2 4 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases
Esz e Se mann
doi.o g/10.35321/ e m26-02
E alua ion Sys em o Online
Te minological Da abases
DÓRA MÁRIA TAMÁS
Hunga ian O ice o T ansla ion and A es a ion L d.,
Te mik Te minology Resea ch G oup a Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y
o he Re o med Chu ch o Hunga y
ESZTER SERMANN
Uni e si y o Szeged, Te mik Te minology Resea ch G oup
a Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y o he Re o med Chu ch o Hunga y
AbST AcT
This pape a emp s o c ea e an ex ensi e classi ica ion and e alua ion sys em
o o e objec i e iewpoin s o he comp ehension, desc ip ion, classi ica ion,
e alua ion and e iew o cen al online e mbases o la ge o ganisa ions. Such
a comp ehensi e classi ica ion al eady exis s o lexicog aphical gen es, i.e.
p in ed and online dic iona ies, bu i is s ill missing o online e mbases. The
esea ch is based on p e ious in e na ional and Hunga ian li e a u e, he s udy
o se e al online examples, o exis ing pa ial classi ica ions and ou p e ious
esea ch. The expe imen al ca ego isa ion wi h a schema ic e sion in he ap-
pendix o e s a con ibu ion o a deepe comp ehension, he possibili y o a
ho ough desc ip ion and mo e a en i e e alua ion, and ul ima ely, a g owing
awa eness o he use o online e mbases. P o iding a new insigh may also in-
spi e he de elopmen o hese bene icial ools which acili a e communica ion
in he ield o specialised languages.
Keywo ds: ansla ion ools, e minological da abase, e alua ion sys em, concep o ien a-
ion, da a ca ego ies.
AnOTAcijA
S aipsnyje siekiama pa eik i isapusišką klasi ika imo i e inimo sis emą, ku-
i bū ų objek y us pag indas siekian sup as i, ap ašy i, klasi ikuo i, e in i i
pe žiū ė i s a biausias didesnių o ganizacijų in e ne ines e minų bazes. Tokios
isapusiškos leksikog a inių žan ų, . y. spausdin ų i in e ne inių žodynų, klasi-
2 5Te minologija | 2019 | 26
ikacijos jau esama, ačiau in e ne inėms e minų bazėms aikomos klasi ikaci-
jos nė a. Ty imas g indžiamas Veng ijoje i ki ose šalyse paskelb a li e a ū a,
kelių in e ne inių pa yzdžių i dalinės klasi ikacijos analize, au o ių a lik ais y-
imais. Bandomasis ski s ymas į ka ego ijas aikan s aipsnio p iede pa eikiamą
schemą leidžia ge iau su ok i, išsamiau ap ašy i i a idžiau į e in i naudojimosi
in e ne inėmis e minų bazėmis ypa umus, pagaliau – su ok i naudojimosi o-
kiomis bazėmis s a bą. Naujos įž algos gali paska in i šias bend a imą speciali-
zuo ų kalbų s i yje leng inančias p iemones obulin i.
esminiai žodžiai: e imo p iemonės, e minų bazė, e inimo sis ema, o ien a imasis į
są oką, duomenų ka ego ijos.
inT ODUcTiOn
Today online e mbases ha e become e ec i e and almos indispensable
ools o accu a e p o essional communica ion and e m usage. The
e mbase is a gen e belonging o e minology as an applied linguis ics
discipline, and has unique ea u es ega ding i s s uc u e and con en .
“Te minologyˮ is used in h ee senses ( heo y, me hodology and collec-
ion o e ms), i s cen al ca ego y is he concep , and he e o e i has a
concep -o ien ed app oach (Bessé e al. 1997; Fó is 2005). This can be
seen in all h ee a eas o e minology: in heo e ical esea ch, in me hods
used o analyse e ms o concep ual compa isons, and o ganising da a
and e ms in e mbases (Tamás 2018).
Al hough e mbases ha e some common ea u es, hey ha e been c e-
a ed o di e en pu poses (e.g. language policy, company pu poses, o
as pa o he wo k o in e na ional o ganisa ions), hey con ain concep s
o di e en subjec ields (e.g. legal, economic, medical e c.) and a di -
e en le els o de ail, so i is easy o see ha hey p esen many di e -
ences. This is why i is no simple o c ea e a gene ally accep ed e alua-
ion sys em ha co e s all aspec s.
A e su eying he ele an li e a u e, his pape aims o o e a en a-
i e sys em o examining and e alua ing la ge online cen al da abases
acco ding o ela i ely objec i e and comp ehensi e c i e ia. The e alua-
ion c i e ia de eloped o p in ed and elec onic dic iona ies (Fó is, Rih-
me 2007; Gaál 2012) o med he basis o ou e alua ion sys em. Dic-
iona ies ha e a di e en app oach as o p inciples o compila ion and
use in e ace, he e o e new c i e ia o c i e ia illed wi h new con en
a e necessa y o s udying and e alua ing e mbases.
2 6 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases
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1. LITERATURE REVIEW
in ou p e ious s udies we ha e c ea ed a de ini ion o e minology
da abases, which p oposed ha a e mbase is a collec ion o elec oni-
cally s o ed e minology da a, c ea ed om an onomasiological app oach,
based on mapping he concep ual sys em o he subjec ield. i con ains
e ms and hei de ini ions o one o se e al subjec ields in one o
mo e languages (Se mann, Tamás 2010: 113). As we obse ed, in he
ele an in e na ional li e a u e he e ms e minological da abank and
da abase a e o en used as synonyms (e.g. Ha mann, James 1998), how-
e e in a ious s udies da abank is conside ed as a wide concep ha
includes da abases (e.g. Cab é 1998; Sage 1990). Based on ISO’s de i-
ni ion, i is a “da abase con aining e minological da a collec ion” (h -
ps:// bs.isolu ions.iso.o g/obp/ui#: e m:3.29). We ha e compa ed he
cha ac e is ics o e mbases and hose o elec onic dic iona ies (Se -
mann, Tamás 2010) and ha e concluded ha elec onic dic iona ies and
e mbases ha e some iden ical ea u es and also some di e ences, he
la e being summa ised in Table 1.
Table 1. Table summa ising he ea u es o online elec onic dic iona ies and e mbases
(Tamás 2014: 139; based on Se mann, Tamás 2013)
OnlinE ElEcT Onic
DicTiOnA y TE MbASE
semasiological p inciples onomasiological p inciples
cen al elemen : he wo d o linguis ic
sign
cen al elemen : he concep which is
designa ed by he e m and exp essed
in he de ini ion
lis s meanings ende s da a o he concep ( he de ini ion)
ex a in o ma ion:
e.g.: p onuncia ion (speake icon),
example sen ences aken om he
con ex dic iona y, conjuga ion
o e bs
ex a in o ma ion:
in o ma ion on he le el o equi alence
( ull, pa ial o lack o equi alence), and
on he equi alen p o ided ( e m, unc-
ional equi alen , e m candida e, s and-
a dised, ha monised, ecommended e c.)
The e alua ion c i e ia o p in ed dic iona ies (Fó is, Rihme 2007;
Fó is 2018) co e backg ound in o ma ion on he dic iona y, in o ma ion
2 7Te minologija | 2019 | 26
on he con en (mega-, mac o-, mic o- and mesos uc u e), con en ele-
men s (lexicological basics and linguis ic in o ma ion), and da a o dic-
iona y usage. The megas uc u e o a dic iona y e e s o he p esence
o lack o quali y o he on ma e ( o ewo d, con en s, ins uc ion)
and he sou ces used; he mac os uc u e is he o ganisa ion o lexical
en ies (e.g. alphabe ical o hema ic); he mic os uc u e is he inside
s uc u e o lexical en ies; and he mesos uc u e is he sys em o c oss-
e e ences.
The e alua ion c i e ia o elec onic dic iona ies (Gaál 2012) con ain
elemen s o ma ch he ea u es o he e e ence ool, and hese include
he echnical pa ame e s o he dic iona y, i s embeddedness, he ea u es
o he sea ch engine and he displaying o esul s.
Table 2. main e alua ion c i e ia o p in ed and elec onic dic iona ies
(Fó is, Rihme 2007; Fó is 2018; Gaál 2012)
P inTED DicTiOnA iES
(FóRIS, RIHmER 2007; FóRIS 2018)
ElEcT Onic DicTiOnA iES
(GAáL 2012)
backg ound in o ma ion backg ound in o ma ion
S uc u al in o ma ion on he con en :
mega-, mac o-, mic o- and mesos uc u e
S uc u al in o ma ion on con en :
mega-, mac o-, mic o- and mesos uc-
u e, no el ies: echnical pa ame e s,
embeddedness, p ice, ea u es o he
sea ch engine and esul s.
in o ma ion on he con en : phonology,
g amma and seman ics
in o ma ion on he con en : phonol-
ogy, g amma and seman ics, no el-
ies: audio iles
Da a on dic iona y use: usabili y, access,
inno a i e ea u es and wide social alue
Da a on dic iona y use: usabili y,
access, inno a i e ea u es and wide
alue – no el ies: use iendliness,
upda es and eliabili y
Some pape s (Tamás 2010, 2014; Se mann 2011; No ák 2018) desc ibed
speci ic e mbases, o he s c ea ed a ious classi ica ions and e alua ion
sys ems (Sage 1990; A n z e al. 2014; Tamás 2014; Schmi z, D ewe
2017), bu hese a e no sui able o comp ehensi e analysis in educa ion,
he aining o ansla o s o w i ing e iews. in his pape we use he
ollowing classi ica ion sys em o da abases (see Table 3):
2 8 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases
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Table 3. a en a i e classi ica ion o e mbases (based on Tamás 2014: 111)
TypE OF
TE MbASE
cOncEPT
O iEnTED
TE M
AUTOnOMy
nUMbE
OF DATA FIELDS
SiMPlE necessa ily appli-
cable (o wi h
some hyb id ea-
u es)
no necessa ily
applicable ( esem-
blings o a wo d
lis )
hei numbe does no
each he minimum
(e.g. only e m and
subjec ield)
T ADiTiOnAl necessa ily appli-
cable
applicable adi ional numbe o
da a ields p esen , a
de ini ion in a leas
one language
cOMPlEX
(some imes called
knowledge base o
e minology in-
o ma ion sys em
necessa ily appli-
cable
applicable adi ional numbe o
da a ields p esen , and
u he pieces o
knowledge (concep
maps, co po a)
Acco ding o he abo e classi ica ion e.g. he Te min (h ps://jogi- e -
minologia.im.go .hu/), he e mbase o he Minis y o jus ice o Hun-
ga y, belongs o he ca ego y o simple e mbases. i has en ies in ou
languages (Hunga ian, English, F ench, Ge man), in a simple, able o -
ma . i con ains in o ma ion on he domain and subdomain, wi h occa-
sional explana ions added ecen ly (including: sou ce, de ini ion, example
sen ences), bu does no ea u e any o he da a ield, and he en y does
no ma k a main e m (which would be impo an o e m au onomy)
only showing one e sion. In i s p esen o m, he UNTERm (Uni ed
na ions Mul ilingual Te minology Da abase, h p://un e mpo al.un.o g),
also belongs o his ca ego y. This in e ins i u ional da abase was made
public in 2014, and only o e s a limi ed amoun o in o ma ion on e ms.
EU OTE MbAnK, a da abase c ea ed on an EU ini ia i e o acili a e
he accession o new membe s a es om 2004, also had jus a ew da a
ca ego ies (e.g. e m ype, g amma ical pa o speech, collec ion, domain,
edi o s) (h ps://www.eu o e mbank.com/) and in i s new e sion con ains
collec ions o di e en domains. Ano he simple da abase is Euskal e m,
c ea ed by he Basque Cen e o Te minology and Lexicog aphy (UZEI)
(h p://www.euskadi.eus/euskal e m/). The Cen e me ged hei p e i-
ously published e minological dic iona ies o c ea e he da abase in 1987,
and in 2001 decla ed i o be he basque na ional e mbase. i s s uc u e

2 9Te minologija | 2019 | 26
esembles a wo d lis , some da a shee s lack a de ini ion, bu all o hem
show a domain, he sou ce o e minology da a and he yea o eco ding
he da a ( o de ails see Se mann 2013). The exis ence o hese e mbas-
es is o en gap- illing, o i al impo ance and g ea alue, especially o
mino languages.
The adi ional ype o e mbases include he bis o (No ák 2013; Tamás
2013), which is a e minology da abase ini ia ed by bolzano, an au ono-
mous coun y, and main ained by he EURAC Resea ch Cen e (h p://
www.eu ac.edu/en/ esea ch/au onomies/commul/Pages/de aul .aspx). The
da abase con ains legal and public adminis a ion e ms in I alian, Ge man
and Ladin (h p://bis osea ch.eu ac.edu/). The en ies a e de ailed, con-
ain se e al da a ca ego ies, p o ide a de ini ion in a leas one language,
and he esul s o a sea ch a e shown in such a way ha concep s a e
displayed sepa a ely. One o he oldes da abases is he Swiss Te mda
(www. e mda .ch), which was es ablished in 1987 and has simila ea u es
(No ák, Tamás 2013). The e mbase o he EU, IATE (h ps://ia e.eu opa.
eu/home) also belongs o his ca ego y, bu in his da abase de ini ions
can be subs i u ed by con ex s. The Se bian da abase p omo ing Se bia’s
accession o he EU, E onim (h p://p e odjenje.mei.go . s/e onim/
index.php?jezik=engl) also has mos ly ea u es o a adi ional e mbase.
The SApTe m (www.sap e m.com) has a use in e ace ha shows some
new ea u es oo, and also belongs he e (see Tamás 2015) (h p://www.
eu ac.edu/). ce ca e m, he e mbase o he ca alan cen e o e minol-
ogy (TERmCAT) can also be ega ded as a adi ional e minology da a-
base (h ps://www. e mca .ca /ca/ce ca e m). i s main language is ca alan,
and i shows equi alen s in Spanish, F ench, English and I alian. En ies
con ain he de ini ion o he concep , a e m in ca alan, i s g amma ical
ca ego y and some o he language equi alen s.
complex e mbases en ail concep maps and co po a as well. One ex-
ample is he Eohs e m knowledge base (www.eohs e m.o g) (Tamás 2010),
which con ains a concep map and he aligned ex s o he analysed laws
as well, bu has no been upda ed since i s c ea ion. WIpO pea l (h ps://
www.wipo.in ), he e mbase o he UN Wo ld In ellec ual p ope y O -
ganisa ion, is an excellen example o using a concep map. i con ains
da a in en languages, and e ms can be sea ched using he linguis ic
sea ch o he concep map sea ch. in addi ion, in case o a no ye wo ked
ou e m, one can ind he esul s o machine ansla ion wi h indica ion.
3 0 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases
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We ha e ied o analyse a wide ange o e mbases, al oge he 17
e mbases, hough i could be comple ed by ools a ailable in ce ain
a eas, like Russia o Asia ( o ins ance China).
i is impo an o bea in mind ha his e alua ion sys em conce ns he
use in e aces o la ge cen al online da abases, and does no en ail he
s udy o e mbanks c ea ed by e minologis s s. ansla o s, he indi id-
ual ile o e en he se e based e mbases, a desc ip ion o he s eps o
c ea e hese, he analysis he eo and he desc ip ion o complex e minol-
ogy managemen sys ems (A n z e al. 2014; Bowke 2015: 307; D ewe
e al. 2014; Schmi z, D ewe 2017). The abo e men ioned publica ions
ook he needs o e e yday use as hei s a ing poin and did no gene -
alise hei e alua ion c i e ia o mo e gene al esea ch pu poses.
2. EVALUATION SySTEm FOR ONLINE
TERmINOLOGICAL DATABASES
2.1. Backg ound in o ma ion on cen al e mbases
The s udy o he gene al backg ound o a da abase may s a ou om
a e iew o he e mbases o he gi en domain. P e ious e sions may
e eal he his o ical backg ound o he e mbase, and i i has a p edeces-
so ( o example as in he case o EURODICAUTOm and i s successo
IATE). This can be s udied om a ious aspec s. Fo example, Sage
(1990: 165–167) looks a echnological ad ancemen and dis inguishes
i s gene a ion e mbases (wo d o ien ed, designed o in e nal use, om
he 1970’s) and second gene a ion e mbases ( ha appea ed in he 1980’s,
when he echnological de elopmen enabled concep o ien a ion and
e m au onomy o ake place).
Ano he c i e ion would be i he e mbase has a connec ion wi h o h-
e e mbases: due o ins i u ional backg ound, da a could be ans e ed
wi hin he o ganisa ion, he e could be sub-cen es (see he in e -ins i u-
ional da abase o he EU, he IATE; Te mda , UNTERm).
A u he c i e ion o he s udy o he gene al backg ound could be he
classi ica ion o he da abase based on sub ields o e minology (language
policy, ansla ion and s anda disa ion). in some cases he da abase is c e-
a ed unde go e nmen al supe ision o ul il he pu poses o language
policy (such as bis o, Te mda , Te mium plus, Te mCa ). In o he cases
3 1Te minologija | 2019 | 26
he aim is he c ea ion o an e ec i e ansla ion ool (e.g. IATE), o he
e ms c ea ed du ing he s anda disa ion p ocess a e made public in he
e mbase (e.g. DINTe m; h ps://www.din.de). O en, da abases a e mul-
i-pu pose and hey se e a ious unc ions a he same ime.
When desc ibing he immedia e backg ound o he e mbase, we may
sc u inise he ea u es o he o ganisa ion ha p oduced he da abase: i s
ype, backg ound, na ional o in e na ional scope, domains and a ailable
unding. One c i e ion could be whe he he o ganisa ion ha c ea ed he
da abase is one o he ypical g oups ha usually c ea e e mbases (Tamás
2019a: 267):
– in e na ional o ganisa ions (UN – UNTERm, UN WIpO – Wipo pea l,
EU – IATE, Eu o e mbank);
– public adminis a i e bodies (Fede al Chancelle y o Swi ze land –
Te m da , Hunga ian minis y o Jus ice – Te min);
– esea ch ins i u es and uni e si ies (EURAC Resea ch – bis o);
– ansla ion agencies ( he Canadian T ansla ion Bu eau – Te mium plus).
The nex s ep could be o s udy he a ge audience o he da abase
(na i e speake s, speake s ha ing a majo i y o mino i y s a us, ansla o s
o expe s o a speci ic domain, e.g. enginee s, lawye s, doc o s e c.).
Fu he mo e, based on he in ended pu pose o he da abase, e mbases
may be dis inguished on he basis o hei desc ip i e ea u es o in o m-
a i e na u e and p esc ip i eness o no malising na u e (Tamás 2019b: 110).
2.2. Technical pa ame e s o a e mbase
Technical pa ame e s include hose ha a e accessible o iewe s, i.e.
he use in e ace, and do no include hose ha equi e knowledge abou
he in e nal s uc u e o he da abase o he backg ound o i s c ea ion,
unless hey a e published o he wise. being amilia wi h he in e nal s uc-
u e o he da abase, we can decide whe he he e mbase ul ils he hi-
e a chical h ee- old s uc u e equi ed by he e minological app oach
(en y le el – language le el – e m le el); o i i has a s uc u e o a
da abase ne wo k, a simple da abase o a ela ional da abase (Se mann,
Tamás 2010). We also need he backg ound in o ma ion o de e mine he
ex en o which he ull da a con en o he e mbase is accessible, o i
he da a is s o ed in one o mo e da a eposi o ies, and in wha way.
la ge cen al online da abases usually ha e hei own bespoke way o
displaying he con en . Howe e , he e may be hyb id solu ions, e.g. he
3 2 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases
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bis o e mbase o Sou h Ty ol, whe e he de ailed in o ma ion s o ed in
he SDl T ados Mul i e m so wa e may also be accessed behind he
use in e ace. S a ing om his yea , he Ve wal ungsglossa (h ps://
www.sp ach essou cen.a / e wal ungsglossa /), c ea ed in coope a ion wi h
he Uni e si y o Vienna and con aining 700 e ms can al eady be accessed
in Excel, TbX and pd o ma , in SDl T ados Mul i e m ile o ma and
h ough he online Quick Te m so wa e, and, wha is mo e, also in he
o m o an app. O he da abases allow use s o download some o hei
con en (see Download IATE: h ps://ia e.eu opa.eu/home). Da abases a e
becoming mo e mode n and echnologically sophis ica ed, and may allow
use s o access he da a using a ious de ices, o ins ance a sma phone
o able in he case o WIpO pea l (h ps://www.wipo.in / e e ence/en/
wipopea l/news/2019/news_0003.h ml).
2.3. In o ma ion on he con en o he e mbase
2.3.1. GENERAL FEATURES OF THE DATABASE
Fo he pu pose o s udying he gene al ea u es o e mbases, we ha e
g ouped hem ela ing o he applicabili y o he e minological app oach
and he s uc u e o da abases in o wo: one g oup o he mo e gene al,
main ea u es and one o he mo e de ailed and speci ic ones.
in he i s g oup we s a ed wi h analysing whe he he linguis ic
da a ha e been eco ded in he da abase keeping he concep -o ien ed
app oach in mind. in some cases we migh wi ness he semasiological
app oach (based on he wo d o linguis ic sign) being mixed wi h he
concep -o ien ed app oach, and as a consequence e m au onomy is no
ully obse ed o lexicog aphical ools a e added (see he wo d lis cha -
ac e is ics o EU OTE MbAnK o he addi ional lis o dic iona ies on
he websi e o he SAPTe m o Te mium Plus da abase o u he pu -
poses, bu no cons i u ing pa o he e mbase) (see also Se mann,
Tamás 2013; Tamás 2015). The Te mium plus e mbase does no o e
a sepa a e hi lis wi h he indica ion o domains as a s epping s one, bu
o e s a da a shee con aining eco d 1, eco d 2 and so on. based on
he abo e we can dis inguish be ween pu ely onomasiological e mbases
and e mbases ha ha e some kinds o semasiological ea u es as well in
hei make-up.
3 9Te minologija | 2019 | 26
in addi ion, hese ea u es a e closely ela ed o each o he , and o en
ha d o sepa a e (such as edi ing p inciples, documen a ion, eliabili y and
quali y). in line wi h he abo e we ha e encoun e ed wo kinds o di i-
cul ies: on he one hand, he common ea u es a e less ob ious han in
he case o dic iona ies, and on he o he hand some ea u es belong o
mo e han one c i e ion. The applica ion o he se o c i e ia o o-
cabula ies has e ealed he di e ences be ween he gen es o hese ans-
la ion ools o lexicog aphy and e minology and he main cha ac e is ics
o e mbases alike. None heless, he analysis can’ be conside ed as con-
cluded. Wi h a u he speci ica ion o e alua ion c i e ia, a possible de-
elopmen o a mo e e iden s uc u e on online su aces and he neces-
sa y e olu ion o e ime o e mbases, i will be possible o wo k ou a
mo e speci ic desc ip ion.
S ill, we belie e ha his e alua ion sys em can be use ul o ob aining
a mo e ho ough unde s anding and mo e conscious use o hese ools in
educa ion, when w i ing e iews and o ansla o s alike, as al eady e-
ealed in he case o ocabula ies. Applying his e alua ion sys em s ep-
by-s ep, he use migh disco e new unc ions o he ool. i also helps
use s o m and sha e an objec i e expe opinion o e mbases bo h o al-
ly and in he o m o e iews. As we ha e emphasised a he beginning
o he pape , his e alua ion sys em is mean o be en a i e. We hope
ha i s comp ehensi e na u e o ou analysis migh e en inspi e de elop-
e s. The gen e o e mbases i sel is closely linked o p ac ical equi e-
men s, howe e i also enables c ea i i y.
eFe enCes
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Kinga isz ele é e. K. Ká oly, á. Fó is (eds.), Budapes : ELTE Eö ös Kiadó, 101–115.
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T ansla ional Aspec s o Te minology S anda disa ion and Te minology Ha monisa ion]. Doc o al disse a ion
(manusc ip ), Budapes : ELTE.
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Te mbase?]. – Tá sadalmi ál ozások, nyel i ál ozások. A XXII. MANYE Kong esszus előadásai. Szeged
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4 1Te minologija | 2019 | 26
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Li ing in he Au onomous Coun y o Bolzano, and he Bis o Te minology p ojec ]. – Magya Te mi-
nológia 6(1), 41–60.
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aPPendiX
EVALUATION SySTEm FOR ONLINE
TERmINOLOGICAL DATABASES
I. Backg ound in o ma ion on cen al e mbases
A) GENERAL BACKGROUND
1. A su ey o he e mbases a he gi en domain:
– his o ical backg ound, da e o c ea ion, e olu ion, newly imple-
men ed o imp o ed e sion o a o me da abase;
– diach onic ( o me e sions) o synch onic desc ip ion;
– ela ionship wi h o he e mbases wi hin o ou side he o gani-
sa ion.
2. G ouping based on aim:
– language policy and e minology policy aims;
– ansla ion-o ien ed e mbase;
– s anda disa ion pu poses.
B) ImmEDIATE BACKGROUND
1. The cha ac e is ics o he o ganisa ion ha p oduced he e mbase:
– he backg ound o he o ganisa ion, whe he i has a na ional o
in e na ional scope, domain, unding and ype o o ganisa ion:
in e na ional o ganisa ion, public adminis a i e agency, esea ch
ins i u e, uni e si y, ansla ion agency.
2. Ta ge use s:
– na i e speake s, speake s ha ing a majo i y o mino i y s a us;
– ansla o s;
– expe s o a speci ic domain, e.g. enginee s, lawye s, doc o s e c.
4 3Te minologija | 2019 | 26
3. in ended pu pose:
– desc ip i eness;
– p esc ip i eness.
II. Technical pa ame e s o a e mbase
A) THE SOFTWARE
– bespoke;
– hyb id;
– comme cially a ailable.
B) ACCESSIBILITy OF THE TERmBASE
– open o es ic ed;
– downloading o da a allowed, suppo ed pla o ms (e.g. sma phone,
able ).
III. In o ma ion on he con en o he e mbase
A) GENERAL FEATURES OF THE DATABASE
1. concep o ien ed:
– pu ely onomasiological app oach;
– hyb id app oach, con aining semasiological elemen s as well.
2. Simple, adi ional o complex e mbases:
– numbe o s uc u al elemen s ( e mbase, concep map, co pus);
– le el o de ail in en ies: ype and numbe o da a ca ego ies.
B) DETAILED STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE
1. A he le el co esponding o megas uc u e:
– di ec ions o use and o he o ms o help: o um, cha se ice o
use s acing di icul ies;
– a ailabili y o copy igh ;
– in o ma ion on he numbe o concep s/en ies and e ms;
– numbe o languages: monolingual, bilingual, mul ilingual;
– numbe o domains and sub-domains.
2. A he le el co esponding o mac os uc u e:
– sea ch op ions: simple o ad anced o e ms, in he domain,
subdomain, o wo d agmen s; linguis ic sea ch only o con-
cep map sea ch as well; sea ch in aligned co pus; links gi ing
access o o he da a eposi o ies;
– display and o ganisa ion o sea ch esul s (hi lis o lack o );
– na u e o shown in o ma ion ( ex , image, mul imedia).
4 4 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases
Esz e Se mann
3. A he le el co esponding o mic os uc u e:
– numbe o da a ca ego ies and ex en o elabo a ion;
– ypes o da a ca ego ies and i s o ganisa ion:
– display o da a ca ego ies and cla i y o en ies: o de and la-
belling o da a ca ego ies;
– espec o p inciples o e minology da a modelling: beyond
being concep o ien ed is he e e m au onomy, he le el o
ealisa ion o a h ee-le el hie a chical s uc u e (en y le el –
index le el – e m le el, i anspa en h ough ex e nal de-
sc ip ions), da a elemen a i y and g anula i y;
– manda o y and op ional da a ields;
– da a ca ego ies as pe he wo k me hods: is he e a de ini ion
o no ; he numbe o language a ian s o he de ini ion;
wea he a de ini ion can be eplaced by a con ex ; de ini ion
is o one concep o is he e a con as i e pu pose (e.g. exis -
ence o he da a ca ego y o equi alence);
– choice o da a ca ego ies based on aims/sub ield o e minol-
ogy: s anda disa ion, ansla ion o language policy;
– choice o da a ca ego ies based on speci ic equi emen s o
he domain (e.g. illus a ions in an enginee ing e mbase).
4. A he le el co esponding o mesos uc u e:
– c oss e e ences (links wi hin he en ies, links among en ies);
– ex e nal links ( o o he websi es o eposi o ies);
– appea ance o links (can be opened, accessibili y, desc ip ion
o con en ).
IV. In o ma ion on he usage o he e mbase
A) USER FRIENDLINESS OF THE DATABASE
– unde s andabili y;
– use o abb e ia ions;
– isual elemen s;
– easy o sea ch.
b) UPDATES
– equency o upda es;
– gene al s a e o up- o-da eness (da es o eco ding).
C) RELIABILITy OF DATA
– documen a ion: sou ces and hei indica ion, in o ma ion on eli-
abili y in each en y and i s ma king; da e o eco ding o up- o-

4 5Te minologija | 2019 | 26
da eness; s a , icon, ex o indica e eliabili y o he alida ed
s a e; w i en sou ces, in e nal o ex e nal ne wo k o expe s; he
use o pe manen o one-o links;
– edi ing op ions and eliabili y: o ganisa ional wi h in e nal and/o
ex e nal expe s, coope a ion wi h o he o ganisa ions, possibili y
o indi idual submissions, c owd-sou ced and checked, esul s
om machine ansla ion wi h indica ion e c.
D) THE INNOVATIVE NATURE OF THE DATABASE
– con ains ex a elemen s: concep map, co pus;
– ex a in o ma ion: ideo u o ial, e-cou se;
– inno a i e display o lack he eo .
E) VALUE OF THE TERmBASE FOR SOCIETy AND ITS ImpORTANCE
FOR THE pROFESSION
– aspec s o language s a egy and e minology policy;
– scope and ype o expe s in e es ed;
– oppo uni ies o aining, e-cou se, wo kshop, o coope a ion
ag eemen s (e.g. wi h uni e si ies).
inTe neTinių Te minų bazių e Tinimo sisTema
San auka
S aipsnyje siekiama pa eik i isapusišką klasi ika imo i e inimo sis emą, ku i bū-
ų objek y us pag indas siekian sup as i, ap ašy i, klasi ikuo i, e in i i pe žiū ė i
s a biausias didesnių o ganizacijų in e ne ines e minų bazes. Tokios isapusiškos lek-
sikog a inių žan ų, . y. spausdin ų i in e ne inių žodynų, klasi ikacijos jau esama, a-
čiau in e ne inėms e minų bazėms aikomos klasi ikacijos nė a. Ty imas g indžiamas
Veng ijoje i ki ose šalyse paskelb a leksikog a ijos i e minologijos s ičių li e a ū a,
ISO s anda ais, kelių in e ne inių e minų bazių, dalinės klasi ikacijos analize, au o ių
a lik ais y imais.
Te minų bazėms aiky inų k i e ijų inkinys pa eng as a siž elgian į ke u ias s a -
biausias ka ego ijas: pag indinę in o maciją, echninius pa ame us, u inio in o maciją
i naudojimą. S aipsnyje aip pa pa eikiama schema, ku ią bū ų nesunku naudo i se-
mina ų a pamokų me u. pamažu aikydamas okį k i e ijų inkinį, a o ojas gali įgy i
is daugiau žinių a ne a as i naujų unkcijų.
p elimina ioji e inimo sis ema a skleidžia, kad aikan be eik ienodus e minolo-
ginius me odus ku iamos e minų bazės u i am ik ų ypa umų, nes į ai ių s ičių a -
o ojų po eikiai i keliami ikslai numa o ski ingus edaga imo p incipus. Be o, kai
ku ie ypa umai y a glaudžiai susiję i juos dažnai sunkoka a ski i (p z.: edaga imo
p incipai, dokumen acija, pa ikimumas, kokybė).
4 6 Dó a Má ia Tamás E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases
Esz e Se mann
Ekspe imen inis ski s ymas į ka ego ijas padeda ge iau su ok i, išsamiau ap ašy i
i a idžiau į e in i naudojimosi in e ne inėmis e minų bazėmis ypa umus, pagaliau –
su ok i, kaip s a bu kalbos specialis ams okiomis bazėmis naudo is. Tai ska in ų a -
o ojus susida y i apie e minų bazes objek y ią nuomonę i ja daly is žodžiu a aš u,
ašan apž alginius s aipsnius.
Gau a 2019-09-02
Dó a Má ia Tamás
Hunga ian O ice o T ansla ion and A es a ion l d
Hunga y, 1062 budapes , bajza u ca 52
Te mik Te minology Resea ch G oup a Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y
o he e o med chu ch o Hunga y
Hunga y, 1146 Budapes , Dózsa Gyö gy ú 25
E-mail: [email p o ec ed]; [email p o ec ed]
Esz e Se mann
Uni e si y o Szeged
Facul y o Humani ies and Social Sciences
Depa men o i alian S udies
Hunga y, 6722 Szeged, Egye em u. 2
Te mik Te minology Resea ch G oup a Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y
o he e o med chu ch o Hunga y
Hunga y, 1146 Budapes , Dózsa Gyö gy ú 25
E-mail esz e .se [email p o ec ed]