First records of Ctenochares bicolorus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Germany

35 FAUNISTISCH-ÖKOLOGISCHE MITTEILUNGEN 13/2024 KIEL-UP • DOI: 10.38072/2699-7762/p26 Fi s eco ds o C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Ge many E s e Nachweise on C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Deu schland Lenna Bendixen 1, Niklas Büchel2, Jö g Tilmans3, Thomas Hö en 4, Augus ijn De Ke elae e 5, Fons Ve heyde 6 1 Moh ki ch, lenna [email p o ec ed] 2 Köln 3 Mönchengladbach 4 Essen 5 Bee nem (Belgium) 6 Oos ende (Belgium) Schlüsselwö e : eingeschlepp e A , Faunis ik, pa asi oide Wespen Zusammen assung Die Schlup wespe C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) wi d e s mals in Deu schland nachgewiesen, basie end au einem im Mai 2023 in einem Kölne Supe ma k o og a ie en Weibchen und einem im Dezembe 2023 in einem Mönchengladbache Wohnzimme ge angenen Männchen. Abs ac The ichneumonine Da win wasp C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) is e- po ed o he i s ime om Ge many based on a emale pho og aphed in May 2023 in a Cologne supe ma ke and a male caugh in Decembe 2023 in a li ing oom in Mönchengladbach. Keywo ds: In oduced species, aunis ics, pa asi oid wasps 1. In oduc ion C enocha es bicolo us, a well-known A ican species in oduced o Sou he n Eu ope, has been eco ded om No hwes Eu ope only ecen ly, namely om England (Jones 2001), Belgium and he Ne he lands (Ve heyde 2019). C enocha es Fö s e , 1868 is a small genus mo e o less con ined o he A ican con inen (Yu e al. 2016), o which only C. bicolo us is a esiden o Con inen al Eu ope. In May 2023, a conspicuous emale ichneumonid si ing on cauli lowe was pho og aphed by NB in a “Rewe” supe ma ke in Cologne. The image was up- loaded o iNa u alis , la e de e mined as ichneumonid by ano he use and hence was ound by LB while scanning Ge man eco ds o ichneumonids on ci izen science pla o ms. In Decembe 2023, a male o he same species was ound by JT in his li ing oom a e e u ning om a supe ma ke . I was uploaded o Na u gucke .de and Obse a ion.o g, whe e i was iden i ied by he AI as C enocha es bicolo us. The male specimen was handed o e o TH in a con aine wi h some suga wa e he day a e he eco d whe e i li ed o an- o he 21 days. 13/2024 FAUNISTISCH-ÖKOLOGISCHE MITTEILUNGEN KIEL-UP • DOI: 10.38072/2699-7762/p26 36 Bendixen e al.: Fi s eco ds o C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Ge many 2. Ma e ials & Me hods The emale specimen was pho og aphed in-si u by NB using an iPhone 13 mini. The image was uploaded o iNa u alis .com and can be ound he e: h ps://www. ina u alis .o g/obse a ions/161387157 (las accessed Decembe 3, 2024). The male specimen was pho og aphed in a plas ic box by JT using a Panasonic DC-TZ202D and lashligh . The images we e uploaded o Na u gucke and obse - a ion.o g and can be ound a h ps://na u gucke . de/?bild=-176285818 (las accessed Decembe 3, 2024) and h ps://obse a ion.o g/obse a ion/294800844/ (las accessed Decembe 3, 2024). The specimen was gi en o Thomas Hö en and is now deposi ed in he collec ion o he En omologische Ve ein K e eld. To make su e no eco ds we e missed, all unseen Ge - man eco ds o ichneumonids on Na u gucke .de and Obse a ion.o g and all Cen al Eu opean eco ds o ichneumonids on iNa u alis we e checked du ing he win e o 2023/2024 by LB. He e, Cen al Eu ope is de ined in he sense o Jo dan’s (2005) coun y-based di ision o Eu ope, including Ge many, Luxembou g, Swi ze land, Liech ens ein, Aus ia, Slo enia, C oa ia, Hunga y, Slo akia, Czechia, Poland, Li huania, La ia and Es onia. 3. Resul s The emale om Köln was iden i ied as C enocha es bicol- o us (Linnaeus, 1767) by LB. The male om Mönchen- gladbach was iden i ied by he app “ObsIden i y” as he same species and was alida ed by ADK. These a e he i s eco ds om Ge many known o us and a he same ime possibly he i s om Cen al Eu ope. Recogni ion F om pho os, he species can be easily ecognised on i s habi us and colou s: wi h he icolou ed lagellum and black/ ed mesosoma wi h o ange scu ellum, combined wi h he conspicuously da kened o e wing ip and api- cal me asomal e gi es, C. bicolo us is ha dly o be mis- aken o any o he species. Ano he help ul cha ac e is he slende appea ance wi h he me asoma p o ud- ing conspicuously beyond he ip o he o ewing. The equally conspicuous bu la ge Callajoppa exal a o ia (Panze , 1804) can be dis inguished om C. bicolo us by a mainly black mesoscu um, black p opodeum, lack o a whi e an ennal ing, less dis inc in usca ion o he o ewing ip and s ou e body shape. Wi h a specimen a hand, he lack o any p opodeal ca ina ion combined wi h he pec ina e claws a e dis- inc i e (Gauld 1984), al hough Hein ich (1967) poin s ou ha he deg ee o pec ina ion o he claws unde lies conside able a ia ion and is no always well isible. Gauld (1984) and Ve heyde (2019) desc ibe addi ional cha ac e is ics. Obse a ion.o g’s AI iden i ied he male specimen dis- cussed he e co ec ly. Conce ning ichneumonids, his ool is mainly ‘ ained’ by FV’s and ADK’s app oxima e- ly 230.000 Belgian and Du ch alida ed eco ds (pa ial- ly a ailable on GBIF). This inding p o es he AI wo ks well o many o he mo e easily ecognisable species, e en i only ew pic u es (in his case app ox. 10) a e a ailable. Because o he au oma ic labelling, he e- co d o he male C. bicolo us could be de ec ed quickly and hus alida ed wi hou much e o . This app oach, o cou se, in ol es he isk o o e looking eco ds no iden i ied co ec ly by he AI o only o amily le el, as happened o he emale uploaded o iNa u alis , which was p obably oo small in ela ion o he pho o size o be ecognised by iNa u alis ’s AI as C. bicolo us. Fig. 1: Female C enocha es bicolo us in a Cologne supe ma ke , 13 h o May 2023, Köln, Ge many. Pho o (c opped) Niklas Büchel. Bendixen e al.: Fi s eco ds o C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Ge many 37 FAUNISTISCH-ÖKOLOGISCHE MITTEILUNGEN 13/2024 KIEL-UP • DOI: 10.38072/2699-7762/p26 Fig. 3: Male C enocha es bicolo us, 18 h o Decembe 2023, Mön- chengladbach, Ge many. Pho o Jö g Tilmans. Fig. 2: Male C enocha es bicolo us, 18 h o Decembe 2023, Mön- chengladbach, Ge many. Pho o Jö g Tilmans. 4. Discussion Biology The supposed main hos o C. bicolo us is he polypha- gous plusiine mo h Ch ysodeixis chalci es (Espe , 1789) (Lepidop e a: Noc uidae) (Fi on e al. 1983), which is dis ibu ed om Sou he n Eu ope o Sou he n A ica. Wi h he help o sou he ly winds, adul s om he Med- i e anean occasionally mig a e o Cen al and No he n Eu ope (Collins e al. 2014) bu he species is mo e o - en in oduced o Ge many as la a wi h i s ood plan s (S eine e al. 2014). In he Ne he lands, C. chalci es can be e y common in g eenhouses whe e i mainly eeds on Toma o (Ve heyde 2019). I is no ye known o ep o- duce in he wild in Ge many bu has ecen ly been e- po ed o do so in Sou h Ti ol (Ei schbe ge & F ei 2019). The ela ed plusiine mo h Au og apha gamma (Lin- naeus, 1758), a known hos o C. bicolo us in Mal a (Mi sud e al. 2019), howe e , is one o he commones mo hs in Ge many. Thus, i is no impossible ha C. bicolo us will be able o es ablish popula ions in Cen- al Eu ope in he u u e. In he Ne he lands, he spe- cies has al eady been ound “in he wild” (al hough in an u ban en i onmen ) as ea ly as 2018 (h ps:// waa neming.nl/obse a ion/157152942/, las accessed Decembe 3, 2024). Dis ibu ion Whils o he membe s o he genus a e la gely con ined o sub-Saha an A ica, C. bicolo us shows an unusual- ly wide dis ibu ion om Sou he n A ica o Sou he n Eu ope, which led o se e al desc ip ions o he species in a ious gene a (Hein ich 1967). Gué in-Méne ille (1848, as Ichneumon ins uc o F.) was al eady awa e o i s occu ence in bo h Cape o Good Hope and Sicily wi hou exp essing any doub s ha hese eco ds e- e o he same species. Apa om his, Be houmieu (1894) was he i s o men ion occu ences on he Eu- opean con inen , namely in I aly, G eece, F ance and Spain. Fi on e al. (1983) conside ed he species mi- g a o y, hus, wi h he po en ial o eaching Sou he n Eu ope by i sel . In con as , Ve heyde (2019) ega ded i as in oduced. So a , i emains un esol ed whe he C. bicolo us has colonised he Eu opean Medi e anean wi h o wi hou human aid in he 19 h cen u y. The species is conside ed in oduced o Aus alia and New Zealand, whe e i was eco ded since 1970 (Gauld 1984) and 1981 (Fi on e al. 1983), espec i ely. Recen expansion in Eu ope Al hough Schmiedeknech (1930) included he species in his key o he Hymenop e a o No h and Cen al Eu- ope (as C. ins uc o (Fab icius, 1793)), i was p oba- bly only known om G eece, I aly, F ance and Spain a 13/2024 FAUNISTISCH-ÖKOLOGISCHE MITTEILUNGEN KIEL-UP • DOI: 10.38072/2699-7762/p26 38 Bendixen e al.: Fi s eco ds o C enocha es bicolo us (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenop e a: Ichneumonidae) in Ge many ha ime (Meye 1933). Mo e no he ly loca ed eco ds s em om London in 2000 (Jones 2001), he Ne he - lands in 2015 and 2018 and Belgium in 2019 (Ve heyde 2019). Since hen, mo e eco dings o he species we e epo ed o bo h coun ies and i has also been epo - ed in Denma k, Sweden, No way and Sco land wi hin he las wo yea s (www.ina u alis .o g/obse a ions?- place_id=any&sub iew=map& axon_id=343394). This sugges s ha C. bicolo us has been becoming mo e commonly sp ead wi h ege able anspo s (c . Ve heyde 2019). This is suppo ed by he ac ha mos o he specimens we e ound in ege ables (cauli lowe , endi e and spinach), and a good sha e o hem la e in he yea (Decembe ) indoo s and in bigge ci ies. How- e e , as he numbe s o eco ds om hese coun ies on ci izen science po als a e gene ally inc easing, i emains unce ain whe he human-assis ed in oduc- ions a e he only cause o he species’ mo e equen obse a ions in Eu ope. 5. Conclusions and p ospec s The he e epo ed eco ds o C. bicolo us om Ge ma- ny a e s ongly belie ed o esul om unin en ional in oduc ions wi h ege ables. Thus, he species is no conside ed o ep oduce in Ge many and should con- sequen ly nei he be ega ded as pa o he Ge man auna no be added o he checklis o Ge man ichneu- monids (Riedel e al. 2021). Such an addi ion o C. bi- colo us o he checklis may be econside ed, should i s sigh ings inc ease, especially in he wild. Acknowledgemen s Many hanks o Alexand a Vie le o help ul com- men s on he manusc ip . Au ho Lwenna Bendixen Lenna Bendixen is an en omologis wi h a main in- e es in aunis ics and ecology o Wes e n Palaea c ic Ichneumonidae. / Lenna Bendixen is En omologe mi In e essenschwe punk au de Faunis ik und Ökologie wes paläa k ische Ichneumoniden. Fig. 4: Female C enocha es bicolo us in a Cologne supe ma ke , 13 h o May 2023, Köln, Ge many. Pho o Niklas Büchel. 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