LIETUVIY
KALBOTYROS
KLAUSIMAI
XXXVII
(1997)
LEKSIKOGRAFIJOS
IR
LEKSIKOLOGIJOS
PROBLEMOS
Ana onuii
HETIOKYIMHbIM
K
TPOBJIEME
JEPMBATOB
B
ACTOPHUECKHX
U
STUMOJOPM4YECKUX
CJIOBAPAX
BAJITHMCKUX
U
CJIABAHCKUX
A3bBIKOB
0.1.
OcHoBHOM
Tpyx
IMTOBCKON
WekcuKo paun
XX
c oweTuA
—
MHOTOTOMHBIi
“CylOBapb
JMTOBCKOTO
A3bIKa”
ABIAeTCA
CBOeCOOpasHBIM
MepeKPECTKOM
MHOXECTBA
my eli
He
TONbKO
B
@WIONOTHM,
HO
M
WIMpe
—
B
McTOpuM
uM
KynbType
JIuTBEI
B
o6ujeepponelickom
kon exc e.
Ilo
sToli
mpHuMHe
BPA
1M
OBLIO
ObI
KOPpeKTHbIM
cpa3y
Ke
pacKpbIBaTb
TOT
MIM
Apy oli
M3
e o
TOMOB
Ha
TOM
WIM
MHOM
CTpaHule,
TIpeqBap TesbHO
He
G6pocus
xoTA
Opi
Ge mo o
B3 IAya
Ha
peTpocneKTuBy
TO O,
KaK
CKlaqblpaacb
cyqb6a
STO O
Te3saypyca
JMTOBCKO O
A3bIKa.
CeaTb
9TO
Tpeyic apyiaeTca
Tem
Gomee
HEOOXOAMMEIM,
YTO
BCH
NepBad
MOMOBMHAa
CTONETUA
B
MCTOpuM
(byHaMeHTaIbHOTO
u3qaHuA
on
Ha3BaHHemM
“Lie u iy
kalbos
Zodynas”
Obula
CBA3aHa
TaBHbIM
06pa30M
C
MMeHaMH
AByXx
e o
byHAAaTOpoB
u
cos3ya eneu
—
K.
By u
u
IO.
Ba sankonuca.
Kak
HaM
lpeycTaBlineTca,
MaTepwalbl
TOM
BucKyccuu
BoKpy
“CnoBapsa
JMMTOBCKOTO
A3bIKa”,
KOTOpad
mpoucxoguna
B
1952-1953
.,
cnenyeT
Temepb
Me€peuwWTaTbh
3aHOBO,
UYTOOKI
yale
MOHATh
Te
KPHTepHU,
KOTOPbIMU
PYKOBOJCTBOBAIMCh
WeKCHKO pads!
BTOPOM
MOMOBMHEI
Hallle o
BeKa,
UTOOI
HE
UCKaTb
B
MHOFOTOMHMKe
TOO,
YTO
B
HEM
He
OBUIO
MpenycmoTpeHo.
Tak,
B
cTaTbe,
HalMcaHHon
B
1953
.
wu
FoMomHeHHON
B
1957
.,
B.A
JIapwu,
c
onHO
CTOPOHBI,
BBICOKO
OlleHHBa
Hacneque
K.By u
[“cmeqoBas0
Obl
MOCBATHT
OCOby10
MOHO pacpHiio...
CIOBapHBIM
pa6o am
K.By u...”
(lapuu,
1957:
138)],
a
c
apy on,
MIOCTYIMpOBal
OTXOA
OT
MIpHHIUMIMa
HCTOPH3Ma
B
JIMTOBCKOM
Te3aypyce.
Tax,
TOBOpA
O
MOATOTOBKe
TOA
e TO
PYKOBOACTBOM
HOBOM
MHCTpyKIMM,
CO macHo
KOTOpoi
“6nuI
Mepepa6o aH
III
Tom
cnoBaps”,
yueHbIM
MouBeN
cienyIolWMi
UTO :
“MaTepHayIbl
H3
JpeBHeiMIMX
MCTOUHHKOB
OTOABMHYTbI
Ha
BTOPOe
MECTO
KaK
CpeJIcTBa
CO3qaHHA
B
ClOBape
McTOpHyecko o
doua,
460
akayleMH4ecKM
CIOBapb
COBpeME€HHOTO
([37eCb
M
HWKE
MOAYEPKHYTO
B
WHTHpyeMOM
TeKCTe.
—
A.H.|
mMTOBCKO O
A3bIKa
He
MOXeT
6bITh
MOCTpoeH
KaK
MCTOpHyecKHH,
10
mpoc eiiilei
XpOHOMO MYeCcKOM
CxeMe,
—
B
HEM
Ha
IlepBOM
MECTe
JaHbI
OCHOBHBIC
3HaYeHUA
B
yNOoTpeOMeHHH
CIOB
B
Halle
BDpeM
4,
B
COBPeMeHHOM
XYIOXeCTBEHHOH,
NOUMTH4eCKON,
HayTHOH
WuTepa Type
MU
B
pew
OOpa30BaHHbIx
monei ”
(Tam
xe:
143).
U o
xe
KacaeTCA
MPOTMBONONOKHOKM
CTOPOHEI,
UPHHUMaBUIeH
yuacTue
B
IMcKyccuHu,
TO
3 ecb
OOpal aeT
Ha
ceOA
BHUMaHMe
NosuiMA
IO.Banbunkonuca,
KOTOPbIMi,
BO-MlepBBIX,
BBICTyaI
IpOTMB
WeneHua
“Ha
Kak
OyATO
Hy
XKHbIe
U
HeHYXHBbIe
CyIOBa”:
“...
ECM
MOMellaeTcA
KakOe-HHOyIb
HEHYXHOC
CIIOBO,
OT
3TO O
CHOBapb
MHOTO
He
MocTpagaeT.
COBO
MOXET
OKa3aTbCH
HYXKHBIM”
11
(Baléikonis
I
213)
u,
Bo-BTopbIx,
CCbUIadcb
Ha
TO,
YTO
“BCA
JeKCHKO paduieckas
paGoTa
He
MMeeT
yCTaHOBJICHHBIX
OKOHYATeEIbHEIX
UpHHnoB”
(Ibidem
:
214),
BO3paxKal
MPOTHB
MOcHelwHOM MOATOTOBKH
HOBOM
peak
KOJWIEKTHBHOTO
Tpyna:
“Cei aac
HaM
CiellIMTb
c
MepeseuKOM
Hallle o
clOBapx
HeT
HHKaKo o
cmpicna”
(Ibidem:
215).
Tem
He
MeHee
IO.
basibuHKOHUC
BbIHyKDeH
ObUI
YHTH
M3
COCTaBa
peqKoJWIe Hu
“CylOBapA
JIMTOBCKOLO
A3bIKa”’.
Takum
o6pa30M,
“CioBapb
IMTOBCKOTO
A3bIKa”
MOATOTOBIeEH
C
OpHeHTalHel
Ha
COBP€MeCHHOCTb
C
BKJOYCHHEM
axe
TakOo O
CyObeKTHBHOFO
KPHMTepuaA
Kak
Ole€HKa
HYXKHOCTM
WIM
HeHYXKHOCTH
cioBa.
DTO
M
CleyeT
YIHTbIBAaTh
MIpH
MOgXxoye
K
Ha3BaHHOMy
TpyAy
KaK
MCTOUHMKy
HHdopMalluu
Kak
Mo
WMpoKuM,
Tak
u
Gomee
y3KMM
BOMpocaM
JHTOBCKOM
JeKcukoNo MM.
B
wacTHOCTH,
cKa3aHHoe
OTHOCMTCa
HM
K
Ipobmeme
epuBaTos.
0.2.
TIpo6mema
uqenTudukalmu
JepuBaToB
KaK
OTIeCJIbHBIX
He
TOBKO
dbopM,
HO
yxKe
HM
CJIOB,
MMCIOLIMX
CBOe
COOCTBEHHOE
HOBOE
3HAYCHHe,
ABJINCTCH
BECbMa
CyMIeCTBeHHOM
Id
wekcuko padun.
Beyb
HepexKO
B
MpaKTHKe
cocTaBeHHa
ciloBpapeli
BO3HHKaeT
CMTyallua,
Ko a
yxke
PakTW4YeCKM
HOBOe
COBO
BCE
elle
paccMaTpHBaeTCa
JIMIUIb
KaK
CHOBOOOpa30BaTeIbHEIM
BapMaHT
M3BECTHOTO
o$o03HayeHHA
TOTO
WIM
MHO O
IpeyMe a
wim
aBeHUA.
Tak,
HalIpHMep,
B
CTaTbBe
TIO,
CHOBOM
knygos
nomeiena
u
cbopma
knygeleés
us
“Ka exusuca”
M.Maxsumaca
(LKZ
VI
242).
BMec e
c
TeM,
KaK
HaM
ylalOCb
2OKa3aTb,
30€Cb
peub
ueT
O
HOBOM
Ileqa o myeckom
TepmMuHe
knygelés
co
3Hau¥eHHeM
yxKe
He
‘KHIDKedKa’,
a
‘yye6HuK’
(Nepokupnas
1994:
76).
CueqoBaTenbHO,
IpuBeyeHHOe
COBO
3aCIyKMBaeT
TOTO,
YTOOLI
B
WalbHeMWIMXx
WeKCMHKO paduyecKux
Tpyqax
OHO
BBICTyMayiO
B
KAYeCTBE
CAMOCTOATeENIbHOM
CMMI
CIOBHUKA.
“CylOBapb
JMTOBCKOFO
A3bIKa”
OTYACTH
COMepKUT
B
Cebe
ZIECMECHTHI
KaK
MCTOPM4eCKO O,
TaK
M
S9TMMOMO MYeCKOTO
cnoBapeH.
Ilo
9TOM
NpHunHe
HEKOTOPEle
e o
CTaTbH
C
NOMHOM
yBePpCHHOCTbIO
MOXHO
MOCTaBUTb
B
OHH
pA
C
COOTBETCTBYIONIMMM
pa3pa6oTKaMH,
CO epxalllMMucaA
ye
He
B
OOMIMX,
a B
ClelMaIbHBIX
JIeKCHKO pauyeckux
Tpywax
Mo
SanTHlickoMy
WM
CciIaBAHCKOMY
A3bIKO3HAHHIO
—
B
UCTOPHYECKHX
HU
STMMOMOFMYeCKMX
JIeEKCHKOHAX.
Hwxe
BHMMaHHIo
uCcceqoBaTemeh
Mmpema alo ca
WBa
9TIONAa,
Te
B
poMM
MCXOJHOPO
BEICTyNaeT
MaTepuall,
B3ATEIM
u3
“C oBapa
JIMTOBCKO O
A3bIKa”.
Ec u
B
Il€pBOM
M3
HUX
PaCCMaTPHBAaIOTCA
DepMBaTbI,
OOpa3s0BaHHBle
C
IOMOIII[bIO
o6me o
epMaHo-GOasITO-cmaBAHCKOTO
cydduxkca
oT
6aTO- epMaHCKo o
u
CIaBAHCKOTO
Ha3BaHHaA
peOeHKa,
TO BO
BTOPOM
aHalM3upyeTca
ciyuali
TlapayWIeNbHO O
CCMaHTMYECKOLO
CIIOBOMpPOM3BOACTBa
—
Mepexog
SaTuiicko o
u
OaITO-CMaBAHCKOTO
Ha3BaHHA
BO3BEINIEHHOTO
pembedba
B
cdepy
MeTeEOpONO MyecKOH
TepMHHOOTHH.
1.0.
Ecnm
nonsi a sca
KpaTKO
onpeyenuTb
O Hy
M3
BeLyMXx
KaTe opuii,
CHOBOOOpa3s0BaTeNbHOe
BLIPAKeHHE
KOTOPOHM
ABMAeTCA,
TaK
CKa3aTb,
“TIpOMWIMpyIOulMM”
B
TEPMHHONOTHM
poycTBa,
TO
9TO
GyszeT
KaTe opua
MOCe€CCHBHOCTM
(IIpHHa eXHOCTH,
IPHTAxKaTeNbHOCTH),
TO
CBA3aHO
C
IIpOMcxoxeHHeM
O6o3Hayaemo o.
Kak
nucan
O.
H.
Tpy6aues,
“pasBu ue
3HadeHHA
O bCh
B
ClaBAHCKOM
‘OTIJOB’>’OTeLl’
—
IpuMep
BCTpeyalollelica
ACITHMONOTH3allMM
NPOW3BOAHEIX
C
CyPPUKCOM
pHHalexHOCTH;
IpH
3TOM
TIPOM3BOXHOE
CHOBa
IIPHHHMaeT
3HaYeHHe
HEMPOM3BOXHOM
OCHOBBI
—
‘OTeII’.
12
Cp.
Hem.
Mensch
‘uenosex’
<yp.-B.-HemM.
mennisco
‘de
on
Mannus
S ammende’
c
cydduKkcom
—
isco
“(Tpy6ayes
1959:
26).
IIpumep
c
Hem.
Mensch
(co
ccpmkow
Ha
pya:
F
Kluge.
Nominale
S ammbildungsleh e
de
al ge manischen
Dialek e.
2.
Au l.
Halle,
1899,
S.10)
ABNIACTCA
JJIA
Hac
B
JaHHOM
cCylydae
OcOOeHHO
BaxKHbIM,
MOCKONbKy
C
TEM
xe
caMbIM
cyddukcom
—
iscO
BBICTyMaloT
He
TONbKO
epMaHCKHe,
HO
Takxe
OauITu ick e
HM
CiaBAHCKHe
MpOM3BOTHbIe
OOpa3s0BaHHA
OT
Ha3BaHHA
pebeHKa,
O
KOTOPBIX
Jlasee
WeT
peu.
1.1.
B
cneumanbHo
c ymuu
“Ceman uxa
mu .
bé nas
:
mmm.
bé ns
u
ux
mpou3sBoqHEIX”
P.Bep ymuc
yOequTenbHO
MoKa3all,
YTO
NepBMIHOe
3HaYeHMe
yKa3aHHOM
BOCTOUHOOaNTHUCKONM
eKceMbI
‘pe6eHOK;
QUTA’
MmpomomKaeT
COXpaHATbCA
TOJIbKO
B
COBPCMCHHOM
JIaTbILICKOM
JIMTepaTyYPHOM
AS3bIKe,
TOTTa
KaK
B
JIMTOBCKOM
OOHapyxXHBaeT
LWeslyIo
WelMouKy
CeMaHTM4eCKHX
Mepexoyos,
PeKOHCTpyupyemMylo
Kak
‘peOeHOK’—>‘MaJIbunk’—
‘TlapeHb’—>‘OaTpak’,
a
Takoxe
‘myxanHa’
(Be ulis
1972:
32).
Takum
o6pa3om,
ecu
6b
“C oBapb
IMTOBCKO O
si3bIKa”
KaK
CIOBapb
Te3aypyCHOTO
THMa
IIpescTaBLA
3Ha eHUA
CIOBa
B
MOpsAyKe
WX
MCTOPHYECKOLO
pa3BHTHA,
TO
3aMKCMpOBaHHOe
TOMBKO
B
MaMATHMKAaX
U
B
opope
IIanacni
‘pe6eHOK,
(MTA’
TOCKHO
ObUIO
ObI
CTOATS
He
Ha
BTOpoM
(LKZ
I,
767),
a
Ha
MlepBOM
MecTe.
Tosops
o
nmpou3BonHEx,
P.Bep ymuc
o6paTu
BHUMaH e,
B
YaCTHOCTH,
Ha
TO,
YTO
COxpaHsIOMMi
B
ceOe
MepBOHadabHOe
3HAYeHMe
MCXOMHOFO
CyOBa
nepusa
be niské
‘ge c so,
;HocTs’
(Ibidem:
770)
Bc peyaeTca
TONBKO
B
IPeBHUX
mamMaTHuKax
(Be ulis
1972:
21),
y ounum
—
mu
B
“Iloc umie”
M.JJayxum,
Tye
9Ta
(PopMa
OTMeYeHa
TpIoxgE.
Vi
3necb
MbI
ObI
XOTeIM
yKa3aTb
Ha
HayydHylo
3HaYMMOCTb
MpescTapieHua
B
“C oBape”
STOTO
Mpou3Bo_HO O
oObpa3s0BaHuA
WIA
CpaBHUTeIbHO-MCTOpHdeCKO O
A3bIKO3HAHHA.
Jeno
B
TOM,
YTO
MaMATHMKM
TOTCKOTO
A3bIKa
COXpaHWIM
B
cebe
HE
TOJIBKO
cyljecTBu TembHoe
ba n
(cpey.p.)
B
eMHCTBEHHOM
3HaYeHMM
‘JIMTA’,
a
TaKxKe
oOpasoBaHHoe
OT
He o
Mpwa a embHoe
ba nisks
‘gqeTcKuii’,
HO
M
DepMBaT
OT
mocuegHe o
ba niski
(cpem.
p.)
‘ne c Bo’
(W igh
1910/1981:
170,178,310).
Tax,
Bo
“B opoM
nocwaHuM
cB.anoc ona
Ilasna
k
Tumode o”
( mapa
III,
c ux
15)
HaxojuM:
jah
pa ei
us
ba niskja
weihds
b6k6s
kunbés
...
(Ibidem:
290),
.e.
“A
TbI
c
WeTcTBa
CBaweHHoe
IIucaHue
3Haellb”
...
Cn enqoBaTembHo,
Mexay
TOTCKHUM
MepepoyquuKoM
Bu6smuu
enucKonomM
Yueunon
(0.311
—
0k.383
.),
c
o HOM
CTOPOHEI,
M
JMTOBCKMM
MepeBoyYHKOM
“Tloc um ’
(1599
.)
kaHoHuKom
M.
Jlayxu ei
—
c
apy oi ,
mpoxoguT
o6u aa
TOTO-IMTOBCKaA
JIEKCHKO-CNOBOOOpa30BaTebHad
Mapamienb:
o .
ba niski
(cpea.p.)
‘me cTBo’
—
mu .
be ni8ké
(xxeH.p.)
‘To
xe’.
IIpupeqeHHbI
NpHMep,
CBUeTEICTBYA
O
3HAYMTENBHOM
HayyYHOH
IeHHOCTH
Me€pMBaTOB,
colepxalluxca
B
“CHOBape
IHTOBCKOTO
A3bIKa”,
BMeCTe
C
TeM
yOexaeT
B
TOM,
4TO
B
6y ylleM
STHMONO MYeCKOM
COBape
MHTOBCKOTO
A3bIKa,
TIO-BHIMMOMY,
ye
ObLIO
Obl
HEMOCTATOYHO
OLpaHWYMBaTbCA
TOMbKO
KpaTKOli
c aTbeli
06
ucxogHom
bé nas
(cp.
F aenkel
1962:
40).
1.2.
B
“Jlaspen sescKoli
weTonucuw”
—
KomMu
neTONMCcHO O
cBoga
1305
.,
cocTaBieHHon
B
1377
.,
—
nog
945
.
BcTpeuae ca
3anmuch:
Boms a
xe
Oa e
B
Kuesh
c
c s ]/x[o]ms
csoums
ch
Ab ecKoms
C/ea] ocaasom
(55),
KOTOpy 0
COCTABHTeJIM
MCTOPMYeCKO O
COBapsx
PYCCKOFO
A3bIKa
IIPMBOAAT
B
KayecTBe
13
WUNOCTpallMu
B
CTaTbe
Mok
cloBOM
A
H7TcKuH
(ipwla aTeIbHoe
CO
3HayeHHeM
‘masloneTHMM,
WeTCKo o
Bo3pac a’)
(CuPA
XI-XVII
Bs.
IV
239).
OnHaKo
OWeBMAHO,
YTO
B
JaHHOM
cylyyae
ped
UeT
He
O
MpWia aTeMbHOM
A
D cKuHi,
a
o
IIPOM3BOAHOM
OT
HELO,
HO
yxKe
CyIIeCTBHTeIbHOM
Ab sbcKo
(cpeqHe o
pola)
‘quTa,
pe6eHOK’,
KOTOpOMy
B
I[MTHpyeMoM
C1oBape
HEOOxOAMMO
OBLIO
MOCBATHTS
OTIeIbHYIO
CTAaTbIO.
O a
xe
caMaxd
OluMOKa
MOBTOpAeTCA
M
B
MCCIeAOBAaHHM
TO
MCTOpHyecKoOH
JICKCHKOJIO MM
yKpaMHCKO O
A3bIKa.
Tak,
cpeqW
“Ha3sBaHMii,
KaCalollMxcA
yelOBeKa,
e O
BO3PaCTHBIX
OCOGeHHOCTeH”
BEINeMeHa
dopMa
“ZD scKs
(cyO6OcTaHTHBUpOBaHHoe
Mpuma aTembHoe)<dé pskp
‘quTa’”,
TO
TIpOWMHOCTpHpoBaHO
mpwMepoM
u3
Tanmyko-Bomsiickoh
ne omucu
mox
1206
Y .
Kopoms
xe
Axnpbu...
xoTAme
AaTH
A[Bjiuepb
cBo o
3a
KHA3A
JJanwia
o6b-
uma
ZBb TscKoma
Ob1BuuMAa
(IYM
JIM
31).
OnHaxo
dopmy
AaTeubHOTO-
TBOPHTENbHOLO
Mayexel
ABOHCTBEHHOTO
YUCIa
Ha
-OMa
(CP.
ABTBCKOMA)
UMeC1OT
MMeHa
CYIIJ€CTBUTEIbHbIe
He
TOJIbKO
MYXKCKOIO,
HO
HM
cpeqHe o
poga.
Bo
nouemy
BMECTO
IIpeAIOXKEHHOTO
aBTOPOM
pa3paOOTKM
HECyIeCTByIOle o
BapMaHTa
JIeKCeMbL
ABTBCKS
cilellyeT
peKOHCTpyupoBaTb
dbopmy
cpesHe o
pona
AH scKoO
‘qu a’.
U o
Ke
KacaeTCa
CeMaHTMYeCKOH
aeKBaTHOCTH
Tako o
OO03HayeHHA,
TO
HallOMHUM,
4TO
KHa310
Jlanuumy
TanuuKkomy
(1201-1264)
Ha
1206
oy
(Bpema
3alIMCH
B
JIeTOMMCH)
OBUIO
BCe o
MAT
Je .
Vi ak,
Ha
OCHOBaHMM
JByX
JeTOMMCHBIX
3amuceii:
1)
nog
945
.
-
0
KueBCKOM
kKHa3e
Cpaa ocnape
(?-972)
u
2)
nog
1206
.
—
0
asMI{KO-BONBIHCKOM
KH#3e
Jlanwusie
[Ia
UCTOpMM
yKpaMHCKO O
A3bIKa
BOCCTaHaBMIMBAaeTCA
COBO
ADTSCKO
KaK
OHO
43
Ha3BaHHi
pebenka.
C
nmo3uuM u
3STOM
peKOHCTPyKWMU
c exqyeT
B3IIAHYTb
Ha
MECTO
COOTBETCTBYIOWe O
AepuBaTa
B
OOOMX
CNOBapAX
MpaciaBAHCKOFO
A3bIKa,
lapawwie bHo
BEIxogauMx
B
Poccuu
u
Tlonpue.
Tak,
ecam
B
NepBOM
H3
HUX
cbopMs
Tuma
momscK.
dziecko
‘quTa’
paccmaTpuBaloTca
B
OOMIe
cTaTbe
Nog
cnosom
dé sks(jb)
(9CCA
V
17),
To
Bo
BTopoM
cy6cTaHTHBUpOBaHHad
opma
lipwya aTewbHo o
cpeqHe o
pona
dé psko
c
momeToii
o
e o
3anaqHOCNaBAHCKOM
xapakTepe
Bbi eweHa
B
OTMembHYy10
cTaTbIO
(SP
III
174-175).
TlonyyeHHble
HaMM
MaTepHasbI
NOATBepxLaloT
Wemecoobpa3HOocTS
ocoboK
paspa6oTKu
o6cyxqaemo o
AepuBa a.
BMec e
c
TeM
yxe
u
cel uac
HEOOXOZMMO
OTKa3aTBCA
OT
OMpeseweHHA
3TOTO
OOpa3s0BaHHA
KaK
3aMaqHOClaBAHCKO O
110
cBoemy
paciipoc paHeHuio.
IlomuMo
yxe
MpHBexeHHbIX
HaMM
HOBbIX
PakTOB
cp.
Takxe
(UKcal[M10
MCKOMOM
CopMbI
B
1OXHOCMAaBAHCKOM
apeane.
Tak,
HalIpMMep,
B
CIIOBEHCKOM
A3bIKe
H3BECTHO
9KCIIpeccuBHoe
cuoBo
décko
(B
YaCTHOCTM,
TaK
OBOpAT
O
KpelIKOM
MapHe),
oTMeyeHHOoe
(dezhko)
oxono
1800
.
(Bezlaj
1977:
98).
TakuM
o6pa30M,
KaK
110
XpOHOJOTHH,
TakK
MH
0
eo paduu
cBoel
duKcaluu
Tepusa
dé asko
‘qua’
HeCOMHEHHO
OTHOCHTCA
K
OOpa30BaHHaM
IpacwaBAHCKOTo
TlepHoO a
M
B
9TOM
KayecTBe
JOJDKeH
HaiiTH CBOe
MeCTO
B
OyMyIIMx
FONOMHeEHMAX
K
CHOBaplo
IIpacaBAHCKOTO
A3bIKa.
2.0.
C oxkHOCTb
ajeKBaTHOTO
MpescTaBieHua
B
“C10Bape
JIMTOBCKOYO
A3bIKa”’
KaK
HCTOpwuecKON,
Tak
H
WMaleKTHOH
JICEKCHKH
3aKIOUaeTCA
B
TOM,
YTO
HEpesKO
B
3TOM
YaCTH
JeKcM4eCKO O
(OHA
BCTpeya oTca
Takue
(OpMEI
CIIOB,
a
TakKxKe
MX
3HaYeHUA,
KOTOPbIe
elle
He
MMe OT
3a
COOOM
CKONbKO-HMOYAb
CHOKMBINEMCH
TpaqulMu
He
TOUbKO
JekcuKo padwyeckoli,
HO
Waxe
MW
IeKCMHKONO MYecKO
14
wH Tepipe anuu.
Cka3aHHoe
OTHOCHTCA,
B
YaCTHOCTH,
M K
TOM
4acTH
TIPOM3BOAHEIX OOpa3z0BaHHi,
B
KOTOPbIX
MepMBAaLlMA
OCYIIeCTBIACTCA
6e3
W3MeHEHUA
CIPyKTypHOM
POpMEeI
COBa
—
HCKIIOUMTeEIbHO
Ha
C€MaHTMYCCKOM
ypoBHe,
Ko ma
Mepey
WeKcuKo pacoM
BOSHUKaeT
HeOOXOAMMOCTD
OMpeweMTECA
—
c¢
¥YeM
OH
MMEEeT
eNO:
TaK
CKa3aTb,
C
“Pa3OBbIM”
OTKJIOH€HMEM
OT
UIMpoKo
W3BeECTHOTO
CTapo o
3HaYCHUA
WIM
2Ke
C
HOBBIM
3HayeHMeM?
B
qaHHoM
cyyyae
peu
Moiie
0
ceMaHTM4eCKol
epuBalluu,
HaOuOLaeMol
B
OXHOM
M3
JIMTOBCKMX
Ha3BaHMi
BOSBEUMeHHOcTU
(gaub ys,
gub ys
u
mog.),
MaTepwayl
K
KOTOpOMy
— B
OCHOBHOM
3Ha eHuM
—
HMpexc apieH
B
“KoMMeHTapuH”
Ne
80
kK
“A macy
j uTOBCKO O
A3bIKa”
(LKA
I
180).
2.1.
B
c a se
nog,
cnozom
gubu as
(gibu as)
B
“CmoBape
MTOBCKO O
A3bIKa”
YIOMMHAIOTCA
TOSKO
[Ba
TMaJIeKTHIX
AcTOUHMKa
—
oBopsl
Jlenac
u
Jlyca oc:
nlepsbii
pH
yKa3aHuu
Ha
3HayeHMe
‘kaubu ys,
kups as,
kelmas,
kal a’
( .e.
COOTBETCTBeEHHO
‘Gy op,
KOUKa,
IleHb,
XOJM’),
BTOpo
Mp
NacilopTH3sauMn
wuuoc pauuu
—
Siandiej
an
dangaus
daug
gubu ij
(panasiy
j
kelmus
debesy)
-
eikia
bul’ os
sodin
—
ge ai
augs
(LKZ
III
691),
. e.
‘Ce oqua
Ha
He6e
MHO O
“6y poB”
(7OXOXKHX
Ha
ITHU
OOMaKOB)
—
HallO
KapTO@eb
CalMTb
—
XOPOLIO
OyneT
pacTn’.
B
wu upyemoii
c a be
oOpa iiaeT
Ha
ceOa
BHUMaHHe
TO,
YTO
€€
COCTABUTEJIb
(uM
pemakTop)
cpeAM
YeTEIPeX
BOSMOXHBIX
BapHaHTOB
MHTeplipeTalMu
JMayleKTHOTO
IpuMepa
U30pasl
CXOCTBO
C
IIHAMH.
Bmec e
c
TeM
M0Ka3aTeJIbHO,
UTO
B
TOM
xe
ToBope
JIycaTOC
OTMeyeHO
U
pusa a embHoe
gubu o as:
Siandiej
gubu io as
dangus,
ge a
semenija
(LKZ
III
692),
. e.
‘Ce ogHa
(mepeBeyem
Kak)
“6y puc oe”
He6o,
xopolliiee
BpeMa
WIA
cena’.
A
B
TOM,
4TO
TaKOM
aNbeKTUB
He
ABJIACTCA
YEM-TO
ClyuaHbIM,
KpacHOpe4MBO
CBHMJeTeICTBYIOT
elle
Tp
MpWMepa
M3
JIMTOBCKOH
MewaTH
10
1940
.:
1)
gaubu iuo as:
Du
Zals i
ga lai iai
nuplauke
j
Siau e,
ku
enkasi
gaubu iuo i
debesys
(LKZ
III
161);
3
2)
giib iuo as:
Padange
Sliauziojo
sunkiis,
giib iuo i
debesys
(LKZ
III
690);
3)
gubu ido as:
Tolumoje
juoduoja
gubu iuo i
debesys
(LKZ
III
692),
.
e.
1)
‘JIpa
3euleHoBaTBIX
Mapoxoa
OTIVIBUIM
Ha
ceBep,
e
coOupaio ca
“Oy pucTEie”
o6naka’;
2)‘TIlo
ne6y
nom3m
Taxembie
“Oy puc ie”
o6maKa’;
3)
‘Bayan
sepHe 0T
“Oy pucTpie”
o6saKa’.
Bo
Bcex
MpHBeeHHBIX
BBIMMe
WUNOCTpaTHBHEIX
IIpHMepax
MBI
U30paM
Wi
cBoe o
6yKBaIbHO O
MepeBola
CXOACTBO
O6IaKOB
He
C
MHEM,
KaK
IIpeIOKEHO
B
“Cylopape
JMTOBCKOFO
A3bIKa”,
a
Cc
6y poM,
K
4emMy
OOaSbIBaeT
ODKaiiMlad
CWlaBAHCKad
MepciieKTMBa.
2.2.
Ony6nMKOBaHHbIe
CTATbH
O6OMX
WpacwaBAHCKMX
cCNOBapel
O
BOCTOUHOCIaBAHCKOM
pelHOHaIM3Me
—
Ha3BaHHM
BO3BbIeHHOCTH
bugs p
(SP
I
436;
DCCA
III
79)
k
HacTosiemy
BpeMeHH
yxXe
MOFyT
OBITb
JOMOUHEHEI
HOBbIMM
MaTep aslaMu.
Tak,
c
6aITHHCKOM
CTOPOHBI
30ecb
MpeACTaBIAeTCA
BECbMa
I[CHHBIM
CBHeTebCTBOM
JMT-bugu ys
‘mazZas
pakilimas’,
T .
e.
‘HeOombII0e
BOSBEILeHHe’,
3adukcupospanHoe
B
A.
Maypysai
I[puenalicko o
p-Ha
coOupaTenamu
MaTepHazios
Juin
“A yaca
JIMTOBCKOTO
s3bIKa”
(LKA
I
180):
qo
cux
nop
6anTHi cKoe
COOTBETCTBHe
ObUVIO
H3BECTHO
TOJIbKO
B
JIaTbILICKOM
ASBIKE.
15

U o
%e
KacaeTCH
HOBBIX
CBHJICTEIbCTB
AMaleKTONO MM
yxKe
Cc
COOcTBeEHHO
ClaBAHCKOH
CTOPOHBI,
TO
OHM
OKa3bIBalOTCH
He
MeHee
BAXKHBIMM
UM
IIA
MHTeplipeTalMu
Mapamienmew
W3
TOM
Xe
JeKCHKO-CeMaHTMYeCKOH
pynnbl
OalITMMCcKO O
CHOBaps.
Tak,
B
cBonx
“JlomouHeHMAX
K
JIeKCMYeCKMM
MaTepMallaM”
yIMOMs*HYTOTO
cioBapa
pocculickux
sTHMONO oB
A.®.KypapieB
MpwBed,
B
YaCTHOCTH,
He
YUITCHHbIe
PaHbiIue
CBUMeTeENIbCTBa
OeOpyccKOH
WManeKTHOM
jeKcuKo padun:
Oy pp
‘kyyeBble
OOIaKa’
UM
yMeHbII.
Oy apOK
‘Ty4Ka’
(Kypapnes
1990
:
I,
36).
Ilepppm
npumep
(MHOXeCTBeEHHOe
YHCIO;
METEOPOMO M4eCKH
TepMUH)
3alMcaH
B
4.Oxpemosubi
BpacnascKo o
p-Ha
Bu eOckoii
o6s.:
Lk
BacHo
Oy pami
Heba
—
caysilb
ypKi
Tp36a
(CBITI3B
I
232),
.e.
‘Kak
BecHow
6y pamu
HeG6o
—
caquTD
O yplbI
HyxHO’.
B opas
dukcaljua
oTHOcuTca
K
JloepcKomy
p-Hy
TomenbcKoli
oon.
(A
HKOBa
T.
C.
Asm ex us
c oynix
Joey
uasinss,
Mixcx,
1982,
58;
IIPMBOAMTCA
MO
TeKcTy
nyOmuKanuu
A.D.
Kypapiesa).
Takum
o6pa30m,
Oy apOK
‘Ty4Ka’
u
Oy ps
‘Ky4eBbie
OONaKa’
OTMeUeHEI
Ha
TMaMeTpasIbHO
MpOTHBOMOMOXHEIX
OKpawHax
Bbenopyccuu,
npuuem
BpacascKui
P-H
Waxe
TpaHwau T
c
3apacaiickuM
p-HOM
JIuTBEI,
Ha
TeppHTOpHu
KoTOpo o
(Ayca oc)
u
6puio
3ape uc puposBaHo
Siandiej
an
dangaus
daug
gubu @
...
(cm.
BBE),
T.e.
—
MepeBoaA
yKe
Ha
TMaleKTHOM
ypoBHe
—
‘Ce ogqHA
Ha
HeGe
MHOTO
Oy pos’.
2.1-2.
O6a
TepMuHa
BO3BEIMeHHO LO
pembedpa
—
mu .
gubu as
u
6enop.
6y dp,
YWMesx
OJHY
M
Ty
Xe
CeMaHTHKO-COBOOOpa3s0BaTeNbHYIO
CTpyKTypy
(B
o60ux
ciyw4asax:
OayTO-ciaBAHCKMM
KOpeHb
CO
3Ha¥eHHeM
‘ HyTb,
c uOa s’
+
cydduKc
-u as/-b b
=
‘BO3BHINIeHMe’)
OOHAapyKUBaIOT
OHO
UM
TO
Xe
HanpaB eH e
NaibHe iiueH
CeMaHTMYeCKOM
TepuBallMM
‘BO3BBIIMeHMe’—>‘o6aKo’
Kak
o6pa3
oOmayHo o
He6a
Yepe3
IIPH3My
BOCIIpHATHA
pe beda
3emHOH
NoBepxHocTn.
Ilo-
BHIMMOMY,
B
3TOM
CBA3M
He
JIMUIHMM
OyeT BCIOMHMTb
M
HayasIbHy}O
CTPOKy
c uxoTBopeHua
A.C.
Ilyu kuna
“Peqee
o671aKoB
seTyY¥aa
Ipa a...”.
2.3.
Bauly
ycTaHoBieHusa
GenopyccKo-MTOBCKOH
H30 moCccEI
(6y op
/
gubu as)
‘BOSBbIMeHHe’—‘OOaKO’
NpecTaBlAeTcA
Wemecoobpa3HbIM
BepHYTCA
K
OAHOMY
M3
Te3HCOB
aBTOpOB
dyHaMeHTambHo o
Tpyna
“Mugoesponelickuii
a3bIK
Mu
MHOeCBpONeHUbI”,
KOTOPbIe
yTBepxXMalOT,
4TO
“coYeTaHHe
3HadeHUi
‘TOP!’
u
‘oOmaKa’,
‘TYdH’
B
ONHOM
CJIOBe...
OTpaxaeT
peaIbHylo
KapTHHy
JaHqWad a
APeBHUX
MHTOeBpo eiilles:
y
BepLIMH
‘BICOKMX
Top’
coOupaloTcs
‘Tyan’,
ueM
Hu
MOXHO
OOBACHUTh
CEMAHTHYECKYIO
CBA3b
9TUX
3HAYeHMM,
MpocMexKHBaeMYIO
B
ApeBHUX
MHOeBpo e ickKux
Tpaquuusax”
(TamKpemug3e,
Unanos
1984:
667-668).
Bmec e
c
Tem
OcylllecTBIeHHe
CeMaHTMYecKol
TepuBaljun
(mepexosa)
‘BOSBBIIMeHHe’
>
‘oOaKo’
B
ycloBuax
BocTowHoesponelicKol
PaBHMHE!
(apea
JIATOBCKOTO
M
GOeyOpyccKO o
A3BIKOB)
B
JaHHOM
Cily¥ae
MOX€T
BBICTYNAaTh
B
KayeCTBe
KOHTPap yMeHTa
B
AMCKYCCMM
O
TOpHCTOM
XapakTepe
mpapouMHEI
uHwoespone iues.
Cp.
TouKy
3peHHa
aMepuKaHCKOTO
KOMMapaTHBUcTa
B.IL.Jlemana,
KoTop ii,
oueHMBad
LMTHpyeMBIi
BEIe
Tpyq,
OTMeETHT,
UTO
“HeNB3A
Co acHTbca
co
BCeMM
ux
(T.e.
T.B.TamKpenug3e
u
Bay.Bc.Mpanosa.
—
A.)
BBIBOMAaMM,
OCOOCHHO
OTHOCHTeENbHO
NpapoOqMHbI
MHTOeBponelies...
o6macTu,
wexkalli e
K
cepepy
oT
YepHo o
u
Kacnmiicxo o
Mopeii,
mpemc aBisao ca
6omee
BePOATHBIMM
B
KayeCTBe
NOKaIM3allMM
MIpapOAMHbI,
WOCKOMbKy
B
TaKOM
cylyyae
We de
OOACHUTh
MOCHEMOBATeEMbHBIe
ZTAIbI
pasBUTUuA
Mpaa3pika...”
(Jleman
16
1991:
24-25).
1-2.
Mnen uduxaima
WepupaTos
—
Kak
Ha
CHOBOOOpa3sOBaTeIbHOM,
Tak
HM
Ha
YACTO
CEMaHTHYCCKOM
YPOBHAX
—
ABMIACTCA
OMHOM
M3
BaKHEMIMUX
3anay
coBpeMeHHoi
GanTui cKol
uM
cmaBAHCKOM
JeKcukKo paum.
OT
TiWaTebHOCTH
TOMXOHa
Mp
OlpekeweHuu
cBASH
MexXIY
MCXOZHBIM
OOpa3s0BaHHeM,
C
OHO!
CTOPOHBI,
HM
JepHBaTOM
OT
He o
—
C
Apy oli,
3aBMCUT
KOppeKTHOCTs
IipescTaBlleHHa
TOM
WIM
WHOM
MpO 3BOLHOM
POpMBI
He
TONbKO
B
COBPEMeCHHOM
A3BIKe.
Kak
yuu
onbi
o6palljeHHa
K
HCTOpH4eCKMM
UM
STHMOMOLMYeCKMM
CIOBapAM
6anTuiickKux
M
CaBAHCKHX
A3bIKOB,
OHM
OTYACTH
TpebyloT
HOBO O
MpouTeHus,
MOCKONbKy
BCWeACTBMe
HeTOUHOH
MIM
axe
OWMOOUHOH
TpakTOBKU
coLepxKaliMxcs
B
HUX
JepuBaTOB
MHOIMa
CUydaeTCA
axe
TaK,
YTO
BECbMa
BaXKHBIC
CBMeTeIBCTBa,
MMelOllMe
ollpesxe eHHoe
3HayeHMe
He
TOMbKO
Wa
TOTO
WIM
MHOFO
YWaCTHOTO
A3bIKO3HAHHA,
HO
MU
DJIA
MHTOCBPONeCHCTHKU
B
IelIOM,
OKa3bIBaloTCA
“3a6JOKMPOBaHHBIMM”
OT
UCcHesoBaTeIsA.
Bua ogzapa
co3 qaHwio
MHOFOTOMHO TO
“CioBapA
JIMTOBCKOFO
A3bIKa”
wiekcuueckaa
6a3a
Oymyle o
“HoBo o
MpeHKema1”
c aHeT
HEH3MepHMO
Oo aye
110
CpaBHeHHW0
Cc
Toli,
KaKOM
pacnoma anl
aBTop
Tpyia
Mog
HasBaHuem
“Li auisches
e ymologisches
Wo e buch”.
Kpome
To o,
He
McKuOYeHO,
ITO
H3MeHHTCA
U
TO3MUMA
COCTaBUTeNeH
“OTUMONOTMYECKOTO
CUIOBaPA
JIMTOBCKOLO
A3bIKa”,
KOTa,
K
HpuMepy,
mHcdopMaljua
O
MepuBa Tax
oT
a oma
galib i,
B
uac HocTu,
OyzeT
COMepxKaTbCA
He
TOKO
B
CTaTbe
O
NOCKeAHeEM,
HO
XOTA
ObI
oTYUACTH
OyyzeT
paccpeloToueHa
B
COOTBETCTBYIONMX
pa3spaboTKax
MOA
MpOM3BOAHbIMH
OT
He o
cJIOBaMu.
JIATEPATYPA
Tamkpenun3e
T.B,
Hpanos
Bau.
Be.
1984:
Hxgoespome icKkn
43bIK
H
HHgOeBpomenuss.
PEKOHCTPYKUHA
H
UCTOPHKO-THITONOIHIECKHH
AHA@TH3
Mpa 3blKa
H
Mpo oxymsTypp!,
Tounucn:
Uspa enbc so
T6umuccko o
yHuBepcu e a.
Kypasnes
A.O.
1990:
K
y o nenuio
mpeAcTaBleHHH
O
CIABAHCKUX
H3OTMIOCCAX.
Jlonomenua
K
JICKCHYe€CKMM
MaTep alaM
“OTMMONO MYeCKOTO
CNOBAPA
CABAHCKUX
ASbIKOB”
|,
Mocxsa:
Muc u y
pyccKo o
a3bIKa.
IYM
JI®
1983:
Ic opia
yxpaixcsKoi
MoBH.
JIexcuxa
1
@pazeomo ia,
Kuis:
HayKopa
AyMKa.
Jlapuu
6B.
A.
1957:
Kpa xui
uc opuueckuii
0630p
mHTOBCKOM
meKcuKo paun.
-
JlexcuKo paguyeckui
cOopHHK
2,
Mocxsa:
Tocy apcTBeHHOe
M3aTeIbCTBO
MHOCTpaHHBIX
M
HallMOHasIbHEIX
cnoBape ,
119-144.
Jleman_
B.I1.
1991:
Hopoe
B
wHqOeBponencTHyeckux
Hcc emoBaHUAX.
—
Bompocsl
AbIKOZHAHUA
5,
Mocxsa:
Hayxa,
5-26.
CBITI3B
|
-
C oynix
6enapycxix
aBopak
najHo a-saxoqnHan
Benapyci
i
se
na pani ia
,
Mixcx:
Hapyxa
i
ToxHika,
1979.
CnPA
XI-XVII
ps.
IV
—
C opaps
pyccxo o
a3b1Ka
XI-XVII
pp.
4,
Mocxsa:
Hayxa,
1977.
Tpy6aues
O.H.
1959:
Mc opua
ciaBAHCKUX
TEPMHHOB
POACTBA
H
HEKOTOPBIX
ApeBHEHIMHX
TepMHHoB
obiuecTBeHHo o
c pos,
Mocxsa:
U3sya empc so
Akayemun
Hayx
CCCP.
9CCA
II,
V
-
S amonzo myeckue
CloBapb
C1aBIHCKHX
A3bIKOB.
UipachaBaAHCKMH
WeKcwaeckHi
POHL
3,5,
Mocxsa:
Hayxa,
1976,
1978.
Baléikonis
J.I:
[Bsic ynnenue
Ha
neKcuKono muecKoH,
meKcHKo paduyeckol
u
TepMuHOMOo MuecKon
KoHepenunu
24 IV
1952
1.].
-
Balcikonis
J.
Rink iniai
as a 1,
Vilnius:
Mokslas,
1978,
212-216.
Be ulis
R.
1972:
Lie .
bé nas.
la .béms
un
a
a asinajumu
seman ika.
-
Bal is ica
I
p iedas,
17
-
32.
Bezlaj
F.
1977:
E imoloski
slo a
slo enskega
jezika
1,
Ljubljana:
Slo enska
akademija
znanos i
in
ume nos i.
17
F aenkel
E.
1962:
Li auisches
e ymologisches
Wé e buch
1,
Heidelbe g:
Uni e si a s e lag.
LKA
I
-
Lie u iy
kalbos
a lasas
1,
Leksika,
Vilnius:
Mokslas,
1977.
LKZ
L,
-
Lie u iy
kalbos
Zodynas
1,
Vilnius:
Min is,
1968.
LKZ
Ill,
VI
-
Lie u iy
kalbos
Zodynas
3,6,
Vilnius:
Vals ybiné
poli inés
i
mokslinés
li e a i os
leidykla,
1956,
1962.
Nepokupnas
A.
1994:
M.Maz ydo
“Ka ekizmo”
bylojancio
ado élio
(knygeliy)
aizdas
is o ijos
i
kul os
kon eks e.
-
P o es an izmas
Lie u oje:
is o ija
i
daba is,
Vilnius:
ApyauS is,
70-77.
SP
I,
III
-
S ownik
p as owianski
1,3,
W oc aw-Wa szawa—K ak6w-Gdansk:
Wydawnic wo
Polskiej
Akademii
Nauk,
1974,
1979.
W igh
J.
1910/1981:
G amma
o
he
Go hic
language,
Ox o d:
A
he
Uni e si y
P ess.
DEL
VEDINIY
ISTORINIUOSE
BEI
ETIMOLOGINIUOSE
BALTY
IR
SLAVU
KALBU
ZODYNUOSE
San auka
Pag indinis
XX
a.
lie u iy
leksikog a ijos
da bas
-
“Lie u iy
kalbos
zodynas”
u i
i
is o inio,
i
e imologinio
Zodyno
elemen y.
No in
nus a y i,
kiek
jis
laiky inas
lie u iy
kalbos
ezau u,
bi ina
isigilin i
j
1952-1953
m.
ykusios
leksikog a inés
diskusijos
p ieZas is
i
pada inius,
kai
K.
Bios
i
J.
Baléikonio
Zodyno
da bo
k yp is
bu o
pakeis a
i
is o ine
medziaga
im a
pa eik i
“kaip
on”.
E imologinis
leksikog a inio
pa eikimo
p incipas,
ku iuo
emian is
i ai ios
o mos
nu odomos
j
ieng
pag inding
o ma,
ne
isuome
inka.
Ma
ediniai
ne e ai
ampa
sa a ankiSkais
Zodziais,
u indiais
ki a
eik’me.
Dél
Siy
p ocesy
nej e inimo
lie u iy
kalbos
i
pedagogikos
is o ijoje
nebu o
Zinomas
jau
M.
Maz ydo
“Ka ekizme”
a o as
e minas
knygelés
‘ ado élis’.
Uk ainiedziy
kalbos
is o ijoje
nea siz elg a
j
aiko
pa adinima
zB scxo,
uz iksuo a
945
m.
i
1206
m.
me aééiuose.
Busimajame
“E imologiniame
lie u iy
kalbos
Zodyne”
eikia
daugiau
démesio
ski i
is es iniams
Zodziams:
M.
Dauk&os
“Pos iléje”
andamas
lie .
be niské
u i
iksly
go y
kalbos
a i ikmenj
ba niski
‘ aikys é’.
Lie u iy
kalbos
a miy
gabu as
i
bal a usiy
a miy
6y op
y a
seman inés
de i acijos
‘kal a’
—
‘debesis’
pa yzdys.
Geog a ijos
sa oka
eiSkian is
Zodis
imamas
a o i
me eo ologijos
sa okai
eik§ i.
Bi en
Siuo
seman iniu
y$iu
emiamasi
j odinéjan ,
kad
indoeu opie¢iy
p o é yné
bu o
kalnuo oje
ie o éje.
Tadiau
ai,
kad
lie u iy
i
bal a usiy
izoglosa
a si ado
Ry y
Eu opos
lygumoje,
galima
laiky i
kon a gumen u
disku uojan
Siuo
klausimu.
Fo mos
i
seman ikos
ediniy
p oblemos
y imas
is o iniuose
bei
e imologiniuose
bal y
i
sla y
kalby
Zodynuose
y a
labai
s a bus.
Jis
su eikia
daugiau
galimybiy
jsigilin i
ne
ik
j
am
ik u
kalby
a
jy
g upiy,
be
i
j
indoeu opiediy
kalby
Seimos
zodziy
iS eklius.
ZU
DEN
ABLEITUNGEN
IN
DEN
HISTORISCHEN
UND
ETYMOLOGISCHEN
WORTERBUCHERN
DER
BALTISCHEN
UND
SLAWISCHEN
SPRACHEN
Zusammen assung
Eine
g undlegende
A bei
de
li auischen
Lexikog aphie
im
20.
Jh.
is
“Lie u iy
kalbos
Zodynas”
(“Wo e buch
de
li auischen
Sp ache”),
das
sowohl
his o ische
als
auch
e ymologische
en hal .
Um
es zus ellen,
in
wie e n
es
als
Thesau us
des
Li auischen
be ach e
we den
kann,
18
is
on
Belang,
au
die
G iinde
und
Folgen
de
1952/53
s a ge undenen
lexikog aphischen
Diskussion
einzugehen,
die
dazu
uh e,
daB
die
on
K.
Biga
und
J.
Bal¢ikonis
in
de
A bei
am
Wo e buch
eingeschlagene
Rich ung
gednde
wu de
und
de
his o ische
S o
nu
als
Hin e g und
da geleg
wu de.
Das
e ymologische
P inzip,
das de
lexikog aphischen
Da s ellung
zug unde
liegen
soll e
und
nach
welchem
e schiedene
Fo men
aus
eine
G und o m
abzulei en
sind,
e wies
sich
nich
in
allen
Fallen
als
passend.
Die
Ablei ungen
e wandeln
sich
hau ig
in
selbs andige
W6 e
mi
eine
neuen
Bedeu ung.
Da
diese
Wandlungsp ozesse
in
de
Geschich e
de
li auischen
Sp ache
und
Padagogik
nich
be iicksich ig
wu den,
blieb
auch
de
im
“Ka echismus”
on
Maz ydas
geb auch e
Te minus
Anygelés
in
de
Bedeu ung
‘Leh buch’
unbekann .
In
de
Geschich e
de
uk ainischen
Sp ache
wu de
auch
die
Bezeichnung
ii
das
Kind
z scxo,
die
945
und
da au
1206
in
den
Ch oniken
o lieg ,
nich
in
Be ach
gezogen.
In
dem
kiin igen
“E ymologischen
Wé6 e buch
de
li auischen
Sp ache”
sind
Ablei ungen
g iindliche
zu
un e suchen:
so
en sp ich
die
in
de
“Pos ille”
on
M.
DaukSa
o handene
Ablei ung
li .
be niské
genau
dem
go .
ba niski
‘Kindhei ’.
Das
in
den li auischen
Dialek en
o liegende
gibu as
und
in
den
weiB ussischen
6y op
is
ein
Beispiel
de
seman ischen
De i a ion
‘Hiigel’
—
‘Wolke’.
Das
einen
geog aphischen
Beg i
bezeichnende
Wo
beginn
man
ii
die
Benennung
eines
me eo ologischen
Beg i s
zu
geb auchen.
Au
diese
seman ischen
Beziehung
g iinden
die
Beweise,
da8
die
U heima
de
Indoeu opae
in
einem
be gigen
Gebie
lag.
Dach
die
Ta sache,
daB
die
li auischen
und
weiB ussischen
Isoglossen
au
de
Os eu opaischen
Ebene
en s anden
sind,
wi d
als
Gegenbeweis
wah end
Diskussionen
e wende .
Das
P oblem
de
Ablei ungen
ih e
Fo m
und
Seman ik
nach
e dien
g oBe
Au me ksamkei
in
den
ii
e ymologische
W6 e biiche
de
bal ischen
und
slawischen
Sp achen
bes imm en
Un e suchungen.
Diese
le z e en
geben
g éBe e
MéOglichkei en,
sich
nich
allein
in
den
Wo scha z
gewisse
Sp achen
bzw.
Sp achg uppen
zu
e ie en,
sonde n
auch
in
den
de
indoeu opaischen
Sp ach amilie.
19