UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH
Depa men o Mic ome eo ology
Tibe Pla eau A mosphe e-Ecology-Glaciology Clus e
Join Kob esia Ecosys em Expe imen :
Documen a ion o he 2nd In ensi e Obse a ion Pe iod
Summe 2012 in KEMA, Tibe
Tobias Bie mann (Edi o )
Wi h Con ibu ions om:
Elke Seebe , Pe Schleuß, Sand a Willinghö e , Jü gen Leonbache , Klaus
Schü zenmeis e , Lau a S eing äbe , Wol gang Babel, Heinz Cone s, Thomas
Foken, Geo g Guggenbe ge , Yako Kuzyako , Ch is oph Leuschne , Geo g
Miehe, Ka s en Wesche,
A bei se gebnisse
N . 54
Bay eu h, Mai 2013
2
A bei se gebnisse, Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab . Mik ome eo ologie, P in , ISSN 1614-8916
A bei se gebnisse, Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab . Mik ome eo ologie, In e ne , ISSN 1614-8924
h p://opus.ub.uni-bay eu h.de/opus4-ubbay eu h/sol sea ch/index/sea ch/sea ch ype/se ies/id/1
Eigen e lag: Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab . Mik ome eo ologie
Ve iel äl igung: D ucke ei de Uni e si ä Bay eu h
He ausgebe : P o . D . Thomas Foken
Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab eilung Mik ome eo ologie
D-95440 Bay eu h
Die Ve an wo ung übe den Inhal lieg beim Au o .
3
Con en
1. In oduc ion ............................................................................................................ 4
1.1. DFG SPP 1372 Tibe Pla eau: Fo ma ion-Clima e-Ecosys ems ........................... 5
2. Kob esia Ecosys em Moni o ing A ea (KEMA): Se up o IOP II ........................ 6
2.1. Loca ion and pe manen se up ............................................................................... 6
2.2. Measu emen s du ing IOP2 ................................................................................. 10
2.3. Su ace pa ame e s .............................................................................................. 11
2.3.1. Dis ibu ion o su ace co e ....................................................................... 11
2.3.2. Soil p ope ies a KEMA ............................................................................. 12
3. Vege a ion moni o ing and e iliza ion expe imen ............................................ 16
3.1. Se up and measu emen s ..................................................................................... 16
3.1.1. G azing expe imen ...................................................................................... 16
3.1.2. Fe iliza ion Expe imen .............................................................................. 16
3.2. Da a a ailabili y .................................................................................................. 18
4. Wea he obse a ions & me eo ological measu emen s ...................................... 19
4.1. Me eo ological measu emen s ............................................................................. 19
4.1.1. AWS Gö ingen GPEaws ............................................................................. 19
4.1.2. AWS Bay eu h UBTMMaws ....................................................................... 20
4.1.3. Radia ion complex UBTMM ad .................................................................. 20
4.1.4. Soil measu emen complex UBTMMsoil .................................................... 20
4.2. Me eo ological si e cha ac e is ics ...................................................................... 21
5. CO2 lux measu emen s wi h chambe s ................................................................ 23
5.1. Se up and Measu emen s ..................................................................................... 23
5.2. Da a a ailabili y .................................................................................................. 26
5.3. Vege a ion co e ................................................................................................. 28
6. Soil Measu emen s ............................................................................................... 30
6.1. N-up ake om di e en soil dep hs .................................................................... 30
6.2. E ec s o g azing on nu ien up ake om di e en soil dep hs ........................ 31
6.3. Kob esia oo ma deg ada ion and mo phology ................................................. 32
7. Soil-Plan wa e balance & P ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen .................... 34
7.1.1. Se up .................................................................................................................... 34
7.1.2. Measu emen o he lysime e s ins alled in 2010 ........................................ 36
7.2. Addi ional Measu emen s ................................................................................... 36
7.3. Abo e and below g ound biomass ...................................................................... 36
7.4. Da a a ailabili y o lysime e measu emen s ...................................................... 37
8. I iga ion Expe imen 2012 .................................................................................. 38
8.1. Se up and Measu emen s ..................................................................................... 38
9. Da a S o age and access ....................................................................................... 40
Pa icipan s and con ac in o ma ion ........................................................................... 41
Li e a u e ...................................................................................................................... 43
A. Wea he obse a ions .......................................................................................... 45
B. Vege a ion o soil colla s ..................................................................................... 51
4
1. In oduc ion
This epo is documen a ion abou measu emen s conduc ed by he TiP A mosphe e-
Ecology-Glaciology (AEG) clus e du ing he second in e disciplina y expe imen in he
Kob esia Ecosys em Moni o ing A ea (KEMA) on he Tibe an Pla eau du ing he sum-
me monsoon pe iod in 2012. I desc ibes he echnical se up and p o ides de ails abou
he ime schedule as well. A de ailed desc ip ion o he i s expe imen in 2010 can be
ound Bie mann and Leipold (2011).
The ield si e is close o he Naqu Ecological and En i onmen al Obse a ion and Re-
sea ch S a ion owned by he Tibe an Uni e si y (TU), Lhasa, Tibe an Au onomous Re-
gion (TAR) and ope a ed by he Ins i u e o Tibe an Pla eau Resea ch (ITP), Chinese
Academy o Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China. The wo k was ca ied ou in he amewo k
o he DFG P og am SPP 1372 (TiP), wi h collabo a ing scien is s om he Depa men
o Mic ome eo ology, Uni e si y o Bay eu h; he Depa men o Plan Ecology and he
Depa men o Soil Science o Tempe a e Ecosys ems, Uni e si y o Gö ingen; he Ins i-
u e o Soil Science, Leibni z Uni e si y Hanno e and he Senckenbe g Museum o Na -
u al His o y Gö li z. The collabo a ion pa ne s in China we e he Ins i u e o Tibe an
Pla eau Resea ch (ITP), he Cold and A id Regions En i onmen al and Enginee ing Re-
sea ch Ins i u e (CAREERI) in Lanzhou, he Tibe an Uni e si y, Lhasa and he Beijing
No mal Uni e si y, which helped wi h logis ical suppo , p o ided he accommoda ion a
he esea ch s a ion and pa icipa ed in he ield wo k.
The esea ch a ea is loca ed in he cen e o he majo dis ibu ion o Kob esia pygmaea.
The pu pose o he expe imen is o in es iga e he ene gy and ma e exchange be ween
soil, plan s and a mosphe e as well as plan dis ibu ion and g ow h on di e en land use
ypes on he Tibe an Pla eau. Fo an expe imen o quan i y he e ec o inc eased g az-
ing on he pla eau an a ea o app oxima ely 100m by 250m was enced in 2009 o exclude
yaks and o he li es ock, addi ionally some smalle ences excluding also small mammals
on an a ea o 10x10m we e se up in o de o quan i y hei di e en con ibu ion o he
o e all g azing e ec . To moni o he eco e y o he ecosys em when g azing is exclud-
ed ences we e se up on deg aded slopes. Fu he mo e g azing exclosu e plo s we e se
up in he swamps, close o he i e . This ege a ion ype is used as win e pas u e and
he e o e i is o high impo ance o he local land use. Due o he mino impac o pikas
on his ege a ion ype he se up only con ains li es ock exclosu es and con ol plo s. A
second g azing exclosu e a ea was enced in 2010 o u he expe imen s, since he
abo e men ioned a ea is qui e d y and g azing is educed in his a ea due o egula ions
om local go e nmen .
5
1.1. DFG SPP 1372 Tibe Pla eau: Fo ma ion-Clima e-Ecosys ems
The Ge man Science Founda ion (DFG) p io i y p og am 1372 Tibe Pla eau: Fo ma ion-
Clima e-Ecosys ems (TiP) s udies he Tibe an Pla eau ocusing on he h ee in e linked
p ocesses, pla eau o ma ion, clima e e olu ion and human impac and Global Change.
This s udy is mo i a ed by he impo ance o he Tibe an Pla eau on a global scale compa-
able o he impo ance o An a c ica and he A c ic. I s o ma ion had a p o ound impac
on he en i onmen al e olu ion a egional and global scales and un il oday di ec ly in-
luences he habi a o billions o people. Mo eo e , he Tibe an Pla eau, like he Pola
Regions, p o es o be pa icula ly sensi i e o an h opogenic Global Change. Wi hin he
p ojec he key p ocesses a e analyzed wi h espec o hei impac on ecosys ems on h ee
di e en ime scales. The i s being he Pla eau o ma ion, wi h he upli dynamics and
ela ed clima e change du ing he las millions o se e al ens o millions o yea s, he se-
cond being he La e Cenozoic clima e e olu ion and en i onmen al esponse du ing he
las ens o housands o hund eds o housands o yea s wi h decadal o cen ennial esolu-
ion. And inally he phase o human impac and Global Change is analyzed ocusing on
he p esen s age, he pas ~ 8000 yea s, and pe spec i es o he u u e.
The TiP A mosphe e-Ecology-Glaciology (AEG) clus e is collabo a ion wi hin he DFG
SPP 1372 wi h he main ocus and esen clima e change and human impac on he eco-
sys em on he TP. Following subp ojec s a e in ol ed
P ojec
Uni e si y/Ins i u e
Mesoscale ci cula ions and ene gy and Gas exchange
o e he Tibe an Pla eau
DFG FO 226/18-1.2
Bay eu h
Camb idge
Pas and p esen human impac on Kob esia pas o al
ecosys ems as deduced om soil o ganic ma e s ud-
ies
DFG KU 1184/14
Gö ingen
Hanno e
Iden i ica ion o pa ame e s, ac o s and dynamics o
he Kob esia pygmaea pas o al ecosys ems:
Vege a ion dynamics, biomass alloca ion and wa e
consump ion o Kob esia as a unc ion o g azing and
en i onmen al condi ions
DFG MI 338/7-2; WE
2601/4-2; LE 762/12-2
Ma bu g
Senckenbe g Muse-
um, Gö li z
Gö ingen
Dynamic esponse o glacie s on he Tibe an Pla eau
o clima e change
DFG SCHN 680/3-1/2/3,
SCHE 750/4-1/2/3
BU 949/20-1/2/3
RWTH Aachen, TU
Be lin, TU D esden
Fu he in o ma ion abou he clus e : h p://www.baycee .uni-bay eu h.de/TiP-AEG
Fu he In o ma ion abou he p io i y p og am “TiP”: h p://www. ip.uni- uebingen.de/

6
2. Kob esia Ecosys em Moni o ing A ea (KEMA): Se up o
In ensi e Obse a ion Pe iod (IOP) II
Tobias Bie mann(1), Elke Seebe (2), Pe Schleuß(3), Jü gen Leonbache (1), Sand a
Willinghö e (4), Wol gang Babel(1), Lau a S eing äbe (5)
(1) Dep . o Mic ome eo ology, Uni e si y o Bay eu h
(2) Dep . o Bo any, Senckenbe g Na u al His o y Museum Gö li z
(3) Dep . o Soil Science o Tempe a e Regions, Uni e si y o Gö ingen
(4) Dep . o Plan Ecology and Ecosys em Resea ch, Uni e si y o Gö ingen
(5) Ins i u e o Soil Science, Leibni z Uni e si y Hanno e
2.1. Loca ion and pe manen se up
The measu emen si es (Kob esia Ecosys em Moni o ing A ea, KEMA) a e loca ed close
o he TU-ITPCAS Naqu Ecological and En i onmen al Obse a ion and Resea ch S a-
ion in he small illage Kema, which is abou 22 km in he SE o Naqu Ci y and 270 km
NE o Lhasa, a an al i ude o abou 4410 m a.s.l.. I includes di e en ences ins alled in
2009 and 2010 o exclude g azing o li es ock and in some cases also small mammals. An
o e iew o he comple e se up is gi en in Fig. 2-2, o mo e de ails please see Seebe e
al. 2011. A de ailed o e iew o he ins alla ion o he conduc ed p ecipi a ion manipula-
ion expe imen is gi en in Fig. 2-3. The ege a ion moni o ing plo s (VMP) a e labeled
acco ding o he ea men ; C = con ol, P = no pikas, Y = no li es ock, YP = no he bi-
o es, eplica es a e numbe ed om 1-4 s a ing. The big exclosu e om 2009 is labeled
Km; eplica es a e numbe ed an iclockwise s a ing a he Wes e n en ance o he
exclosu e. The ence se up in 2010 on he Kob esia pas u e is labeled Kp; eplica es a e
numbe ed an iclockwise s a ing a he No heas en ance. The deg aded plo s a e called
S , and he plo s in he we lands S.
Based on ield obse a ions, a Landsa image (sou ce: Global Land Co e Facili y,
www.landco e .o g) and a Google ea h pic u e om Decembe 2010 he map in Fig. 2-4
was d awn. This map shows he dis ibu ion o di e en land use ypes and he big
exclosu es in he esea ch a ea KEMA. The classi ica ion o he land use ypes ollows
he deg ada ion o he Kob esia ma s, s a ing wi h ma G and U (exclosu es) ollowed by
D1-3 o ude al. Ri e bed is a empo a y looded a ea. Road and illage a e pe manen
cons uc ions. The explana ion and pho os o he di e en land use ypes can be ound in
Seebe e al. (2011). A mo e de ailed analysis o land co e based on sa elli e da a using
RapidEye has been conduc ed wi hin a Bachelo hesis by Ringle (2013) unde he su-
pe ision o P o . Miehe in Ma bu g. The dis ibu ion and densi y o he ege a ion co e
is displayed in Fig. 2-5.
7
Fig. 2-1 Dis ibu ion o Kob esia on he Tibe an Pla eau. The esea ch a ea KEMA ma ked wi h he
squa e (Miehe e al. 2008)
Fig. 2-2 Se up o he pe manen ege a ion moni o ing plo s (VMP), he a eas enced in 2009 (Km) and in
2010 (Km). The VMP a e labeled acco ding o he ea men ; C = con ol, P = no pikas, Y = no li es ock,
YP = no he bi o es. The posi ion o he esea ch s a ion is indica ed by an a ow and he 2012 posi ions o
he Au oma ic Wea he S a ion (AWS) by a blue iangle. Red ci cles illus a e loca ions o eco ded soil
p o iles on 2009 and 2010 enced si es (see chap e 2.3.2). Backg ound image is aken om Google Ea h in
Dec. 2010, map modi ied a e Seebe e al., 2011.
8
Fig. 2-3: Posi ion and composi ion o oo s ins alled o he p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen . Squa es
ma k he posi ion o he oo plo s and he blue ci cles ma k posi ions o he CO2 Flux con ol measu e-
men s wi h a LICOR Su ey chambe , he posi ion o con inues soil espi a ion measu emen s wi h he
LICOR long e m chambe is ma ked by a ed ci cle ma k
Fig. 2-4: Dis ibu ion o land co e classes in he s udy si es ( o explana ion o classes see, Bie mann and
Leipold, 2011). The g ey polygons ep esen he wo la ge exclosu es (Seebe e al., 2011)
9
Fig. 2-5: Dis ibu ion and densi y o ege a ion o KEMA based on a RapidEye sa elli e image. The enced
a ea Km and Kp a e ma ked wi h black ames (Ringle 2013)
16
3. Vege a ion moni o ing and e iliza ion expe imen
Elke Seebe (1), Geo g Miehe(2), Ka s en Wesche(1)
(1) Dep . o Bo any, Senckenbe g Na u al His o y Museum Gö li z
(2) Dep . o Geog aphy, Philipps-Uni e si y Ma bu g
3.1. Se up and measu emen s
3.1.1. G azing expe imen
Wi hin each o he pe manen ences, a 10 by 10 me e plo was ma ked o ege a ion
eco ds. To al pe cen age ege a ion co e was eco ded on species le el; eco ds we e
aken annually end o Augus ill mid o Sep embe , co esponding o he end o he ege-
a ion pe iod and hus he maximum co e o he ege a ion.
Nex o each plo pe ea men , 25 cm x 25 cm pe manen subplo s we e ma ked. The
numbe o eplica es a ied acco ding o he magni ude o small-scale he e ogenei y wi h-
in plo s o he di e en ege a ion ypes: The e we e 3 plo s each a he wo Kob esia
pas u e, 4 eplica es a he deg aded pas u es and 4 eplica es on each on he hummocks
and hollows in he we lands. Peak s anding c op biomass was ha es ed and di e en ia ed
in o Kob esia pygmaea, o he Cype aceae, Poaceae, sho -li ed (annual o biennial)
he bs and pe ennial he bs (excep o he swamps).
A he Kob esia subplo s lowe and ui s alks o Kob esia pygmaea we e coun ed an-
nually as p oxies o he ep oduc i e success o he mos impo an species unde di e -
en g azing condi ions. In 2012 addi ional 25x25 cm subplo s a e ma ked a abou 1 m
dis ance o he pe manen subplo s. On hese plo s o al biomass is only ha es ed once
and gi es he biomass and li e accumula ion a e a h ee yea s pe iod o ea men .
3.1.2. Fe iliza ion Expe imen
In Sep embe 2009 a e iliza ion expe imen was se up in a andomized block design
wi h 5 ea men s á 4 eplica es. The aim was o de e mine soil nu ien limi a ions o
plan g ow h. The di e en ially es ed nu ien s included ni ogen, phospha e, and po as-
sium (Table 3-1).
Table 3-1: O e iew o he nu ien addi ion ea men s, he employed e ilize s, and he espec i e concen-
a ions o he e iliza ion expe imen
Nu i ion
Fe ilize
Concen a ion
ni ogen, po assium
KNO3
10 g/m², 34 g/m²
phospha e, po assium
KH2PO4
5 g/m², 34 g/m²
Po assium
K2SO4
34 g/m²
ni ogen, phospha e, po assium
KNO3, KH2PO4, K2SO4
10 g/m², 5 g/m², 34 g/m²
Con ol

17
In Sep embe 2009, o each ea men a plo o one squa e me e was e ilized and p o-
ec ed om g azing wi h 50 cm high wi e cages (Fig. 3-1). The e ilize was dissol ed in
3 li e g ound wa e and applica ed wi h a wa e ing can. This co esponded o an i iga-
ion equi alen o 3 mm, which was also gi en o he con ol. The e iliza ion was e-
pea ed in Sep embe 2010 and Sep embe 2011 on he same plo s.
On wo subplo s (25 cm x 25 cm) lowe and ui s alks we e coun ed annually. Mean
s anding c op was ha es ed annually a he same plo s end o Augus 2010, beginning o
Sep embe 2010, end o Augus 2011 and beginning o Augus 2012, o assess he impac
o he e iliza ion on o al biomass p oduc i i y. Biomass o Kob esia pygmaea, o he
Cype aceae, Poaceae, annual o biennial he bs and pe ennial he bs was ha es ed sepa-
a ely. In 2012, wo addi ional subplo s (25 x 25 cm) we e ha es ed o con ol o he
impac o he annual cu ing and li e accumula ion.
Addi ionally, soil samples we e aken in Augus 2010, 2011 and 2012 a he ho izons 0-5
cm and 6-20 cm o analysis o ( emaining) soil nu ien pools.
Fig. 3-1: Block o he e iliza ion expe imen , p o ec ed om g azing by meshed wi e cages
18
3.2. Da a a ailabili y
Gi en ha we used di e en numbe s o eplica es and ea men s, da a s uc u es di e
among expe imen s. Table 3-2 summa izes he basic cha ac e is ics o he espec i e de-
signs.
Table 3-2: O e iew o e minal da es, numbe o eplica es, ea men s and subplo s pe ea men o
ege a ion samples, biomass ha es s and assessmen s o ep oduc i e success be ween Augus and Sep-
embe 2012
Expe imen and ege a ion ype
Da e
Numbe o
eplica es
Numbe o
ea men s
Numbe o
subplo s
Fe iliza ion expe imen , annual biomass
Kob esia pas u e
07.08.2012
4
5
2
Fe iliza ion expe imen , ep oduc ion
Kob esia pas u e
07.08.2012
4
5
2
Fe iliza ion expe imen , h ee yea s biomass
accumula ion, Kob esia pas u e
07.08.2012
4
5
2
G azing expe imen , biomass
Kob esia pas u e, enced 2009
13.08. 2012
4
4
3
G azing expe imen , ep oduc ion
Kob esia pas u e, enced 2009
13.08. 2012
4
4
3
G azing expe imen , ege a ion eco d
Kob esia pas u e, enced 2009
24.08.2012
4
4
1
G azing expe imen , biomass
Kob esia pas u e, enced 2010
16.08.2012
4
4
3
G azing expe imen , ep oduc ion
Kob esia pas u e, enced 2010
16.08.2012
4
4
3
G azing expe imen , ege a ion eco d
Kob esia pas u e, enced 2010
27.08.2012
4
4
1
G azing expe imen , biomass
Deg aded pas u e
28.08.2012
4
4
4
G azing expe imen , ege a ion eco d
Deg aded pas u e
27.08.2012
4
4
1
G azing expe imen , biomass
We land
21.08.2012
4
2
8
G azing expe imen , ege a ion eco d
We land
28.08.2012
4
4
1
19
4. Wea he obse a ions & me eo ological measu emen s
Jü gen Leonbache (1), Tobias Bie mann(1), Sand a Willinghö e (2), Klaus
Schü zenmeis e (2), Heinz Cone s(2) and Thomas Foken(1)
(1) Dep . o Mic ome eo ology, Uni e si y o Bay eu h
(2) Dep . o Plan Ecology and Ecosys em Resea ch, Uni e si y o Gö ingen
4.1. Me eo ological measu emen s
4.1.1. AWS Gö ingen GPEaws
Wea he da a was collec ed wi h he help o se e al senso s assembled oge he and se up
on he in 2009 es ablished ield si e nex o he ence a op end o he plo s and hence
close o he plo s o he p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen (Chap e 7). The measu ed
me eo ological pa ame e s we e ai empe a u e, ai humidi y, p ecipi a ion, o al adia-
ion, ne adia ion, sola adia ion (PAR), wind speed and di ec ion. Measu ed soil pa am-
e e s we e soil mois u e, soil empe a u e and soil wa e po en ial.
Table 4-1: Ins umen a ion o wea he s a ion Gö ingen
Pa ame e
SN
Senso
Uni s
Heigh [m]
Angle
agains
no h
Ai empe a u e
and humidi y
E4412
Campbell CS 215
degC
2
90°
P ecipi a ion
09325
RM Young Tipping Bucke
Rain Gauge
mm
0.5
240°
Global adia ion
23679
Apogee Py anome e SP
110
Wm-2
2
180°
Ne adia ion
00643
Kipp & Zonen NR Li e
Wm-2
2
180°
Sola adia ion
(PAR)
Q17815
LiCOR LI 190 SB
µmols-1m-2
2
180°
Wind speed and
di ec ion
12080035
Gill WindSonic 1
ms-1;Deg
2.2
Soil mois u e
380076-
78
Campbell CS 616
ol%
-0.05, -0.125
-0.25
Soil empe a u e
00041-44
Campbell PT 100/3
degC
-0.025, -0.075
-0.125, -0.25
Soil wa e po en-
ial
63AH533-
535
Campbell 257-L
kPa
-0.05, -0.125
-0.25
20
4.1.2. AWS Bay eu h UBTMMaws
An au oma ic wea he s a ion (Del a-T, Ge many) was moun ed a he enced si e es ab-
lished in 2010. Measu ed pa ame e s we e wind speed, wind di ec ion, ne adia ion, ai
empe a u e, ela i e humidi y and p ecipi a ion. The wea he s a ion eco ded da a o he
men ioned pa ame e s du ing he whole expe imen al pe iod.
4.1.3. Radia ion complex UBTMM ad
Sola adia ion and i s long and sho wa e p ope ies we e measu ed wi h a CNR1 Ne
Radiome e (Kipp & Zonen; Ne he lands) and moun ed on pole in app oxima ely 2m
heigh . Calib a ion coe icien s and speci ica ions o he se up can be ound in Table 4-3.
The Radia ion componen s we e measu ed o e he su ace ype co esponding o he
unde lying su ace o he long e m CO2 su ey sys em (Fig.: 4-1). Wi h he i s es ab-
lishmen a July 25 h measu emen began o e Ba e Soil. A Augus 16 h and 22nd he pole
has been eloca ed o measu e o e Deg aded Roo Ma and In ac Roo Ma espec i ely.
Da a was eco ded on a Vaisalla Logge .
4.1.4. Soil measu emen complex UBTMMsoil
The soil complex (UBTMMsoil) was ins alled close o he adia ion complex UBT and
o a ed analog o he long e m CO2 chambe sys em. Wi h he i s es ablishmen a July
25 h measu emen began unde Ba e Soil. A Augus 16 h and 22nd soil complex has been
eloca ed o measu e unde nea h Deg aded Roo Ma and In ac Roo Ma espec i ely
(Fig.: 4-2). Table 4-2 con ains calib a ion coe icien s and mo e speci ica ions conce ning
he used de ices. Da a was eco ded on a Vaisalla Logge . A mo e de ailed discussion o
he soil p ope ies can be ound in chap e 2.2.2.
Table 4-3: Calib a ion coe icien s o he adia ion complex UBTMM ad ( o a ed oge he wi h he long
e m CO2 Chambe and UBTMMsoil), ins alla ion was done as simila as possible abo e all su aces
Pa ame e
SN
Senso
Calib a ion ac o [µV/Wm²]
Radia ion
CNR1
990197
uppe SW
uppe LW
lowe SW
lowe LW
E=(10.93±0.002)
E=(10.86±0.038)
E=(10.80±0.002)
E=(10.91±0.031)
21
Table 4-4: Ins umen a ion o soil pi UBTMMsoil ( o a ed oge he wi h he long e m CO2 Chambe sys-
em and UBTMM ad)
Pa ame e
De ice
SN
Calib a ion
Calib a ion/
Heigh [m]
ac o
Con e sion
SoilTmp1
P 100
0054
---
mV o °C
-0.025
in Logge
SoilTmp2
P 100
0055
---
mV o °C
-0.075
in Logge
SoilTmp3
P 100
0057
---
mV o °C
-0.125
in Logge
SoilTmp4
P 100
0056
---
mV o °C
-0.175
in Logge
SoilTmp5
P 100
0053
---
mV o °C
-0.25
in Logge
Soil mois u e
TDR-IMKO
31148
---
---
-0.1
Soil mois u e
TDR-IMKO
31147
---
---
-0.2
G ound hea lux
HP3
227µV/mW/cm²
----
-0.2
G ound hea lux
Hukse-Flux
---
-0.2
4.2. Me eo ological si e cha ac e is ics
Measu ed obse a ions o wind di ec ion, wind speed, global adia ion, ela i e humidi y,
ai empe a u e and p ecipi a ion a e shown in igu e 4-3, 4-4 and 4-5. These pa ame e s
a e eco ded a he si e enced in 2009, which was he plo whe e he main wo k was ca -
ied ou du ing he measu ing campaign 2012. Wea he obse a ions we e done by eye
e e y hou du ing day ime. The eco dings o cloud species and co e can be ound in
Appendix A.
Fig. 4-6: Wind ose displaying he wind di ec ion and wind speed o e he whole measu emen pe iod in
2012 o GPEaws

22
Fig. 4-7: Obse a ions o global adia ion, ela i e humidi y, ai empe a u e and p ecipi a ion om July
11 h ill Aug. 9 h 2012
Fig. 4-8: o global adia ion, ela i e humidi y, ai empe a u e and p ecipi a ion om Augus 11 h ill Sep-
embe 10 h 2012
23
5. CO2 lux measu emen s wi h chambe s
Jü gen Leonbache (1), Tobias Bie mann(1), Lau a S eing äbe (2), Klaus Schü zenmeis e (3),
Geo g Guggenbe ge (2) and Thomas Foken(1)
(1) Dep . o Mic ome eo ology, Uni e si y o Bay eu h
(2) Ins i u e o Soil Science, Leibniz Uni e si y Hanno e
(3) Dep . o Plan Ecology and Ecosys em Resea ch, Uni e si y o Gö ingen
5.1. Se up and Measu emen s
Fo CO2 lux measu emen s a long e m chambe sys em and a su ey chambe sys em
om LI-COR Biosciences (Lincoln, NE, USA) we e u ilized. Bo h sys ems a e Flow-
Th ough Non-S eady-S a e chambe s coupled wi h an in a- ed gas analyze (IRGA) o
ins an aneous es ima ion o CO2 concen a ion, which enables he calcula ion o CO2
luxes wi h he implemen ed analy ical so wa e. To ensu e a sealed sampling and o
a oid leaking du ing he measu emen o an ecosys em pa ch, PVC (poly inyl chlo ide)
colla s wi h a diame e o 20cm we e ins alled wi h 5cm headspace in o he soil. All he
colla s ha e been ins alled 24h p io he i s measu emen . Because lack o powe om
g id due o he emo e s udy a ea, elec ici y was p o ided by sola panels and ba e ies as
desc ibed in he use ’s manual (Li-COR, 2006) by he manu ac u e .
The Li-COR long e m chambe sys em con ains o a da k chambe measu ing ecosys em
espi a ion (Reco) and a anspa en one o measu ing ne ecosys em exchange (NEE).
Bo h chambe s we e coupled o an au oma ed mul iplexing sys em (Li8150) which is
connec ed o he gas analyze and enables o measu e CO2 luxes om bo h chambe s
sequen ially. Du ing measu emen chambe ai is ci cula ing be ween an in a ed gas ana-
lyze (IRGA) and he chambe . Due o he closed chambe sys em CO2 concen a ion is
supposed o ise o all espec i ely. Changing concen a ion o e ime (d CO2/d ) enables
he calcula ion o CO2-Flux (F CO2) (Li-COR, 2012). The chambe s a e equipped wi h a
ully au oma ically o a ing a m, which mo es he chambe 180° away om he colla and
he e o e ensu es no mal pa e ns o p ecipi a ion, empe a u e and adia ion. Fu he mo e
he soil and ege a ion i sel ge s less dis u bed by mo ing he chambe in-be ween meas-
u emen s.
The measu emen s wi h he long e m chambe sys em o e In ac Roo Ma (Kob esia)
and on Ba e Soil we e conduc ed inside Km close o he wea he s a ion. The measu e-
men s o e Deg aded Roo Ma we e conduc ed ou side o Km on he sou h side o he
plo .
In addi ion o he wo long e m chambe s, lux measu emen s wi h a Li-COR su ey
chambe sys em ha e been conduc ed o measu e ecosys em espi a ion. These measu e-
men s we e made on an addi ionally es ablished measu ing ield consis ing o in o al 33
24
colla s (Fig. 5-4).
Long- e m and su ey chambe sys ems we e adjus ed iden ically o a oid sys ema ical
di e ences be ween he sys ems due o se up se ings. The se up se ings we e se o 2min
obse a ion leng h; 30sec dead band; 74sec pu ge ime. Numbe o obse a ions du ing
hal an hou was se o ou o he long e m da k and anspa en chambe espec i ely
o p o ide a minimum le el o da a poin s o s a is ical analysis.
I has been seen, ha unde -o o e -p essu iza ion o a chambe leads o o e -o unde -
es ima ion o luxes, acco dingly (Da idson e al., 2002). Con a ily o he s udies (Bain e
al., 2005; Conen and Smi h, 1998) de ec ed sys ema ical e o s in CO2 lux measu emen s
induced by en s ecommended by Hu chinson and Li ings on (2001), especially unde
changing and high wind eloci ies. To encoun e his p oblem Xu e al. (2006) de eloped
a en , which has he p ope ies o le el ou p essu e di e ences wi hou biasing CO2
luxes a changing wind eloci ies. These en s a e a ached (Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-2; Fig. 5-3)
o he used Li-COR chambe s o ensu e unbiased CO2 measu emen s.
Long- e m and su ey chambe sys ems we e adjus ed iden ically o a oid sys ema ical
di e ences be ween he sys ems due o se up se ings. The se up se ings we e se o 2min
obse a ion leng h; 30s dead band; 74s pu ge ime. Numbe o obse a ions du ing hal
an hou was se o ou o he long e m da k and anspa en chambe espec i ely o
p o ide a minimum le el o da a poin s o s a is ical analysis.
Fig. 5-1: Li-COR Long e m CO2 lux chambe o measu ing he ne ecosys em exchange. Red ci cle indi-
ca es he en ing ube
25
Fig. 5-2: Li-COR Long e m CO2 lux chambe o measu ing ecosys em espi a ion. Red ci cle indica es
he en ing ube
Fig. 5-3: Li-COR CO2 lux su ey chambe o measu ing ecosys em espi a ion. Red ci cle indica es he
en ing ube
32
Fig. 6-2: Schema ic ep esen a ion o labeling and sampling on g azed and ung azed si es o he KEMA
esea ch s a ion
6.3. Kob esia oo ma deg ada ion and mo phology
The Kob esia oo ma s is a speci ic o ganic ho izon consis ing o subho izons allowing
excellen adap ion o p o ec agains hea y g azing and ampling and con ibu e o as
eco e y o pas u e a e o e g azing. As p e equisi e o u he s udies on i s de elop-
men , deg ada ion and unc ions p ecise mo phological desc ip ions o Kob esia oo
ma s a e necessa y. On his eason soil p o iles along a alse ime ch onosequence o deg-
ada ion s ages (6 s ages, 4 epe i ions) we e selec ed in 2012 a si es o he KEMA e-
sea ch a ea. The subho izons o he oo ma s and he op mine al soil ho izons o each
deg ada ion s age will be p epa ed in de ail o desc ibe he mo phology o he
subho izons including he isual mo phological cha ac e is ics, sepa a ion o li ing and
dead oo biomass, C and nu ien (N, P, K, S) con en s, na u al abundance o 13C & 15N,
pH, bulk densi y, and oo densi y. In addi ion bioma ke s udies will be implemen ed o
h ee deg ada ion s ages conside ing soil samples, li ing and dead oo s and shoo s.
The s udy aimed o iden i y majo d i e s o oo ma deg ada ion. I is based on he hy-
po he ical idea ha undis u bed oo ma s (1) will be a ec ed by eezing and hawing
p ocesses, which cause ini ial ice c acks (2). As a consequence decomposi ion o oo ma
laye s will be accele a ed (3a) and p esen c acks will be enla ged. Mo eo e , small
mammals (Ocho ona cu zoniae) will ge easy access in o he oo ma s (3b) and hus sup-
po an inc ease o p esen c acks i sel . Finally, c acks will be enla ged by wa e and
wind e osion (4 and 5) un il ba e soil su ace a eas wi hou oo ma ho izons occu (6).
The mo phology can also help o unde s and unc ions o indi idual oo ma laye s and
allows p edic ing u u e changes and deg ada ion by inc easing g azing in ensi y.

33
Fig. 6-3: False ime deg ada ion sequence o Kob esia o ma s on si es a KEMA
34
7. Soil-Plan wa e balance & P ecipi a ion manipula ion ex-
pe imen ( oo expe imen )
Sand a Willinghö e , Klaus Schü zenmeis e , Heinz Cone s, Ch is oph Leuschne
Depa men o Plan Ecology, Uni e si y o Gö ingen
7.1.1. Se up
In 2010, a o al o 36 small weighing lysime e s we e ins alled in- and ou side he in 2009
enced a ea. Ou o his 36 lysime e s, 18 we e moni o ed again du ing he ield season in
2012 and 12 we e moni o ed as pa o he i iga ion expe imen conduc ed in 2012 (chap-
e 8).
Addi ional o he al eady ins alled lysime e s, in 2012 50 new lysime e s we e ins alled
ou side he enced a ea as pa o he p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen ( oo expe i-
men ). Small weighing lysime e s we e used o moni o e apo anspi a ion and in il a-
ion o he Kob esia pygmaea ege a ion as well as ba e soil spo s. The lysime e consis
o a Plexiglas ube (15 cm diame e ) wi h a Plexiglas pla e glued o he bo om. The bo -
om pla e is co e ed wi h a sp ead bundle o 20 glass wicks (2 mm diame e ) leading
h ough a 10 cm long downwa d pipe (15 mm diame e ) in o a plas ic bo le (Fig. 7-1).
Via his hanging wa e column a suc ion o 10hPa is applied o soil monoli h, hus main-
aining a cons an d ainage.
The gu e oo s o he p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen consis o -shaped Plexi-
glas shee s, adjus ed o a lexible ame allowing he oo s o be swung open o expe i-
men s. The oo s we e ins alled 30 cm abo e g ound and hence abo e he lysime e s. Due
o he aim o he expe imen , 3 di e en le els o p ecipi a ion we e o be simula ed:
100% p ecipi a ion = con ol = passage o he comple e p ecipi a ion; 130% = mo e p e-
cipi a ion simula ed = addi ional wa e ing o each 130% o p ecipi a ion; 70% = educed
p ecipi a ion = due o he o ien a ion o he gu e oo , p ecipi a ion was educed by 30%
(Fig. 7-2). The p ecipi a ion in e cep ed by he 70%- oo s was collec ed in bucke s.
A ound each oo plo , a 10 cm deep ench was dug o keep uno wa e away om he
lysime e s. Unde each oo , 4 subplo s we e se up, whe eupon in 3 subplo s lysime e s
we e ins alled (Fig. 7-3). Due o he expe imen al se up, in il a ion and e apo anspi a-
ion we e o be measu ed and compa ed be ween e ilized, un e ilized (con ol plo ) K.
pygmaea ege a ion plo s and ba e soil. Hence, unde each oo one lysime e each moni-
o ed un e ilized und e ilized K. pygmaea ege a ion as well as ba e soil. In o al, 20
oo s wi h 50 lysime e s we e ins alled, hei posi ion and dimensions is illus a ed in Fig.
2-3. Addi ional i iga ion was done e e y day o he expe imen , addi ional o he na u al
occu ing p ecipi a ion es ima ed om da a om Naqu Wea he S a ion, Chinese Wea he
Se ice. Weighing o he lysime e s was conduc ed six imes du ing he expe imen pe i-
od. The p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen an om Augus 14 h o Sep embe 10 h
2012. A longe expe imen pe iod is planned o he ield season 2013.
35
Fig. 7-1: Design and pho o o a small weighing lysime e in no mal posi ion. The undis u bed soil monoli h
is in i s o iginal posi ion
Fig. 7-2: Design and pho o o he gu e oo s
Fig. 7-3: Design and dimensions o he oo s (plo s and subplo s)
densely oo ed u
sandy/loamy soil
g a el
36
7.1.2. Measu emen o he lysime e s ins alled in 2010
Du ing ield season 2012, 18 ou o he 36 lysime e s ins alled in 2010 we e moni o ed
and weighed o de e mine in il a ion and e apo anspi a ion a es. 15 lysime e s we e
si ua ed in in ac K. pygmaea ege a ion spo s ou side he ence (con ol), in Pika exclu-
sion plo s, Yak exclusion plo s, Yak and Pika exclusion plo s o compa e di e en g az-
ing in ensi ies. In o de o in es iga e he e apo anspi a ion om dis u bed soil pa ches
in compa ison o undis u bed soil, 3 lysime e s ins alled in ba e soil spo s (Yak and Pika
exclusion plo s) we e moni o ed as well.
Con ol
4 lysime e s
Yak exclusion
4 lysime e s
Pika exclusion
4 lysime e s
Yak and Pika exclusion
3 lysime e s
Ba e soil
3 lysime e s
7.2. Addi ional Measu emen s
F om Augus 12 h o Sep embe 10 h 2012, 16 iBu ons The moch ons we e ins alled in
he soil in dep hs o 0 cm, 2.5 cm, 7 cm and 12.5 cm, 4 unde each oo ype and 4 in he
open ege a ion as con ol. Addi ionally, 4 iBu ons Hyg och on we e ins alled as well, 3
unde oo s (each oo ype 1 iBu on) and 1 no unde a oo .
7.3. Abo e and below g ound biomass
Abo e and below g ound biomass (nec omass and oo s) was ha es ed a he end o he
p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen in Sep embe 2012. Abo e g ound biomass was
ha es ed on all 50 lysime e s unde he oo s as well as on he 18 lysime e s ins alled in
2009. Soil co es (3.3 cm in diame e ) o he de e mina ion o he oo biomass we e ak-
en nex o he lysime e s unde he oo s o dep hs o 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm. All
oo s in each sample we e insed om soil pa icles keeping small oo agmen s by
means o a s ack o ine sie es. The oo agmen s we e di ided in o li ing and dead
oo s unde a s e eo mic oscope, a me hod o iginally de eloped in he Depa men o
Plan Ecology in Gö ingen o sepa a ing li ing and dead ee ine oo s.
Be o e de e mining nec o- and biomass by d ying, he oo su ace a ea o subsamples
was measu ed wi h an op ical sys em (WinRhizo, Regen Inc., Quebec, Can).
37
7.4. Da a a ailabili y o lysime e measu emen s
In 2009 ins alled lysime e s we e weighed a he ollowing days:
18.07.12 11:30
S a
23.07.12 12:00
26.07.12 13:30
02.08.12 09:15
14.08.12 11:35
03.09.12 10:00
Lysime e s o oo expe imen we e weighed a ollowing days:
17.08.12 11:00
S a
22.08.12 11:40
25.08.12 12:25
02.09.12 10:50
07.09.12 11:20
10.09.12 10:30

38
8. I iga ion Expe imen 2012
Sand a Willinghö e , Heinz Cone s, Ch is oph Leuschne
Depa men o Plan Ecology, Uni e si y o Gö ingen
8.1. Se up and Measu emen s
On a Yak and Pika exclusion plo , a join i iga ion expe imen was es ablished in 2010 in
a andom block design wi h 3 ea men s and 4 blocks (Cone s e al. 2011). In 2012, he
i iga ion expe imen was con inued o he lysime e s ins alled on he plo . All oge he ,
12 lysime e s wi h in ac K. pygmaea ege a ion we e moni o ed and weighed o de e -
mine e apo anspi a ion and in il a ion. Again, 3 ea men s we e applied, wi h 4 eplica-
ions each. The lysime e s we e i iga ed manually on a daily basis, wi h 0 mm, 2.5 mm
o 5 mm, in addi ion o he na u al he na u al occu ing p ecipi a ion, es ima ed om da a
om Naqu Wea he S a ion, Chinese Wea he Se ice. The i iga ion expe imen s a ed
a July 18 h and an un il Augus 30 h 2012.
A he end o he expe imen , he abo e g ound biomass was ha es ed and soil co es o
oo biomass (same dep hs as p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen 7) de e mina ion
we e aken.
Lysime e s o i iga ion expe imen we e weighed a ollowing days:
23.07.12 15:00
S a
26.07.12 12:20
29.07.12 09:20
31.07.12 09:25
05.08.12 10:00
10.08.12 13:25
14.08.12 11:00
19.08.12 12:05
24.08.12 16:15
30.08.12 12:10
39
Fig. 8-1: Block design o he i iga ion expe imen on one o he bi o e exclosu e plo (Cone s e al. 2011)
Fig. 8-2: Pho o o he i iga ion expe imen wi h 12 lysime e s
Lysime e
Respi a ion
colla
Open spo
Biomass
colla
E
D
C
B
A
1
12
2
3
3
1
11
2
23
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
22
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
11 Con ol
2 Medium
3 High
i iga ion
Plo o
ege a ion
eco ds
Lysime e
Respi a ion
colla
Ba e soil
Biomass
colla
E
D
C
B
A
1
12
2
3
3
1
11
2
23
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
22
2
2
2
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
11 Con ol
2 Medium
3 High
i iga ion
Plo o
ege a ion
eco ds
40
9. Da a S o age and access
Fo access o he da a and addi ional in o ma ion please con ac :
Vege a ion: [email p o ec ed]
CO2 Chambe Measu emen s: Tobias.Bie mann@uni-bay eu h.de, Thom-
[email p o ec ed], g[email p o ec ed]-hanno e .de
Pulse Labeling & Soil measu emen s: [email p o ec ed]goe ingen.de,
kuzy[email p o ec ed]
Lysime e , Au oma ic wea he s a ion & Roo expe imen : hcone [email protected],
[email p o ec ed]
41
Pa icipan s and con ac in o ma ion
Name
A ilia ion
Expe imen
Responsibil-
i y
con ac
Babel,
Wol gang
Uni e si y o
Bay eu h,
Depa men o
Mic ome eo ol-
ogy
CO2 Flux,
Me eo ologi-
cal measu e-
men s
Da a p o-
cessing,
echnical
suppo
wol gang.babel@uni-bay eu h.de
Bie mann,
Tobias
Uni e si y o
Bay eu h,
Depa men o
Mic ome eo ol-
ogy
CO2 Flux,
Me eo ologi-
cal measu e-
men s
Fieldwo k,
Da a p o-
cessing
obias.bie man@uni-bay eu h.de
Cone s, Heinz,
D
Uni e si y o
Gö ingen
Dep . o Plan
Ecology
Lysime e s,
oo biomass,
oo su ace
a ea
Fieldwo k,
Da a p o-
cessing, su-
pe iso
hcone [email protected]
Foken, Thom-
as, P o . D .
Uni e si y o
Bay eu h,
Depa men o
Mic ome eo ol-
ogy
CO2 Flux,
Me eo ologi-
cal measu e-
men s
supe iso
homas. oken@uni-bay eu h.de
Guggenbe ge ,
Geo g, D . P o
Uni e si y o
Hano e , Ins i-
u e o Soil Sci-
ence
CO2 Flux
supe iso
guggenbe ge @i bk.uni-
hanno e .de
Kuzyako ,
Yako , P o .
D .
Uni e si y o
Gö ingen, Dep .
o Soil Science
o Tempe a e
Ecosys ems
Soil meas-
u emen s
Supe iso
kuzyako @gwdg.de
Leonbache ,
Jü gen
Uni e si y o
Bay eu h,
Depa men o
Mic ome eo ol-
ogy
CO2 Flux,
Me eo ologi-
cal measu e-
men s
Fieldwo k,
Da a p o-
cessing
jue gen.leonbache @uni-
bay eu h.de
Leuschne ,
Ch is oph, D
P o
Uni e si y o
Gö ingen, De-
pa men o
Plan Ecology
Lysime e s
supe iso
[email protected]
Ma, Yaoming,
P o . D .
Ins i u e o Ti-
be an Pla eau
Resea ch
P ojec pa -
ne
[email p o ec ed]n
48
15.08 10:00 1/8 0 - Ac; Ci Ci CuH CuH; Ac Ac Ac; CuH Ci
11:00 1/8 3 - CuH CuH; Ci CuH; Cu CuM Ac; CuH Ac; CuH Ac; CuH
12:00 2/8 3 CuH CuH CuH; CuM CuM CuM CuM; CuC; CuH CuM Ac; CuM
13:00 3/8 3 CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuC; CuH; CuM CuM; CuC Ac; CuM CuM; CuC i ; CuM CuC; CuH CuH; CuC
16.08. 10:00 6/8 0 Cu; Ci; Cs Ci Ci Ci; Ac Ci Ci; Ac Ci Ci
11:00 6/8 3 Cs; CuH; Ci; Cu; Ac CuC; Ci CuC; CuH;Cs Ci; Ac Cu; Ac; Ci Ci Cs
12:00 6/8 3 Cs; CuH; CuC; Cb; Cs Cb; CuC; Ci CuC; Ci CuM; Ci CuC; CuM; Ci Ac; CuC; Ci Cb; CuC; Cu; Ci
13:00 7/8 3 CuC; Cs Cb Cb; Cu Cb i ; Cu CuM; Cs Cb; CuH; Ci Cb; Ci; CuH Cb; Ci; CuH
14:00 8/8 3 CU; Ac; Cs Cb; Ac Ac i ; Cs Cb i Cb i . CuM; As CuH; Cs; CuC Cb i
15:00 7/8 3 Cu; Ac; Cs Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac CuM; Ac Cu; Ci Cu; Cs
16:00 x x x x x x x x x x
17:00 5/8 3 Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Ac Ci; Ac CuM; Ac Cu Cu; Ac
18:00 x x x x x x x x x x
19:00 7/8 3 As; Cu Cu; As Cu; As Cu; Ac Cu; Ac CuC; Ac; Ci Cu; Ac Cu; Ac
20:00 8/8 3 Ac; As Ac; As Ac; As Ac; As Ac; As Ac; As Cu; As; Ac As; Ac
17.08. 10:00 7/8 0 Cu; Ac Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Ac Ac; Cu Ac Ac
11:00 7/8 3 Cu Ac CuC; Ac Cu; Ac CuH; Ac CuM; Ci; Ac Ac Ac
12:00 6/8 3 Ac; Cu Ac; Cu CuC; Ac Ac; CuM CuC CuM Ci; Cu CuM; Ci
13:00 7/8 3 CuC; CuM; Ci Ac; Cu CuC CuC CuC; Cb i CuM CuC; CuM CuM
14:00 6/8 3 Cu; Ci Ac; Cu CuC; CuH CuC; Ci CuM; CuH; CuC CuM CuM CuC; CuM
15:00 7/8 3 Ac; Sc As; Cu As; Cu Cu; As Cu; As CuM; Ci; CuC i CuC CuC
16:00 7/8 2 Sc As; Cu As; Cu Cu; As Cu; As CuM; Ci; CuC i CuC CuC
17:00 8/8 3 CuC i Ns CuH; As As; Cu As; Cu Sc As; Cu CuC
18:00 8/8 2 Cu; Ns Ns Ns As; Cu Ac; Cu Cu; Ac As; Cu Ns
19:00 8/8 58 Ns Ns As; Ac As; Ac As; Ac Ns Ns Ns
20:00 8/8 58 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
18.08. 08:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
09:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
10:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
11:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
12:00 7/8 1 Ns As; Ac
13:00 7/8 3 Sc Sc Sc Cu; Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc
14:00 x x x x x x x x x x
15:00 7/8 3 Sc; Cu Cu Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc
16:00 7/8 3 Cu; Ac Sc Sc Sc Sc Cu; Ac Sc Sc
17:00 7/8 3 Cu; As Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Sc Ac; As
18:00 7/8 3 Ac; Ci Cu; Ci Cu Cu Cu As; Cu As; Cu Cu; As
19:00 8/8 3 Ac; Cs Ac; Cs Ac; Cs; Cu Ac; Cs; Cu Ac; Cs; Cu Cu; As Ac; Cs Cs; Ac
20:00 8/8 3 Cs; Ac Cs; Ac Cs; Ac; Cu Cs; Ac; Cu Cs; Ac Cu; As Ac; Cs Cs; Ac
21:00 6/8 2 Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci
19.08. 08:00 1/8 0 - Ci Ac; Cs Ac - - - -
09:00 1/8 2 - - - CuH CuH CuH - -
10:00 1/8 3 CuH Ci CuH; Ac; CuC CuH; CuC CuH; Ci CuH CuH CuH
11:00 2/8 3 CuH - CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuH; Ci; CuC CuM CuH CuC
12:00 2/8 2 Cu; Ci Ci; Cu CuH; CuC; Ci CuH; Ci CuH; Ci CuM CuH CuC
13:00 2/8 3 Cu Ci; Cu CuH; Ci Cu; Ci Cu CuM CuM CuH
14:00 2/8 2 - CuH CuH; CuC CuH; Ci CuH; Cs CuM; CuH Cs; CuH Ci; CuH; CuC
15:00 3/8 3 Cc - CuC CuH CuC; CuH CuH; CuM; Cs Cs; CuH Ci; CuH
16:00 3/8 3 Cs CuC; Cu ac CuC; Ac; CuH Cc; Cu CuH; Cs Ci; Cs; CuH; CuM Ci; CuH CuH; Cs
17:00 3/8 2 Cs; CuH; CuC; Ci CuC; Ci Cu; Ci CuH; Cs Ci Ci; CuH CuH; Ci
18:00 3/8 3 Ci Ci; Cu Ci; CuH Ci; CuC; Cuh CuC; Ci Ci; CuH Ci; CuH Ci
19:00 3/8 3 Ci; Ac Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Cu; Ci Cs, CuH Ac; As; Ci Ac; Ci Ci
20.08. 09:00 8/8 0 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc
10:00 8/8 2 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc As Ac
11:00 8/8 2 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc As Ac
12:00 8/8 2 Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As
13:00 8/8 2 Cu; As Cu; As Ac; As As; Cu Ns; Cu Ns; Cu Cu; As Cu; As
14:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
15:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
16:00 8/8 81 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
17:00 8/8 81 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
18:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
19:00 8/8 60 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
20:00 8/8 60 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns

49
21.08. 08:00 7/8 3 Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc As Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc
09:00 8/8 1 Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc
10:00 7/8 2 Sc Sc Ac; Cu Ac; Cu Cu Ac; Cu Ac; Cu Ac; Cu
11:00 7/8 3 Cu; Ac; Ci CuC; Ci Ci; Cc; Ac As; Cu; Cc Sc CuM CuM CuH; Ac
13:00 6/8 2 Cu; Ci Ci; CuH; CuC Ci; CuH Ci; CuH; CuC CuM CuM; CuC CuC; Cu ac CuC; Cu ac
14:00 5/8 2 CuH; Ci; CuC Ci; CuH Cs; Ci; CuH; CuC CuH; CuC; Ci ib CuC; CuM CuM; CuC CuC; Cu ac CuC; Cu ac
15:00 5/8 2 Ci; CuH Ci; Cs; CuH
Cs; Ci; CuM; CuC
CuM; Ci Ci; CuM CuM; Cb i CuC; CuH CuC; CuH
16:00 6/8 3 CuC CuH; Ci Ci; CuC; CuM CuM; Ci CuC; CuM Ac; CuM; Ns Ac; CuC CuC
17:00 7/8 60 CuC CuC; Ci CuC CuC CuC; Ac CuC; Ac; Ci Ci; Cu Cu; Ci
18:00 7/8 3 Ac; CuC; Ci CuH; Cs; Ci Ns; Cb Ns; Cb Cb Ac; CuC; Ci Ci; Cu Cu; Ci
19:00 7/8 3 Ac; Cu Ac; Ns Ac; As As Ac; As Ac; As Ac Ac
20:00 7/8 3 Ac; Cu; Ci As; Ns; Ci Ns As; Cu Cu; As CuC Ac Ac
22.08. 08:00 5/8 0 Cu; Ac Ac Ac, Cs Ci; Ac Ac; Cs Ac len Ac len Ac
09:00 7/8 3 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc
10:00 6/8 2 Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Ac; Cu
11:00 7/8 3 CuC; Cu Cu; Ac Cu; Ac CuC CuH; Ac CuM CuM; CuC CuM
12:00 5/8 21 CuC CuC CuC CuM; Ac CuM CuM; Ac CuM; Ac; CuC CuM; CuC
13:00 5/8 2 CuC CuC; Ac CuC CuC CuM; CuH CuM; Ac CuC; CuH CuC; CuH
14:00 5/8 2 CuC CuC; Ac CuC CuC CuM; CuH CuM; Ac CuC; CuH CuC; CuH
15:00 7/8 3 CuC; CuM; Cc CuC; CuH; Cc CuC; Sc Sc; CuC Cs; CuC CuC; Ac; Cc CuH; Cc; CuC CuH; CuC
16:00 7/8 3 CuC; Ac; Ci CuC, Cs Ac; CuC; CuH Sc CuC; CuH; Cs CuC i CuC; CuM; CuH; Ac CuC; Cc
17:00 7/8 81 Cu Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
18:00 6/8 3 Ns Ns Ns Ci; Ac; Cu Ci; Ac; Cu CuM; Ci Ci; Ac; CuC Ns; Ac; CuC
19:00 3/8 1 Cb Ac; Cb Ac Cc Ac Ci; CuM; CuC CuC; Ac Cb; Ac
20:00 1/8 1 Ac CuC Ac Ci Ci CuC; Ac Cb
23.08. 08:00 7/8 0 Ac Ns Ns Ns Ns As; Ac Ac Ac
09:00 6/8 2 Cu; Ac Ac Cu; Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac
10:00 6/8 3 Cu; Ac Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Ac, CuM; Ci Ac; Cu
11:00 6/8 3 CuC; Ac Ac; Cu CuC CuC As; Cu CuM; Ac CuM; Ac; CuC Ac; Ci
12:00 5/8 3 CuC; Ac CuC; Ac; Ci Cu; Ac, Ci CuC; CuM CuC; CuM CuM; Ci CuM; Ci CuM; Ci
13:00 5/8 3 CuC; CuH CuC; Ci; CuH CuC; Ci CuH; CuM Cb; CuH CuH; Cb CuC; CuH CuH; CuC
14:00 7/8 3 CuC; CuH Ci; CuC; CuH CuC; CuH Cc; CuC Cb Cb; CuCM; Ac Cb i CuC
15:00 7/8 3 Cb Cb; CuC As; CuC As; CuC Ac, Cc; Cs Cc; Ac; CuC CuC; Ac Cb
16:00 2/8 2 Cu CuC; Ci loc Ac, CuC Ac; CuC Cu; CuC Cb Cu; Ci
17:00 7/8 60 CuC Cb Cb Cu Cb
18:00 3/8 1 Ac; Cc Ac CuC; Ac Ac; CuC; Cb CuC; CuH; CuM; Ac CuC; Ac CuC; Ci; Ac
19:00 2/8 1 Cc CuH; Ac Ac CuC; Ac CuC; Ac Ac, CuM CuC; Ac CuH; CuM
20:00 1/8 1 - - - Ac CuH; Ac Ac i CuC Ac; CuC
24.08. 08:00 1/8 0 CuH - - - - - - Ac
09:00 2/8 3 CuH; Ac Cu - - - - - -
10:00 1/8 1 CuH - - - Ac - - -
11:00 1/8 3 - - CuC; CuH CuH CuH Ac, CuM CuH; CuC CuH
12:00 2/8 3 CuH CuC; CuH CuC CuC CuH; Ac; CuC Ac; CuH; CuM Ac; CuC; CuH CuH
13:00 4/8 3 CuH; Ci; Ac CuH; CuC CuC; CuH; Ac CuH; CuC CuC; CuH Sc; Cb i Cb i CuH; CuC
14:00 6/8 3 Ac; CuC CuC CuC; CuH Ac; CuC CuC; Ac; As Sc; Cb i CuC; Ac; As CuC; Ac
15:00 5/8 1 Ac Ac; Ci; CuH CuC; Ac Ac; CuC CuC; Ac CuM; Ac Ac; CuC CuC; Ac
16:00 3/8 1 Ac; CuM; CuH CuC; CuH CuH; CuC CuC; Ac CuM; Ac Ac; CuM CuC; Ac CuC
17:00 x x x x x x x x x x
18:00 3/8 3 Ac; As; CuH Ac; As; CuC CuH CuC; CuH Ac Ac; CuC Ac; CuC Ac; CuH
19:00 2/8 1 Ac Ac Ac CuC; Ac - CuH; Ac Ac; CuH Ac; CuH
20:00 2/8 Ac - - Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac
25.08. 09:00 1/8 0 Ac - - - - - Ac Ac
10:00 1/8 3 Ac; Cu - Cu - - - Ac Ac
11:00 1/8 3 CuH Cu Cu Cu Cu Ac; Cu Ac; Cu Ac; Cu
12:00 1/8 3 CuH; CuC CuC Ac; CuC CuH CuH Ac; CuC Ac; CuC Ac; CuH
13:00 3/8 3 Ac; CuM CuC; CuH CuM CuM CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuM; Ac CuH
14:00 3/8 3 Ac; CuM Ac; CuM CuC; CuH CuM CuH CuM CuM CuM
15:00 3/8 2 CuM CuH; CuC CuH CuM CuM CuM CuM CuH; CuC
16:00 3/8 2 CuM CuM; CuH CuH; CuM CuM CuM; CuH CuM CuM CuM; CuH
17:00 3/8 2 CuM CuM; CuH CuH; CuM CuM CuM; CuH CuM CuM CuM; CuH
18:00 2/8 2 CuM CuC CuH CuH CuH CuM CuH CuM
19:00 1/8 1 - CuH CuH CuH - CuM - CuH
20:00 1/8 1 - - CuH CuH - CuH - -
26.08. 08:00 1/8 0 Ac - - Cu -Cu - -
09:00 1/8 2 Ac - - - - Cu - -
10:00 2/8 3 Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu - -
11:00 1/8 3 CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuM; CuC CuH
12:00 3/8 3 CuH CuC CuC CuC CuM; CuC CuM; CuC Ac; CuH CuH
13:00 4/8 60 CuC CuC CuC CuC CuC CuM; CuC Ac; CuH CuM
14:00 6/8 3 CuC Cb CuC Cb CuC; CuM CuM; CuC CuM CuM
15:00 5/8 3 Ci; CuC Sc; Cb Cb Cb CuM CuM; Ci; Cb Ci; CuM Cb; Ac
16:00 5/8 3 Ci; CuC Cb; Ac; Ci Cu Cb; CuM; CuC Cb Ci; CuC Ci; Cu
17:00 5/8 3 Ci; Ac Ci; Cb Cb; CuH Cb; CuC Ci; Cc; CuH Ci; CuM Cb Cb
18:00 x x x x x x x x x x
19:00 6/8 3 CuH; Cs Ac, Cs; CuH Cb; CuH CuH; Ci CuM; Ac CuM; Cb CuH Ac
27.08. 11:00 6/8 3 CuC CuC; Ci CuC CuC CuC; Ac Sc Sc Sc
12:00 6/8 2 As CuC CuC CuC; Ci CuC CuM As; CuH As; CuH
13:00 8/8 egen Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns
16:00 7/8 egen Ns Ns Ac; As CuC CuC CuC CuC CuC
50
La in name
Desc ip ion
Abb e ia ion
Cloud gene a
Ci us
High leecy cloud
Ci
Ci ocumulus
High lu y cloud
Cc
Ci os a us
High mis y cloud
Cs
Al ocumulus
Rough lu y cloud
Ac
Al os a us
Middle high mis y cloud
As
Nimbos a us
Rain laye cloud
Ns
S a ocumulus
Laye heap cloud
Sc
S a us
Lowe laye cloud
S
Cumulus
Heap cloud
Cu
Cumulonimbus
Thunde cloud
Cb
Cloud species
ib a us
ib ous
ib
uncinus
hook-shaped
unc
cas ellanus
u e ed
cas
loccus
lu y, baggy
lo
s a i o mis
laye -shaped
s
nebulosus
nebula
neb
len icula is
len oid, almond-shaped
len
ac us
dis up ed
a
humilis
low
hum
medioc is
mode a e de eloped
med
conges us
high-piled
con
cal us
ba e
cal
capilla us
hai y
cap
Sub species
undula us
wa elike
un
adia us
adial, pa allel bands
a
duplica us
wo o mo e laye s
du
pe lucidus
see- h ough (gaps)
pe
anslucidus
anspa en
opacus
close, da k
op
Concomi an clouds
incus
wi h ambos
inc
mamma
bag-like ou g ow h a he bo om side o he clouds
mam
i ga
isible ain bands
i
p aecipi a io
wi h ain
p a
Rema k
mix u e o hum, med, con
spec
51
B. Vege a ion o soil colla s
Vege a ion co e age wi hin he soil colla o he CO2 lux measu emen s wi h he LI-COR chambe s
Soil colla
Kob
pygmaea
Cype ace
ae
Poace
ae
an-
nual
pe en-
nials
Lichens &
moss
c u
s
li -
e
Rocks &
soil
IK1
10
0
37
0.5
50
0
1
1
0.5
IK2
25
1
19
0
46
0
1
6
2
IK3
28
1
45
0
22
0
1
1
2
IK4
20
1.5
40
0
35
0
1.5
0.5
1.5
IK5
47
1
25
0
19
0
0.5
4
3.5
L1
15
0
0
0
15
1
68
0.5
0.5
L2
18
0
3
0
16
1.5
59
2
0.5
L3
16
0
11
1
17
2
52.2
0.8
0
L4
25
0
3
0
12
3
54.5
2
0.5
BS1
0
0
0
7
12
0.8
4
0.2
76
BS2
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0.5
90.5
BS3
0
0
0
6
23
0
0
0
71
BS4
0
0
0
1.2
5.5
0
0
0
93.3
LiCOR O ig-
inal1
38
2
4
0
44
0
1
10
1
LiCOR O ig-
inal2
70
0
2
0
11
0
1
15
1
L_Nee
25
0
0
2
20
5
42
5
1
L_Resp
25
0
1
0.5
9
6
53
5
0.5
IK_NEE
45
8
2
0
25
0
1
19
0
IK_NEE_2
42
0
10
0
46
0
1
0.8
0.2
IK_NEE_2
42
0
10
0
46
0
1
0.8
0.2
IK_Resp
50.5
0
1
0
20
0
0.5
25
3
IK_Resp_2
50
0
14
0
22
0
0.5
12
1.5
BS_NEE
0
0
0
16
0.5
0
0
0
83.5
BS_Resp
0
0
0
18
0
0
0
0
82
52
Species composi ion wi hin he soil colla o he CO2 lux measu emen s wi h he LI-COR chambe s (p:
pe ennial; a: annual; b: biennial)
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
a/
b
p
p
p
a
p
a/
p
a
a
p
p
p
p
a
Kob esia
Kob esia pygmaea
Kob esia pusilla
Ca ex i ano iae
Ca ex spec.
Po en illa saunde siana
Po en illa plumosa
Po en illa bi u ca
Sibbaldia adp essa
Saussu ea leioca pa
As e laccidus subsp. glandulosus
As agalus angu icus
Thalic um alpinum
Poa glauca subsp. glauca
Elymus spec.
Ve onica cilia a
Youngia simula ix
Lancea ibe ica
Lago is b achys achya
S ipa pu pu ea
Axy is p os a a
Lancea ibe ica
Galium pauci lo um
Koenigia islandica
Chenopodium oe idum
Ve onica cilia a
Po en illa bi u ca
Saussu ea leioca pa
As e laccidus subsp. glandulosus
D aba spec.
IK1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
IK2
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
IK3
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
IK4
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
IK5
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
IK_Res
p_2
x
x
x
x
x
x
IK_NE
E_2
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
LiCOR
O igi-
nal1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
LiCOR
O igi-
nal2
x
x
x
x
x
L1
x
x
x
x
x
x
L2
x
x
x
x
x
?
L3
x
x
x
x
x
x
L4
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
L_Nee
x
x
x
x
x
x
L_Resp
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
IK_NE
E
x
x
x
x
x
x
IK_Res
p
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
BS_NE
E
x
x
x
x
BS_Res
p
x
x
x
x
BS1
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
BS2
x
x
x
BS3
x
x
x
x
BS4
x
x
x
x
53
Volumes in he se ies ‚Uni e si y o Bay eu h, Depa men o Mic ome eo ology,
A bei se gebnisse
N
Au ho (s)
Ti le
Yea
01
Foken
De Bay eu he Tu bulenzknech
01/1999
02
Foken
Me hode zu Bes immung de ockenen Deposi ion on Bo
02/1999
03
Liu
E o analysis o he modi ied Bowen a io me hod
02/1999
04
Foken e al.
Nach os ge äh dung des ÖBG
03/1999
05
Hie eis
Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es Dlouhá Louka
03/1999
06
Mangold
Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es am S ando Weidenb unnen, Juli/Augus 1998
07/1999
07
Heinz e al.
S uk u analyse de a mosphä ischen Tu bulenz mi els Wa ele -Ve ah en zu Bes immung
on Aus auschp ozessen übe dem an a k ischen Schel eis
07/1999
08
Foken
Compa ison o he sonic anomome e Young Model 81000 du ing VOITEX-99
10/1999
09
Foken e al.
Lu hygienisch-bioklima ische Kennzeichnung des obe en Ege ales, Zwischenbe ich 1999
11/1999
10
Sodemann
S a ionsda enbank zum BS MLU-P ojek Lu hygienisch-bioklima ische Kennzeichnung des
obe en Ege ales
03/2000
11
Neune
Dokumen a ion zu E s ellung de me eo ologischen Eingabeda en ü das Modell BEKLIMA
10/2000
12
Foken e al.
Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es VOITEX-99
10/2000
13
B uckmeie e al.
Documena ion o he expe imen EBEX-2000, July 20 o Augus 24, 2000
01/2001
14
Foken e al.
Lu hygienisch-bioklima ische Kennzeichnung des obe en Ege ales
02/2001
15
Göckede
Die Ve wendung des Foo p in -Modells nach Schmid (1997) zu s abili ä sabhängigen Be-
s immung de Rauhigkei slänge
03/2001
16
Neune
Be echnung de E apo a ion im ÖBG (Uni e si ä Bay eu h) mi dem SVAT-Modell
BEKLIMA
05/2001
17
Sodemann
Dokumen a ion de So wa e zu Bea bei ung de FINTUREX-Da en
08/2002
18
Göckede e al.
Dokumen a ion des Expe imen s STINHO-1
08/2002
19
Göckede e al.
Dokumen a ion des Expe imen s STINHO-2
12/2002
20
Göckede e al
Cha ac e isa ion o a complex measu ing si e o lux measu emen s
12/2002
21
Liebe hal
S ahlungsmessge ä e e gleich wäh end des Expe imen s STINHO-1
01/2003
22
Maude e al.
Dokumen a ion des Expe imen s EVA_GRIPS
03/2003
23
Maude e al.
Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es LITFASS-2003, Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es
GRASATEM-2003
12/2003
24
Thomas e al.
Documen a ion o he WALDATEM-2003 Expe imen
05/2004
25
Göckede e al.
Quali ä sbegu ach ung komplexe mik ome eo ologische Messs a ionen im Rahmen des
VERTIKO-P ojek s
11/2004
26
Maude & Foken
Documen a ion and ins uc ion manual o he eddy co a iance so wa e package TK2
12/2004
27
He old e al.
The OP-2 open pa h in a ed gas analyse o CO2and H2O
01/2005
28
Ruppe
ATEM so wa e o a mosphe ic u bulen exchange measu emen s using eddy co a iance and
elaxed eddy accumula ion sys ems and Bay eu h whole-ai REA sys em se up
04/2005
29
Foken (Ed.)
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05/2012
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Ruppe e al.
Whole-ai elaxed eddy accumula ion o he measu emen o iso ope and ace-gas luxes
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