75Te minologija | 2024 | 31
doi.o g/10.35321/ e m31-04
Te minology Wo k, Te minology
Managemen , Te minog aphy – Po a o,
Pa a o o No Exac ly?
Te minologijos da bas, e minų a kyba
i e minog a ija – as pa s a ne isai?
IGOR KUDASHEV
Tampe e Uni e si y, Facul y o In o ma ion
Technology and Communica ion Sciences
ORCID id: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0001-8147-8150
ABSTRACT
This pape ocuses on he de ini ions o h ee b oad concep s o Te minology which
a e some imes conside ed iden ical, some imes pa ly o e lapping, and some imes
di e en – e minology wo k, e minology managemen , and e minog aphy. I use he
la es edi ions o ISO s anda ds on e minology wo k, e minology policies, and
e minology p oduc s, as well as he wo bigges manuals on e minology and e -
minology managemen as my esea ch ma e ial. The me hodology includes ex ual
analysis, concep analysis, and seman ic analysis. The e e en ial pa is ollowed by
an analy ical sec ion, a e which a se o p inciples is es ablished o ede ining he
concep s, and en a i e p oposals a e made on how hey may be ede ined.
KEYWORDS: e minology wo k, e minology managemen , e minog aphy, e minology
s udies, e minology science, de ini ion.
ANOTACIJA
Šiame s aipsnyje pag indinis dėmesys ski iamas ijų plačių e minologijos są o-
kų „ e minologijos da bas“, „ e minų a kyba“ i „ e minog a ija“, ku ios ka ais
laikomos iden iškomis, ka ais – iš dalies su ampančiomis, o ka ais – ski ingo-
mis, apib ėž ims. Kaip y imo medžiaga naudojami naujausi e minologijos da bo,
e minologijos poli ikos i e minologijos p oduk ų ISO s anda ų leidimai, aip
pa du didžiausi e minologijos i e minų a kybos ado ai. Me odika – eks o
analizė, są okų analizė i seman inė analizė. Po eo inės i anali inės dalių pa ei-
kiamas p incipų inkinys naujam są okų apib ėžimui i p elimina ūs pasiūlymai,
kaip są okas bū ų galima apib ėž i ki aip.
ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: e minologijos da bas, e minų a kyba, e minog a ija, e minologijos
y imai, e minologijos mokslas, apib ėž is.
Igo Kudashe 76 Te minology Wo k, Te minology Managemen ,
Te minog aphy – Po a o, Pa a o o No Exac ly?
1. INTRODUCTION
The b oades concep s a e known o be he mos di icul ones o de ine,
and ye i is impo an o de ine hem so ha hey do no become mis-
leading. In his pape , I ocus on he de ini ions o h ee b oad concep s
which a e some imes conside ed iden ical, some imes pa ly o e lapping,
and some imes di e en – e minology wo k, e minology managemen , and
e minog aphy. As de ini ions o specialized concep s a e ypically based
on o he speci ic concep s, I will also ha e o ouch upon he de ini ions
o se e al ela ed concep s, such as e minology science, e minology s udies,
e minology ac i i y, e minology e e ence esou ce, and e minology ool.
A good o e iew o he use and in e p e a ions o he e ms e minology
wo k, e minology managemen , and e minog aphy in he li e a u e on e -
minology can be ound, o example, in Ani a Nuopponen’s a icle (2018:
7–8). A he end o he o e iew, she makes he ollowing conclusion: “In
he e minological li e a u e, a ious ypes o e minology wo k a e de-
sc ibed qui e di e en ly. The e a e many synonymous e ms and cases o
polysemy” (Nuopponen 2018: 8). Howe e , he main ocus o Nuopponen’s
a icle is on he classi ica ion o a ious kinds o e minology wo k, so she
does no elabo a e on he in en ion o de ini ions o he h ee concep s any
u he . Nuopponen’s a icle was also based on he now ou da ed edi ions
o he ISO s anda ds.
In he upda ed o e iew o he s a e-o - he-a , my special ocus is
on he la es edi ions o he pi o al ISO s anda ds on e minology wo k,
namely “Te minology wo k and e minology science – Vocabula y” (ISO
1087:2019) and “Te minology wo k – P inciples and me hods” (ISO
704:2022). I will also s udy ela ed s anda ds, such as “Te minology wo k
in suppo o mul ilingual communica ion” (ISO 12616-1:2021), “Te mi-
nology policies – De elopmen and implemen a ion” (ISO 29383:2020),
and “Te minology p oduc s and se ices” (ISO 22128:2008). The second
impo an pa o my ma e ial is he wo bigges manuals o e minolo-
gy and e minology managemen – “Handbook o Te minology Manage-
men ” (HTM) and “Handbook o Te minology” (HOT).
A e he analysis o hese sou ces, I will poin ou he issues in he de i-
ni ions which I conside p oblema ic, explo e he concep s om he poin
o iew o hei essen ial and seconda y cha ac e is ics, es ablish a se o
p inciples aimed a clea e delimi a ion and de ini ion o hese concep s
77Te minologija | 2024 | 31
and he use o he co esponding e ms, and make a en a i e p oposal o
he ede ining o he concep s. The me hodology includes ex ual analysis,
concep analysis, and basic seman ic analysis.
2. DEFINITIONS OF TERMINOLOGY WORK,
TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT, TERMINOGRAPHY
AND RELATED CONCEPTS IN ISO STANDARDS
I is impossible o analyze all o he 80 s anda ds issued by he ISO Tech-
nical Commi ee 37 (“Language and Te minology”) wi hin he scope o
his a icle, bu his is also unnecessa y o wo easons. Fi s , no all o
hese s anda ds a e ele an when discussing he de ini ions o he selec -
ed concep s, and second, mos o hese s anda ds accep he de ini ions
om he pi o al s anda ds “Te minology wo k and e minology science –
Vocabula y” (ISO 1087:2019) and “Te minology wo k – P inciples and
me hods” (ISO 704:2022). I will s a by examining hese wo s anda ds.
2.1. De ini ions in he pi o al ISO s anda ds on e minology wo k
In he pi o al s anda d ISO 1087:2019 “Te minology wo k and e minol-
ogy science – Vocabula y”, e minology science is conside ed a synonym o
e minology s udies, and bo h a e de ined as “science s udying e minologies,
aspec s o e minology wo k, he esul ing e minology esou ces, and e mino-
logical da a” (ISO 1087:2019: 2). Te minology wo k, in i s u n, is conside ed
synonymous wi h e minology managemen , bo h being de ined as “wo k
conce ned wi h he sys ema ic collec ion, desc ip ion, p ocessing and p e-
sen a ion o concep s and hei designa ions”. A no e o he en y s a es
ha “ e minology wo k o en aims a c ea ing and main aining e minology
esou ces” (ISO 1087:2019: 13). Ano he no e says ha e minology wo k
o en aims a e minology planning and can in ol e concep ha moniza ion,
e m ha moniza ion, and e m o ma ion.
The e minology managemen sys em is de ined as a “so wa e ool wi h a
me ada a s uc u e speci ically designed o collec ing, main aining, and
accessing e minological da a”. Te minog aphy is de ined in his s anda d as
“ e minology wo k aimed a c ea ing and main aining e minology esou ces”
(ISO 1087:2019: 13).
As he abo e-men ioned de ini ions con ain e e ences o se e al o he
cen al concep s, hei de ini ions ha e o be looked up as well. Te minol-
ogy esou ce is conside ed a synonym o e minological da a collec ion and
Igo Kudashe 78 Te minology Wo k, Te minology Managemen ,
Te minog aphy – Po a o, Pa a o o No Exac ly?
is de ined as a “collec ion o e minological en ies” (ISO 1087:2019: 15).
Te minological en y is a “collec ion o e minological da a ela ed o only one
concep ” (ISO 1087:2019: 14). Te minological da a is “da a ela ed o concep s
and hei designa ions” (ISO 1087:2019: 14).
ISO 704:2022 “Te minology wo k – P inciples and me hods” in oduc-
es he concep o ad hoc e minology wo k in which he emphasis is on how
e minology is used in p ac ice (ISO 704:2022: 45). Ad hoc e minology wo k
is implici ly opposed o sys ema ic e minology wo k in which he emphasis
is on concep ela ions and concep sys ems. Use s a e edi ec ed o ISO
12616-1:2021 “Te minology wo k in suppo o mul ilingual communica-
ion” o mo e in o ma ion on he subjec . ISO 12616-1, indeed, s a es in
No e 3 o he de ini ion o e minology wo k ha e minology wo k can be
ca ied ou in a sys ema ic o ad hoc ashion (ISO 12616-1:2021: 3). The e
is also a able (see Table 1) ha jux aposes some o he c i ical di e ences
be ween sys ema ic and ad hoc e minology wo k (ISO 12616-1:2021: 3).
Table 1. The main di e ences be ween sys ema ic and ad hoc e minology wo k, acco ding o ISO 12616-1:2021
SYSTEMATIC AD HOC
Focus Classi ica ion o he concep s in
a subjec ield
Sol ing e minological p oblems
ha occu in speci ic si ua ions,
e.g. a ansla ion p ojec
Linguis ic le el Designa ions only Designa ions and o he ex ele-
men s
Main app oach Onomasiological Semasiological
S a ing poin One subjec ield One ex in a sou ce language
Resul Concep en ies ha a e mo e o
less connec ed in a la ge sys em
Indi idual en ies
In e es ingly enough, e minology managemen is no men ioned in ISO
704:2022 e en once, al hough i is supposed o be a synonym o e mi-
nology wo k, acco ding o ISO 1087:2019, and ISO 704:2022 is a newe
s anda d. Te minog aphy is men ioned only once – i is con ex ually de-
ined as “c ea ing and main aining e minology esou ces, p incipally in
p in and elec onic media” (ISO 704:2022: i). In ISO 12616-1:2021, he
e ms e minology wo k and e minology managemen (and, o some ex en ,
e minog aphy) a e used somewha in e changeably in he able o con en s
and he ex .
79Te minologija | 2024 | 31
2.2. De ini ions in he ISO s anda d on e minology policies
As ISO TC-37 s anda ds a e p oduced in se e al commi ees, and hei li e
cycle a ies, some ele an de ini ions emain unsynch onized wi h he
pi o al s anda ds a leas o some ime, which makes hem in e es ing and
aluable esea ch ma e ial.
Fo example, in he ISO 29383:2020 s anda d (“Te minology policies –
De elopmen and implemen a ion”), e minology wo k, e minology man-
agemen and e minog aphy a e de ined and commen ed on in a sligh ly
di e en manne han in he ISO s anda ds men ioned abo e. No e o
en y 3.14 s a es ha e minology wo k includes e m ex ac ion, concep
ha moniza ion, e m ha moniza ion and e minog aphy (ISO 29383:2020:
3), so e minog aphy is seen as a pa o e minology wo k a he han i s
kind. Te minology managemen , in u n, is no longe a synonym o e -
minology wo k bu is de ined as me hods o collec ing, main aining, and
accessing e minological da a (ISO 29383:2020: 3).
A he same ime, his ISO s anda d in oduces an in e es ing and
use ul jux aposi ion be ween e minology use s and e minology manag-
e s. Te minology use s include esou ce and documen a ion de elope s,
ansla o s, lawye s, ma ke ing s a and o he s; as s akeholde s o he
e minology planning ac i i ies, hey a e in e es ed mos ly in sea ch-
ing and using e ms and e minological da a (ISO 29383:2020: 15–16).
Te minology manage s a e e minologis s and in o ma ion p ocesso s who
a e esponsible o he de elopmen and main enance o da abases and o he
e minological esou ces; hey a e conce ned wi h he implemen a ion o
e minology policies in he o m o e minological esou ces, i s o all,
e minology da abases. This jux aposi ion may be use ul o disco e ing
addi ional meanings o hese e ms depending on he ype o e minology
ac i i ies and hus e ining he de ini ions o e minology wo k and e mi-
nology managemen .
2.3. De ini ions in ISO s anda d on e minology p oduc s and se ices
Speaking o a ious poin s o iew ha help o be e unde s and he e-
la ions be ween e minology wo k, e minology managemen and e minog-
aphy, i is use ul o ha e a look a he kinds o e minology p oduc s
and se ices ha a e p oduced as a esul o a ious kinds o e minolo-
gy ac i i ies. The ISO 22128:2008 s anda d “Te minology p oduc s and
se ices – O e iew and guidance” p o ides a de ailed classi ica ion o

Igo Kudashe 80 Te minology Wo k, Te minology Managemen ,
Te minog aphy – Po a o, Pa a o o No Exac ly?
such p oduc s and se ices. This s anda d was las e iewed and con i med
in 2020, he e o e he 2008 edi ion emains cu en .
In e es ingly enough, he e ms e minology wo k and e minology man-
agemen a e no men ioned a all in his s anda d, while he e a e 45 hi s
o a wildca d sea ch “ e minog aph*”. ISO 22128:2008 in oduces wo
cen al concep s: e minology p oduc and e minology se ice:
3.13 e minology p oduc
p oduc ha suppo s special language use o he ield o e minology
NOTE P oduc s ha suppo special language use e e o dic iona ies, da abas-
es, and o he p oduc s o he dissemina ion o specialized e minology while
p oduc s ha suppo he ield o e minology e e o jou nals, aining manu-
als, ools, e c.
3.14 e minology se ice
se ice ha in ol es he p oduc ion and/o dissemina ion o e minology o
e minog aphical p oduc s o suppo s educa ion in he ield o e minology
(ISO 22128:2008: 3).
Te minology p oduc s all in o ou ca ego ies, acco ding o his s anda d:
– e minog aphical p oduc s;
– e minology documen s;
– educa ional p oduc s;
– e minology ools (ISO 22128:2008: 3).
Te minog aphical p oduc is de ined as “ e minology p oduc consis ing
o a se o designa ions and e minological and/o linguis ic in o ma ion o
suppo special language use” (ISO 22128:2008: 2). Acco ding o he s an-
da d, his ca ego y ep esen s he la ges se o p oduc s and o ms he co e
o he e minology p oduc s p oduced by e minologis s. This ca ego y
includes, o example, p in ed and elec onic e minologies, e minology
da abases, sys ema ic e minologies o in o ma ion managemen , e mi-
nology lis s, e c. (ISO 22128:2008: 4).
As a as we can see, he de ini ion o e minog aphical p oduc s implies
ha hey a e dic iona y-s yle e e ence p oduc s wi h he “le -hand side”
(a lis o e minological designa ions) and he “ igh -hand side”, i.e. some
e minological and/o linguis ic in o ma ion ela ed o hem. Sys ema ic
e minologies and e minological da abases a e seen as only one possible
ype among o he s (al hough he lis o e minog aphical p oduc s in ISO
22128:2008 is based on se e al bases o di ision, so he ypes o e mi-
nog aphical p oduc s do no exclude each o he ). The main cha ac e is ic
81Te minologija | 2024 | 31
o sys ema ic e minologies, acco ding o he s anda d, is ha hey a e
collec ions o e minological en ies a anged sys ema ically acco ding o
classes o in concep sys ems (ISO 22128:2008: 8). Sys ema ic e minolo-
gies include a ious ypes o p oduc s, such as nomencla u es, axonomies,
hesau i, and on ologies (ISO 22128:2008: 8).
Ano he ca ego y o e minology p oduc s, e minology documen s, in-
clude any documen s ha deal wi h e minology issues and ques ions.
Te minolog aphical en ies do no cons i u e he bulk o he documen ’s
con en , al hough i may include embedded e minologies. This ca ego y
o e minology p oduc s includes e minology jou nals, e minology bib-
liog aphies o ca alogues, p esc ip i e e minology documen s, and e mi-
nology policy documen s (ISO 22128:2008: 11).
Educa ional p oduc s include any p oduc de eloped o eaching in
a o mal educa ional ins i u ion o o less o mal aining in he con ex
o p o essional de elopmen . This ca ego y includes any p oduc o any
documen used o “ each e minology, ain e minologis s o ad ance he
p o ession o e minology” (ISO 22128:2008: 12). Acco ding o he s an-
da d, his ca ego y o p oduc s includes, o example, e minology manu-
als, e minology cou ses, e minology semina s, and e minology u o ials.
The las g oup o e minology p oduc s, acco ding o he ISO 22128:2008
s anda d, includes e minology ools – compu e applica ions ha assis e -
minologis s in he p oduc ion and deli e y o e minology p oduc s and
se ices. A deli e able can be de eloped as a single ool, in combina ion
wi h o he ools in an in eg a ed sys em o adap ed and cus omized om
exis ing applica ions. This ca ego y includes: e minology managemen
sys ems, ools o e minology ex ac ion, look-up, compa ison, publish-
ing, anno a ion, con e sion, indexing, submission, eplacemen , checking,
and aligning, as well as e minology s a is ical ools, e minology wo k low
ools, e minology ools o localiza ion, and conco dance ools o e mi-
nology (ISO 22128:2008: 13). As we can see, he ange o e minology
ools is qui e wide and no limi ed only o e minology da abases and e -
minology managemen sys ems.
Te minology se ices, in u n, all in o he ollowing ca ego ies: e -
minology consul ing se ices, e minology managemen se ices, se ices
o he p epa a ion and deli e y o e minog aphical esou ces, ool de el-
opmen se ices, e e ence and in o ma ion se ices, educa ional se ices,
and ce i ica ion se ices (ISO 22128:2008: 16).
Igo Kudashe 82 Te minology Wo k, Te minology Managemen ,
Te minog aphy – Po a o, Pa a o o No Exac ly?
The conclusion we can make a e examining he ISO 22128:2008 s an-
da d is ha e minology wo k/managemen , as de ined in ISO 1087:2019,
may be associa ed only wi h a small pa o he whole gamu o e minol-
ogy p oduc s and se ices. A g oup o publica ions which is missing om
he ISO 22128:2008 s anda d a e academic publica ions on e minology,
such as heses, monog aphs, and con e ence p oceedings. They belong
somewhe e in be ween e minology documen s and educa ional p oduc s.
Ano he possibili y is o conside hem e minological “me ap oduc s”,
which a e no p oduc s o se ices pe se bu p omo e e minology sci-
ence and e minology ac i i ies in gene al. A clea added alue o he
ISO 22128:2008 s anda d is also he concep o a e minog aphical p oduc ,
he de ini ion o which is e y close o ha o a e minological e e ence
esou ce.
3. DEFINITIONS IN MANUALS ON TERMINOLOGY
AND TERMINOLOGY MANAGEMENT
In his sec ion, I will examine explici and con ex ual de ini ions o he
concep s o in e es in he wo bigges handbooks on e minology and
e minology managemen published by he John Benjamins Publishing
Company: he “Handbook o Te minology Managemen ” and he “Hand-
book o Te minology”. Bo h manuals a e collec ions o a icles on a i-
ous aspec s o e minology wo k and e minology managemen w i en by
p ominen esea che s and expe s in e minology.
3.1. De ini ions in he “Handbook o Te minology Managemen ” (1997)
The edi o s o he “Handbook o Te minology Managemen ” (HTM) men-
ion se e al easons o ha ing selec ed he e m e minology managemen
o e he e ms e minology wo k and e minog aphy. Fi s , hey conside i o
be he only candida e e m ha ully encompasses he wide ange o e mi-
nology ac i i ies co e ed by he Handbook. Second, he e ms e minog a-
phy and e minology wo k a e, in hei opinion, oo na ow o lack uni e sal
accep ance, pa icula ly among na i e and habi ual speake s o English.
Thi d, e minology managemen cons i u es a pa allel concep o in o ma ion
managemen . The Handbook also men ions da a elemen s (disc e e, iden-
i iable, e ie able pieces o da a) as he cen al elemen o e minology
managemen (HTM: 2).
83Te minologija | 2024 | 31
Fo he Handbook, e minology managemen is de ined e y b oadly
as “any delibe a e manipula ion o e minological in o ma ion” (HTM: 1).
Acco ding o he Handbook, his e y gene al concep co e s:
• p ac ical e minology managemen as i has been ca ied ou by domain special-
is s in o de o ill hei need o p ecise and unambiguous language in he o m
o bo h he concep s hey c ea e and wi h which hey hink, as well as he co e-
sponding e ms hey use o communica e wi h each o he ;
• he sys ema ic eco ding o such in o ma ion and i s p esen a ion as dic iona ies,
e minology collec ions, and e minology da abases; and
• he ad hoc e ie al o such in o ma ion o he pu poses o ansla ion and in-
e p e ing, o ex p oduc ion as a unc ion o echnical communica ion, and
o in o ma ion managemen (HTM: 2).
3.2. De ini ions in he “Handbook o Te minology” (2015)
A mo e ecen “Handbook o Te minology” (HOT) add esses a wide ange
o opics ela ed o e minology. Al hough he wo d “managemen ” is no
included in he i le o he book, i is pa en he ically men ioned in he
anno a ion on he on page: “The Handbook o Te minology <…> aims
a dissemina ing knowledge abou e minology (managemen ) and a p o-
iding easy access o a la ge ange o opics, adi ions, bes p ac ices, and
me hods <...>”. The wo d combina ion e minology managemen occu s 290
imes in he Handbook, while he sea ch o e minology wo k yields 192
hi s, and e minog aphy 32. These esul s a e only indica i e, as some o he
hi s a e de i ed om he e e ences, keywo ds, heade s, index wo ds, and
pa s o longe e ms, such as e minology managemen sys em o e minology
managemen p ojec .
Unlike he compile s o “ he HTM”, he edi o s o “ he HOT” do no
p o ide explici , s ic de ini ions o e minology wo k, e minology manage-
men , o e minog aphy in he p e ace. The au ho s o wo a icles (S eu s, De
Wach e & De Malsche 2015: 222; Ka sch 2015: 291–292) accep he de i-
ni ion o e minology wo k om he ISO 1087 s anda d: “wo k conce ned
wi h he sys ema ic collec ion, desc ip ion, p ocessing and p esen a ion o
concep s and hei designa ions”. The e is also a de ini ion-like explana ion
o wha “managemen o e minology” is: “Managemen o e minology
(as an elemen o knowledge managemen ) is pa o he e minology wo k,
which deals wi h he cap u ing, p ocessing, upda ing and p epa a ion o
e minological da a” (S eu s, De Wach e & De Malsche 2015: 224).
Igo Kudashe 90 Te minology Wo k, Te minology Managemen ,
Te minog aphy – Po a o, Pa a o o No Exac ly?
Te minological desc ip ion is in o ma ion abou he o m, meaning, o i-
gin, ela ions and usage o LSP designa ions. In e minology e e ence e-
sou ces, e minological desc ip ions p o ide in o ma ion ha is supposed
o help use s unde s and, use o eplace LSP designa ions in ex e nal con-
ex s (c . Kudashe 2013: 14). This cha ac e is ic helps o di e en ia e e -
minology e e ence esou ces om simila ypes o wo ks like encyclope-
dias and handbooks.
LSP designa ions include no only p o o ypical e ms bu also o he
lexical and lexicalized uni s used in LSPs, such as nomencla u e, appel-
la ions, p o essional slang, se ph ases, and e m elemen s (see Kudashe
2013: 48–64 o a discussion on wha can be an objec o desc ip ion, o
example, in a e m bank).
9. Wo k and managemen a e p ocesses ha equi e some deg ee o ex-
pe ise and skill. In he con ex o e minology wo k/managemen , his
can be in e p e ed as “based on a heo y”. Bes p ac ices and widely ac-
cep ed me hodologies may also help, bu domains, languages, goals, e c.
di e , so one has o know wha hey a e doing and no jus copy someone
else’s expe ience o ely on a single “uni e sal” guide.
10. The use o he e m e minology managemen in ex s seems o e e
o a leas wo di e en concep s: a b oade and mo e abs ac (= a kind
o e minology ac i i y, c . e minology managemen s a egy), and a mo e
es ic ed and echnical one (= compu e -assis ed p ocessing o e minol-
ogy da a, c . e minology managemen sys em). Te minology managemen (I)
is usually conduc ed o he needs o a pa icula p ojec o clien , unlike
e minology wo k which is usually conduc ed on a domain o subdomain
le el. Te minology managemen (II) seems o always ela e o p ocesses
and ope a ions pe o med wi h he help o compu e applica ions ( e mi-
nology ools) and is highly dependen on me ada a which is o pa amoun
impo ance o quali y assu ance (c . Kudashe 2013: 15). Besides, a hi d
meaning o e minology managemen is eme ging (o should eme ge): a ield
o knowledge s udying he managemen o e minological da a wi h he
help o e minology ools.
8. CONCLUSION
In his a icle, I ha e examined h ee cen al concep s and e ms o Te mi-
nology: e minology wo k, e minology managemen , and e minog aphy, as well
as se e al ela ed concep s. A e he analysis o hei in e p e a ions in he

91Te minologija | 2024 | 31
ISO s anda ds and wo bigges handbooks o e minology (managemen ),
I ha e poin ed ou se e al issues in he de ini ions which I conside p ob-
lema ic and o mula ed a se o p inciples aimed a clea e delimi a ion and
de ini ion o he cen al concep s and he use o he co esponding e ms.
Based on hese p inciples, I would like o p esen a en a i e p oposal e-
ga ding he de ini ions o he concep s, as well as wo concep cha s, which
can be ound in he Appendix. I should be no ed ha de ining such b oad
and complex concep s equi es ho ough conside a ion om mul iple pe -
spec i es. My goal is no o ejec he exis ing de ini ions and eplace hem
wi h new ones bu a he o ini ia e a discussion on he subjec wi hin he
e minological communi y. I hope ha his esea ch and he se o p inciples
es ablished abo e will con ibu e o imp o ing he de ini ions and unde -
s anding o hese h ee majo concep s and b anches o e minology ac i i y.
REFERENCES
Be genhol z Henning, Kau mann Uwe 1997: Te minog aphy and Lexicog aphy. A c i ical su ey o
dic iona ies om a single specialised ield. – He mes, Jou nal o Linguis ics 18, 91–125.
Bu khano Igo 1998: Lexicog aphy: A Dic iona y o Basic Te minology, Rzeszów: Wydawnic wo Wyzszej
Zskoły Pedagogicznej.
Cab é Cas ell í M. Te esa 1999: Te minology: Theo y, Me hods and Applica ions 1, ansla ed by Jane Ann
DeCesa is, edi ed by Juan C. Sage , Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Fabe Pamela 2015: F ames as a F amewo k o Te minology. – Handbook o Te minology 1, Kockae
Hend ik J., S eu s, F ieda (eds.), Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 14–33.
Fue es-Oli e a Ped o, Ta p S en 2014: Theo y and P ac ice o Specialised Online Dic iona ies. Lexicog aphy
e sus Te minog aphy, Be lin: De G uy e .
Ha mann Reinha d, G ego y James 1998: Dic iona y o Lexicog aphy, London, New Yo k: Rou ledge.
HOT 2015 – Handbook o Te minology 1, Kockae Hend ik J., S eu s, F ieda (eds.), Ams e dam/
Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
HTM 1997 – Handbook o Te minology Managemen 1. Basic Aspec s o Te minology Managemen ,
compiled by Sue Ellen W igh and Ge ha d Budin, Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
ISO 704:2022 Te minology wo k – P inciples and me hods, Gene a: ISO.
ISO 1087:2019 Te minology wo k and e minology science – Vocabula y, Gene a: ISO.
ISO 12616-1:2021 Te minology wo k in suppo o mul ilingual communica ion, Gene a: ISO.
ISO 22128:2008 Te minology p oduc s and se ices, Gene a: ISO.
ISO 29383:2020 Te minology policies – De elopmen and implemen a ion, Gene a: ISO.
Kageu a Kyo 2015: Te minology and Lexicog aphy. – Handbook o Te minology 1, Kockae Hend ik J.,
S eu s, F ieda (eds.), Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 45–59.
Ka sch Ba ba a Inge 2015: Te minology Wo k and C owdsou cing: Coming o e ms wi h he c owd. –
Handbook o Te minology 1, Kockae Hend ik J., S eu s, F ieda (eds.), Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John
Benjamins, 291–303.
Kudashe Igo 2007: P oek i o anie pe e odčeskih slo a ej specialʹnoj leksiki, Helsinki: Yliopis opaino.
Kudashe Igo 2013: Quali y Assu ance in Te minology Managemen : Recommenda ions om he Te mFac o y
p ojec , Helsinki: Unig a ia.
Kudashe Igo 2020: Sähköise yökalu au a a pa an amaan e minologisen iedon saa u e a uu a. –
Hi onen Maija, Kinnunen Tuija (eds.). Saa u e a a ies in ä. Yh eiskunnallis a yhden e aisuu a
edis ämässä, Helsinki: Gaudeamus, 199–211.
Igo Kudashe 92 Te minology Wo k, Te minology Managemen ,
Te minog aphy – Po a o, Pa a o o No Exac ly?
Madsen Bodil Nis up, Thomsen Hanne E dman 2015: Concep Modeling s. Da a Modeling in P ac ice. –
Handbook o Te minology 1, Kockae Hend ik J., S eu s, F ieda (eds.), Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John
Benjamins, 222–249.
Myking Johan 2007: Dicho omies: impossible and indispensable? – E idence-based LSP: T ansla ion, ex
and e minology, Ahmad Khu shid, Roge s Ma ga e (eds.), Be n: Lang, 265–283.
MW – Me iam-Webs e . A ailable a : h ps://www.me iam-webs e .com.
Nuopponen Ani a 2018: Dimensions o Te minology Wo k. – Te minologija 25, 6–22.
Sanas o yön käsiki ja 1989: Sanas o yön käsiki ja. So el a an e minologian pe iaa ee ja yömene elmä ,
oimi anu Tekniikan sanas okeskus, Helsinki: Suomen S anda disoimislii o.
S eu s F ieda, De Wach e Ken & De Malsche E y 2015: Te minology Tools. – Handbook o Te minology 1,
Kockae Hend ik J., S eu s, F ieda (eds.), Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 222–249.
Wa bu on Ka a 2015: Managing Te minology in Comme cial En i onmen s. – Handbook o Te minology 1,
Kockae Hend ik J., S eu s, F ieda (eds.), Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 360–392.
APPENDIX
REDEFINED CONCEPTS AND RELATED CONCEPT CHARTS
e minology science
science s udying he o igin, de elopmen , unc ioning, desc ip ion and
documen a ion o LSP designa ions and special domain concep s
e minology ac i i y
ac i i y wi h he p ima y ocus on LSP designa ions and special domain
concep s o sys ems o concep s
e minology s udy
e minology ac i i y aimed a s udying LSP designa ions and special domain
concep s o sys ems o concep s
NOTE: e minology s udies may be conduc ed o heo e ical o p ac-
ical needs.
e minology wo k
sys ema ic and heo y-based e minology ac i i y aimed a imp o ing LSP
communica ion on he domain o subdomain le el by collec ing and
analyzing LSP designa ions and special domain concep s, p o iding
hem wi h e minological desc ip ions, and p esen ing he esul s in he
o m o e minology p oduc s o se ices
e minology managemen I ( e minology ac i i y)
e minology ac i i y conduc ed o he needs o a pa icula p ojec o clien ,
aimed a collec ing, ( e)a anging, quick accessing, e ec i e use and
upda ing o LSP designa ions and hei e minological desc ip ions
NOTE: e minology managemen is usually conduc ed wi h he help o
e minology ools, especially e minology managemen sys ems
93Te minologija | 2024 | 31
e minology inqui y
e minology ac i i y aimed a he explo a ion and analysis o indi idual LSP
designa ions and special domain concep s o sol ing a pa icula ask
ela ed o LSP communica ion
NOTE: e minology inqui ies may be conduc ed o heo e ical o p ac i-
cal needs.
Figu e 1. Types o e minology ac i i ies by hei p ima y ocus
LSP designa ion
lexical o lexicalized objec in languages o special pu poses
NOTE: In addi ion o e ms, LSP designa ions also include p ope
names, p o essional slang, nomencla u e, se ph ases, and o he lexi-
cal(ized) LSP objec s.
e minological desc ip ion
in o ma ion abou he o igin, de elopmen , o m, meaning, ela ions and us-
age o LSP designa ions as well as special domain concep s ela ed o hem
NOTE: In e minological e e ence esou ces, e minological desc ip-
ions p o ide in o ma ion ha is supposed o help use s unde s and, use
o eplace LSP designa ions in ex e nal con ex s
e minology e e ence esou ce
e minology p oduc , he co e o which cons i u es a collec ion o en ies
consis ing o LSP designa ions and hei e minological desc ip ions, o ga-
nized in a way mean o speed up hei e ie al
Igo Kudashe 94 Te minology Wo k, Te minology Managemen ,
Te minog aphy – Po a o, Pa a o o No Exac ly?
NOTE 1: In addi ion o e minological en ies, e minology e e ence
esou ces may also con ain ou side ma e (p e ace, use manual, ap-
pendices, e c.). An elec onic e minology e e ence esou ce may also
con ain me ada a equi ed o i s managemen .
NOTE 2: Te minology en ies may be o ganized in mul iple ways, de-
pending on he pu poses o he e minology e e ence esou ce and he
philosophy o i s compile s.
e minology ool
compu e applica ion in ended o assis in mining, e ining, e ie ing,
and pe o ming o he ansac ions on e minological da a, as well as
planning, p oducing, managing, using, and de eloping e minology
p oduc s and se ices
e minology managemen sys em
e minology ool wi h a me ada a s uc u e speci ically designed o c ea -
ing, main aining, and using e minology e e ence esou ces
NOTE: The e minology managemen sys em may inco po a e o he
e minology ools, oo, bu i s p ima y goal is he managemen o e -
minology e e ence esou ces.
Figu e 2. Te minology e e ence esou ces, e minog aphy, and e minology managemen
95Te minologija | 2024 | 31
e minog aphy I ( ield o knowledge)
ield o knowledge s udying he his o y, de elopmen , design, compila ion,
use, main enance, and e alua ion o e minology e e ence esou ces
NOTE: Te minog aphy (I) is an in e disciplina y ield o knowledge
ha has i s oo s in e minology science, lexicog aphy, in o ma ion sci-
ence, knowledge managemen , compu e science, and compu a ional
linguis ics.
e minog aphy II ( e minology ac i i y)
e minology ac i i y ela ed o design, compila ion, and main enance o e -
minology e e ence esou ces
e minology managemen II (da a managemen )
managemen o e minological da a wi h he help o e minology ools
e minology managemen III ( ield o knowledge)
ield o knowledge s udying he managemen o e minological da a wi h
he help o e minology ools
NOTE: Te minology managemen (III) includes planning, o ganiza-
ion, implemen a ion and main enance o e minology ools as well as
he me hodology and wo k lows o compu e -assis ed managemen o
e minological da a.
TERMINOLOGIJOS DARBAS, TERMINŲ TVARKYBA
IR TERMINOGRAFIJA– TAS PATS AR NE VISAI?
San auka
Šiame da be daugiausia dėmesio ski iame e minų e minologijos da bas, e minų a ky-
ba i e minog a ija, ku ie ka ais laikomi sinonimiškais, apib ėž ims. Kaip y imo
medžiagą naudojame e minologijos da bo, e minologijos poli ikos i e minologijos
p oduk ų ISO s anda us, aip pa du didžiausius e minologijos i e minų a kybos
ado us. Mūsų me odika apima eks o analizę, są okų analizę i p adinę seman inę
analizę. Po eo inės i anali inės dalių pa eikiamas p incipų inkinys naujam są okų
apib ėžimui i p elimina ūs pasiūlymai, kaip są okas bū ų galima apib ėž i ki aip.
Išsiaiškinome, kad minė osios są okos ne isada aiškiai i g iež ai apib ėžiamos
s anda uose i ado uose. Jų apib ėž ys aip pa labai ski iasi, ne i s anda uose. Kai
ku ios apib ėž ys y a pe plačios, ačiau dažniau jos ikslingai susiau inamos o neak-
cen uojan . Didelė p oblema, kad ado ai y a s aipsnių inkiniai, pa ašy i į ai iais
požiū iais, i , odos, kad nė a nuoseklios bend os e minų a kybos eo ijos.
Siūlome a ski i e minus e minologijos mokslas, e minologijos y imai i e minijos
analizė. Te minologijos da bas u ė ų bū i ski as sis eminei i eo ija pag įs ai e mino-
logijos eiklai, ku ia siekiama page in i dalykinę komunikaciją s i ies a pos ičio lygiu,

Igo Kudashe 96 Te minology Wo k, Te minology Managemen ,
Te minog aphy – Po a o, Pa a o o No Exac ly?
pa adin i. Te minas e minų a kyba pla esne p asme eiškia e minologijos eiklą,
ykdomą konk e aus p ojek o eikmėms a klien o po eikiams enkin i. Specialesne
p asme jis eiškia e minologinių duomenų a kymą naudojan e minologinius į an-
kius. Be o, a si anda i ečioji e mino e minų a kyba eikšmė: žinių s i is, i ian i
e minologinių duomenų a kymą e minologiniais į ankiais. Nedidelės apim ies
e minologijos eikla, a liekama sp endžian konk ečią e minologinę p oblemą, ik-
iausiai u ė ų bū i adinama e minijos analize (o ne ad hoc e minologijos da bu). Te mi-
nog a ija y a i a pdalykinė žinių s i is, i e minologijos eikla, apiman i e minijos
iš eklių (i ik jų) p ojek a imą, suda ymą i p iežiū ą.
Gau a 2024-05-03
Igo Kudashe
Tampe e Uni e si y, Facul y o In o ma ion
Technology and Communica ion Sciences
Kansle in inne 1, FI-33014 Tampe een yliopis o
Tampe e, Finland
E-mail igo .kudashe @ uni. i