Tibet Plateau Atmosphere-Ecology-Glaciology Cluster Joint Kobresia Ecosystem Experiment: Documentation of the second Intensive Observation Period, Summer 2012 in KEMA, Tibet

UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH Depa men o Mic ome eo ology Tibe Pla eau A mosphe e-Ecology-Glaciology Clus e Join Kob esia Ecosys em Expe imen : Documen a ion o he 2nd In ensi e Obse a ion Pe iod Summe 2012 in KEMA, Tibe Tobias Bie mann (Edi o ) Wi h Con ibu ions om: Elke Seebe , Pe Schleuß, Sand a Willinghö e , Jü gen Leonbache , Klaus Schü zenmeis e , Lau a S eing äbe , Wol gang Babel, Heinz Cone s, Thomas Foken, Geo g Guggenbe ge , Yako Kuzyako , Ch is oph Leuschne , Geo g Miehe, Ka s en Wesche, A bei se gebnisse N . 54 Bay eu h, Mai 2013 2 A bei se gebnisse, Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab . Mik ome eo ologie, P in , ISSN 1614-8916 A bei se gebnisse, Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab . Mik ome eo ologie, In e ne , ISSN 1614-8924 h p://opus.ub.uni-bay eu h.de/opus4-ubbay eu h/sol sea ch/index/sea ch/sea ch ype/se ies/id/1 Eigen e lag: Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab . Mik ome eo ologie Ve iel äl igung: D ucke ei de Uni e si ä Bay eu h He ausgebe : P o . D . Thomas Foken Uni e si ä Bay eu h, Ab eilung Mik ome eo ologie D-95440 Bay eu h Die Ve an wo ung übe den Inhal lieg beim Au o . 3 Con en 1. In oduc ion ............................................................................................................ 4 1.1. DFG SPP 1372 Tibe Pla eau: Fo ma ion-Clima e-Ecosys ems ........................... 5 2. Kob esia Ecosys em Moni o ing A ea (KEMA): Se up o IOP II ........................ 6 2.1. Loca ion and pe manen se up ............................................................................... 6 2.2. Measu emen s du ing IOP2 ................................................................................. 10 2.3. Su ace pa ame e s .............................................................................................. 11 2.3.1. Dis ibu ion o su ace co e ....................................................................... 11 2.3.2. Soil p ope ies a KEMA ............................................................................. 12 3. Vege a ion moni o ing and e iliza ion expe imen ............................................ 16 3.1. Se up and measu emen s ..................................................................................... 16 3.1.1. G azing expe imen ...................................................................................... 16 3.1.2. Fe iliza ion Expe imen .............................................................................. 16 3.2. Da a a ailabili y .................................................................................................. 18 4. Wea he obse a ions & me eo ological measu emen s ...................................... 19 4.1. Me eo ological measu emen s ............................................................................. 19 4.1.1. AWS Gö ingen GPEaws ............................................................................. 19 4.1.2. AWS Bay eu h UBTMMaws ....................................................................... 20 4.1.3. Radia ion complex UBTMM ad .................................................................. 20 4.1.4. Soil measu emen complex UBTMMsoil .................................................... 20 4.2. Me eo ological si e cha ac e is ics ...................................................................... 21 5. CO2 lux measu emen s wi h chambe s ................................................................ 23 5.1. Se up and Measu emen s ..................................................................................... 23 5.2. Da a a ailabili y .................................................................................................. 26 5.3. Vege a ion co e ................................................................................................. 28 6. Soil Measu emen s ............................................................................................... 30 6.1. N-up ake om di e en soil dep hs .................................................................... 30 6.2. E ec s o g azing on nu ien up ake om di e en soil dep hs ........................ 31 6.3. Kob esia oo ma deg ada ion and mo phology ................................................. 32 7. Soil-Plan wa e balance & P ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen .................... 34 7.1.1. Se up .................................................................................................................... 34 7.1.2. Measu emen o he lysime e s ins alled in 2010 ........................................ 36 7.2. Addi ional Measu emen s ................................................................................... 36 7.3. Abo e and below g ound biomass ...................................................................... 36 7.4. Da a a ailabili y o lysime e measu emen s ...................................................... 37 8. I iga ion Expe imen 2012 .................................................................................. 38 8.1. Se up and Measu emen s ..................................................................................... 38 9. Da a S o age and access ....................................................................................... 40 Pa icipan s and con ac in o ma ion ........................................................................... 41 Li e a u e ...................................................................................................................... 43 A. Wea he obse a ions .......................................................................................... 45 B. Vege a ion o soil colla s ..................................................................................... 51 4 1. In oduc ion This epo is documen a ion abou measu emen s conduc ed by he TiP A mosphe e- Ecology-Glaciology (AEG) clus e du ing he second in e disciplina y expe imen in he Kob esia Ecosys em Moni o ing A ea (KEMA) on he Tibe an Pla eau du ing he sum- me monsoon pe iod in 2012. I desc ibes he echnical se up and p o ides de ails abou he ime schedule as well. A de ailed desc ip ion o he i s expe imen in 2010 can be ound Bie mann and Leipold (2011). The ield si e is close o he Naqu Ecological and En i onmen al Obse a ion and Re- sea ch S a ion owned by he Tibe an Uni e si y (TU), Lhasa, Tibe an Au onomous Re- gion (TAR) and ope a ed by he Ins i u e o Tibe an Pla eau Resea ch (ITP), Chinese Academy o Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China. The wo k was ca ied ou in he amewo k o he DFG P og am SPP 1372 (TiP), wi h collabo a ing scien is s om he Depa men o Mic ome eo ology, Uni e si y o Bay eu h; he Depa men o Plan Ecology and he Depa men o Soil Science o Tempe a e Ecosys ems, Uni e si y o Gö ingen; he Ins i- u e o Soil Science, Leibni z Uni e si y Hanno e and he Senckenbe g Museum o Na - u al His o y Gö li z. The collabo a ion pa ne s in China we e he Ins i u e o Tibe an Pla eau Resea ch (ITP), he Cold and A id Regions En i onmen al and Enginee ing Re- sea ch Ins i u e (CAREERI) in Lanzhou, he Tibe an Uni e si y, Lhasa and he Beijing No mal Uni e si y, which helped wi h logis ical suppo , p o ided he accommoda ion a he esea ch s a ion and pa icipa ed in he ield wo k. The esea ch a ea is loca ed in he cen e o he majo dis ibu ion o Kob esia pygmaea. The pu pose o he expe imen is o in es iga e he ene gy and ma e exchange be ween soil, plan s and a mosphe e as well as plan dis ibu ion and g ow h on di e en land use ypes on he Tibe an Pla eau. Fo an expe imen o quan i y he e ec o inc eased g az- ing on he pla eau an a ea o app oxima ely 100m by 250m was enced in 2009 o exclude yaks and o he li es ock, addi ionally some smalle ences excluding also small mammals on an a ea o 10x10m we e se up in o de o quan i y hei di e en con ibu ion o he o e all g azing e ec . To moni o he eco e y o he ecosys em when g azing is exclud- ed ences we e se up on deg aded slopes. Fu he mo e g azing exclosu e plo s we e se up in he swamps, close o he i e . This ege a ion ype is used as win e pas u e and he e o e i is o high impo ance o he local land use. Due o he mino impac o pikas on his ege a ion ype he se up only con ains li es ock exclosu es and con ol plo s. A second g azing exclosu e a ea was enced in 2010 o u he expe imen s, since he abo e men ioned a ea is qui e d y and g azing is educed in his a ea due o egula ions om local go e nmen . 5 1.1. DFG SPP 1372 Tibe Pla eau: Fo ma ion-Clima e-Ecosys ems The Ge man Science Founda ion (DFG) p io i y p og am 1372 Tibe Pla eau: Fo ma ion- Clima e-Ecosys ems (TiP) s udies he Tibe an Pla eau ocusing on he h ee in e linked p ocesses, pla eau o ma ion, clima e e olu ion and human impac and Global Change. This s udy is mo i a ed by he impo ance o he Tibe an Pla eau on a global scale compa- able o he impo ance o An a c ica and he A c ic. I s o ma ion had a p o ound impac on he en i onmen al e olu ion a egional and global scales and un il oday di ec ly in- luences he habi a o billions o people. Mo eo e , he Tibe an Pla eau, like he Pola Regions, p o es o be pa icula ly sensi i e o an h opogenic Global Change. Wi hin he p ojec he key p ocesses a e analyzed wi h espec o hei impac on ecosys ems on h ee di e en ime scales. The i s being he Pla eau o ma ion, wi h he upli dynamics and ela ed clima e change du ing he las millions o se e al ens o millions o yea s, he se- cond being he La e Cenozoic clima e e olu ion and en i onmen al esponse du ing he las ens o housands o hund eds o housands o yea s wi h decadal o cen ennial esolu- ion. And inally he phase o human impac and Global Change is analyzed ocusing on he p esen s age, he pas ~ 8000 yea s, and pe spec i es o he u u e. The TiP A mosphe e-Ecology-Glaciology (AEG) clus e is collabo a ion wi hin he DFG SPP 1372 wi h he main ocus and esen clima e change and human impac on he eco- sys em on he TP. Following subp ojec s a e in ol ed P ojec Uni e si y/Ins i u e Mesoscale ci cula ions and ene gy and Gas exchange o e he Tibe an Pla eau DFG FO 226/18-1.2 Bay eu h Camb idge Pas and p esen human impac on Kob esia pas o al ecosys ems as deduced om soil o ganic ma e s ud- ies DFG KU 1184/14 Gö ingen Hanno e Iden i ica ion o pa ame e s, ac o s and dynamics o he Kob esia pygmaea pas o al ecosys ems: Vege a ion dynamics, biomass alloca ion and wa e consump ion o Kob esia as a unc ion o g azing and en i onmen al condi ions DFG MI 338/7-2; WE 2601/4-2; LE 762/12-2 Ma bu g Senckenbe g Muse- um, Gö li z Gö ingen Dynamic esponse o glacie s on he Tibe an Pla eau o clima e change DFG SCHN 680/3-1/2/3, SCHE 750/4-1/2/3 BU 949/20-1/2/3 RWTH Aachen, TU Be lin, TU D esden Fu he in o ma ion abou he clus e : h p://www.baycee .uni-bay eu h.de/TiP-AEG Fu he In o ma ion abou he p io i y p og am “TiP”: h p://www. ip.uni- uebingen.de/ 6 2. Kob esia Ecosys em Moni o ing A ea (KEMA): Se up o In ensi e Obse a ion Pe iod (IOP) II Tobias Bie mann(1), Elke Seebe (2), Pe Schleuß(3), Jü gen Leonbache (1), Sand a Willinghö e (4), Wol gang Babel(1), Lau a S eing äbe (5) (1) Dep . o Mic ome eo ology, Uni e si y o Bay eu h (2) Dep . o Bo any, Senckenbe g Na u al His o y Museum Gö li z (3) Dep . o Soil Science o Tempe a e Regions, Uni e si y o Gö ingen (4) Dep . o Plan Ecology and Ecosys em Resea ch, Uni e si y o Gö ingen (5) Ins i u e o Soil Science, Leibni z Uni e si y Hanno e 2.1. Loca ion and pe manen se up The measu emen si es (Kob esia Ecosys em Moni o ing A ea, KEMA) a e loca ed close o he TU-ITPCAS Naqu Ecological and En i onmen al Obse a ion and Resea ch S a- ion in he small illage Kema, which is abou 22 km in he SE o Naqu Ci y and 270 km NE o Lhasa, a an al i ude o abou 4410 m a.s.l.. I includes di e en ences ins alled in 2009 and 2010 o exclude g azing o li es ock and in some cases also small mammals. An o e iew o he comple e se up is gi en in Fig. 2-2, o mo e de ails please see Seebe e al. 2011. A de ailed o e iew o he ins alla ion o he conduc ed p ecipi a ion manipula- ion expe imen is gi en in Fig. 2-3. The ege a ion moni o ing plo s (VMP) a e labeled acco ding o he ea men ; C = con ol, P = no pikas, Y = no li es ock, YP = no he bi- o es, eplica es a e numbe ed om 1-4 s a ing. The big exclosu e om 2009 is labeled Km; eplica es a e numbe ed an iclockwise s a ing a he Wes e n en ance o he exclosu e. The ence se up in 2010 on he Kob esia pas u e is labeled Kp; eplica es a e numbe ed an iclockwise s a ing a he No heas en ance. The deg aded plo s a e called S , and he plo s in he we lands S. Based on ield obse a ions, a Landsa image (sou ce: Global Land Co e Facili y, www.landco e .o g) and a Google ea h pic u e om Decembe 2010 he map in Fig. 2-4 was d awn. This map shows he dis ibu ion o di e en land use ypes and he big exclosu es in he esea ch a ea KEMA. The classi ica ion o he land use ypes ollows he deg ada ion o he Kob esia ma s, s a ing wi h ma G and U (exclosu es) ollowed by D1-3 o ude al. Ri e bed is a empo a y looded a ea. Road and illage a e pe manen cons uc ions. The explana ion and pho os o he di e en land use ypes can be ound in Seebe e al. (2011). A mo e de ailed analysis o land co e based on sa elli e da a using RapidEye has been conduc ed wi hin a Bachelo hesis by Ringle (2013) unde he su- pe ision o P o . Miehe in Ma bu g. The dis ibu ion and densi y o he ege a ion co e is displayed in Fig. 2-5. 7 Fig. 2-1 Dis ibu ion o Kob esia on he Tibe an Pla eau. The esea ch a ea KEMA ma ked wi h he squa e (Miehe e al. 2008) Fig. 2-2 Se up o he pe manen ege a ion moni o ing plo s (VMP), he a eas enced in 2009 (Km) and in 2010 (Km). The VMP a e labeled acco ding o he ea men ; C = con ol, P = no pikas, Y = no li es ock, YP = no he bi o es. The posi ion o he esea ch s a ion is indica ed by an a ow and he 2012 posi ions o he Au oma ic Wea he S a ion (AWS) by a blue iangle. Red ci cles illus a e loca ions o eco ded soil p o iles on 2009 and 2010 enced si es (see chap e 2.3.2). Backg ound image is aken om Google Ea h in Dec. 2010, map modi ied a e Seebe e al., 2011. 8 Fig. 2-3: Posi ion and composi ion o oo s ins alled o he p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen . Squa es ma k he posi ion o he oo plo s and he blue ci cles ma k posi ions o he CO2 Flux con ol measu e- men s wi h a LICOR Su ey chambe , he posi ion o con inues soil espi a ion measu emen s wi h he LICOR long e m chambe is ma ked by a ed ci cle ma k Fig. 2-4: Dis ibu ion o land co e classes in he s udy si es ( o explana ion o classes see, Bie mann and Leipold, 2011). The g ey polygons ep esen he wo la ge exclosu es (Seebe e al., 2011) 9 Fig. 2-5: Dis ibu ion and densi y o ege a ion o KEMA based on a RapidEye sa elli e image. The enced a ea Km and Kp a e ma ked wi h black ames (Ringle 2013) 16 3. Vege a ion moni o ing and e iliza ion expe imen Elke Seebe (1), Geo g Miehe(2), Ka s en Wesche(1) (1) Dep . o Bo any, Senckenbe g Na u al His o y Museum Gö li z (2) Dep . o Geog aphy, Philipps-Uni e si y Ma bu g 3.1. Se up and measu emen s 3.1.1. G azing expe imen Wi hin each o he pe manen ences, a 10 by 10 me e plo was ma ked o ege a ion eco ds. To al pe cen age ege a ion co e was eco ded on species le el; eco ds we e aken annually end o Augus ill mid o Sep embe , co esponding o he end o he ege- a ion pe iod and hus he maximum co e o he ege a ion. Nex o each plo pe ea men , 25 cm x 25 cm pe manen subplo s we e ma ked. The numbe o eplica es a ied acco ding o he magni ude o small-scale he e ogenei y wi h- in plo s o he di e en ege a ion ypes: The e we e 3 plo s each a he wo Kob esia pas u e, 4 eplica es a he deg aded pas u es and 4 eplica es on each on he hummocks and hollows in he we lands. Peak s anding c op biomass was ha es ed and di e en ia ed in o Kob esia pygmaea, o he Cype aceae, Poaceae, sho -li ed (annual o biennial) he bs and pe ennial he bs (excep o he swamps). A he Kob esia subplo s lowe and ui s alks o Kob esia pygmaea we e coun ed an- nually as p oxies o he ep oduc i e success o he mos impo an species unde di e - en g azing condi ions. In 2012 addi ional 25x25 cm subplo s a e ma ked a abou 1 m dis ance o he pe manen subplo s. On hese plo s o al biomass is only ha es ed once and gi es he biomass and li e accumula ion a e a h ee yea s pe iod o ea men . 3.1.2. Fe iliza ion Expe imen In Sep embe 2009 a e iliza ion expe imen was se up in a andomized block design wi h 5 ea men s á 4 eplica es. The aim was o de e mine soil nu ien limi a ions o plan g ow h. The di e en ially es ed nu ien s included ni ogen, phospha e, and po as- sium (Table 3-1). Table 3-1: O e iew o he nu ien addi ion ea men s, he employed e ilize s, and he espec i e concen- a ions o he e iliza ion expe imen Nu i ion Fe ilize Concen a ion ni ogen, po assium KNO3 10 g/m², 34 g/m² phospha e, po assium KH2PO4 5 g/m², 34 g/m² Po assium K2SO4 34 g/m² ni ogen, phospha e, po assium KNO3, KH2PO4, K2SO4 10 g/m², 5 g/m², 34 g/m² Con ol 17 In Sep embe 2009, o each ea men a plo o one squa e me e was e ilized and p o- ec ed om g azing wi h 50 cm high wi e cages (Fig. 3-1). The e ilize was dissol ed in 3 li e g ound wa e and applica ed wi h a wa e ing can. This co esponded o an i iga- ion equi alen o 3 mm, which was also gi en o he con ol. The e iliza ion was e- pea ed in Sep embe 2010 and Sep embe 2011 on he same plo s. On wo subplo s (25 cm x 25 cm) lowe and ui s alks we e coun ed annually. Mean s anding c op was ha es ed annually a he same plo s end o Augus 2010, beginning o Sep embe 2010, end o Augus 2011 and beginning o Augus 2012, o assess he impac o he e iliza ion on o al biomass p oduc i i y. Biomass o Kob esia pygmaea, o he Cype aceae, Poaceae, annual o biennial he bs and pe ennial he bs was ha es ed sepa- a ely. In 2012, wo addi ional subplo s (25 x 25 cm) we e ha es ed o con ol o he impac o he annual cu ing and li e accumula ion. Addi ionally, soil samples we e aken in Augus 2010, 2011 and 2012 a he ho izons 0-5 cm and 6-20 cm o analysis o ( emaining) soil nu ien pools. Fig. 3-1: Block o he e iliza ion expe imen , p o ec ed om g azing by meshed wi e cages 18 3.2. Da a a ailabili y Gi en ha we used di e en numbe s o eplica es and ea men s, da a s uc u es di e among expe imen s. Table 3-2 summa izes he basic cha ac e is ics o he espec i e de- signs. Table 3-2: O e iew o e minal da es, numbe o eplica es, ea men s and subplo s pe ea men o ege a ion samples, biomass ha es s and assessmen s o ep oduc i e success be ween Augus and Sep- embe 2012 Expe imen and ege a ion ype Da e Numbe o eplica es Numbe o ea men s Numbe o subplo s Fe iliza ion expe imen , annual biomass Kob esia pas u e 07.08.2012 4 5 2 Fe iliza ion expe imen , ep oduc ion Kob esia pas u e 07.08.2012 4 5 2 Fe iliza ion expe imen , h ee yea s biomass accumula ion, Kob esia pas u e 07.08.2012 4 5 2 G azing expe imen , biomass Kob esia pas u e, enced 2009 13.08. 2012 4 4 3 G azing expe imen , ep oduc ion Kob esia pas u e, enced 2009 13.08. 2012 4 4 3 G azing expe imen , ege a ion eco d Kob esia pas u e, enced 2009 24.08.2012 4 4 1 G azing expe imen , biomass Kob esia pas u e, enced 2010 16.08.2012 4 4 3 G azing expe imen , ep oduc ion Kob esia pas u e, enced 2010 16.08.2012 4 4 3 G azing expe imen , ege a ion eco d Kob esia pas u e, enced 2010 27.08.2012 4 4 1 G azing expe imen , biomass Deg aded pas u e 28.08.2012 4 4 4 G azing expe imen , ege a ion eco d Deg aded pas u e 27.08.2012 4 4 1 G azing expe imen , biomass We land 21.08.2012 4 2 8 G azing expe imen , ege a ion eco d We land 28.08.2012 4 4 1 19 4. Wea he obse a ions & me eo ological measu emen s Jü gen Leonbache (1), Tobias Bie mann(1), Sand a Willinghö e (2), Klaus Schü zenmeis e (2), Heinz Cone s(2) and Thomas Foken(1) (1) Dep . o Mic ome eo ology, Uni e si y o Bay eu h (2) Dep . o Plan Ecology and Ecosys em Resea ch, Uni e si y o Gö ingen 4.1. Me eo ological measu emen s 4.1.1. AWS Gö ingen GPEaws Wea he da a was collec ed wi h he help o se e al senso s assembled oge he and se up on he in 2009 es ablished ield si e nex o he ence a op end o he plo s and hence close o he plo s o he p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen (Chap e 7). The measu ed me eo ological pa ame e s we e ai empe a u e, ai humidi y, p ecipi a ion, o al adia- ion, ne adia ion, sola adia ion (PAR), wind speed and di ec ion. Measu ed soil pa am- e e s we e soil mois u e, soil empe a u e and soil wa e po en ial. Table 4-1: Ins umen a ion o wea he s a ion Gö ingen Pa ame e SN Senso Uni s Heigh [m] Angle agains no h Ai empe a u e and humidi y E4412 Campbell CS 215 degC 2 90° P ecipi a ion 09325 RM Young Tipping Bucke Rain Gauge mm 0.5 240° Global adia ion 23679 Apogee Py anome e SP 110 Wm-2 2 180° Ne adia ion 00643 Kipp & Zonen NR Li e Wm-2 2 180° Sola adia ion (PAR) Q17815 LiCOR LI 190 SB µmols-1m-2 2 180° Wind speed and di ec ion 12080035 Gill WindSonic 1 ms-1;Deg 2.2 Soil mois u e 380076- 78 Campbell CS 616 ol% -0.05, -0.125 -0.25 Soil empe a u e 00041-44 Campbell PT 100/3 degC -0.025, -0.075 -0.125, -0.25 Soil wa e po en- ial 63AH533- 535 Campbell 257-L kPa -0.05, -0.125 -0.25 20 4.1.2. AWS Bay eu h UBTMMaws An au oma ic wea he s a ion (Del a-T, Ge many) was moun ed a he enced si e es ab- lished in 2010. Measu ed pa ame e s we e wind speed, wind di ec ion, ne adia ion, ai empe a u e, ela i e humidi y and p ecipi a ion. The wea he s a ion eco ded da a o he men ioned pa ame e s du ing he whole expe imen al pe iod. 4.1.3. Radia ion complex UBTMM ad Sola adia ion and i s long and sho wa e p ope ies we e measu ed wi h a CNR1 Ne Radiome e (Kipp & Zonen; Ne he lands) and moun ed on pole in app oxima ely 2m heigh . Calib a ion coe icien s and speci ica ions o he se up can be ound in Table 4-3. The Radia ion componen s we e measu ed o e he su ace ype co esponding o he unde lying su ace o he long e m CO2 su ey sys em (Fig.: 4-1). Wi h he i s es ab- lishmen a July 25 h measu emen began o e Ba e Soil. A Augus 16 h and 22nd he pole has been eloca ed o measu e o e Deg aded Roo Ma and In ac Roo Ma espec i ely. Da a was eco ded on a Vaisalla Logge . 4.1.4. Soil measu emen complex UBTMMsoil The soil complex (UBTMMsoil) was ins alled close o he adia ion complex UBT and o a ed analog o he long e m CO2 chambe sys em. Wi h he i s es ablishmen a July 25 h measu emen began unde Ba e Soil. A Augus 16 h and 22nd soil complex has been eloca ed o measu e unde nea h Deg aded Roo Ma and In ac Roo Ma espec i ely (Fig.: 4-2). Table 4-2 con ains calib a ion coe icien s and mo e speci ica ions conce ning he used de ices. Da a was eco ded on a Vaisalla Logge . A mo e de ailed discussion o he soil p ope ies can be ound in chap e 2.2.2. Table 4-3: Calib a ion coe icien s o he adia ion complex UBTMM ad ( o a ed oge he wi h he long e m CO2 Chambe and UBTMMsoil), ins alla ion was done as simila as possible abo e all su aces Pa ame e SN Senso Calib a ion ac o [µV/Wm²] Radia ion CNR1 990197 uppe SW uppe LW lowe SW lowe LW E=(10.93±0.002) E=(10.86±0.038) E=(10.80±0.002) E=(10.91±0.031) 21 Table 4-4: Ins umen a ion o soil pi UBTMMsoil ( o a ed oge he wi h he long e m CO2 Chambe sys- em and UBTMM ad) Pa ame e De ice SN Calib a ion Calib a ion/ Heigh [m] ac o Con e sion SoilTmp1 P 100 0054 --- mV o °C -0.025 in Logge SoilTmp2 P 100 0055 --- mV o °C -0.075 in Logge SoilTmp3 P 100 0057 --- mV o °C -0.125 in Logge SoilTmp4 P 100 0056 --- mV o °C -0.175 in Logge SoilTmp5 P 100 0053 --- mV o °C -0.25 in Logge Soil mois u e TDR-IMKO 31148 --- --- -0.1 Soil mois u e TDR-IMKO 31147 --- --- -0.2 G ound hea lux HP3 227µV/mW/cm² ---- -0.2 G ound hea lux Hukse-Flux --- -0.2 4.2. Me eo ological si e cha ac e is ics Measu ed obse a ions o wind di ec ion, wind speed, global adia ion, ela i e humidi y, ai empe a u e and p ecipi a ion a e shown in igu e 4-3, 4-4 and 4-5. These pa ame e s a e eco ded a he si e enced in 2009, which was he plo whe e he main wo k was ca - ied ou du ing he measu ing campaign 2012. Wea he obse a ions we e done by eye e e y hou du ing day ime. The eco dings o cloud species and co e can be ound in Appendix A. Fig. 4-6: Wind ose displaying he wind di ec ion and wind speed o e he whole measu emen pe iod in 2012 o GPEaws 22 Fig. 4-7: Obse a ions o global adia ion, ela i e humidi y, ai empe a u e and p ecipi a ion om July 11 h ill Aug. 9 h 2012 Fig. 4-8: o global adia ion, ela i e humidi y, ai empe a u e and p ecipi a ion om Augus 11 h ill Sep- embe 10 h 2012 23 5. CO2 lux measu emen s wi h chambe s Jü gen Leonbache (1), Tobias Bie mann(1), Lau a S eing äbe (2), Klaus Schü zenmeis e (3), Geo g Guggenbe ge (2) and Thomas Foken(1) (1) Dep . o Mic ome eo ology, Uni e si y o Bay eu h (2) Ins i u e o Soil Science, Leibniz Uni e si y Hanno e (3) Dep . o Plan Ecology and Ecosys em Resea ch, Uni e si y o Gö ingen 5.1. Se up and Measu emen s Fo CO2 lux measu emen s a long e m chambe sys em and a su ey chambe sys em om LI-COR Biosciences (Lincoln, NE, USA) we e u ilized. Bo h sys ems a e Flow- Th ough Non-S eady-S a e chambe s coupled wi h an in a- ed gas analyze (IRGA) o ins an aneous es ima ion o CO2 concen a ion, which enables he calcula ion o CO2 luxes wi h he implemen ed analy ical so wa e. To ensu e a sealed sampling and o a oid leaking du ing he measu emen o an ecosys em pa ch, PVC (poly inyl chlo ide) colla s wi h a diame e o 20cm we e ins alled wi h 5cm headspace in o he soil. All he colla s ha e been ins alled 24h p io he i s measu emen . Because lack o powe om g id due o he emo e s udy a ea, elec ici y was p o ided by sola panels and ba e ies as desc ibed in he use ’s manual (Li-COR, 2006) by he manu ac u e . The Li-COR long e m chambe sys em con ains o a da k chambe measu ing ecosys em espi a ion (Reco) and a anspa en one o measu ing ne ecosys em exchange (NEE). Bo h chambe s we e coupled o an au oma ed mul iplexing sys em (Li8150) which is connec ed o he gas analyze and enables o measu e CO2 luxes om bo h chambe s sequen ially. Du ing measu emen chambe ai is ci cula ing be ween an in a ed gas ana- lyze (IRGA) and he chambe . Due o he closed chambe sys em CO2 concen a ion is supposed o ise o all espec i ely. Changing concen a ion o e ime (d CO2/d ) enables he calcula ion o CO2-Flux (F CO2) (Li-COR, 2012). The chambe s a e equipped wi h a ully au oma ically o a ing a m, which mo es he chambe 180° away om he colla and he e o e ensu es no mal pa e ns o p ecipi a ion, empe a u e and adia ion. Fu he mo e he soil and ege a ion i sel ge s less dis u bed by mo ing he chambe in-be ween meas- u emen s. The measu emen s wi h he long e m chambe sys em o e In ac Roo Ma (Kob esia) and on Ba e Soil we e conduc ed inside Km close o he wea he s a ion. The measu e- men s o e Deg aded Roo Ma we e conduc ed ou side o Km on he sou h side o he plo . In addi ion o he wo long e m chambe s, lux measu emen s wi h a Li-COR su ey chambe sys em ha e been conduc ed o measu e ecosys em espi a ion. These measu e- men s we e made on an addi ionally es ablished measu ing ield consis ing o in o al 33 24 colla s (Fig. 5-4). Long- e m and su ey chambe sys ems we e adjus ed iden ically o a oid sys ema ical di e ences be ween he sys ems due o se up se ings. The se up se ings we e se o 2min obse a ion leng h; 30sec dead band; 74sec pu ge ime. Numbe o obse a ions du ing hal an hou was se o ou o he long e m da k and anspa en chambe espec i ely o p o ide a minimum le el o da a poin s o s a is ical analysis. I has been seen, ha unde -o o e -p essu iza ion o a chambe leads o o e -o unde - es ima ion o luxes, acco dingly (Da idson e al., 2002). Con a ily o he s udies (Bain e al., 2005; Conen and Smi h, 1998) de ec ed sys ema ical e o s in CO2 lux measu emen s induced by en s ecommended by Hu chinson and Li ings on (2001), especially unde changing and high wind eloci ies. To encoun e his p oblem Xu e al. (2006) de eloped a en , which has he p ope ies o le el ou p essu e di e ences wi hou biasing CO2 luxes a changing wind eloci ies. These en s a e a ached (Fig. 5-1; Fig. 5-2; Fig. 5-3) o he used Li-COR chambe s o ensu e unbiased CO2 measu emen s. Long- e m and su ey chambe sys ems we e adjus ed iden ically o a oid sys ema ical di e ences be ween he sys ems due o se up se ings. The se up se ings we e se o 2min obse a ion leng h; 30s dead band; 74s pu ge ime. Numbe o obse a ions du ing hal an hou was se o ou o he long e m da k and anspa en chambe espec i ely o p o ide a minimum le el o da a poin s o s a is ical analysis. Fig. 5-1: Li-COR Long e m CO2 lux chambe o measu ing he ne ecosys em exchange. Red ci cle indi- ca es he en ing ube 25 Fig. 5-2: Li-COR Long e m CO2 lux chambe o measu ing ecosys em espi a ion. Red ci cle indica es he en ing ube Fig. 5-3: Li-COR CO2 lux su ey chambe o measu ing ecosys em espi a ion. Red ci cle indica es he en ing ube 32 Fig. 6-2: Schema ic ep esen a ion o labeling and sampling on g azed and ung azed si es o he KEMA esea ch s a ion 6.3. Kob esia oo ma deg ada ion and mo phology The Kob esia oo ma s is a speci ic o ganic ho izon consis ing o subho izons allowing excellen adap ion o p o ec agains hea y g azing and ampling and con ibu e o as eco e y o pas u e a e o e g azing. As p e equisi e o u he s udies on i s de elop- men , deg ada ion and unc ions p ecise mo phological desc ip ions o Kob esia oo ma s a e necessa y. On his eason soil p o iles along a alse ime ch onosequence o deg- ada ion s ages (6 s ages, 4 epe i ions) we e selec ed in 2012 a si es o he KEMA e- sea ch a ea. The subho izons o he oo ma s and he op mine al soil ho izons o each deg ada ion s age will be p epa ed in de ail o desc ibe he mo phology o he subho izons including he isual mo phological cha ac e is ics, sepa a ion o li ing and dead oo biomass, C and nu ien (N, P, K, S) con en s, na u al abundance o 13C & 15N, pH, bulk densi y, and oo densi y. In addi ion bioma ke s udies will be implemen ed o h ee deg ada ion s ages conside ing soil samples, li ing and dead oo s and shoo s. The s udy aimed o iden i y majo d i e s o oo ma deg ada ion. I is based on he hy- po he ical idea ha undis u bed oo ma s (1) will be a ec ed by eezing and hawing p ocesses, which cause ini ial ice c acks (2). As a consequence decomposi ion o oo ma laye s will be accele a ed (3a) and p esen c acks will be enla ged. Mo eo e , small mammals (Ocho ona cu zoniae) will ge easy access in o he oo ma s (3b) and hus sup- po an inc ease o p esen c acks i sel . Finally, c acks will be enla ged by wa e and wind e osion (4 and 5) un il ba e soil su ace a eas wi hou oo ma ho izons occu (6). The mo phology can also help o unde s and unc ions o indi idual oo ma laye s and allows p edic ing u u e changes and deg ada ion by inc easing g azing in ensi y. 33 Fig. 6-3: False ime deg ada ion sequence o Kob esia o ma s on si es a KEMA 34 7. Soil-Plan wa e balance & P ecipi a ion manipula ion ex- pe imen ( oo expe imen ) Sand a Willinghö e , Klaus Schü zenmeis e , Heinz Cone s, Ch is oph Leuschne Depa men o Plan Ecology, Uni e si y o Gö ingen 7.1.1. Se up In 2010, a o al o 36 small weighing lysime e s we e ins alled in- and ou side he in 2009 enced a ea. Ou o his 36 lysime e s, 18 we e moni o ed again du ing he ield season in 2012 and 12 we e moni o ed as pa o he i iga ion expe imen conduc ed in 2012 (chap- e 8). Addi ional o he al eady ins alled lysime e s, in 2012 50 new lysime e s we e ins alled ou side he enced a ea as pa o he p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen ( oo expe i- men ). Small weighing lysime e s we e used o moni o e apo anspi a ion and in il a- ion o he Kob esia pygmaea ege a ion as well as ba e soil spo s. The lysime e consis o a Plexiglas ube (15 cm diame e ) wi h a Plexiglas pla e glued o he bo om. The bo - om pla e is co e ed wi h a sp ead bundle o 20 glass wicks (2 mm diame e ) leading h ough a 10 cm long downwa d pipe (15 mm diame e ) in o a plas ic bo le (Fig. 7-1). Via his hanging wa e column a suc ion o 10hPa is applied o soil monoli h, hus main- aining a cons an d ainage. The gu e oo s o he p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen consis o -shaped Plexi- glas shee s, adjus ed o a lexible ame allowing he oo s o be swung open o expe i- men s. The oo s we e ins alled 30 cm abo e g ound and hence abo e he lysime e s. Due o he aim o he expe imen , 3 di e en le els o p ecipi a ion we e o be simula ed: 100% p ecipi a ion = con ol = passage o he comple e p ecipi a ion; 130% = mo e p e- cipi a ion simula ed = addi ional wa e ing o each 130% o p ecipi a ion; 70% = educed p ecipi a ion = due o he o ien a ion o he gu e oo , p ecipi a ion was educed by 30% (Fig. 7-2). The p ecipi a ion in e cep ed by he 70%- oo s was collec ed in bucke s. A ound each oo plo , a 10 cm deep ench was dug o keep uno wa e away om he lysime e s. Unde each oo , 4 subplo s we e se up, whe eupon in 3 subplo s lysime e s we e ins alled (Fig. 7-3). Due o he expe imen al se up, in il a ion and e apo anspi a- ion we e o be measu ed and compa ed be ween e ilized, un e ilized (con ol plo ) K. pygmaea ege a ion plo s and ba e soil. Hence, unde each oo one lysime e each moni- o ed un e ilized und e ilized K. pygmaea ege a ion as well as ba e soil. In o al, 20 oo s wi h 50 lysime e s we e ins alled, hei posi ion and dimensions is illus a ed in Fig. 2-3. Addi ional i iga ion was done e e y day o he expe imen , addi ional o he na u al occu ing p ecipi a ion es ima ed om da a om Naqu Wea he S a ion, Chinese Wea he Se ice. Weighing o he lysime e s was conduc ed six imes du ing he expe imen pe i- od. The p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen an om Augus 14 h o Sep embe 10 h 2012. A longe expe imen pe iod is planned o he ield season 2013. 35 Fig. 7-1: Design and pho o o a small weighing lysime e in no mal posi ion. The undis u bed soil monoli h is in i s o iginal posi ion Fig. 7-2: Design and pho o o he gu e oo s Fig. 7-3: Design and dimensions o he oo s (plo s and subplo s) densely oo ed u sandy/loamy soil g a el 36 7.1.2. Measu emen o he lysime e s ins alled in 2010 Du ing ield season 2012, 18 ou o he 36 lysime e s ins alled in 2010 we e moni o ed and weighed o de e mine in il a ion and e apo anspi a ion a es. 15 lysime e s we e si ua ed in in ac K. pygmaea ege a ion spo s ou side he ence (con ol), in Pika exclu- sion plo s, Yak exclusion plo s, Yak and Pika exclusion plo s o compa e di e en g az- ing in ensi ies. In o de o in es iga e he e apo anspi a ion om dis u bed soil pa ches in compa ison o undis u bed soil, 3 lysime e s ins alled in ba e soil spo s (Yak and Pika exclusion plo s) we e moni o ed as well. Con ol 4 lysime e s Yak exclusion 4 lysime e s Pika exclusion 4 lysime e s Yak and Pika exclusion 3 lysime e s Ba e soil 3 lysime e s 7.2. Addi ional Measu emen s F om Augus 12 h o Sep embe 10 h 2012, 16 iBu ons The moch ons we e ins alled in he soil in dep hs o 0 cm, 2.5 cm, 7 cm and 12.5 cm, 4 unde each oo ype and 4 in he open ege a ion as con ol. Addi ionally, 4 iBu ons Hyg och on we e ins alled as well, 3 unde oo s (each oo ype 1 iBu on) and 1 no unde a oo . 7.3. Abo e and below g ound biomass Abo e and below g ound biomass (nec omass and oo s) was ha es ed a he end o he p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen in Sep embe 2012. Abo e g ound biomass was ha es ed on all 50 lysime e s unde he oo s as well as on he 18 lysime e s ins alled in 2009. Soil co es (3.3 cm in diame e ) o he de e mina ion o he oo biomass we e ak- en nex o he lysime e s unde he oo s o dep hs o 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm. All oo s in each sample we e insed om soil pa icles keeping small oo agmen s by means o a s ack o ine sie es. The oo agmen s we e di ided in o li ing and dead oo s unde a s e eo mic oscope, a me hod o iginally de eloped in he Depa men o Plan Ecology in Gö ingen o sepa a ing li ing and dead ee ine oo s. Be o e de e mining nec o- and biomass by d ying, he oo su ace a ea o subsamples was measu ed wi h an op ical sys em (WinRhizo, Regen Inc., Quebec, Can). 37 7.4. Da a a ailabili y o lysime e measu emen s In 2009 ins alled lysime e s we e weighed a he ollowing days: 18.07.12 11:30 S a 23.07.12 12:00 26.07.12 13:30 02.08.12 09:15 14.08.12 11:35 03.09.12 10:00 Lysime e s o oo expe imen we e weighed a ollowing days: 17.08.12 11:00 S a 22.08.12 11:40 25.08.12 12:25 02.09.12 10:50 07.09.12 11:20 10.09.12 10:30 38 8. I iga ion Expe imen 2012 Sand a Willinghö e , Heinz Cone s, Ch is oph Leuschne Depa men o Plan Ecology, Uni e si y o Gö ingen 8.1. Se up and Measu emen s On a Yak and Pika exclusion plo , a join i iga ion expe imen was es ablished in 2010 in a andom block design wi h 3 ea men s and 4 blocks (Cone s e al. 2011). In 2012, he i iga ion expe imen was con inued o he lysime e s ins alled on he plo . All oge he , 12 lysime e s wi h in ac K. pygmaea ege a ion we e moni o ed and weighed o de e - mine e apo anspi a ion and in il a ion. Again, 3 ea men s we e applied, wi h 4 eplica- ions each. The lysime e s we e i iga ed manually on a daily basis, wi h 0 mm, 2.5 mm o 5 mm, in addi ion o he na u al he na u al occu ing p ecipi a ion, es ima ed om da a om Naqu Wea he S a ion, Chinese Wea he Se ice. The i iga ion expe imen s a ed a July 18 h and an un il Augus 30 h 2012. A he end o he expe imen , he abo e g ound biomass was ha es ed and soil co es o oo biomass (same dep hs as p ecipi a ion manipula ion expe imen 7) de e mina ion we e aken. Lysime e s o i iga ion expe imen we e weighed a ollowing days: 23.07.12 15:00 S a 26.07.12 12:20 29.07.12 09:20 31.07.12 09:25 05.08.12 10:00 10.08.12 13:25 14.08.12 11:00 19.08.12 12:05 24.08.12 16:15 30.08.12 12:10 39 Fig. 8-1: Block design o he i iga ion expe imen on one o he bi o e exclosu e plo (Cone s e al. 2011) Fig. 8-2: Pho o o he i iga ion expe imen wi h 12 lysime e s Lysime e Respi a ion colla Open spo Biomass colla E D C B A 1 12 2 3 3 1 11 2 23 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 22 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 Con ol 2 Medium 3 High i iga ion Plo o ege a ion eco ds Lysime e Respi a ion colla Ba e soil Biomass colla E D C B A 1 12 2 3 3 1 11 2 23 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 22 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 Con ol 2 Medium 3 High i iga ion Plo o ege a ion eco ds 40 9. Da a S o age and access Fo access o he da a and addi ional in o ma ion please con ac : Vege a ion: [email p o ec ed] CO2 Chambe Measu emen s: Tobias.Bie mann@uni-bay eu h.de, Thom- [email p o ec ed], g[email p o ec ed]-hanno e .de Pulse Labeling & Soil measu emen s: [email p o ec ed]goe ingen.de, kuzy[email p o ec ed] Lysime e , Au oma ic wea he s a ion & Roo expe imen : hcone [email protected], [email p o ec ed] 41 Pa icipan s and con ac in o ma ion Name A ilia ion Expe imen Responsibil- i y con ac Babel, Wol gang Uni e si y o Bay eu h, Depa men o Mic ome eo ol- ogy CO2 Flux, Me eo ologi- cal measu e- men s Da a p o- cessing, echnical suppo wol gang.babel@uni-bay eu h.de Bie mann, Tobias Uni e si y o Bay eu h, Depa men o Mic ome eo ol- ogy CO2 Flux, Me eo ologi- cal measu e- men s Fieldwo k, Da a p o- cessing obias.bie man@uni-bay eu h.de Cone s, Heinz, D Uni e si y o Gö ingen Dep . o Plan Ecology Lysime e s, oo biomass, oo su ace a ea Fieldwo k, Da a p o- cessing, su- pe iso hcone [email protected] Foken, Thom- as, P o . D . Uni e si y o Bay eu h, Depa men o Mic ome eo ol- ogy CO2 Flux, Me eo ologi- cal measu e- men s supe iso homas. oken@uni-bay eu h.de Guggenbe ge , Geo g, D . P o Uni e si y o Hano e , Ins i- u e o Soil Sci- ence CO2 Flux supe iso guggenbe ge @i bk.uni- hanno e .de Kuzyako , Yako , P o . D . Uni e si y o Gö ingen, Dep . o Soil Science o Tempe a e Ecosys ems Soil meas- u emen s Supe iso kuzyako @gwdg.de Leonbache , Jü gen Uni e si y o Bay eu h, Depa men o Mic ome eo ol- ogy CO2 Flux, Me eo ologi- cal measu e- men s Fieldwo k, Da a p o- cessing jue gen.leonbache @uni- bay eu h.de Leuschne , Ch is oph, D P o Uni e si y o Gö ingen, De- pa men o Plan Ecology Lysime e s supe iso [email protected] Ma, Yaoming, P o . D . Ins i u e o Ti- be an Pla eau Resea ch P ojec pa - ne [email p o ec ed]n 48 15.08 10:00 1/8 0 - Ac; Ci Ci CuH CuH; Ac Ac Ac; CuH Ci 11:00 1/8 3 - CuH CuH; Ci CuH; Cu CuM Ac; CuH Ac; CuH Ac; CuH 12:00 2/8 3 CuH CuH CuH; CuM CuM CuM CuM; CuC; CuH CuM Ac; CuM 13:00 3/8 3 CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuC; CuH; CuM CuM; CuC Ac; CuM CuM; CuC i ; CuM CuC; CuH CuH; CuC 16.08. 10:00 6/8 0 Cu; Ci; Cs Ci Ci Ci; Ac Ci Ci; Ac Ci Ci 11:00 6/8 3 Cs; CuH; Ci; Cu; Ac CuC; Ci CuC; CuH;Cs Ci; Ac Cu; Ac; Ci Ci Cs 12:00 6/8 3 Cs; CuH; CuC; Cb; Cs Cb; CuC; Ci CuC; Ci CuM; Ci CuC; CuM; Ci Ac; CuC; Ci Cb; CuC; Cu; Ci 13:00 7/8 3 CuC; Cs Cb Cb; Cu Cb i ; Cu CuM; Cs Cb; CuH; Ci Cb; Ci; CuH Cb; Ci; CuH 14:00 8/8 3 CU; Ac; Cs Cb; Ac Ac i ; Cs Cb i Cb i . CuM; As CuH; Cs; CuC Cb i 15:00 7/8 3 Cu; Ac; Cs Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac CuM; Ac Cu; Ci Cu; Cs 16:00 x x x x x x x x x x 17:00 5/8 3 Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Ac Ci; Ac CuM; Ac Cu Cu; Ac 18:00 x x x x x x x x x x 19:00 7/8 3 As; Cu Cu; As Cu; As Cu; Ac Cu; Ac CuC; Ac; Ci Cu; Ac Cu; Ac 20:00 8/8 3 Ac; As Ac; As Ac; As Ac; As Ac; As Ac; As Cu; As; Ac As; Ac 17.08. 10:00 7/8 0 Cu; Ac Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Ac Ac; Cu Ac Ac 11:00 7/8 3 Cu Ac CuC; Ac Cu; Ac CuH; Ac CuM; Ci; Ac Ac Ac 12:00 6/8 3 Ac; Cu Ac; Cu CuC; Ac Ac; CuM CuC CuM Ci; Cu CuM; Ci 13:00 7/8 3 CuC; CuM; Ci Ac; Cu CuC CuC CuC; Cb i CuM CuC; CuM CuM 14:00 6/8 3 Cu; Ci Ac; Cu CuC; CuH CuC; Ci CuM; CuH; CuC CuM CuM CuC; CuM 15:00 7/8 3 Ac; Sc As; Cu As; Cu Cu; As Cu; As CuM; Ci; CuC i CuC CuC 16:00 7/8 2 Sc As; Cu As; Cu Cu; As Cu; As CuM; Ci; CuC i CuC CuC 17:00 8/8 3 CuC i Ns CuH; As As; Cu As; Cu Sc As; Cu CuC 18:00 8/8 2 Cu; Ns Ns Ns As; Cu Ac; Cu Cu; Ac As; Cu Ns 19:00 8/8 58 Ns Ns As; Ac As; Ac As; Ac Ns Ns Ns 20:00 8/8 58 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 18.08. 08:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 09:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 10:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 11:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 12:00 7/8 1 Ns As; Ac 13:00 7/8 3 Sc Sc Sc Cu; Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc 14:00 x x x x x x x x x x 15:00 7/8 3 Sc; Cu Cu Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc 16:00 7/8 3 Cu; Ac Sc Sc Sc Sc Cu; Ac Sc Sc 17:00 7/8 3 Cu; As Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Sc Ac; As 18:00 7/8 3 Ac; Ci Cu; Ci Cu Cu Cu As; Cu As; Cu Cu; As 19:00 8/8 3 Ac; Cs Ac; Cs Ac; Cs; Cu Ac; Cs; Cu Ac; Cs; Cu Cu; As Ac; Cs Cs; Ac 20:00 8/8 3 Cs; Ac Cs; Ac Cs; Ac; Cu Cs; Ac; Cu Cs; Ac Cu; As Ac; Cs Cs; Ac 21:00 6/8 2 Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Ci 19.08. 08:00 1/8 0 - Ci Ac; Cs Ac - - - - 09:00 1/8 2 - - - CuH CuH CuH - - 10:00 1/8 3 CuH Ci CuH; Ac; CuC CuH; CuC CuH; Ci CuH CuH CuH 11:00 2/8 3 CuH - CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuH; Ci; CuC CuM CuH CuC 12:00 2/8 2 Cu; Ci Ci; Cu CuH; CuC; Ci CuH; Ci CuH; Ci CuM CuH CuC 13:00 2/8 3 Cu Ci; Cu CuH; Ci Cu; Ci Cu CuM CuM CuH 14:00 2/8 2 - CuH CuH; CuC CuH; Ci CuH; Cs CuM; CuH Cs; CuH Ci; CuH; CuC 15:00 3/8 3 Cc - CuC CuH CuC; CuH CuH; CuM; Cs Cs; CuH Ci; CuH 16:00 3/8 3 Cs CuC; Cu ac CuC; Ac; CuH Cc; Cu CuH; Cs Ci; Cs; CuH; CuM Ci; CuH CuH; Cs 17:00 3/8 2 Cs; CuH; CuC; Ci CuC; Ci Cu; Ci CuH; Cs Ci Ci; CuH CuH; Ci 18:00 3/8 3 Ci Ci; Cu Ci; CuH Ci; CuC; Cuh CuC; Ci Ci; CuH Ci; CuH Ci 19:00 3/8 3 Ci; Ac Ci Ac; Ci Ac; Cu; Ci Cs, CuH Ac; As; Ci Ac; Ci Ci 20.08. 09:00 8/8 0 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc 10:00 8/8 2 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc As Ac 11:00 8/8 2 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc As Ac 12:00 8/8 2 Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As Cu; As 13:00 8/8 2 Cu; As Cu; As Ac; As As; Cu Ns; Cu Ns; Cu Cu; As Cu; As 14:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 15:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 16:00 8/8 81 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 17:00 8/8 81 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 18:00 8/8 80 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 19:00 8/8 60 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 20:00 8/8 60 Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 49 21.08. 08:00 7/8 3 Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc As Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc 09:00 8/8 1 Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc Ns; Sc 10:00 7/8 2 Sc Sc Ac; Cu Ac; Cu Cu Ac; Cu Ac; Cu Ac; Cu 11:00 7/8 3 Cu; Ac; Ci CuC; Ci Ci; Cc; Ac As; Cu; Cc Sc CuM CuM CuH; Ac 13:00 6/8 2 Cu; Ci Ci; CuH; CuC Ci; CuH Ci; CuH; CuC CuM CuM; CuC CuC; Cu ac CuC; Cu ac 14:00 5/8 2 CuH; Ci; CuC Ci; CuH Cs; Ci; CuH; CuC CuH; CuC; Ci ib CuC; CuM CuM; CuC CuC; Cu ac CuC; Cu ac 15:00 5/8 2 Ci; CuH Ci; Cs; CuH Cs; Ci; CuM; CuC CuM; Ci Ci; CuM CuM; Cb i CuC; CuH CuC; CuH 16:00 6/8 3 CuC CuH; Ci Ci; CuC; CuM CuM; Ci CuC; CuM Ac; CuM; Ns Ac; CuC CuC 17:00 7/8 60 CuC CuC; Ci CuC CuC CuC; Ac CuC; Ac; Ci Ci; Cu Cu; Ci 18:00 7/8 3 Ac; CuC; Ci CuH; Cs; Ci Ns; Cb Ns; Cb Cb Ac; CuC; Ci Ci; Cu Cu; Ci 19:00 7/8 3 Ac; Cu Ac; Ns Ac; As As Ac; As Ac; As Ac Ac 20:00 7/8 3 Ac; Cu; Ci As; Ns; Ci Ns As; Cu Cu; As CuC Ac Ac 22.08. 08:00 5/8 0 Cu; Ac Ac Ac, Cs Ci; Ac Ac; Cs Ac len Ac len Ac 09:00 7/8 3 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc 10:00 6/8 2 Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Ac; Cu 11:00 7/8 3 CuC; Cu Cu; Ac Cu; Ac CuC CuH; Ac CuM CuM; CuC CuM 12:00 5/8 21 CuC CuC CuC CuM; Ac CuM CuM; Ac CuM; Ac; CuC CuM; CuC 13:00 5/8 2 CuC CuC; Ac CuC CuC CuM; CuH CuM; Ac CuC; CuH CuC; CuH 14:00 5/8 2 CuC CuC; Ac CuC CuC CuM; CuH CuM; Ac CuC; CuH CuC; CuH 15:00 7/8 3 CuC; CuM; Cc CuC; CuH; Cc CuC; Sc Sc; CuC Cs; CuC CuC; Ac; Cc CuH; Cc; CuC CuH; CuC 16:00 7/8 3 CuC; Ac; Ci CuC, Cs Ac; CuC; CuH Sc CuC; CuH; Cs CuC i CuC; CuM; CuH; Ac CuC; Cc 17:00 7/8 81 Cu Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 18:00 6/8 3 Ns Ns Ns Ci; Ac; Cu Ci; Ac; Cu CuM; Ci Ci; Ac; CuC Ns; Ac; CuC 19:00 3/8 1 Cb Ac; Cb Ac Cc Ac Ci; CuM; CuC CuC; Ac Cb; Ac 20:00 1/8 1 Ac CuC Ac Ci Ci CuC; Ac Cb 23.08. 08:00 7/8 0 Ac Ns Ns Ns Ns As; Ac Ac Ac 09:00 6/8 2 Cu; Ac Ac Cu; Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac 10:00 6/8 3 Cu; Ac Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Cu; Ac Ac, CuM; Ci Ac; Cu 11:00 6/8 3 CuC; Ac Ac; Cu CuC CuC As; Cu CuM; Ac CuM; Ac; CuC Ac; Ci 12:00 5/8 3 CuC; Ac CuC; Ac; Ci Cu; Ac, Ci CuC; CuM CuC; CuM CuM; Ci CuM; Ci CuM; Ci 13:00 5/8 3 CuC; CuH CuC; Ci; CuH CuC; Ci CuH; CuM Cb; CuH CuH; Cb CuC; CuH CuH; CuC 14:00 7/8 3 CuC; CuH Ci; CuC; CuH CuC; CuH Cc; CuC Cb Cb; CuCM; Ac Cb i CuC 15:00 7/8 3 Cb Cb; CuC As; CuC As; CuC Ac, Cc; Cs Cc; Ac; CuC CuC; Ac Cb 16:00 2/8 2 Cu CuC; Ci loc Ac, CuC Ac; CuC Cu; CuC Cb Cu; Ci 17:00 7/8 60 CuC Cb Cb Cu Cb 18:00 3/8 1 Ac; Cc Ac CuC; Ac Ac; CuC; Cb CuC; CuH; CuM; Ac CuC; Ac CuC; Ci; Ac 19:00 2/8 1 Cc CuH; Ac Ac CuC; Ac CuC; Ac Ac, CuM CuC; Ac CuH; CuM 20:00 1/8 1 - - - Ac CuH; Ac Ac i CuC Ac; CuC 24.08. 08:00 1/8 0 CuH - - - - - - Ac 09:00 2/8 3 CuH; Ac Cu - - - - - - 10:00 1/8 1 CuH - - - Ac - - - 11:00 1/8 3 - - CuC; CuH CuH CuH Ac, CuM CuH; CuC CuH 12:00 2/8 3 CuH CuC; CuH CuC CuC CuH; Ac; CuC Ac; CuH; CuM Ac; CuC; CuH CuH 13:00 4/8 3 CuH; Ci; Ac CuH; CuC CuC; CuH; Ac CuH; CuC CuC; CuH Sc; Cb i Cb i CuH; CuC 14:00 6/8 3 Ac; CuC CuC CuC; CuH Ac; CuC CuC; Ac; As Sc; Cb i CuC; Ac; As CuC; Ac 15:00 5/8 1 Ac Ac; Ci; CuH CuC; Ac Ac; CuC CuC; Ac CuM; Ac Ac; CuC CuC; Ac 16:00 3/8 1 Ac; CuM; CuH CuC; CuH CuH; CuC CuC; Ac CuM; Ac Ac; CuM CuC; Ac CuC 17:00 x x x x x x x x x x 18:00 3/8 3 Ac; As; CuH Ac; As; CuC CuH CuC; CuH Ac Ac; CuC Ac; CuC Ac; CuH 19:00 2/8 1 Ac Ac Ac CuC; Ac - CuH; Ac Ac; CuH Ac; CuH 20:00 2/8 Ac - - Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac 25.08. 09:00 1/8 0 Ac - - - - - Ac Ac 10:00 1/8 3 Ac; Cu - Cu - - - Ac Ac 11:00 1/8 3 CuH Cu Cu Cu Cu Ac; Cu Ac; Cu Ac; Cu 12:00 1/8 3 CuH; CuC CuC Ac; CuC CuH CuH Ac; CuC Ac; CuC Ac; CuH 13:00 3/8 3 Ac; CuM CuC; CuH CuM CuM CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuM; Ac CuH 14:00 3/8 3 Ac; CuM Ac; CuM CuC; CuH CuM CuH CuM CuM CuM 15:00 3/8 2 CuM CuH; CuC CuH CuM CuM CuM CuM CuH; CuC 16:00 3/8 2 CuM CuM; CuH CuH; CuM CuM CuM; CuH CuM CuM CuM; CuH 17:00 3/8 2 CuM CuM; CuH CuH; CuM CuM CuM; CuH CuM CuM CuM; CuH 18:00 2/8 2 CuM CuC CuH CuH CuH CuM CuH CuM 19:00 1/8 1 - CuH CuH CuH - CuM - CuH 20:00 1/8 1 - - CuH CuH - CuH - - 26.08. 08:00 1/8 0 Ac - - Cu -Cu - - 09:00 1/8 2 Ac - - - - Cu - - 10:00 2/8 3 Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu - - 11:00 1/8 3 CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuC; CuH CuM; CuC CuH 12:00 3/8 3 CuH CuC CuC CuC CuM; CuC CuM; CuC Ac; CuH CuH 13:00 4/8 60 CuC CuC CuC CuC CuC CuM; CuC Ac; CuH CuM 14:00 6/8 3 CuC Cb CuC Cb CuC; CuM CuM; CuC CuM CuM 15:00 5/8 3 Ci; CuC Sc; Cb Cb Cb CuM CuM; Ci; Cb Ci; CuM Cb; Ac 16:00 5/8 3 Ci; CuC Cb; Ac; Ci Cu Cb; CuM; CuC Cb Ci; CuC Ci; Cu 17:00 5/8 3 Ci; Ac Ci; Cb Cb; CuH Cb; CuC Ci; Cc; CuH Ci; CuM Cb Cb 18:00 x x x x x x x x x x 19:00 6/8 3 CuH; Cs Ac, Cs; CuH Cb; CuH CuH; Ci CuM; Ac CuM; Cb CuH Ac 27.08. 11:00 6/8 3 CuC CuC; Ci CuC CuC CuC; Ac Sc Sc Sc 12:00 6/8 2 As CuC CuC CuC; Ci CuC CuM As; CuH As; CuH 13:00 8/8 egen Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 16:00 7/8 egen Ns Ns Ac; As CuC CuC CuC CuC CuC 50 La in name Desc ip ion Abb e ia ion Cloud gene a Ci us High leecy cloud Ci Ci ocumulus High lu y cloud Cc Ci os a us High mis y cloud Cs Al ocumulus Rough lu y cloud Ac Al os a us Middle high mis y cloud As Nimbos a us Rain laye cloud Ns S a ocumulus Laye heap cloud Sc S a us Lowe laye cloud S Cumulus Heap cloud Cu Cumulonimbus Thunde cloud Cb Cloud species ib a us ib ous ib uncinus hook-shaped unc cas ellanus u e ed cas loccus lu y, baggy lo s a i o mis laye -shaped s nebulosus nebula neb len icula is len oid, almond-shaped len ac us dis up ed a humilis low hum medioc is mode a e de eloped med conges us high-piled con cal us ba e cal capilla us hai y cap Sub species undula us wa elike un adia us adial, pa allel bands a duplica us wo o mo e laye s du pe lucidus see- h ough (gaps) pe anslucidus anspa en opacus close, da k op Concomi an clouds incus wi h ambos inc mamma bag-like ou g ow h a he bo om side o he clouds mam i ga isible ain bands i p aecipi a io wi h ain p a Rema k mix u e o hum, med, con spec 51 B. Vege a ion o soil colla s Vege a ion co e age wi hin he soil colla o he CO2 lux measu emen s wi h he LI-COR chambe s Soil colla Kob pygmaea Cype ace ae Poace ae an- nual pe en- nials Lichens & moss c u s li - e Rocks & soil IK1 10 0 37 0.5 50 0 1 1 0.5 IK2 25 1 19 0 46 0 1 6 2 IK3 28 1 45 0 22 0 1 1 2 IK4 20 1.5 40 0 35 0 1.5 0.5 1.5 IK5 47 1 25 0 19 0 0.5 4 3.5 L1 15 0 0 0 15 1 68 0.5 0.5 L2 18 0 3 0 16 1.5 59 2 0.5 L3 16 0 11 1 17 2 52.2 0.8 0 L4 25 0 3 0 12 3 54.5 2 0.5 BS1 0 0 0 7 12 0.8 4 0.2 76 BS2 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0.5 90.5 BS3 0 0 0 6 23 0 0 0 71 BS4 0 0 0 1.2 5.5 0 0 0 93.3 LiCOR O ig- inal1 38 2 4 0 44 0 1 10 1 LiCOR O ig- inal2 70 0 2 0 11 0 1 15 1 L_Nee 25 0 0 2 20 5 42 5 1 L_Resp 25 0 1 0.5 9 6 53 5 0.5 IK_NEE 45 8 2 0 25 0 1 19 0 IK_NEE_2 42 0 10 0 46 0 1 0.8 0.2 IK_NEE_2 42 0 10 0 46 0 1 0.8 0.2 IK_Resp 50.5 0 1 0 20 0 0.5 25 3 IK_Resp_2 50 0 14 0 22 0 0.5 12 1.5 BS_NEE 0 0 0 16 0.5 0 0 0 83.5 BS_Resp 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 82 52 Species composi ion wi hin he soil colla o he CO2 lux measu emen s wi h he LI-COR chambe s (p: pe ennial; a: annual; b: biennial) p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p a/ b p p p a p a/ p a a p p p p a Kob esia Kob esia pygmaea Kob esia pusilla Ca ex i ano iae Ca ex spec. Po en illa saunde siana Po en illa plumosa Po en illa bi u ca Sibbaldia adp essa Saussu ea leioca pa As e laccidus subsp. glandulosus As agalus angu icus Thalic um alpinum Poa glauca subsp. glauca Elymus spec. Ve onica cilia a Youngia simula ix Lancea ibe ica Lago is b achys achya S ipa pu pu ea Axy is p os a a Lancea ibe ica Galium pauci lo um Koenigia islandica Chenopodium oe idum Ve onica cilia a Po en illa bi u ca Saussu ea leioca pa As e laccidus subsp. glandulosus D aba spec. IK1 x x x x x x x x x x x x IK2 x x x x x x x x x x x IK3 x x x x x x x IK4 x x x x x x x x x IK5 x x x x x x x x IK_Res p_2 x x x x x x IK_NE E_2 x x x x x x x x x LiCOR O igi- nal1 x x x x x x x x x x LiCOR O igi- nal2 x x x x x L1 x x x x x x L2 x x x x x ? L3 x x x x x x L4 x x x x x x x L_Nee x x x x x x L_Resp x x x x x x x IK_NE E x x x x x x IK_Res p x x x x x x x x BS_NE E x x x x BS_Res p x x x x BS1 x x x x x x x x x BS2 x x x BS3 x x x x BS4 x x x x 53 Volumes in he se ies ‚Uni e si y o Bay eu h, Depa men o Mic ome eo ology, A bei se gebnisse N Au ho (s) Ti le Yea 01 Foken De Bay eu he Tu bulenzknech 01/1999 02 Foken Me hode zu Bes immung de ockenen Deposi ion on Bo 02/1999 03 Liu E o analysis o he modi ied Bowen a io me hod 02/1999 04 Foken e al. Nach os ge äh dung des ÖBG 03/1999 05 Hie eis Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es Dlouhá Louka 03/1999 06 Mangold Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es am S ando Weidenb unnen, Juli/Augus 1998 07/1999 07 Heinz e al. S uk u analyse de a mosphä ischen Tu bulenz mi els Wa ele -Ve ah en zu Bes immung on Aus auschp ozessen übe dem an a k ischen Schel eis 07/1999 08 Foken Compa ison o he sonic anomome e Young Model 81000 du ing VOITEX-99 10/1999 09 Foken e al. Lu hygienisch-bioklima ische Kennzeichnung des obe en Ege ales, Zwischenbe ich 1999 11/1999 10 Sodemann S a ionsda enbank zum BS MLU-P ojek Lu hygienisch-bioklima ische Kennzeichnung des obe en Ege ales 03/2000 11 Neune Dokumen a ion zu E s ellung de me eo ologischen Eingabeda en ü das Modell BEKLIMA 10/2000 12 Foken e al. Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es VOITEX-99 10/2000 13 B uckmeie e al. Documena ion o he expe imen EBEX-2000, July 20 o Augus 24, 2000 01/2001 14 Foken e al. Lu hygienisch-bioklima ische Kennzeichnung des obe en Ege ales 02/2001 15 Göckede Die Ve wendung des Foo p in -Modells nach Schmid (1997) zu s abili ä sabhängigen Be- s immung de Rauhigkei slänge 03/2001 16 Neune Be echnung de E apo a ion im ÖBG (Uni e si ä Bay eu h) mi dem SVAT-Modell BEKLIMA 05/2001 17 Sodemann Dokumen a ion de So wa e zu Bea bei ung de FINTUREX-Da en 08/2002 18 Göckede e al. Dokumen a ion des Expe imen s STINHO-1 08/2002 19 Göckede e al. Dokumen a ion des Expe imen s STINHO-2 12/2002 20 Göckede e al Cha ac e isa ion o a complex measu ing si e o lux measu emen s 12/2002 21 Liebe hal S ahlungsmessge ä e e gleich wäh end des Expe imen s STINHO-1 01/2003 22 Maude e al. Dokumen a ion des Expe imen s EVA_GRIPS 03/2003 23 Maude e al. Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es LITFASS-2003, Dokumen a ion des Expe imen es GRASATEM-2003 12/2003 24 Thomas e al. Documen a ion o he WALDATEM-2003 Expe imen 05/2004 25 Göckede e al. Quali ä sbegu ach ung komplexe mik ome eo ologische Messs a ionen im Rahmen des VERTIKO-P ojek s 11/2004 26 Maude & Foken Documen a ion and ins uc ion manual o he eddy co a iance so wa e package TK2 12/2004 27 He old e al. The OP-2 open pa h in a ed gas analyse o CO2and H2O 01/2005 28 Ruppe ATEM so wa e o a mosphe ic u bulen exchange measu emen s using eddy co a iance and elaxed eddy accumula ion sys ems and Bay eu h whole-ai REA sys em se up 04/2005 29 Foken (Ed.) Klima ologische und mik ome eo ologische Fo schungen im Rahmen des Bay eu he Ins i u- es ü Te es ische Ökosys em o schung (BITÖK), 1989-2004 06/2005 30 Siebeke & Se a imo ich Ul aschallanemome e -Übe p ü ung im Windkanal de TU D esden 2007 04/2007 31 Lüe s & Ba eiss The A c ic Tu bulence Expe imen 2006 PART 1: Technical documen a ion o he ARCTEX 2006 campaign, May, 2nd o May, 20 h 2006 07/2007 32 Lüe s & Ba eiss The A c ic Tu bulence Expe imen 2006 PART 2: Visualiza ion o nea su ace measu emen s du ing he ARCTEX 2006 campaign, May, 2nd o May, 20 h 2006 07/2007 33 Ba eiss & Lüe s The A c ic Tu bulence Expe imen 2006 PART 3: Ae ological measu emen s du ing he ARCTEX 2006 campaign, May, 2nd o May, 20 h 2006 07/2007 54 34 Me zge & Foken e al. COPS expe imen , Con ec i e and o og aphically induced p ecipi a ion s udy, 01 June 2007 – 31 Augus 2007, Documen a ion 09/2007 35 S aud & Foken Documen a ion o e e ence da a o he Expe imen al a eas o he Bay eu h Cen e o Ecolo- gy and En i onmen al Resea ch (BayCEER) a he Walds ein si e 11/2008 36 Se a imo ich e al. ExchanGE p ocesses in moun ainous Regions (EGER) – Documen a ion o he In ensi e Obse a ion Pe iod (IOP1), Sep embe , 6 h o Oc obe , 7 h 2007 01/2008 37 Se a imo ich e al. ExchanGE p ocesses in moun ainous Regions (EGER) – Documen a ion o he In ensi e Obse a ion Pe iod (IOP2), June, 1s o July, 15 h 2008 10/2008 38 Siebicke Foo p in syn hesis o he FLUXNET si e Walds ein/Weidenb unnen (DE-Bay) du ing he EGER expe imen . 12/2008 39 Lüe s & Foken Jah esbe ich 2008 zum Fö de p ojek 01879- Un e suchung de Ve ände ung de Konzen a- ion on Lu beimengungen und T eibhausgasen im hohen Fich elgebi ge 2007 - 2013 01/2009 40 Lüe s & Foken (Ed.) P oceedings o he In e na ional Con e ence o “A mosphe ic T anspo and Chemis y in Fo es Ecosys ems” Cas le o Thu nau, Ge many, Oc 5 o Oc 8, 2009 10/2009 41 Bie mann e al. Mesoscale ci cula ions and Ene gy and gaS exchange O e he Tibe an Pla eau Documen a ion o he Mic ome eo ological Expe imen , Nam Tso, Tibe 25 h o June – 08 h o Augus 2009 11/2009 42 Foken & Falke Documen a ion and Ins uc ion Manual o he K yp on Hyg ome e Calib a ion Ins umen 01/2010 43 Lüe s & Foken Jah esbe ich 2009 zum Fö de p ojek 01879 - Un e suchung de Ve ände ung de Konzen a- ion on Lu beimengungen und T eibhausgasen im hohen Fich elgebi ge 2007 – 2013 07/2010 44 Bie mann & Leipold (Ed.) Tibe Pla eau A mosphe e-Ecology-Glaciology Clus e Join Kob esia Ecosys em Expe imen : Documen a ion o he i s In ensi e Obse a ion Pe iod (IOP 1) summe 2010 in Kema, Tibe 01/2011 45 Zhao e al. Complex TERRain and ECOlogical He e ogenei y (TERRECO);WP 1-02: Spa ial assessmen o a mosphe e-ecosys em exchanges ia mic ome eo ological measu emen s, oo p in mode- ling and mesoscale simula ions ; Documen a ion o he Obse a ion Pe iod May 12 h o No . 8 h, 2010, Haean, Sou h Ko ea 03/2011 46 Maude & Foken Documen a ion and Ins uc ion Manual o he Eddy-Co a iance So wa e Package TK3 05/2011 47 Se a imo ich e al. ExchanGE p ocesses in moun ainous Regions (EGER)- Documen a ion o he In ensi e Obse a ion Pe iod (IOP3) June, 13 h o July, 26 h 2011 11/2011 48 Hübne e al. Documen a ion and Ins uc ion Manual o he Ho izon al Mobile Measu ing Sys em (HMMS) 12/2011 49 Lüe s e al. The A c ic Tu bulence Expe imen 2009 - addi ional lase Scin illome e measu emen campaign 2009 a he Bayel a ca chmen on S alba d: Technical documen a ion and isualiza ion o he nea su ace measu emen s du ing he ARCTEX-2009 campaign, Augus , 10 h o Augus , 20 h 2009 02/2012 50 Foken Klimawande weg au de Landesga enschau in Bambe g 2012 05/2012 51 Ruppe e al. Whole-ai elaxed eddy accumula ion o he measu emen o iso ope and ace-gas luxes 05/2012 52 Foken Jah esbe ich 2010-11 zum Fö de p ojek 01879 - Un e suchung de Ve ände ung de Konzen a ion on Lu beimengungen und T eibhausgasen im hohen Fich elgebi ge 2007 – 2013 12/2012 53 Ge ken e al. Documen a ion o he a mosphe ic Bounda y Laye expe imen , Nam Tso, Tibe , 8 h o July - 8 h Augus 2012 04/2013 54 Bie mann (Ed.) Tibe Pla eau A mosphe e-Ecology-Glaciology Clus e Join Kob esia Ecosys em Expe imen : Documen a ion o he 2nd In ensi e Obse a ion Pe iod (IOP 2) summe 2012 in KEMA, Tibe 05/2013