Diego de Bena ides
A descenden o one o he sons o King Al onso VII o Cas ile and León, Juan
Alonso de Bena ides, who ook his amily name om he Leonese ci y g an ed o
him by his a he , Diego de Bena ides de la Cue a y Bazán was bo n in 1582 in
San is eban del Pue o (Jaén). Son o he coun o San is eban del Pue o, a i le
g an ed by King En ique IV o Díaz Sánchez in Jaén in 1473, he s udied in he
Colegio Mayo o San Ba olomé in he Uni e si y o Salamanca, and ollowed
bo h ca ee s in le e s and a ms. He was he eigh h coun o San is eban del Pue o,
commande o Mon eal in he O de o San iago, coun o Cocen ina, i le g an ed
o Ximén Pé ez de Co ella by King Al onso V o A agón in 1448; coun o El
Risco, i le g an ed o Ped o Dá ila y B acamon e by he Ca holic Mona chs in
1475; and ma quis o Las Na as, i le g an ed o Ped o Dá ila y Zúñiga, coun o
El Risco in 1533. As a esul o his he oic ac ions in he I alian wa s, on 11 Augus
1637 Bena ides was g an ed he i le o ma quis o Sole a by Philip IV, and he was
subsequen ly appoin ed go e no o Galicia and ice oy o Na a a. A oyal coun-
selo o wa , he was a minis e plenipo en ia y a he Peace o he Py enees in 1659,
and a anged he ma iage o Louis XIV wi h he P incess Ma ía Te esa o Aus ia
as pa o he e ms o he ea y1.
1. The i le o San is eban del Pue o was ele a ed o duke o he en h coun , Manuel de Bena ides
y A agón, on 20 Augus 1739; he cu en i le holde is Luis de Medina y Fe nández de Có doba
o Se ille, who is also he ma quis o Sole a, son o he duchess o Medinaceli who also holds he
i les o Concen aina, las Na as, and el Risco. Ins i u o Salaza y Cas o, Elenco de g andezas y
í ulos nobilia ios españoles 1986, (Mad id: Hidalguía, 1986), p. 240, 426, 482, 578, 656, 679.
Fa en ia 21/1, 1999119-137
The la inis poe - ice oy o Pe u
and his magnum opus
Beng Lö s ed
W. Michael Ma hes
Uni e si y o Cali o nia-Los Angeles
Da a de ecepció: 30/11/1997
Summa y
Fa en ia 21/1 119-137 16/3/99 12:52 Página 119
Diego de Bena ides
Imp in s by Bena ides
Ho ae succisi ae
Index o pe sons, places and e en s
Sou ce e e ences
In ha same yea Bena ides ecei ed appoin men as ice oy o Pe u and emba -
ked on Cádiz in No embe in he lee o Gene al Pablo de Con e as. Sho ly
a e sailing, a se e e s o m a ose and, ollowing he loss o se en ships, he lee
was o ced o e u n o po . Reemba king on 10 Janua y 1660, Bena ides each-
ed Nomb e de Dios, c ossed he is hmus o Panama and sailed o Callao. He a i-
ed in he ice egal capi al o Lima on 31 July 1661, and he e ecei ed he ans e
o powe om his p edecesso , he coun o Alba de Lis e. Bena ides had b ough
a s a ue o Ou Lady o Me cy om Spain and, p esen ing i o he monas e y o San
Agus ín, he ounded a success ul con a e ni y o he suppo o hospi als. Also,
ea ly in his adminis a ion, he es ablished a ax in he consula e o Lima o he
suppo o con oys o and om Spain unde he House o ade o Se ille.
The g ea weal h o sil e in Pe u ga e ise o pe pe ual un es in he ice o-
yal y, and he mines o Po osí was he smuggling o sil e in e asion o oyal axes
o he deg ee ha i equaled legal p oduc ion es ima ed a 2,960,000,000 pesos be -
ween 1545 and 1661. In Decembe , 1661 a e ol by mes izos in ol ed in sil e
smuggling in La Paz esul ed in loo ing and plunde ing, and he dea h o co egi-
do and chie jus ice C is óbal Canedo, his cousin Juana de O ega, and o he o i-
cials. Hal ed by go e no F ancisco He quiñigo and magis a e Agus ín Zega a
de las Roelas, he leade s Lucas de Mon ealeg e, An onio O duña, Juan Ruiz de
Rojas, Alonso de la Fuen e, and Juan de Amaya we e hanged, and he p incipal
ins iga o , An onio Galla do, was killed while leading an assaul on Puno.
In he ollowing yea , Bena ides named Angel Pe edo o he O de o San iago
as in e im go e no o Chile, and dispa ched him wi h 750 soldie s o con ol he
egion agains A acanian hos ili ies. He also sus ained an ac i e campaign agains
co up ion by o icials and laxi y o punishmen o hese o enses. A emp s a
e o m o he sys ems o o ced labo in Po osí unde he coun o Alba de Lis e
had been headed by bishop F ay F ancisco de la C uz who had died unexpec edly
and was hough o ha e been poisoned. His successo , F ay F ancisco Ve ga a
yLoyola, was sen o es ablish e o ms and hal abuses bu he was subo ned by
co up o icials and o ced labo abuses and exploi a ion con inued. Thus, becau-
se o he weal h and powe o he mine s hey we e able o domina e local admi-
nis a ion, and he ice oy was unable o do much mo e han hea complain s and
con on he cons an h ea o e ol and iolence.
Violen and bloody amily s uggles be ween Basques and c iollos, diso de ,
and go e nmen co up ion in Po osí eoccu ed in 1663, and co egido Gómez
de Á ila was called o Lima o answe cha ges o in ol emen . He was acqui ed
bu poisoned upon his e u n o Po osí, and ma e s con inued as usual. In ha same
yea , a la ge dona ion was made by Lima o he c own o he p osecu ion o wa
agains F ance, and a b ie a emp a he es ablishmen o a oyal law cou in
Buenos Ai es was made.
On 28 Janua y 1664 he Holy O ice o he Inquisi ion held an au o de e in
Lima, wi h Manuel Hen ique bu ned a he s ake o p ac ising Judaism, and Mencia
de Luna bu ned in e igy o p ac ising Judaism and wi chc a . In he same yea ,
on 12 May, he ci y o Pisco was des oyed by an ea hquake el in dis an Lima,
and o e 450 esiden s we e killed. In a mo e posi i e sense, some success in
120 Fa en ia 21/1, 1999 Beng Lö s ed ; W. Michael Ma hes
Fa en ia 21/1 119-137 16/3/99 12:52 Página 120
e o ms o o ced labo in ex ile mills o he paymen o axes was me on 14 July
1664 wi h he es ablishmen o an o dinance ixing he leng h o se ice, hou s,
alue o wages, paymen in money unde o icial supe ision, ood a ions, and
licenses equi ed o he es ablishmen o ex ile mills an he use o Indian labo .
Fo cing wo k was punishable by dea h, se ice in lieu o i hes ou lawed, and he
in olun a y ans e o labo e s p ohibi ed. S ong opposi ion by mill owne s and
deeply es ablished co up ion ne e heless impeded ull implemen a ion o hese
e o ms. O he us a ions and se backs occu ed wi h es ablishmen o a chai in
ma hema ics endowed wi h 692 pesos a he Uni e si y o San Ma cos in Lima and
i s closu e due o insu icien s uden s, and smallpox epidemics causing he ligh
o neophy es om he Jesui missions in he p o ince o Maynas.
Violence again b oke ou in 1665, on his occasion in he mines o Laicaco a
whe e he Andalusians José and Gaspa Salcedo o med alliances wi h hei coun y-
men and Cas ilians agains mine s om Ca aluña, Galicia, and Vizcaya. The la -
e ook a ms agains he Salcedo ac ion, molding ha quebus sho om sil e , and
e ec i ely hal ed p oduc ion in he egion. The a chbishop o A equipa, F ay Juan
de Almogue a, and Angel Pe edo wi h loyal mili ia we e unable o es o e o de ,
and Pe edo was se iously wounded. Peace did no come o he mines un il 1667
when ice oy coun o Lemos de ea ed and execu ed he Salcedos.
The lawlessness ha had plagued Pe u since i s conques , he hea y p essu e
placed on he weal h o Pe u by wa s in F ance and Po ugal, and, in 1665, io s
and iolence in he Laicaco a mines caused Bena ides g ea conce n and con i-
bu ed o his declining heal h and subsequen dea h in Lima in he ea ly mo ning
o 17 Ma ch 1666. He le his widow, Ana de Sil a y Man ique, his eldes son
F ancisco, la e he ice oy o Sa dinia and Sicily, counselo and g ande de España
in 1696; his second son, Manuel, who emained in Lima o a ime s udying unde
amed cosmog aphe Juan Ramón Koening; and his daugh e , Jose a, bo n in Lima.
Adminis a i e succession passed o he oyal cou p esided o e by Be na do
I u iza a un il he a i al o he coun o Lemos on 21 No embe 1667. The law-
lessness, co up ion, and iolence which Bena ides had sough o s em, con inued
in Pe u o many yea s ollowing his dea h, bu his li e a y wo ks in La in, a a i y
among he many le e ed ice oys se ing du ing he h ee cen u ies o he Spanish
Empi e in he New Wo ld, emain as his legacy2.
Imp in s by Bena ides
In laudem Illmo...Didaci Philipez de Guzman, Ma chiones de Leganes, Milano:
1638 (poem; 14 l s.); ANTONIO PALAU Y DULCET, Manual del Lib e o Hispano-
Ame icano, (Ba celona, 1948-), (Palau), 27186.
El Conde de Sa is e an, Ma qués de Moya, dize: ..., s.l.: 1643 ( indica ion o ice-
oy ma quis o Villena om cha ges made by bishop Juan de Pala ox y Mendoza
The la inis poe - ice oy o Pe u and his magnum opus Fa en ia 21/1, 1999 121
2. MANUEL DE MENDIBURU, Dicciona io his ó ico-biog á ico del Pe ú, 2nd. ed. (Lima: Imp en a
En ique Palacios, 1932), II, p. 413-429; RICARDO PALMA, T adiciones Pe uanas (Mad id: Ediciones
Cá ed a, 1994), p. 190-193.
Fa en ia 21/1 119-137 16/3/99 12:52 Página 121
o Puebla); JOSÉ TORIBIO MEDINA, Biblio eca Hispano-Ame icana 1493-1810,
(Ams e dam: N. Is ael, 1968), (BHA), 6374.
Ho ae Succisi ae si e elucub a iones, Lyon: Ioannis Co onneau, 1660. (Eng a ed
on is, 21 l s., 388 p.); Pale mo: Typis Ba be a, 1679. Palau, 27185; BHA,
1310, 1372.
Memo ial en que se ep esen a al Rey...se icios, Mad id: 1660 ( epo s o me i s
and se ices; 58 l s., 350 p.); Palau, 27187.
Licencia, Lima:1662. (license o An onio Gu ié ez Bueno o ex ac ion o sil e
and excusing wo pa s o quicksil e om axa ion) José To ibio Medina, La
Imp en a en Lima (1584-1824), (Ams e dam: N. Is ael, 1965), (Lima), 407.
Relación...Conde de Al a...es ado del Pe ú al...Conde de San is e an su suce so ,
Lima: 1662 (ad ice and epo on Pe u om coun o Alba de Lis e). A chi o
Gene al de Indias, Se illa.
O denanzas de Ob ages, Lima: 1664 (labo o axa ion o dinances). Lima, 428.
Relación...po mue e...Diego de Bena ides, Lima: 1667. ( epo on he dea h
o Bena ides). Biblio eca Nacional, Mad id.
Ho ae succisi ae
Bena ides’ magnum opus, he Ho ae Succisi ae, has become a a i i y o bibliop-
hiles, al hough i appea ed in h ee edi ions in he se en een h cen u y. The Na ional
Union Ca alog, 46:34, shows no copy in he public o uni e si y lib a ies o he
Uni ed S a es, and only a pho ocopy o he second edi ion is lis ed, aken om
he o iginal in he Biblio eca Nacional, San iago, Chile, and p ese ed in he
Rocke elle Lib a y, B own Uni e si y. In his s udy, page e e ences a e o he i s
edi ion in he pe sonal lib a y o B. Lö s ed .
The Ho ae Succisi ae, published by Bena ides’ sons F ancisco and Manuel,
consis s o wo pa s: The i s con ains poems and so-called elogia o o abou pe -
sons and places o abou impo an e en s; he second pa consis s o an in e p e-
a ion o he i s h ee chap e s o Genesis, a emp ing o show wha a Ch is ian
may lea n om hem in ela ion o poli ical science. The i le o his pa is “O acula
di ina ex ibus p imis Geneseos capi ibus ad Ch is ianam poli icam expensa.” The
en i e olume is w i en in excellen La in, and he me ics o he poe y is impec-
cable.
Since many o he pe sons, places, and e en s men ioned in he i s pa may
no be well known o mode n eade s, we shall lis hem wi h sho commen a ies.
This index will p o ide an idea o he poli ical, cul u al, and eligious wo ld in
which Bena ides li ed.
Following he s yle o his ime, Bena ides gi es indica ions o he sou ces and
au ho i ies he used while compiling he second pa o his book in he ma gins.
Howe e , o en such ci a ions a e lacking al oge he o a e incomple e o e oneous.
We shall lis all sou ces used in he second pa which a e no sa is ac o ily indica ed
in he i s edi ion; such a lis , incomple e as i is, will also e lec Bena ides’ wide
eading in Ch is ian and p o ane li e a u e. Some, by no means all o e en he majo-
i y, o he e o s in he i s edi ion, ha e been co ec ed in he second.
122 Fa en ia 21/1, 1999 Beng Lö s ed ; W. Michael Ma hes
Fa en ia 21/1 119-137 16/3/99 12:52 Página 122
Index o pe sons, places and e en s
Ál a ez de Toledo, Fe nando, duke o Alba: Pied ahi a, 29 Oc obe 1507-Lisboa,
11 Decembe 1582; in se ice o Cha les V a Fuen e abía agains F ance, gi en
command o ci y, 1524, ook Pe pignan; command o a mies agains P o es an s
in Ge many, 1546-1552; con inued in se ice o Philip II agains Pope Paul IV
and duke o Guise, ailu e o ake Rome, 1557, ange ed Cha les V in e i emen
in Yus e; cap ain gene al o Flande s o c ush P o es an ebellion, 1567; ha sh
ep ession and execu ion o coun s o Egmon and Ho n, de ea ed duke o Nassau,
1568, and William o O ange, 1572; ecalled, 1573 (p. 111).
Alexande VII (Fabio Chigui), pope: Siena, 1599-Rome, 1667; elec ed pope,
7 Ap il 1655; no able poe , wo k published in Pa is, 1656; ounded Sapien ia
college and p o ided i wi h a la ge lib a y (p. 1-6).
An hony o Padua (Fe nando de Bulloes), O.F.M., Sain : Lisboa, 1193-Padua,
13 June 1231; en e ed F anciscan o de , 1215; missiona y in A ica, iend o
S . F ancis o Assisi; canonized, 1232; doc o o he Chu ch, 1946 (p. 95-96).
An olínez, Fe nando: oo soldie who ough agains Moslems (p. 131-32).
Aquinas, O.P., Thomas, Sain (p. 94-95).
Assump ion o he Vi gin: eas o he bodily assump ion o he Vi gin Ma y o
hea en celeb a ed since he six h cen u y A.D., ixed on 15 Augus by Empe o
Mau i ius (582-602); dogma de ined in 1950 (p. 86, 228-29).
A aul o, gene al o Compos ela: Visigo hic king, 410-415; edec ed in Cosenza,
Calab ia; occupied Ta agona agains Rome, 414; es ablished cou in Ba celona;
o i ied Río Eb o (p. 101).
Ba holomew, Sain : i s cen u y A.D.; apos le; pa on o Pon e ed a; eas ,
24 Augus (p. 83-84).
Bazán, Ál a o de, ma quis o San a C uz de Ma cenado: G anada, 1526-Lisboa,
1588; na al commande , de ea ed F ance o Galicia, 1544, 1554, 1564; ough
Tu ks in Medi e anean, 1561, 1564, 1576, 1579; libe a ed Co u, 1570; pa i-
cipa ed in de ea o Tu kish lee a Lepan o, 1571; occupied Lisboa o Philip II,
1580; ough F ance o Po ugal, 1582; command o a mada o in asion o
England, 1586 o dea h (p. 114, 275-78).
Bena ides, Ál a o, doc o : nephew o Ped o Bena ides, ma quis o Na a a
(p. 90-91).
Bena ides, F ancisco, ma quis o Na a a, Villa anca, coun o Cozen ina and El
Risco: son o au ho , succeeded olde b o he Ped o o i les (p. 143-44, 173-81).
Bena ides, Manuel: son o au ho (p. 143-44).
Bena ides, Ped o, ma quis o Na a a: -1659; eldes son o au ho (p. 185-91).
Be na d o Clai aux, Sain (p. 83).
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Bo ja, S.J., F ancisco, Sain : Gandía, 1510-Rome, 1572; ice oy o Ca aluña, 1537;
ou h duke o Gandía, 1543; ene ed Socie y o Jesus, 1546; hi d gene al o he
Socie y, 1565; expanded missions in Ame icas; canonized, 1671; pa on o
Spanish nobili y; eas , 10 Oc obe , es ablished in 1724 (p. 80).
Caesa , Caius Julius (p. 115).
Calde ón, Rod igo: na i e o An we p, esiden in Valladolid; en e ed se ice o
duke o Le ma; a ained con idence o Philip III and g an ed O de o San iago
and bene i s o Ocaña; cap ain o Ge man gua d and counsello o s a e; ma -
quis o Sie e Iglesias; accused o poisoning Queen Ma ga i a by enemies, imp i-
soned and o u ed; con essed o killing o he s; on dea h o Philip III, o de ed
hanged by Conde-Duque de Oli a es; execu ed, Mad id, 21 Oc obe 1621 (p. 121).
Ca he ine o Siena (Ca alina de Be micosa), Sain : Siena, 1347-Rome, 29 Ap il
1380; en e ed Domincan con en , 1364; sough o end schism and A ignon
papacy; canonized, 1471; second pa oness o Rome (p. 145).
Cla e o Assisi (Cla a O educci), Sain : Assisi, 1193-San Damiano, 1253; es a-
blished O de o Poo Ladies wi h he sis e s and cousin unde ule o S . F ancis
o Assisi, San Damiano, 1212; Poo Cla es es ablished h oughou Eu ope; cano-
nized by Alexande IV; eas , 12 Augus (p. 82-83).
Con es ania: ancien egion o Valencia, Alican e, Mu cia, and Albace e, and ancien
ci y o Cocen aina; ollowing ic o y o e he Moslems, Jaime I ounded chu ch
o San a Ma ía in g a i ude o he Vi gin, 1269 (p. 229-30).
Co onneau, Ioannes: p in e and publishe o Bayonne ( i le).
Díaz de Vi a , Rod igo: Vi a , 1041-Valencia, 1099; commande o Sancho o Cas ile
and la e o Al onso VI; gi en i le o El Cid; ough agains Moslems a Toledo,
Za agoza; accused o eason and exiled, became soldie o o une; ook Valencia,
1093-1094 and became ule ; ough agains Almo a ides in Valencia (p. 118-19).
Es ada, Famiano, S.J.: au ho o his o y o wa s o Flande s in La in, ansla ed
o I alian, F ench, English, and Cas ilian; published in Rome, An we p, Leyden,
Sulbac, Pa is, Rouen, London, Cologne in 23 edi ions in se en een h cen u y
and in a ious la e edi ions (p. 97).
Felix, Sain : Za agoza, se en h cen u y, A.D.-718; he mi in San Juan de la Peña;
encou aged igh ing agains Moslems; eas , 29 May (p. 141-42).
Fe mín, Sain : Pamplona, hi d cen u y A.D.; son o pagan pa en s, s udied unde
San Hones o; i s bishop o Pamplona; o Amiens; ma y ed 25 Sep embe
( eas ); pa on o Pamplona (p. 105, 110, 146).
Fe nández de Có doba, Gonzalo: Mon illa, 1453-G anada, 1515; se ed Fe nando
The Ca holic agains Boabdil a Málaga and G anada, 1487-1492; campaigned
agains F ance in Naples and Calab ia (Cosenza), named G an Capi án; de ended
I aly agains Tu ks, 1499-1502; con olled Naples and Sicily o A agón (p. 136).
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Fe nando, Sain : Cas ile, 1199-Se illa, 1252; king o León and Cas ile, 1217-1252;
campaigned agains Moslems in Andalusia, 1240; Jaén aken, 1245; Se illa con-
que ed, 1247-1248; Je ez and Cádiz aken, 1249-1252; canonized, 1671 (p. 120,
124-125).
Fe nando de Aus ia: El Esco ial, 1609-B ussels, 1641; b o he o Philip IV; ca -
dinal, 1619; go e no o Flande s; b oke siege o Lou ain (p. 6-13).
Fe e , Vicen e, O.P., Sain : Valencia, 1350-Vannes, 5 Ap il 1419; en e ed Dominican
O de , 1367; p eache and mi acle wo ke ; decided Cas ilian succession a
Comp omise o Caspe, 1412; con e sion o Jews and Mo iscos in Balea ic Islands
and Valencia, 1413-1416; canonized, 1458; pa on o Valencia (p. 79).
Fines, Juana de: descendan o Fe nando II o León; wi e o Rod igo Íñiguez de
Biedma (p. 109).
Fines, Sánchez de: descendan o Fe nando II o León (-1188); ounde o linea-
ge in Can ab ia and Na a a; ough Moslems in econques ; endowed chu ch
in Toledo (p. 134-35).
Flee o he Indies, 1659: unde command o gene al Pablo de Con e as le Cádiz
in No embe ; o ced o e u n a e loss o se en ships in s o m; sailed sucess-
ully on 10 Janua y 1660; ca ied Bena ides o Panama (p. 115-16).
F ancis o Assisi (F ancesco Be na done), Sain (p. 148-49).
F ancisco de Paula, Sain : Paula, 1416-Plessis, 1508; es ablished monas ic o de o
Minims, 1474; minis e ed o Louis XI o F ance, 1482; canonized, 1519 (p. 107).
Fuen e abía, T ea y o : Peace o he Py enees, 1659, ending decades o wa be ween
F ance and Spain; Louis XIV o ma y In an a Ma ía Te esa; Luxembou g and
Rousellon o F ance (p. 146-48, 182-84).
Geno e e, Sain : Nan e e, 422-Pa is, 3 Janua y 512; i gin, holy woman, mi a-
cle wo ke ; de ea o A ila a ibu ed o he p aye s, 451; pa oness o Pa is
(p. 103-04).
Gonzaga, S.J., Aloysius, Sain : Cas iglione, 1568-Rome, 21 June 1591; en e ed
Socie y o Jesus, 1585; minis e ed o plague ic ims, 1590-1591; bea i ied, 1605;
canonized, 1726 (p. 79-80).
Guzmán, Diego Felipe de, duke o Sanluca la Mayo : cap ain gene al and go e -
no o Low Coun ies; de ea ed F ance a Vecelli in Lomba dy, go e no o
Naples, 1638; go e no o Milan; ma quis o Leganés; ough wi h Thomas
o Sa oy agains F ance in I aly, 1639; de ea ed by F ance in Ca aluña, 1642;
coun o Ha cou siege agains Lé ida b oken by Guzmán as ice oy o Ca aluña,
1646; de ea ed by Po uguese, Oli enza, 1646; died, Mad id, 1655 (p. 20-49,
57-63).
He menegildo, Sain : c. 564-13 Ap il 586; Visigo hic p ince, go e no o Se illa,
con e ed o Roman Ca holicism, 577; a acked by A ian a he , king Leo igildo;
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cap u ed, imp isoned, o u ed a Ta agona, 584; beheaded; pa on o Se illa
(p. 100-01).
Immacula e Concep ion o he Vi gin Ma y: popes G ego y XV, 1622, and
Alexande VII, 1661 o bade eaching con a y o ha o he concep ion o Ma y
wi hou o iginal sin; p oclaimed a icle o ai h by Pius IX, 1854; eas ,
8Decembe (p. 81-82).
Íñiguez de Biedma, Rod igo: membe o noble amily o Jaén in e ma ied wi h
Bena ides amily; En ique Bena ides de Biedma, son o coun o San is eban
del Pue o, 1614 (p. 109).
Isido e he Labo e , Sain : Mad id, 1080-1130; a m labo e and se an known
o cha i able ac s and holy li e; canonized, 1622; pa on o Mad id (p. 99,
103-04, 106).
Jacin o, Sain : B esleu, 1185-C acow, 15 Augus 1257; son o coun o Ko ski o
Poland; s udied in Bologna and ecei ed doc o a e; e u ned o C acow as ica ,
ounded monas e ies in Poland, P ussia, Denma k, Sweden, No way, Russia,
Tu kes an, Sibe ia; e angelized in China; amed o mi acles; canonized by
Clemen VIII, 1594 (p. 95).
James he G ea e : i s cen u y, A.D.-42; apos le; beheaded by He od Ag ippa in
Je usalem, 42; epu edly in Spain in B aga, I ia, Za agoza, 40-41; body e u -
ned o I ia Fla ia by boa , en ombed; omb disco e ed and became cen e o pil-
g images a Compos ela, nin h cen u y; pa on os Spanish a my (p. 123).
Ko ska, S anislas, S.J., Sain : Ko skow, 1550-Rome, 15 Augus 1568; son o Polish
noble; en e ed Socie y o Jesus, 1557; died minis e ing o he sick; canonized,
1604; pa on o Jesui no ices (p. 96).
Law ence, Sain : Huesca-Rome, 10 Augus 258; a chdeacon o he chu ch o Rome;
ma y ed by o de o Empe o Vale ian; bu ned o dea h on a g a e (p. 84-85, 90).
López de Isasi e Idiáquez, Juan, ca dinal: u o o he p inces; coun o Pie de
Concha, San ande , 1638 (p. 13-17).
Loyola, Igna ius, S.J., Sain (p. 89-90).
Lucan, Ma cus Annaeus: Có doba, 39-Rome, 65 A.D.; nephew o Seneca; o Rome;
iend o Ne o; poe and o a o ; spli wi h Ne o, plo ed agains him, execu ed
by bleeding (p. 112).
Maza in (Maza ino), Julio: Pescina, 1602-Pa is, 1661; doc o in law; cap ain o
Papal in an y; diploma , nego ia ed peace be ween F ance, Spain, Sa oy, 1630-
1631; nuncio o F ance, 1634; na u alized in F ance, 1639; ca dinal, 1641; suc-
cedes Richelieu as F ench minis e o Louis XIII, 1642; empo a y peace wi h
Spain a Wes alia, 1648; alliance wi h England agains Spain, 1655; Peace o
he Py enees, 1659 a e long nego ia ions wi h Luis Méndez de Ha o ends wa s
wi h Spain, Louis XIV o Ma y Ma ía Te esa (p. 259-66).
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Méndez de Ha o y Guzmán, Luis de: Valladolid, 1598-1661; ma quis o Ca pio;
ough agains F ance a Lé ida, 1643; minis e o Philip IV, nego ia ed
Peace o he Py enees a Fuen e abía, 1659; i le o duke o Ca pio (p. 56-57,
252-58).
Mon anus (Ge ha d Van den Be ghe), Ge a dus, S.J.: Menin, The Ne he lands-;
La inis , edi o o Cice o, Salomon, Quin illian, and A is o le; au ho o Jesui
ma y ology; wo ks published in Man ua, Mad id, Alcalá de Hena es; mas e
o Bena ides and Oque e (p. 53).
Mo e , José, S.J.: Pamplona-; au ho o his o y o he siege o Fuen e abía in La in,
published in Lyon by Co onneau (1654) and in Valladolid (1655); une a y eulo-
gies o Philip IV in Basque, Pamplona (1655); ea ly his o y and annals o Na a a
in Cas ilian, Pamplona (1665, 1678, 1684; and la e edi ions); li e o Sain Fe mín,
Mexico (1710) (p. 17-19, 280-82).
Mou a, Ma ga i a de: daugh e o F ancisco de Mou a, ma quis o Cas el-Rod igo;
ambassado in Vienna; ice oy o Sa dinia; go e no gene al o Flande s, 1664-
1668; died wi hou male issue, 1675 (p. 77).
Na as de Tolosa, Ba le o : decisi e ic o y o Cas ile, A agón, Na a a unde
Al onso VIII o Cas ile o e Moslem o ces unde Mi amolin Alnasi Mohamed
ben Yacub, 16 July 1212 (p. 125-26).
Ne i, Philip, Sain : Flo ence, 1515-Rome, 1595; s udied, p eached and augh ;
o dained, 1551; es ablished o a o y con a e na ies, app o ed by Holy See, 1575;
canonized, 1622 (p. 112-13).
Nie es, Nues a Seño a de las: a oca ion o he Vi gin in San a Ma ía la Mayo ,
Rome; in an appa i ion o he Vi gin a Roman noble and wi e we e eques ed
o build a chu ch on Esquiline Hill; Pope Libe ius (352-366) eques ed a sign
suppo ing his, and on 5 Augus he Esquiline Hill was co e ed wi h snow;
chu ch consec a ed by Pope Six us III, 435 (p. 82).
Oque e, Diego de, S.J.: Mad id, 1603-1 Feb ua y 1691; ellow s uden o Bena ides;
augh holy sc ip u e, heology, philosophy a Mu cia, Alcalá de Hena es, Mad id
and English Semina y, Rome (p. 53-56, 63-67, 103).
Pelayo: -Cangas, 737; elec ed king o As u ias, 714; de ended Cangas de Onís
agains Moslems unde Musa; de ea ed Moslems, Co adonga, 718; hal ed ad an-
ce o Moslem in asion; ini ia ed Cas ilian dynas y (p. 142-43).
Philip IV, King: Valladolid, 8 Ap il 1605-Mad id, 17 Sep embe 1665; co ona-
ion, 1621; Conde-Duque de Oli a es as con olling minis e ; inhe i ed con-
lic s o p edecesso s in F ance, Low Coun ies; appoin ed au ho as ice oy
(p. 132-34).
Pimen el, Ped o, S.J.: Bena en e, 1594-Mad id, 5 Ap il 1658; p o esso o philo-
sophy and ec o in Salamanca; cap u ed by F ench; deli e ed se mon in p ai-
se o Sain F ancis Xa ie , Pamplona, 1653 (p. 93-93).
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264. An iquus ad salu em publicam a i, si magis a us deos suspice en , quam
hos es supe a en : Plu a ch. Ma c. 4,4.
265. Quod communi e omnibus p odes , hoc ei p i a ae, nos ae u ili a i p a e-
endum censemus, nos um esse p op ium subdi o um commodum impe iali e
exis iman es: Cod. Ius . 6,51,14a (ed. K uege , Co p. Iu . Bd. 2 p. 282).
266. E aedi ica i Dominus Deus cos am, quam ule a de Adam, in mulie em:
Gen. 2,22.
I aque illud pa ocinium o bis e ae e ius quam impe ium po e a nomina i:
Cic. o . 2,8,27.
267. […] ca hed a pes ilen ia um, ube aë , qui supe iaceba , sceles is ocibus
cons up a us: Te . spec . 27 (CC 1 p. 250,12 .).
269. Quando in luen ibus nego iis pa ia ecis i, ins a e ec ionis exis imas mu a-
ionem labo is. Quae enim emissio ibi, nisi lus a e sal us, excu e e cubili-
bus e as, supe a e immensa mon ium iuga e ho en ibus scopulis g adum
in e e a que in e haec pia men e adi e lucos, occu sa e numinibus?: Plin.
paneg. 81,1.
270. E a au em populus iucundus secundum aciem sanc o um: Iudi h 16,24.
275. P oposui mensam suam, misi ancillas suas, u oca en ad a cem e moenia
ci i a is: P o . 9,2 .
278. (Hen icus, ex Anglo um) cum ab exe ci u egis Gallici ci cum en us esse
ann. 1415 […] mili ibus suasi , u numine in oca o al e al e i pauxillum e ae
po ige e ob memo iam ene andi Eucha is iae sac amen i eiusque ope e i
p oelium animose commi e an […]: gl. Aeneas Syl ius Piccolomini, Ope a
(Basel 1551) p. 490 .
282. Mons a ole a e labo es, non iube : Lucan. 9,588 .
Nec ille segne au co up um luxu i e . Sed lo ica e ea usus e an e signa pedes-
e ho idus, incomp us amaeque dissimilis: Tac. His . 2,11.
283. Cum in illa medi a ione campes i mili a ibus u mis impe a o ium pul e em
sudo emque misce es, nihil a ce e is nisi obo e e p aes an ia di e ens: Plin.
paneg. 13,1.
286. Su gi ipse ex, ilius egis, e lapidan ium acies in e umpens, iumpha o i ce -
aminis non sine dolo e co dis assis i […] Ubi pie as e mise ico dia ua, Domine,
si non compa e is pa ien i?: Pe us Damiani se m. 62 (PL 144 p.853 D).
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287. Vide u Dominus s ans a dex is i u is Dei, ne Pa e mino esse pu e u ; s a
cum s an e, cum bellan e bella u , qui lapida u in lapida o: Pe us Damiani,
se m. 62 (PL 144 p. 855 D - 856 A).
288. Quod magna sapien ia p aedi us ue i Adam, disce ex his quae nunc iun :
[…] Nam hominibus mos es hoc ace e in signum dominii, u cum se os eme-
in , ipso um nomina mu en . Unde e Adam ins ui , u omnibus b u is amquam
dominus nomina inda : Ioh. Ch ysos. se m. in Gen. 14,5 (PG 53 p. 116).
290. E posui solium eius supe omnes p incipes, quos habeba , cunc ique se i
egis, qui in o ibus pala ii e saban u , lec eban genua e ado aban Aman;
sic enim p aecepe a eis impe a o : Es he 3,1 .
quia idelice Aman aeg e uli , quod Ma docheus accusa i eunuchos Regi, qui
e an amici Aman a que (u aliqui opinan u ) cupieban p omo ionem ipsius
Aman in Regem: Dionysius Cha usianus, Ena a io in lib um Es he , cap. XII
n . XII (Mon euil 1898, ol. 5, p. 196).
292. Non i mis adicibus ni i u amo indebi us, e ci o ad examen educi u , quid-
quid g a iae au a su ipui : Ennod. epis . 3,11 (ed. Vogel n . 78 p. 84,1 .).
297. Fui enim Cainus hac plaga di ini us a lic us ( a he : a ec us), u emo e
concu e e u e s abilis non esse , quo scilice a e nae caedis admone e u :
Wilhelm Hame , Commen a iones in Genesim (Dillingen 1564) p. 55.
298. Fic a ci o in na u am suam ecidun . Quibus e i as subes quaeque, u i a dicam,
ex solido nascun u , empo e ipso in maius meliusque p ocedun : Sen. clem. 1,1,6.
p uden es sicu se pen es e simplices sicu columbae: Ma h. 10,16.
299. sicu aspidis su dae e ob u an is au es suas, quae non exaudie ocem incan-
an ium e ene ici incan an is sapien es: Psalm. 57,5 .
se pens al e am au em e ae el pe ae admo e a que app imi , al e am e o
cauda ob u a : gl. Aug. ad loc. (CC 39 p. 715,38 .).
304. P ius habeba (sc. se pens) o mam e aciem g a iosam supe omnes bes-
ias, e ac us es ho ibilio omnibus: Nicolaus de Ly a ad Gen. 3,14 (Biblia
sac a cum Glossa o dina ia […] e pos illa Nicolai Ly ani [Douai 1617] p. 104).
307. Magnas di i ias p omi un e d agma pe un , e iis di i iis sibi deducan d ag-
ma, eddan ce e a: Cic. di in. 1,132.
308. […] isas se pen es anse inis pedibus: Plin. mai. na . 11,107,257.
312. Pe e am pecca o em in ellegimus. Unde se pen i a Domino dic um es :
Te am comedes omnibus diebus i ae uae. An iquus enim hos is e am come-
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di , quia pecca o es quosque in en em suae mali iae abscondi : Ps. G eg. M.
in sep . psalm. poen . 5,22 (PL 76 p. 617 A).
313. Sicu hoc ep ile, cuius callidi a e abusus es, supe pec us suum g adi u e
se ipsum in e am p emi , sic u, diabole, cum sis a ionalis spi i us, a ionale
uum sempe g a i a ui a e one abis, e quocumque e e e is, in en ionem
uam deo sum con e es e ac is p emes con a iis: Rupe . Tiu . T in. 3,18
(PL 167 p. 304 A = CCcm 21 p. 254,770-775).
314. Cibus eius elec us: Hab. 1,17.
Neque enim eos se gaude ape e, quos p a is ac so didis ac ionibus implica-
os in imis secum espici olun a iae iace e. Foenum e go u bos comede e appe-
i , quia sugges ionis suae den e con e e e mundam i am spi i ualium quae i :
G eg. M. mo al. 32,13,18 (CC 143 B p. 1643,18-22).
Te am comedes, e non caelum: hoc es non quo um con e sa io in caelis es ,
sed quia e ena sapiun , illi cibus uus e un . Malus ope a ius e nequam se us,
Deo amen u ilis, a iga ionem i acundiae uae alium de o a ione consolabe-
is: Rupe . Tiu . T in. 3,18 (PL 167 p. 304 C = Cccm 21 p. 255,786-789).
In idendo enim e acuas i me i um hominis. Sed hoc ac o g a iae Dei locum
ape uis i. Cui amplius in idebis, dum homo se ipso an o i al io , quan o g a-
ia Dei cuiusque c ea u ae me i is es maio : Rupe . Tiu . T in. 3,18 (PL 167
p. 304 B = Cccm 21 p. 254,775-225,778).
317. […] u nullum bonum abesse homini, quod ec a olun a e op a e posse ,
nullumque malum adesse , quod hominis elici e i en is ca nem e animam
o ende e : Aug. ci . 14,10 (CC 48 p. 430,10-12).
320. Non es haec mul iplica io benedic ionis, sed damna ionis, non g a iae, sed
i ae. Mulie quippe quan o ecundio an o ae umnosio : Rupe . Tiu . T in. 3,22
(PL 167 p. 308 B).
321. Nos omnibus hominibus, nobis au em mulie es dominan u : Plu a ch. Ca o
Maio 8,2.
Non con en a ansg essione p op ia, pos quam comedi , i o dedi : Rupe .
Tiu . T in. 3,22 (PL 167 p. 306 D).
325. Ope a hic non u is colendi, u ple ique pu an , sed pecca a signi ican : Hie .
quaes . Heb . in Gen. 3,17 (CC 72 p. 6,21 .).
Te a maledici u , non Adam, u cunc i, p op e quos haec sc ip a sun , e e-
en u , ne similia acien es simili poena plec e en u : Ps. Wal. S abo ad Gen. 3,17
(Glossa o dina ia, PL 113 p. 95).
Ipse e o Cain, qui p imae p ae a ica ioni a icidium addidi , maledici u ,
cum dici u : Maledic us e is supe e am: ib.
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326. Pa ulum occidi in idia: Iob 5,2.
327. Ipse se angelo e ien i ob uli : Amb . apol. Da . 1,7,38 (CSEL 32:2 p. 323,6).
Ego sum qui pecca i. Ve a u , obsec o, manus ua in me e in domum pa is
mei, populus au em uus non pe cu ia u : I Pa al. 21,17.
328. Esu i i e non dedis is mihi manduca e; si i i e non dedis is mihi po um; hos-
pes e am e non collegis is me: Ma h. 25,35.
In omni enim paupe um nume o non es uni e so um omnium una paupe as.
Sun enim aliqui, quibus e si es imen a desun , alimen a non desun ...Ch is us
an ummodo es solus, cui nihil es , quod in omni humano gene e non desi : Sal .
eccl. 4,4,21 . (CSEL 8 p. 307,18-25).
329. Quoscumque luc us le e is, lebis meos. / Sua quemque an um, me omnium
clades p emi . / Mihi cunc a pe eun ; quisquis es , Hecubae es mise : Sen. T o.
1060-1062.
330. In mul i udine populi digni as egis, e in pauci a e plebis ignominia pinci-
pis: P o . 14,28.
332. Si bea os explica e possun , nihil causae es , quin pecudes quoque bea ae
esse dican u , qua um omnis ad explendam co po alem lacunam es ina in en-
io: Boe h. cons. 3 p os. 7,4.
[…] qua um appe en ia quidem plena es anxie a is, sa ie as e o paeni en-
iae […] T is es e o esse olup a em exi us, quisquis eminisci libidinum sua-
um ole , in ellige : Boe h. cons. 3 p os. 7,1-3.
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