Repo [de s a e] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 10 Reques Da a: DER Flexibili y Fo ecas MGMS.DM eques DER Flexibili y Fo ecas epo MGMS.DM MGMS.RV Reques signal [de lexibili y o ecas ] Repo [de s a e] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 11 Calcula ions: DER Flexibili y Fo ecas MGMS.DP c ea es DER Flexibili y Fo ecas MGMS.RV MGMS.RV No in o ma ion exchange 12 Upda e Da a: DER Flexibili y Fo ecas MGMS.DP e u ns he epo da a o MGMS.DM MGMS.DP MGMS.DM Repo [de lexibili y o ecas ] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 13 S o e Da a: DER Flexibili y Fo ecas MGMS.DM ans e s he p ocessed da a o MGMS.DBM MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Reques signal o s o e da a [de lexibili y o ecas ] Repo [de lexibili y o ecas ] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 11 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 1: E en based publishing S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID 3a1 E en based Da a Upda e: DER s a e DER.IED p ocesses and analyses he da a, hen gene a es a new epo ha will be ansmi ed o he MGMS.DA i DER s a e has changed DER.IED DER.IED No in o ma ion exchange Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 2: Reques ing DER s a es sequen ially S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID 3b1 Reques Da a: DER s a e MGMS.DA eques s a da a epo om DER.IED MGMS.DA DER.IED Reques signal [de s a e] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 1: Reques ing DER s a es ails S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID 1 Reques ing DER s a es Reques s a e sen om Mic og id Managemen Sys em's unc ion 'Da a Aquisi ion' o a DER ha can/need o be que ied. MGMS.DA None o a DER None o a eques o DER's s a e 2 An e o occu es be ween sending a eques and ecei eng a esponse The eason may be any hing om in e ne ne wo k ope a ion aul s o DER ope a ion aul s. The esul is he message ( he eques o he esponse) is los . 3 Mic og id ope a o does no ecei e a esponse Mic og id ope a o does no ecei e a esponse abou DERs' s a es. None None 4a Reques ing he s a e o a DER again Reques ing he s a e o a DER again (migh no end in ecei ing he DER s a e) 4b P edic ing a DER s a e Using a p edic ion o he DER s a e e.g. based on his o ical beha iou His o ical da a/S a e p edic o algo i hm Mic og id ope a o DER s a e p edic ion Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 2: Publising a DER s a e ails S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s 12 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases ID 1 T igge o b oadcas The s a e o a DER changes ( ha should be a igge publishing) o iming sequence In e nal DER moni o ing In e nal DER s a e 2 E o occu es ha p ohibi s he DER s a e epo o be ecei ed The eason may be any hing om in e ne ne wo k ope a ion aul s o DER ope a ion aul s. 3 Mic og id does no ecei e a epo Mic og id Managemen Sys em's unc ion 'Da a Aquisi ion' does no ecei e a epo abou DER s a e change None 4a Mic og id knows ha a imed epo is no ecei ed Mic og id Managemen Sys em knows ha a imed epo is no ecei ed ha an e o occu ed in epo o ing None 4b Mic og id does no know abou DER s a e change Mic og id Managemen Sys em does no know abou DER s a e change since Mic og id Managemen Sys em's unc ion 'Da a Aquisi ion' has no ecei ed any epo s ( ha a e no based on ime sequence) None 13 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Moni o ing (Agg ega o ) de ailed 1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case Name o Use Case Real- ime moni o ing o mic og ids by Agg ega o (RTMM) Ve sion Managemen Changes / Ve sion Da e Name Au ho (s) o Commi ee Domain Expe P ima y, addi ional A ea o Expe ise / Domain / Role Ti le App o al S a us d a , o commen s, o o ing, inal Ve sion 0.1: Technical pa o he use case 17.11.2017 Au ho : Aleksei Mashlako (LUT) Re iewe s: Ville Tikka Samuli Honkapu o P ima y Ene gy expe s, co e eam Fi s d a D a o commen s Ve sion 0.2: Re ised e sion o 0.1 (adjus ed e minology and a chi ec u e) 04.01.2018 Aleksei Mashlako (LUT) P ima y Co e eam Second d a D a o e iew Ve sion 0.3: Re iew based on he commen s. 26.03.2018 Aleksei Mashlako (LUT) P ima y Co e eam Final Final Ve sion 0.4: P ima y IT expe s Basic In o ma ion o Use Case Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case Clus e Highe Le el Use Case Moni o Flexibili y managemen o Mic og ids Ma u i y o Use Case Unde de elopmen P io i iza ion High 14 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion Gene ic View - Technical / Business Technical Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion Real- ime moni o ing Scope and Objec i es o Use Case Scope o Func ion The use case consis s in moni o ing o agg ega ed da a abou lexibili y po en ial and ese e e i ica ion o mic og ids by agg ega o . The lexibili y da a include supply and demand lexibili y po en ial a he poin o common coupling (PCC) on di e en ime scales. The e i ica ion da a con ain cu en ope a ional poin o ac i a ed mic og id lexibili y. Moni o ing o de ailed echnical da a wi hin mic og ids by agg ega o is ou o he scope o his use case. The use case e eals only moni o ing o lowe le el da a wi hou i u he analysis, e c. Objec i es o Func ion The lexibili y da a a e needed by agg ega o o es ima e he a ailable lexible esou ces ha could be o e ed o he lexibili y o ese e ma ke s o maximize inancial p o i s o mic og id lexibili y. The e i ica ion da a a e mainly needed by agg ega o o e i y he deli e y o p omised se ice and ge inancial ewa d. Na a i e o Use Case Sho desc ip ion Moni o ing by agg ega o is pe o med by subsc ip ion o he upda es o agg ega ed lexibili y po en ial o mic og ids o di e en ime pe iods as well as o ese e e i ica ion o mic og ids. Agg ega o hen combines hese eal- ime ( ese e e i ica ion) da a and also analyses o ecas ed ( lexibili y po en ial) da a o use hem on lexibili y and/o ese e ma ke s wi h maximum inancial p o i . “Real- ime” in his con ex could mean some hing in be ween 1 millisecond and some minu es (so eal- ime). Comple e desc ip ion Accu a e moni o ing and o ecas ing o mic og id lexibili y a e he basic p ocesses o agg ega o ha allow him o achie e sus ainable business p o i on lexibili y/ ese e ma ke s by: Composing igh ma ke s a egy Dec easing he amoun o elec ici y imbalance Ve i ica ion o he con ac p omises Sha ing he income be ween he pa icipan s in a ai way This use case p esen s he equi ed in e aces o ope a ion o he RTMM. Agg ega o p esen ed in his in e ace by agg ega o managemen sys em (AMS) di ec ly in e ac s wi h mic og id managemen sys ems (MGMSs) om whe e i ecei es new published epo s wi h necessa y da a, p ocesses hem, and u ilizes i o e i ica ion o lexibili y/ ese e ma ke bids. Da a conside ed by he use case a e: Fo ecas ed alues o supply and demand lexibili y po en ial (e e y cycle ~ 15 min) o ma ke planning So eal- ime da a used o e i ica ion o con ol commands/ equency egula ion The da a publishing o MGMS can happen pe iodically, based on e en / h eshold c ossed o eques . The i s wo subsc ip ion igge s can complemen each o he i ope a ing oge he (e.g. i da a sha ing e e y minu e, he e en upda e can happen du ing his minu e). 15 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Ac o s: De ailed Te minology Ac o Name Ac o Type Ac o Desc ip ion Fu he in o ma ion speci ic o his Use Case AMS Sys em Agg ega o Managemen Sys em AMS.DM Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen AMS.DBM Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Base Managemen AMS.DA Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion AMS.DP Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a P ocessing DMS Sys em Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em DMS.DA Func ion Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion MGMS Sys em Mic og id Managemen Sys em MGMS.DM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen MGMS.DBM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Base Managemen MGMS.DT Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission MGMS.FO Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Flexibili y Op imiza ion Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law, s anda d, o he s Cus ome -owned dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces (DERs) in o ma ion Da a om cus ome -owned DERs is equi ed as inpu o he AMS. P e-condi ion: MGMS has all he igh s/con ac s o sha e in e nal da a o AMS. P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/Con ac T igge ing E en P e-condi ions Assump ion Pos -condi ions AMS The sys em is up and unning. MGMS The sys em is up and unning. Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable) Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us Gene al Rema ks Gene al Rema ks 16 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case 17 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases DMS.DA acqui es i 2 Da a is acqui ed by DMS.DA DMS.DA ans e s he ecei ed epo o DMS.DM DMS.DA DMS.DM Repo (Execu ed egula ion) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 3 Da a is deli e ed o DMS.DM DMS.DM ans e s he ecei ed epo o DMS.AV DMS.DM DMS.AV Repo (Execu ed egula ion) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 4 Da a is deli e ed o DMS.AV Repo is e i ied by DMS.AV and ans e ed back o DMS.DM DMS.AV DMS.DM Ve i ied epo TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 5a Ve i ied epo is ans e ed o DMS.DM Repo is ans e ed o Da abase Managemen DMS.DM DMS.DBM Ve i ied epo TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 5b Acknowledgemen is ans e ed o DMS.DM Acknowledgemen epo o app o ed DER ope a ion is ans e ed o DMS.DA DMS.DM DMS.DA Acknowledgemen epo TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 6a Ve i ied epo is eady o be ans e ed o da abase Repo is s o ed in o da abase DMS.DBM DMS.DB Ve i ied epo TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 6b Acknowledgemen is ans e ed o DMS.DA Acknowledgemen epo o app o ed DER ope a ion is sen o AMS.DT DMS.DA AMS.DT Acknowledgemen epo TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io Scena io Name : AS1: No mal sequence S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi e- men s ID 24 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases FCR (Mic og id ope a o ) de ailed 1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case Name o Use Case F equency con ainmen ese e (FCR) by mic og id ope a o (MO) Ve sion Managemen Changes / Ve sion Da e Name Au ho (s) o Commi ee Domain Expe P ima y, addi ional A ea o Expe ise / Domain / Role Ti le App o al S a us d a , o commen s, o o ing, inal Ve sion 0.1: Technical pa o he use case 17.11.2017 Au ho : Aleksei Mashlako (LUT) Re iewe s: Ville Tikka Samuli Honkapu o P ima y Ene gy expe s, co e eam Fi s d a D a o commen s Ve sion 0.2: (adjus ed e minology) 04.01.2018 Aleksei Mashlako (LUT) P ima y Co e eam Second d a D a o e iew Ve sion 0.3: (Ha monizing de ailed use cases wi h Implemen a ion use case) 11.04.2018 Aleksei Mashlako (LUT) P ima y Co e eam Final Final Basic In o ma ion o Use Case Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case Clus e Highe Le el Use Case Moni o ing Flexibili y managemen o Mic og ids Ma u i y o Use Case Unde de elopmen P io i iza ion High Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion Gene ic View - Technical / Business 25 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Technical Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion FCR, lexibili y managemen , mic og id managemen Scope and Objec i es o Use Case Scope o Func ion The use case consis s in p ocess desc ip ion o main enance, ac i a ion, and e i ica ion o F equency Con ainmen Rese e (FCR) by mic og id ope a o (MO). Objec i es o Func ion This use case allows MO o ob ain compensa ion o he FCR lexibili y se ices. Na a i e o Use Case Sho desc ip ion – max 3 sen ences Ini ially, MO ca ies ou a lexibili y o ecas and hen ansmi s he da a o Agg ega o ha ies o sell his lexibili y on he hou ly FCR ma ke . Then, i mic og id lexibili y was ese ed, MO p o ides equency con ol, collec s he da a abou ac i a ed and main ained FCR o send hem o Agg ega o o e i ica ion. Comple e desc ip ion Ve i ica ion o he ac i a ion and main enance o he ese e capaci y is a pa o he Agg ega o 's esponsibili ies in on o he o he ma ke pa ies. This unc ionali y is based on he MO epo s ha a e needed o: check decla ed p omises o hese esou ces  ai ly di ide e enue be ween esou ces o mic og ids pa icipa ing in FCR p o ide p oo o wo k o upwa ds ma ke ac o s On he Mic og id le el, se e al moni o ing de ices and sys ems a e needed o da a collec ion and equency con ol: Sma me e s and senso s o signals acquisi ion and p ocessing by equency con olle (IED.FC) ha is he connec ion poin o mic og id cus ome s/p osume s o mic og id managemen sys em (MGMS). Agg ega o ha is p esen ed in his in e ace as a agg ega o managemen sys em (AMS) di ec ly in e ac s only wi h MGMSs om whe e i ecei es new published epo s wi h necessa y da a. Da a acquisi ion conside ed by he use case a e: Time-s amped o equency synch onized agg ega ed lexibili y capaci y (kW) ac i a ed o main ained o FCR. The e a e di e en scena ios how his in e ace could be implemen ed. The No mal Scena io 1 assumes ha da a abou FCR main enance a e deli e ed o MGMS and consequen ly o AMS pe iodically whene e FCR ac i a ion ook place o no ( ime based). In Al e na i e scena io 1, IED.FC deli e s da a o MGMS as well as MGMSs o AMS only in case o FCR ac i a ion (e en based). Al e na i e scena io 2 p oposes o deli e da a o MGMS and AMS only in case o he eques . The use case can be di ided in he ollowing pa s: 1. Flexibili y Fo ecas : MGMS de ines he a ailable lexibili y o he nex 36 hou s based on he wea he o ecas o Se ice P o ide , his o ical da a o mic og id loads, e c.* *The pa o he UC de o ed o he ini ial lexibili y moni o ing is omi ed since i is desc ibed in moni o ing UC. 2. Rese e No i ica ion: AMS no i ies MGMS abou he amoun o lexibili y needed o be main ained o FCR, MGMS ese es necessa y olume o he esou ces gi ing co esponding con ol commands o IED.FC. 3. F equency con ol: Scheduled esou ces o mic og id p o ide equency suppo 4. Rese e Ve i ica ion: Scheduled esou ces o mic og id sha e he da a abou cu en ac ual olume o he ese e main ained and ac i a ed o MGMS, MGMS analyzes he ob ained da a and e i ies ha con ol commands we e made in acco dance wi h scheduled ese e no i ica ion, hen i sends hese da a o AMS. 26 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Ac o s: De ailed Te minology Ac o Name Ac o Type Ac o Desc ip ion Fu he in o ma ion speci ic o his Use Case IED.FC De ice In elligen Elec onic De ice F equency Con olle IED.SM De ice In elligen Elec onic De ice Sma Me e MGMS Sys em Mic og id Managemen Sys em MGMS.DA Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion MGMS.DP Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a P ocessing MGMS.DT Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission MGMS.DM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen MGMS.DBM Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Base Managemen Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law, s anda d, o he s Cus ome -owned dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces (DERs) in o ma ion Da a om cus ome -owned DERs is equi ed as inpu o he MGMS. P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/Con ac T igge ing E en P e-condi ions Assump ion Pos -condi ions MGMS The sys em is up and unning. IED.FC The de ice is up and unning. IED.SM The de ice is up and unning. Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable) Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us Gene al Rema ks Gene al Rema ks 27 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case 28 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 29 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 3 S ep by S ep Analysis o Use Case Scena io No. P ima y Ac o T igge ing E en P e-Condi ion Pos -Condi ion 1.NS1: Rese e No i ica ion AMS AMS has ecei ed a bid app o al om he Rese e Ma ke . MGMS has supplied AMS wi h a ailable lexibili y and AMS bids hese esou ces on a hou ly Rese e Ma ke . MGMS has sen he Rese e No i ica ion o all necessa y esou ces. 2. NS2: F equency con ol IED.FC De ia ion o equency mo e han h eshold. Rese e No i ica ion was acknowledged by IED.FC. Con ol ac ion was aken o dec ease equency de ia ion. 3. NS3: Rese e Ve i ica ion MGMS Pe iodically (e.g. e e y minu e, e e y hou ) Da a o mic og id lexibili y ac i a ed and main ained o FCR is s o ed by MGMS.DBM. 4.AS1: E en based subsc ip ion epo IED.FC IED.SM gene a es he epo abou FCR main enance and ac i a ion i FCR ac i a ion ook place. MGMS has subsc ibed o ime- s amped lexibili y capaci y used o FCR. Da a o mic og id lexibili y ac i a ed o FCR is s o ed by MGMS.DBM. 5. AS2: Reques based epo AMS.DT DER.FC has ecei ed a eques abou alida ion epo om AMS. MGMS was eques ed e i ica ion epo . Da a o mic og id lexibili y ac i a ed and main ained o FCR is s o ed by MGMS.DBM. 6.AS3: Repo om IED.FC ailed MGMS.DT No da a we e acqui ed a e a imeou o eques . Reques was sen o IED.FC o imeou is se led in case o subsc ip ion. Da a o mic og id lexibili y ac i a ed and main ained o FCR is no s o ed by MGMS.DBM S eps – No mal Sequence Scena io Name : 1.NS1: Rese e No i ica ion S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID *Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io 1 Upda e Da a: Rese e No i ica ion AMS.DA sends an upda ed Rese e No i ica ion epo o AMS.DM AMS.DA AMS.DM Repo [Rese e No i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 2 Send Da a: Rese e No i ica ion AMS.DM sends Rese e No i ica ion epo o AMS.DT AMS.DM AMS.DT Reques o send [ ese e no i ica ion]Repo [ ese e no i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 3 POST Da a: ese e No i ica ion AMS.DT publishes a epo o MGMS.DA AMS.DT MGMS.DA Repo [ ese e no i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 4 Reques Da a: Da a Valida ion MGMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a o MGMS.DP MGMS.DA MGMS.DP Send signal [da a alida ion] Repo [inpu da a] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 5 Calcula ions: Da a alida ion MGMS.DP "check ou ines", ha check o co ec ness, meaning ulness, and secu i y o da a ha a e inpu o he sys em. MGMS.DP MGMS.DP No in o ma ion exchange 6 Upda e Da a: MGMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed da a o MGMS.DA MGMS.DP MGMS.DA Repo [da a TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 30 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Da a Valida ion alida ion] Ala m signal [da a alida ion] 7 S o e Da a: Rese e No i ica ion MGMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed da a o MGMS.DBM o s o e hem MGMS.DA MGMS.DBM S o e signal [ ese e no i ica ion] Repo [ ese e no i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 8 Send Da a: Rese e No i ica ion MGMS.DM eques s MGMS.DT o send ese e no i ica ion o IED.FC MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Send signal [ ese e no i ica ion] Repo [ ese e no i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 9 POST Da a: Rese e No i ica ion MGMS.DT sends da a o IED.FC MGMS.DT IED.FC Repo [ ese e no i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 Scena io Name : 2.NS2:F equency con ol S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID *Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io 1 Pe iodically Reques Da a: F equency Measu emen s IED.FC samples da a om IED.SM IED.FC IED.SM Reques signal [ equency measu emen s] TT4, TR4, SA1, A5 2 Upda e Da a: F equency Measu emen s IED.SM upda es he da a IED.SM IED.FC Repo [ equency measu emen s] TT4, TR4, SA1, A5 3 Pe iodically Calcula ions: F equency Con ol IED.FC p ocesses and analyses he da a, hen gene a es a new epo ha will be ansmi ed o he MGMS.DA IED.FC IED.FC No in o ma ion exchange Scena io Name : 3.NS3: Rese e Ve i ica ion S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID *Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io 1 Pe iodically Reques Da a: Ac i e Powe ( ) IED.FC eques s he da a om IED.SM IED.FC IED.SM Reques signal [ac i e powe ( )] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 2 Da a Upda e: Ac i e Powe ( ) IED.FC samples da a om IED.SM IED.SM IED.FC Repo [ac i e powe ( )] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 3 POST Da a: Ac i e Powe ( ) IED.FC publishes a epo , ha is acqui ed by MGMS.DA IED.FC MGMS.DA Repo [ac i e powe ( )] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 4 Reques Da a: P ocessed Da a MGMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a o MGMS.DP MGMS.DA MGMS.DP Reques o p ocess da a [ac i e powe ( )] Repo [ac i e TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 31 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases powe ( )] 5 Calcula ions: Da a alida ion MGMS.DP "check ou ines", ha check o co ec ness, meaning ulness, and secu i y o da a ha a e inpu o he sys em. MGMS.DP MGMS.DP No in o ma ion exchange 6 Upda e Da a: P ocessed Da a MGMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed da a o MGMS.DA MGMS.DP MGMS.DA Repo [ac i e powe ( )] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 7 Send Da a: Ac i e Powe ( ) MGMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed da a o MGMS.DM MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Repo [ac i e powe ( )] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 8 S o e Da a: Ac i e Powe ( ) MGMS.DM ansmi s he epo checked by MGMS.DP o MGMS.DBM MGMS.DM MGMS.DBM Reques o s o e da a [ac i e powe ( )] Repo [ac i e powe ( )] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 9 Reques Da a: Rese e Ve i ica ion MGMS.DM eques Rese e Ve i ica ion epo MGMS.DM MGMS.RV Reques signal [ ese e e i ica ion] Repo [ac i e powe ( )] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 10 Calcula ions: Rese e Ve i ica ion MGMS.DP c ea es Ve i ica ion No i ica ion MGMS.RV MGMS.RV No in o ma ion exchange 11 Upda e Da a: Rese e Ve i ica ion MGMS.DP e u ns he epo da a o MGMS.DM MGMS.DP MGMS.DM Repo [ ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 12 S o e Da a: Rese e Ve i ica ion MGMS.DM ans e s he p ocessed da a o MGMS.DBM MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Reques signal o send da a [ ese e e i ica ion] Repo [ ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io Scena io Name : 4. AS1: E en based subsc ip ion epo S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID 2a1 E en based/Th eshold c ossed Da a Upda e: Ac i e Powe ( ) IED.SM p ocesses and analyses he da a, hen gene a es a new epo ha will be ansmi ed o he IED.FC i h eshold was c ossed IED.SM IED.FC Repo [ac i e powe ( )] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 Scena io Name : 5. AS2: Reques based epo S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID 1-2a1 Reques Da a: Ac i e Powe ( ) MGMS.DA eques s a da a epo om IED.FC MGMS.DA IED.FC Reques signal [ac i e powe ( )] 1-2a2 POST IED.FC sends he da a o IED.FC MGMS.DA Repo [ac i e powe TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 32 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Da a: Ac i e Powe ( ) MGMS.DA ( )] Scena io Name : 6. AS3: Repo om IED.FC ailed S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID 3a1 Da a acquisi ion ails IED.FC could no ansmi a epo o MGMS.DA because An e o occu ed be ween end poin s IED.FC MGMS.DA NONE 3a2 Da a no i ica ion MGMS.DA no i ies MGMS.DT ha some IED.FC has no espond MGMS.DA MGMS.DT No i ica ion, Mic og id ID 3a3 Da a acquisi ion MGMS.DT sends eques o MGMS.DA MGMS.DT MGMS.DA S a e eques 33 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases sen o co esponding MOs. 4 Repo s o di e en mic og ids is c ea ed AMS.DT sends epo s o hose mic og ids ha we e included in he bid ha go accep ed AMS.DT MGMS.DA No i ica ion o accep ed bid (ID, ime, p ice) TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 Scena io Name : PS3: Agg ega o agg ega es epo s om (possibly) se e al mic og ids abou load/p oduc ion uni 's unc ioning and s o es i o Da abase in case o a need o e i ica ion. S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma io n P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi e- men s ID 1 Da a abou ope a ion o ese e a ge s a e pe iodically e ie ed om he MGMS da abase AMS.DA ecei es a epo om MGMS.DT MGMS.DT AMS.DA Time-se ies o o ecas ed powe s and ime-se ies o ac ual powe s TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 2 Da a is ecei ed om (possibly) se e al mic og ids AMS.DA ans e s he epo o AMS.DM AMS.DA AMS.DM Time-se ies o o ecas ed powe s and ime-se ies o ac ual powe s TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 3 Da a is ans e ed o AMS.DM Da a is s o ed in AMS.DB AMS.DM AMS.DB Time-se ies o o ecas ed powe s and ime-se ies o ac ual powe s TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io Scena io Name : AS1: Sys em Ope a o (DSO) wan s a e i ica ion o he ope a ion o ese es ha ha e been ac i e. S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma io n P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi e- men s ID 1 Need o FCR e i ica ion is ealized DMS.DT sends a eques o FCR e i ica ion DMS.DT AMS.DA Reques o FCR epo TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 2 Reques is ecei ed om DMS.DT AMS.DA ans e s he eques o AMS.DM AMS.DA AMS.DM Reques o FCR epo TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 3 Reques is ans e ed o AMS.DM AMS.DM e ie es he epo om Da abase AMS.DM AMS.DB Reques o FCR epo TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 4 Repo is ecei ed om Da abase AMS.DM ecei es he epo om Da abase AMS.DB AMS.DM FCR epo (Time- se ies o o ecas ed powe s and ime-se ies o ac ual powe s) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 5 Repo is ans e ed o AMS.DM AMS.DM ans es he epo in ques ion o AMS.DT AMS.DM AMS.DT FCR epo (Time- se ies o o ecas ed powe s and ime-se ies o ac ual powe s) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 6 Repo is ans e ed o AMS.DT AMS.DT sends he epo o DSO (DMS.DA) AMS.DT DMS.DA FCR epo (Time- se ies o o ecas ed powe s and ime-se ies o ac ual powe s) TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 40 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases FCR (TSO) de ailed 1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case Name o Use Case F equency Con ainmen Rese e by TSO Ve sion Managemen Changes / Ve sion Da e Name Au ho (s) o Commi ee Domain Expe P ima y, addi ional A ea o Expe ise / Domain / Role Ti le App o al S a us d a , o commen s, o o ing, inal 0.1 22.11.2017 Sami Repo (TUT) P ima y Co e eam Fi s d a D a o e iew 0.2 Ha monizing use case wi h he sequence diag am 12.4.2018 Ma i A o (VTT) P ima y Co e eam Second d a D a o e iew 0.3 Technical equi emen s, e ocusing o TSO 20.04.2018 Aleksei Mashalko (LUT) P ima y Co e eam Final Final Basic In o ma ion o Use Case Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case Clus e - Moni o ing, con ol, ma ke Highe Le el Use Case Con ol F equency Con ainmen Ma u i y o Use Case – in business ope a ion, ealized in demons a ion p ojec , ealised in R&D, in p epa a ion, isiona y Realized in R&D P io i iza ion Medium Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion Gene ic View - Technical / Business Technical Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion 41 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases F equency Con ainmen , Rese e Ma ke , Flexibili y Managemen Scope and Objec i es o Use Case Scope o Func ion This use case consis s o main enance, ac i a ion and e i ica ion o F equency Con ainmen Rese e by T ansmission Sys em Ope a o (TSO) Objec i es o Func ion This use case enables TSO o main ain and ope a e F equency Con ainmen Rese e wi h low-cos ese es o mic og ids in o de o con inuously main ain he necessa y balance be ween powe consump ion and p oduc ion. Na a i e o Use Case Sho desc ip ion – max 3 sen ences T ansmission Sys em Ope a o pu chases lexible capaci y om Rese e Ma ke Pla o m in o de o main ain he powe balance in he g id. A e wa ds, he ese e owne s send e i ica ion o he egula ion o TSO ia Agg ega o . Comple e desc ip ion This use case illus a es a scena io, whe e TSO uses low-cos ese es o mic og ids as a F equency Con ainmen Rese e (FCR). In hese case TSO: de e mines how much F equency Con ainmen Rese e (FCR) i will need o he u u e - Rese e Alloca ion acqui es ha FCR om Rese e Ma ke Pla o m (RMP) - Rese e No i ica ion moni o s he ope a ion o i s ese e a ge s - Rese e Ve i ica ion TSO is ep esen ed as ene gy managemen sys em (EMS). I in e ac s wi h ese e ma ke pla o m (RMP) and agg ega o managemen sys em (AMS). Ac o s: De ailed Te minology Ac o Name see De ailed Te minology Lis Ac o Type see De ailed Te minology Lis Ac o Desc ip ion see De ailed Te minology Lis Fu he in o ma ion speci ic o his Use Case EMS Sys em Ene gy Managemen Sys em EMS.DA Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion EMS.DT Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission EMS.DM Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen EMS.RV Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Rese e Ve i ica ion EMS.RA Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Rese e Alloca ion EMS.DBM Func ion Ene gy Managemen Sys em Da a Base Managemen RMP Ma ke Pla o m Rese e Ma ke Pla o m RMP.DA Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a Acquisi ion RMP.DMB Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a Base Managemen RMP.DM Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a Managemen RMP.DT Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a T ansmission RMP.MO Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Ma ke Ope a ions 42 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases RMP.MOP Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Me i O de Placemen RMP.DP Func ion Rese e Ma ke Pla o m Da a P ocessing AMS Sys em Agg ega o Managemen Sys em AMS.DM Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen AMS.DP Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a P ocessing AMS.DT Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission AMS.DBM Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Base Managemen DMS Sys em Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em DMS.DT Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission DMS.DM Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a Managemen DMS.SF Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em S a e Fo ecas Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law, s anda d, o he s P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/Con ac T igge ing E en P e-condi ions Assump ion Pos -condi ions AMS The sys em is up and unning EMS The sys em is up and unning RMP The pla o m is up and unning Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable) Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us Gene al Rema ks Gene al Rema ks 43 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case 44 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 45 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 3 S ep by S ep Analysis o Use Case Scena io No. P ima y Ac o T igge ing E en P e-Condi ion Pos -Condi ion P ima y scena io 1: Rese e Alloca ion EMS Pe iodically be o e he nex ma ke cycle. TSO equi es addi ional esou ces o hou ly ese e ma ke . The ese e alloca ion da a is deli e ed o RMP. P ima y scena io 2: Rese e No i ica ion RMP Pe iodically be o e he nex ma ke cycle. TSO has alloca ed he olume o he esou ces equi ed o hou ly ese e ma ke . TSO is no i ied abou pu chased ese es o hou ly ese e ma ke . P ima y scena io 3: Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS Time based epo TSO has pu chased some FCR om he RMP. TSO has ecei ed e i ica ion abou ope a ion o ese e a ge s. Al e na i e scena io 1: Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS E en based epo TSO has pu chased some FCR om he RMP. TSO has ecei ed e i ica ion abou ope a ion o ese e a ge s. Al e na i e scena io 2:Rese e Ve i ica ion EMS Reques o he epo TSO has pu chased some FCR om he RMP. TSO has ecei ed e i ica ion abou ope a ion o ese e a ge s. Al e na i e scena io 3:Rese e No i ica ion RMP Be o e he nex ma ke cycle RMP eques alida ion om DMS. The capaci y limi o he esou ces om he speci ic a ea is exceeded. RMP ecei es alida ion o esou ce ac i a ion. S eps – No mal Sequence Scena io Name : P ima y scena io 1: Rese e Alloca ion S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID *Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io 1 Reques Da a: Rese e Alloca ion EMS.DM eques s Rese e Alloca ion epo om EMS.RA EMS.DM EMS.RA Reques signal [ ese e alloca ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 2 Calcula ions: Rese e Alloca ion EMS.RA calcula es Rese e Alloca ion epo EMS.RA EMS.RA No in o ma ion exchange 3 Upda e Da a: Rese e Alloca ion EMS.RA sends an upda ed Rese e Alloca ion epo o EMS.DM EMS.RA EMS.DM Repo [ ese e alloca ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 4 Send Da a: Rese e Alloca ion EMS.DM sends Rese e Alloca ion epo o EMS.DT EMS.DM EMS.DT Reques o send [ ese e alloca ion]Repo [ ese e alloca ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 5 POST Da a: Rese e Alloca ion EMS.DT publishes a epo o RMP.DA EMS.DT RMP.DA Repo [ ese e alloca ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 6 Reques Da a: Da a Valida ion RMP.DA ans e s an inpu da a o RMP.DP RMP.DA RMP.DP Send signal [da a alida ion] Repo [inpu da a] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 7 Calcula ions: Da a RMP.DP "check ou ines", ha check o co ec ness, meaning ulness, and secu i y o da a ha a e inpu o he sys em. RMP.DP RMP.DP No in o ma ion exchange 46 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases alida ion 8 Upda e Da a: Da a Valida ion RMP.DP e u ns he p ocessed da a o RMP.DA RMP.DP RMP.DA Repo [da a alida ion] Ala m signal [da a alida ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 9 S o e Da a: Rese e Alloca ion MGMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed da a o MGMS.DBM o s o e hem RMP.DA RMP.DBM S o e signal [ ese e alloca ion] Repo [ ese e alloca ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 Scena io Name: P ima y scena io 2: Rese e No i ica ion S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID *Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io 1 Reques Da a: Me i O de Lis RMP.DM eques s me i o de lis om RMP.MOP RMP.DM RMP.MOP Reques signal [me i o de lis ] Repo [O e s] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 2 Calcula ions: Me i O de Placemen RMP.MOP calcula es Me i O de Lis RMP.MOP RMP.MOP No in o ma ion exchange 3 Upda e Da a: Me i O de Lis RMP.MOP upda es Me i O de Lis o RMP.DM RMP.MOP RMP.DM Repo [me i o de lis ] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 4 Reques Da a: Rese e No i ica ion RMP.DM eques s Rese e No i ica ion om RMP.MO RMP.DM RMP.MO Reques signal [ ese e no i ica ion] Repo [me i o de lis ] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 5 Calcula ions: Rese e No i ica ion RMP.MO calcula es Rese e No i ica ion RMP.MO RMP.MO No in o ma ion exchange 6 Upda e Da a: Rese e No i ica ion RMP.MO upda es Rese e No i ica ion o RMP.DM RMP.MO RMP.DM Repo [ ese e no i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 7 Send Da a: Rese e No i ica ion RMP.DM sends Rese e No i ica ion epo o RMP.DT RMP.DM RMP.DT Reques o send [ ese e no i ica ion]Repo [ ese e no i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 8 POST Da a: ese e No i ica ion RMP.DT publishes a epo o EMS.DA RMP.DT EMS.DA Repo [ ese e no i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 9 Reques Da a: Da a Valida ion EMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a o EMS.DP EMS.DA EMS.DP Send signal [da a alida ion] Repo [inpu da a] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 10 Calcula ions: Da a alida ion EMS.DP "check ou ines", ha check o co ec ness, meaning ulness, and secu i y o da a ha a e inpu o he sys em. EMS.DP EMS.DP No in o ma ion exchange 11 Upda e Da a: Da a Valida ion EMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed da a o EMS.DA EMS.DP EMS.DA Repo [da a alida ion] Ala m signal [da a alida ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 12 S o e Da a: Rese e No i ica ion EMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed da a o EMS.DBM o s o e hem EMS.DA EMS.DBM S o e signal [ ese e no i ica ion] Repo [ ese e no i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 47 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Scena io Name: P ima y scena io 3: Rese e Ve i ica ion S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID *Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io 1 Reques Da a: MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS.DM pe iodically eques s he epo om AMS.DBM AMS.DM AMS.DBM Reques signal [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 2 Upda e Da a: MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS.DBM ansmi s an upda ed epo o AMS.DM AMS.DBM MGMS.DM Repo [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 3 Send Da a: MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS.DM ans e s a epo o AMS.DT AMS.DM AMS.DT Send signal o send [mgs ese e e i ica ion] Repo [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 4 POST Da a: MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS.DT POST a epo o AMS.DA AMS.DT EMS.DA Repo [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 5 Reques Da a: Da a Valida ion EMS.DA ans e s an inpu da a o EMS.DP EMS.DA EMS.DP Send signal [da a alida ion] Repo [inpu da a] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 6 Calcula ions: Da a alida ion EMS.DP "check ou ines", ha check o co ec ness, meaning ulness, and secu i y o da a ha a e inpu o he sys em. EMS.DP EMS.DP No in o ma ion exchange 7 Upda e Da a: Da a Valida ion EMS.DP e u ns he p ocessed da a o EMS.DA EMS.DP EMS.DA Repo [da a alida ion] Ala m signal [da a alida ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 8 S o e Da a: Inpu Da a EMS.DA ans e s he p ocessed da a o EMS.DBM o s o e hem EMS.DA EMS.DBM S o e signal [Inpu da a] Repo [da a alida ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 9 Reques Da a: Rese e Ve i ica ion EMS.DM eques Rese e Ve i ica ion epo EMS.DM EMS.RV Reques signal [ ese e e i ica ion] Repo [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 10 Calcula ions: Rese e Ve i ica ion EMS.DP c ea es Ve i ica ion No i ica ion EMS.RV EMS.RV No in o ma ion exchange 11 Upda e Da a: Rese e Ve i ica ion EMS.DP e u ns he epo da a o EMS.DM EMS.DP EMS.DM Repo [ ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 12 S o e Da a: Rese e Ve i ica ion EMS.DM ans e s he p ocessed da a o EMS.DBM EMS.DM EMS.DT Reques signal o send da a [ ese e e i ica ion] Repo [ ese e TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 48 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases e i ica ion] S eps – Al e na i e, E o Managemen , and/o Main enance/Backup Scena io Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 1: Rese e Ve i ica ion S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID 2a1 E en based/Th eshold c ossed Da a Upda e: MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS.DBM p ocesses and analyses he da a, hen gene a es a new epo ha will be ansmi ed o he AMS.DM i h eshold was c ossed AMS.DBM AMS.DM Repo [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 2: Rese e Ve i ica ion S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID 1-4a1 GET Da a: MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion EMS.DA eques s a da a epo om AMS.DT EMS.DA AMS.DT Reques signal [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 1-4a2 Reques Da a: MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS.DT eques s MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion om AMS.DBM AMS.DT AMS.DBM Reques signal [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 1-4a3 Reques Da a: MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS.DBM e ie es he da a om AMS.DB AMS.DBM AMS.DB Reques signal [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 1-4a4 Upda e Da a: MGs Rese e Ve i ica ion AMS.DM e ie es he da a om AMS.DB AMS.DB AMS.DBM Repo [mgs ese e e i ica ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 Scena io Name : Al e na i e scena io 3: Rese e No i ica ion S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID *Con i ma ion messages a e cu en ly no included in he scena io 1 Reques Da a: Rese e Valida ion RMP.DM eques s Rese e Valida ion epo om RMP.DA RMP.DM RMP.DA Reques signal [ ese e alida ion] Repo [o e s lis ] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 2 GET Da a: Rese e Valida ion RMP.DA eques s Rese e Valida ion epo om DMS.DT RMP.DA DMS.DT Reques signal [ ese e alida ion] Repo [o e s lis ] TT1 TR4 SA4 A0 3 Reques Da a: Rese e Valida ion DMS.DT impo s he da a o DMS.DM DMS.DT DMS.DM Reques signal [ ese e alida ion] Repo [o e s lis ] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 4 Reques Da a: Rese e Valida ion DMS.DM eques s Rese e Valida ion epo om DMS.CV DMS.DM DMS.CV Reques signal [ ese e alida ion] TT1 TR4 SA2 A0 49 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases been accep ed on he ma ke no i ica ion om Agg ega o o accep ed bid (up- o down egula ion, amoun (MW), ime pe iod, p ice, loca ion) SA4, A0 2 MGMS.DA has ecei ed he accep ed bid MGMS.DA ans e s he no i ica ion o MGMS.DM MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Regula ion in o ma ion (up- o down egula ion, amoun (MW), ime pe iod, p ice, loca ion) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 3 MGMS.DM has ecei ed he accep ed bid MGMS.DM eads he no i ica ion and gene a es sepa a e no i ica ions o be sen o p ope CEMS's ia MGMS.DT MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Regula ion in o ma ion (up- o down egula ion, amoun (MW), ime pe iod, p ice, loca ion) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 4 Accep ed bid is sepa e ed in o single no i ica ions conce ning sepa a e CEMSs MGMS.DT sends he no i ica ions o p ope CEMS's MGMS.DT CEMS Regula ion in o ma ion (up- o down egula ion, amoun (MW), ime pe iod, p ice, loca ion) TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 Scena io Name : PS3: Ac i a ion o CRP egula ion S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi e- men s ID 1 No i ica ion MO ecei es ac i a ion no i ica ion om Agg ega o o accep ed bid AMS.DT MGMS.DA Con ol command TT3, TR4, SA4, A2 2 MGMS.DA has ecei ed no i ica ion o accep ed bid MGMS.DA sends he no i ica ion o MGMS.DM MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Con ol command TT3, TR4, SA2, A2 3 No i ica ion is send o MGMS.DM MGMS.DM sends he no i ica ion o MGMS.DT o dis ibu ion o p ope CEMSs MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Con ol command TT3, TR4, SA2, A2 4 No i ica ion is send o MGMS.DT MGMS.DT dis ibu es he con ol commands o CEMSs based on he ac i a ion no i ica ions. MGMS.DT CEMS Con ol command TT3, TR4, SA4, A2 5 CEMS has execu ed he egula ion CEMS sends e i ica ion o egula ion o MGMS.DA CEMS MGMS.DA Ve i ica ion TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 6 MGMS.DA has ecei ed e i ica ion o egula ion MGMS.DA sends e i ica ion o egula ion o MGMS.DM MGMS.DA MGMS.DM Ve i ica ion TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 7 MGMS.DM has ecei ed e i ica ion o egula ion MGMS.DM c ea es summa y epo o e i ica ion no i ica ions and sends i o MGMS.DT MGMS.DM MGMS.DT Ve i ica ion TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 8 MGMS.DT has ecei ed e i ica ion o egula ion MGMS.DT sends he summa y epo o e i ica ions o AMS.DA MGMS.DT AMS.DA Ve i ica ion TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 56 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases DSO lexibili y (Agg ega o ) de ailed 1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case Name o Use Case Ve sion Managemen Changes / Ve sion Da e Name Au ho (s) o Commi ee Domain Expe P ima y, addi ional A ea o Expe ise / Domain / Role Ti le App o al S a us d a , o commen s, o o ing, inal 0.1 24.11.2017 Au ho : Ville Tuominen (TUT) P ima y Co e eam Fi s d a D a o e iew 0.2 5.1.2018 Ville Tuominen (TUT) P ima y Co e eam Second d a D a o e iew 0.3 Ha monizing De ailed UC wi h sequence diag am 9.4.2018 Ma i A o (VTT) P ima y Co e eam Thi d d a D a o e iew 0.4 Added Sequence Diag ams and Technical Requi emen s 23.4.2018 Ma i A o (VTT) P ima y Co e eam Final Final Basic In o ma ion o Use Case Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case Clus e - Moni o ing, con ol, ma ke Highe Le el Use Case Con ol Flexibili y managemen Ma u i y o Use Case Unde de elopmen P io i isa ion High Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion Gene ic View Technical 57 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion Flexibili y se ices, dis ibu ed ene gy esou ces Scope and Objec i es o Use Case Scope o Func ion This use case desc ibes how Agg ega o ope a es as an in e media y be ween Mic og id Ope a o (MO) and Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m (FMP) (and DSO) enabling MO o pa icipa e in he Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m wi hou di ec con ac he e. Objec i es o Func ion Objec i e o Agg ega o he e is o pa icipa e in he FMP wi h a po olio ha includes Dis ibu ed Ene gy Resou ces (DERs) possibly om se e al mic og ids. Na a i e o Use Case Sho desc ip ion – max 3 sen ences Use case desc ibes he ole o Agg ega o in ading o lexible esou ces be ween Mic og id Ope a o and Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m. Comple e desc ip ion This use case shows equi ed in e aces and unc ionali ies o Agg ega o o ade lexibili y se ices be ween MO and FMP. Mic og id Ope a o p o ides i s lexible esou ces o Agg ega o who hen c ea es bids ou o (possibly) se e al mic og ids. In his use case all he communica ion and in e ac ion be ween MO, FMP and DSO is assumed o go h ough he Agg ega o . Ac o s: De ailed Te minology Ac o Name see De ailed Te minology Lis Ac o Type see De ailed Te minology Lis Ac o Desc ip ion see De ailed Te minology Lis Fu he in o ma ion speci ic o his Use Case AMS IT sys em Agg ega o Managemen Sys em AMS.DB Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Base AMS.DT Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission AMS.DA Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion AMS.TS Func ion Agg ega o Managemen Sys em T ading Sys em DMS IT sys em Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em DMS.DA Func ion Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion DMS.DT Func ion Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission FMP IT Pla o m Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m FMP.DA Func ion Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m Da a Acquisi ion MGMS IT sys em Mic og id Managemen Sys em MGMS.DA Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a Acquisi ion MGMS.DT Func ion Mic og id Managemen Sys em Da a T ansmission 58 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Issues: Legal Con ac s, Legal Regula ions, Cons ain s and o he s Issue - he e speci ic ones Impac o Issue on Use Case Re e ence – law, s anda d, o he s P econdi ions, Assump ions, Pos condi ion, E en s Ac o /Sys em/In o ma ion/Con ac T igge ing E en P e-condi ions Assump ion Pos -condi ions AMS The sys em is up and unning DMS The sys em is up and unning MGMS The sys em is up and unning Re e enced S anda ds and / o S anda diza ion Commi ees (i a ailable) Rele an S anda diza ion Commi ees S anda ds suppo ing he Use Case S anda d S a us Gene al Rema ks Gene al Rema ks The ocus is in Condi ional Re-P o iling (CRP) 2 D awing o Diag am o Use Case 59 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 3 S ep by S ep Analysis o Use Case Scena io No. P ima y Ac o T igge ing E en P e-Condi ion Pos -Condi ion P ima y scena io 1: Agg ega o p o ides CRP bids o Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m (FMP) AMS.DA Pe iodically be o e ga e closu e. Mic og id(s) has lexible esou ces o be p o ided in FMP. Bids a e sen o FMP P ima y scena io 2: Agg ega o 's bid(s) ge s accep ed in FMP AMS.DA Viola ion o powe quali y was o ecas ed by DSO and hus Agg ega o s bid(s) is accep ed om he FMP. Agg ega o has p o ided bid(s) o FMP. In o ma ion abou accep ed bid(s) is sen o MO. 60 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases P ima y scena io 3: Agg ega o 's bid(s) ge s ac i a ed by DSO AMS.DA Viola ion o powe quali y was de ec ed by DSO and ac i a ion signal is ecei ed by Agg ega o . Accepe ed bid(s) and he esou ces i conce ns a e eady o ac on command Resou ces ha we e ese ed a e ac i a ed. S eps – No mal Sequence Scena io Name : PS1: Agg ega o p o ides CRP bids o Flexibili y Ma ke S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi e- men s ID 1a Fo ecas upda e Pe iodically Se ice P o ide sends p ice o ecas s o AMS.DA SP AMS.DA P ice o ecas TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 1b Flexibili y epo Pe iodically MGMS.DT sends pe iodically a epo o he lexibili y o AMS.DA MGMS.DT AMS.DA Time se ies o a ailable up and down lexibili y o e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/down), Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion ime [s]) TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 2 Da a agg ega ion AMS.DA sends all ecei ed lexibili y epo s o AMS.DM o da a managemen AMS.DA AMS.DM Time se ies o a ailable up and down lexibili y o e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/down), Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion ime [s]) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 3 Da a managemen AMS.DM agg ega es in o ma ion om all lexible esou ces ha i has o he nex ime pe iod and sends ha da a o T ading Sys em o bid c ea ion AMS.DM AMS.TS Time se ies o a ailable up and down lexibili y o e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/down), Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion ime [s]) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 4 Bid c ea ion AMS.TS c ea es lexibili y bids o he ma ke s AMS.TS AMS.TS Time se ies o a ailable up and down lexibili y o e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/ down), Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion ime [s],P ice [€/ MW]) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 5 Bids a e c ea ed and eady o be send o he ma ke s AMS.TS sends he bids o AMS.DM o be sen o ma ke s AMS.TS AMS.DM Time se ies o a ailable up and down lexibili y o e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/ down), Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion ime [s],P ice [€/ MW]) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 6 Bids a e c ea ed and eady o be send o he ma ke s AMS.DM sends he bids o AMS.DT o be sen o ma ke s AMS.DM AMS.DT Time se ies o a ailable up and down lexibili y o e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/ down), Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion ime [s],P ice [€/ MW]) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 7 Bid(s) is eady o be sen o FMP AMS.DT sends he o e o FMP.DA AMS.DT FMP.DA Time se ies o a ailable up and down lexibili y o e e y cycle s ep (Loca ion, Powe [kW], Di ec ion (up/ down), Du a ion ime [s], Ac i a ion ime [s],P ice [€/ MW]) TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 8 Con i ma ion FMP con i ms ha he bid(s) is FMP.DA AMS.DT FMP in o ms AMS abou TT1, TR4, 61 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases no ice ecei ed in he ma ke place ecei ed bids SA4, A0 Scena io Name : PS2: Agg ega o 's bid(s) ge s accep ed in FMP S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi e- men s ID 1 Bid is accep ed FMP sends no i ica ion o AMS ha he bid is accep ed as a ese e o CRP FMP.DT AMS.DA No i ica ion o accep ed bid (ID, ime, p ice) TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 2 No i ica ion is ecei ed AMS.DA sends he no i ica ion o Da a Managemen AMS.DA AMS.DM No i ica ion o accep ed bid (ID, ime, p ice) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 3 No i ica ion is sen o Da a Managemen Da a Managemen sepa e es he DERs o di e en mic og ids om he bid o be sen o co esponding MOs. AMS.DM AMS.DT No i ica ion o accep ed bid (ID, ime, p ice) TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 4 Repo s o di e en mic og ids is c ea ed AMS.DT sends epo s o hose mic og ids ha we e included in he bid ha go accep ed AMS.DT MGMS.DA No i ica ion o accep ed bid (ID, ime, p ice) TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 Scena io Name : PS3: Agg ega o 's bid(s) ge s ac i a ed by DSO S ep No. E en Desc ip ion o P ocess/Ac i i y In o ma ion P oduce In o ma ion Recei e In o ma ion Exchanged Technical Requi emen s ID 1 Bid is ac i a ed DSO sends no i ica ion o AMS ha he bid ha was accep ed o a ese e now needs o be ac i a ed DMS.DT AMS.DA No i ica ion o ac i a ed bid (ID, ime, p ice) TT3, TR4, SA4, A2 2 No i ica ion is ecei ed AMS.DA sends he no i ica ion o Da a Managemen AMS.DA AMS.DM No i ica ion o ac i a ed bid (ID, ime, p ice) TT3, TR4, SA2, A2 3 No i ica ion is sen o Da a Managemen Da a Managemen sepa e es he DERs o di e en mic og ids om he bid o be sen o co esponding MOs. AMS.DM AMS.DT No i ica ion o ac i a ed bid (ID, ime, p ice) TT3, TR4, SA2, A2 4 Repo s o di e en mic og ids is c ea ed AMS.DT sends ac i a ion commands o hose mic og ids ha we e included in he bid ha go ac i a ed AMS.DT MGMS.DA No i ica ion o ac i a ed bid (ID, ime, p ice) TT3, TR4, SA4, A2 5 Regula ion is execu ed inside mic og ids MO sends epo o ac i a ed (execu ed) egula ions MGMS.DT AMS.DA Repo / ime- se ies TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 6 Repo o execu ed egula ion om (se e al) mic og id is ecei ed AMS.DA sends he epo o Da a Managemen o epo agg ega ion AMS.DA AMS.DM Repo / ime- se ies TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 7 Repo s a e agg ega ed in Da a Managemen Da a Managemen agg ega es epo s om (possibly) se e al mic og ids and c ea es one epo co esponding he ini ial bid. Then sends i o Da a T ansmission AMS.DM AMS.DT Repo / ime- se ies TT1, TR4, SA2, A0 8 Repo is eady o be sen o DMS AMS.DT sends he epo o ac i a ed egula ions o DMS.DA AMS.DT DMS.DA Repo / ime- se ies TT1, TR4, SA4, A0 62 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases 63 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases DSO lexibili y (DSO) de ailed 1 Desc ip ion o he Use Case Name o Use Case Flexibili y managemen o Mic og ids by DSO (FMM) Ve sion Managemen Changes / Ve sion Da e Name Au ho (s) o Commi ee Domain Expe P ima y, addi ional A ea o Expe ise / Domain / Role Ti le App o al S a us d a , o commen s, o o ing, inal Ve sion 0.1: Technical pa o he use case 17.11.2017 Au ho : Aleksei Mashlako (LUT) Re iewe s: Ville Tikka Samuli Honkapu o P ima y Ene gy expe s, co e eam Fi s d a D a o commen s Ve sion 0.2: (adjus ed e minology) 04.01.2018 Aleksei Mashlako (LUT) P ima y Co e eam Second d a D a o e iew Ve sion 0.3: (ha monizing de ailed use cases wi h implemen a ion use case) 22.03.2018 Aleksei Mashlako (LUT) P ima y Co e eam Final Final Basic In o ma ion o Use Case Sou ce(s) / Li e a u e Link Condi ions (limi a ions) o Use Rela ion o Highe Le el Use Case Clus e Highe Le el Use Case Con ol Flexibili y managemen Ma u i y o Use Case Unde de elopmen P io i iza ion High Gene ic, Regional o Na ional Rela ion 64 Appendix II – De ailed Use Cases Gene ic View - Technical / Business Technical Fu he Keywo ds o Classi ica ion Powe quali y con ol, lexibili y managemen , mic og id con ol Scope and Objec i es o Use Case Scope o Func ion This use case demons a es how Dis ibu ion Sys em Ope a o (DSO) in e ac s wi h bo h Flexibili y Ma ke Ope a o (FMO) in o de o e alua e he easibili y o applica ions o lexible esou ces and Agg ega o o ac i a e lexibili y o mic og ids i necessa y. Objec i es o Func ion This is needed by DSO o imp o e powe quali y in he ne wo k and op imize expenses in he condi ions o g id agmen a ion and high DER adop ion. Na a i e o Use Case Sho desc ip ion – max 3 sen ences This use case demons a es how DSO in e ac s wi h FMO and Agg ega o o imp o e powe quali y in he ne wo k by use o lexibili y po en ial o mic og ids as condi ional e-p o iling (CRP) p oduc . Comple e desc ip ion Mic og id lexibili y as a lexibili y ma ke commodi y could each and balance he ollowing goals o DSO o scena ios o high DER adop ion: Mi iga ion o conges ions in he LV/MV ne wo ks Handling amping issues Reduc ion o he LV/MV ne wo k losses Minimizing he load con ol ac ions and ap change ope a ions Reducing he ol age iola ion a each node Main ain equency s abili y wi hin he empo a y island ope a ion o dis ibu ion g id This use case p o ides he equi ed in e aces o ope a ion o he DSO lexibili y managemen . DSO is ep esen ed by he au oma ion sys em called Dis ibu ion Managemen Sys em (DMS) ha can di ec ly in e ac wi h he ollowing ac o s: Agg ega o Managemen Sys em (AMS) ha dis ibu es capaci y con ol commands o DMS o mic og ids whose lexibili y was pu chased in ad ance. Flexibili y Ma ke Pla o m (FMP) ha p o ides agg ega ed lexibili y po en ial in o ma ion o mic og ids and p ice bids o ac i a ion o his capaci y. The use case can be di ided on cycle ahead and eal- ime ac ions ha include ollowing pa s: Pu chase o CRP p oduc : On he cycle-ahead pa DMS p o ides s a e o ecas o he g id and de ines possible powe quali y iola ion. To p e en de e io a ion o he powe quali y, DMS eques s lis o lexibili y o e s om FMP ha co esponds o DMS con ol a ea, hen DMS calcula es s a e op imiza ion, and pu chases CRP p oduc s by eques ing bids om FMP. Ac i a ion o pu chased CRP: On he eal- ime pa , DMS uses s a e es ima ion o he g id and, i he quali y de e io a ion is de ec ed, i de ines op imal eal- ime se poin s (s a e op imiza ion) o mic og id lexibili y and sends ac i a ion commands o mic og ids h ough AMS. Ve i ica ion phase: Finally, he DMS is ecei ing e i ica ion epo s allowing o e i y he implemen a ion o sen 65