35
FAUNISTISCH-ÖKOLOGISCHE MITTEILUNGEN 13/2024
KIEL-UP • DOI: 10.38072/2699-7762/p26
Fi s eco ds o C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767)
(Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Ge many
E s e Nachweise on C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767)
(Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Deu schland
Lenna Bendixen 1, Niklas Büchel2, Jö g Tilmans3, Thomas Hö en 4, Augus ijn De Ke elae e 5,
Fons Ve heyde 6
1 Moh ki ch,
lenna [email p o ec ed]
2 Köln
3 Mönchengladbach
4 Essen
5 Bee nem (Belgium)
6 Oos ende (Belgium)
Schlüsselwö e :
eingeschlepp e A , Faunis ik,
pa asi oide Wespen
Zusammen assung
Die Schlup wespe C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) wi d e s mals in
Deu schland nachgewiesen, basie end au einem im Mai 2023 in einem Kölne
Supe ma k o og a ie en Weibchen und einem im Dezembe 2023 in einem
Mönchengladbache Wohnzimme ge angenen Männchen.
Abs ac
The ichneumonine Da win wasp C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) is e-
po ed o he i s ime om Ge many based on a emale pho og aphed in May
2023 in a Cologne supe ma ke and a male caugh in Decembe 2023 in a li ing
oom in Mönchengladbach.
Keywo ds:
In oduced species, aunis ics,
pa asi oid wasps
1. In oduc ion
C enocha es bicolo us, a well-known A ican species
in oduced o Sou he n Eu ope, has been eco ded
om No hwes Eu ope only ecen ly, namely om
England (Jones 2001), Belgium and he Ne he lands
(Ve heyde 2019). C enocha es Fö s e , 1868 is a small
genus mo e o less con ined o he A ican con inen
(Yu e al. 2016), o which only C. bicolo us is a esiden
o Con inen al Eu ope.
In May 2023, a conspicuous emale ichneumonid
si ing on cauli lowe was pho og aphed by NB in a
“Rewe” supe ma ke in Cologne. The image was up-
loaded o iNa u alis , la e de e mined as ichneumonid
by ano he use and hence was ound by LB while
scanning Ge man eco ds o ichneumonids on ci izen
science pla o ms.
In Decembe 2023, a male o he same species was
ound by JT in his li ing oom a e e u ning om
a supe ma ke . I was uploaded o Na u gucke .de
and Obse a ion.o g, whe e i was iden i ied by he
AI as C enocha es bicolo us. The male specimen was
handed o e o TH in a con aine wi h some suga
wa e he day a e he eco d whe e i li ed o an-
o he 21 days.
13/2024 FAUNISTISCH-ÖKOLOGISCHE MITTEILUNGEN
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DOI: 10.38072/2699-7762/p26
36 Bendixen e al.:
Fi s eco ds o C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Ge many
2. Ma e ials & Me hods
The emale specimen was pho og aphed in-si u by NB
using an iPhone 13 mini. The image was uploaded o
iNa u alis .com and can be ound he e: h ps://www.
ina u alis .o g/obse a ions/161387157 (las accessed
Decembe 3, 2024).
The male specimen was pho og aphed in a plas ic box
by JT using a Panasonic DC-TZ202D and lashligh .
The images we e uploaded o Na u gucke and obse -
a ion.o g and can be ound a h ps://na u gucke .
de/?bild=-176285818 (las accessed Decembe 3, 2024)
and h ps://obse a ion.o g/obse a ion/294800844/
(las accessed Decembe 3, 2024). The specimen was
gi en o Thomas Hö en and is now deposi ed in he
collec ion o he En omologische Ve ein K e eld.
To make su e no eco ds we e missed, all unseen Ge -
man eco ds o ichneumonids on Na u gucke .de and
Obse a ion.o g and all Cen al Eu opean eco ds o
ichneumonids on iNa u alis we e checked du ing he
win e o 2023/2024 by LB.
He e, Cen al Eu ope is de ined in he sense o Jo dan’s
(2005) coun y-based di ision o Eu ope, including
Ge many, Luxembou g, Swi ze land, Liech ens ein,
Aus ia, Slo enia, C oa ia, Hunga y, Slo akia, Czechia,
Poland, Li huania, La ia and Es onia.
3. Resul s
The emale om Köln was iden i ied as C enocha es bicol-
o us (Linnaeus, 1767) by LB. The male om Mönchen-
gladbach was iden i ied by he app “ObsIden i y” as he
same species and was alida ed by ADK. These a e he
i s eco ds om Ge many known o us and a he same
ime possibly he i s om Cen al Eu ope.
Recogni ion
F om pho os, he species can be easily ecognised on i s
habi us and colou s: wi h he icolou ed lagellum and
black/ ed mesosoma wi h o ange scu ellum, combined
wi h he conspicuously da kened o e wing ip and api-
cal me asomal e gi es, C. bicolo us is ha dly o be mis-
aken o any o he species. Ano he help ul cha ac e
is he slende appea ance wi h he me asoma p o ud-
ing conspicuously beyond he ip o he o ewing. The
equally conspicuous bu la ge Callajoppa exal a o ia
(Panze , 1804) can be dis inguished om C. bicolo us
by a mainly black mesoscu um, black p opodeum, lack
o a whi e an ennal ing, less dis inc in usca ion o he
o ewing ip and s ou e body shape.
Wi h a specimen a hand, he lack o any p opodeal
ca ina ion combined wi h he pec ina e claws a e dis-
inc i e (Gauld 1984), al hough Hein ich (1967) poin s
ou ha he deg ee o pec ina ion o he claws unde lies
conside able a ia ion and is no always well isible.
Gauld (1984) and Ve heyde (2019) desc ibe addi ional
cha ac e is ics.
Obse a ion.o g’s AI iden i ied he male specimen dis-
cussed he e co ec ly. Conce ning ichneumonids, his
ool is mainly ‘ ained’ by FV’s and ADK’s app oxima e-
ly 230.000 Belgian and Du ch alida ed eco ds (pa ial-
ly a ailable on GBIF). This inding p o es he AI wo ks
well o many o he mo e easily ecognisable species,
e en i only ew pic u es (in his case app ox. 10) a e
a ailable. Because o he au oma ic labelling, he e-
co d o he male C. bicolo us could be de ec ed quickly
and hus alida ed wi hou much e o . This app oach,
o cou se, in ol es he isk o o e looking eco ds no
iden i ied co ec ly by he AI o only o amily le el, as
happened o he emale uploaded o iNa u alis , which
was p obably oo small in ela ion o he pho o size o
be ecognised by iNa u alis ’s AI as C. bicolo us.
Fig. 1: Female C enocha es bicolo us in a Cologne supe ma ke ,
13 h o May 2023, Köln, Ge many. Pho o (c opped) Niklas Büchel.
Bendixen e al.:
Fi s eco ds o C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Ge many
37
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Fig. 3: Male C enocha es bicolo us, 18 h o Decembe 2023, Mön-
chengladbach, Ge many. Pho o Jö g Tilmans.
Fig. 2: Male C enocha es bicolo us, 18 h o Decembe 2023, Mön-
chengladbach, Ge many. Pho o Jö g Tilmans.
4. Discussion
Biology
The supposed main hos o C. bicolo us is he polypha-
gous plusiine mo h Ch ysodeixis chalci es (Espe , 1789)
(Lepidop e a: Noc uidae) (Fi on e al. 1983), which is
dis ibu ed om Sou he n Eu ope o Sou he n A ica.
Wi h he help o sou he ly winds, adul s om he Med-
i e anean occasionally mig a e o Cen al and No he n
Eu ope (Collins e al. 2014) bu he species is mo e o -
en in oduced o Ge many as la a wi h i s ood plan s
(S eine e al. 2014). In he Ne he lands, C. chalci es can
be e y common in g eenhouses whe e i mainly eeds
on Toma o (Ve heyde 2019). I is no ye known o ep o-
duce in he wild in Ge many bu has ecen ly been e-
po ed o do so in Sou h Ti ol (Ei schbe ge & F ei 2019).
The ela ed plusiine mo h Au og apha gamma (Lin-
naeus, 1758), a known hos o C. bicolo us in Mal a
(Mi sud e al. 2019), howe e , is one o he commones
mo hs in Ge many. Thus, i is no impossible ha C.
bicolo us will be able o es ablish popula ions in Cen-
al Eu ope in he u u e. In he Ne he lands, he spe-
cies has al eady been ound “in he wild” (al hough
in an u ban en i onmen ) as ea ly as 2018 (h ps://
waa neming.nl/obse a ion/157152942/, las accessed
Decembe 3, 2024).
Dis ibu ion
Whils o he membe s o he genus a e la gely con ined
o sub-Saha an A ica, C. bicolo us shows an unusual-
ly wide dis ibu ion om Sou he n A ica o Sou he n
Eu ope, which led o se e al desc ip ions o he species
in a ious gene a (Hein ich 1967). Gué in-Méne ille
(1848, as Ichneumon ins uc o F.) was al eady awa e
o i s occu ence in bo h Cape o Good Hope and Sicily
wi hou exp essing any doub s ha hese eco ds e-
e o he same species. Apa om his, Be houmieu
(1894) was he i s o men ion occu ences on he Eu-
opean con inen , namely in I aly, G eece, F ance and
Spain. Fi on e al. (1983) conside ed he species mi-
g a o y, hus, wi h he po en ial o eaching Sou he n
Eu ope by i sel . In con as , Ve heyde (2019) ega ded
i as in oduced. So a , i emains un esol ed whe he
C. bicolo us has colonised he Eu opean Medi e anean
wi h o wi hou human aid in he 19 h cen u y.
The species is conside ed in oduced o Aus alia and
New Zealand, whe e i was eco ded since 1970 (Gauld
1984) and 1981 (Fi on e al. 1983), espec i ely.
Recen expansion in Eu ope
Al hough Schmiedeknech (1930) included he species
in his key o he Hymenop e a o No h and Cen al Eu-
ope (as C. ins uc o (Fab icius, 1793)), i was p oba-
bly only known om G eece, I aly, F ance and Spain a
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DOI: 10.38072/2699-7762/p26
38 Bendixen e al.:
Fi s eco ds o C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Ge many
ha ime (Meye 1933). Mo e no he ly loca ed eco ds
s em om London in 2000 (Jones 2001), he Ne he -
lands in 2015 and 2018 and Belgium in 2019 (Ve heyde
2019). Since hen, mo e eco dings o he species we e
epo ed o bo h coun ies and i has also been epo -
ed in Denma k, Sweden, No way and Sco land wi hin
he las wo yea s (www.ina u alis .o g/obse a ions?-
place_id=any&sub iew=map& axon_id=343394).
This sugges s ha C. bicolo us has been becoming
mo e commonly sp ead wi h ege able anspo s (c .
Ve heyde 2019). This is suppo ed by he ac ha mos
o he specimens we e ound in ege ables (cauli lowe ,
endi e and spinach), and a good sha e o hem la e in
he yea (Decembe ) indoo s and in bigge ci ies. How-
e e , as he numbe s o eco ds om hese coun ies
on ci izen science po als a e gene ally inc easing, i
emains unce ain whe he human-assis ed in oduc-
ions a e he only cause o he species’ mo e equen
obse a ions in Eu ope.
5. Conclusions and p ospec s
The he e epo ed eco ds o C. bicolo us om Ge ma-
ny a e s ongly belie ed o esul om unin en ional
in oduc ions wi h ege ables. Thus, he species is no
conside ed o ep oduce in Ge many and should con-
sequen ly nei he be ega ded as pa o he Ge man
auna no be added o he checklis o Ge man ichneu-
monids (Riedel e al. 2021). Such an addi ion o C. bi-
colo us o he checklis may be econside ed, should i s
sigh ings inc ease, especially in he wild.
Acknowledgemen s
Many hanks o Alexand a Vie le o help ul com-
men s on he manusc ip .
Au ho
Lwenna Bendixen
Lenna Bendixen is an en omologis wi h a main in-
e es in aunis ics and ecology o Wes e n Palaea c ic
Ichneumonidae. / Lenna Bendixen is En omologe mi
In e essenschwe punk au de Faunis ik und Ökologie
wes paläa k ische Ichneumoniden.
Fig. 4: Female C enocha es bicolo us in a Cologne supe ma ke , 13 h o May 2023, Köln, Ge many. Pho o Niklas Büchel.
Bendixen e al.:
Fi s eco ds o C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Ge many
39
FAUNISTISCH-ÖKOLOGISCHE MITTEILUNGEN 13/2024
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DOI: 10.38072/2699-7762/p26
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