B
Regula o y o e sigh
o nuclea sa e y in
Finland
Annual epo 2019
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
E ja Kainulainen (ed.)
978-952-309-459-8 (pd )
ISSN 2243-1896
Regula o y o e sigh o
nuclea sa e y in Finland
Annual epo 2019
E ja Kainulainen (ed.)
4STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
ISBN 978-952-309-459-8 (pd )
ISSN 2243-1896
5
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
E ja Kainulainen (ed.). Regula o y o e sigh o nuclea sa e y in Finland. Annual epo 2019.
STUK-B 248, Helsinki 2020, 105 p.
KEYWORDS: nuclea ene gy, nuclea acili y, nuclea was e, nuclea sa egua ds,
egula o y o e sigh
In oduc ion
This epo is a epo on egula o y o e sigh in he ield o nuclea ene gy p o ided by
he Radia ion and Nuclea Sa e y Au ho i y (STUK) o he Minis y o Economic A ai s
and Employmen once a yea as equi ed by Sec ion 121 o he Nuclea Ene gy Dec ee. The
epo will also be p o ided o he Minis y o Social A ai s and Heal h, he Minis y o he
En i onmen , he Finnish En i onmen Ins i u e and o he en i onmen al au ho i ies o he
nuclea acili y municipali ies.
The epo is a summa y o egula o y o e sigh o sa e y in he use o nuclea ene gy
pe o med by STUK and o he ela ed esul s in 2019. The egula o y o e sigh conce ned he
design, cons uc ion and ope a ion o nuclea acili ies, decommissioning planning, nuclea
was e managemen and nuclea sa egua ds.
In addi ion o ac ual egula o y o e sigh o sa e y, he epo desc ibes, among o he
hings, he de elopmen and implemen a ion o he egula ions conce ning he use o nuclea
ene gy du ing he yea and he main cha ac e is ics o he sa e y esea ch p og ammes
pe aining o nuclea sa e y and nuclea was e managemen in Finland.
The annexes o he epo con ain signi ican e en s a he nuclea powe plan s and
inspec ion summa ies o STUK’s inspec ion p og ammes. In addi ion, a summa y o he
licences acco dan wi h he Nuclea Ene gy Ac g an ed by STUK in 2019, as equi ed by he
Nuclea Ene gy Dec ee, is appended o he epo .
STUK’s Financial S a emen s and Annual Repo 2019 includes an assessmen o mee ing
he pe o mance a ge s unde he pe o mance ag eemen be ween he Minis y o Social
A ai s and Heal h and STUK also in iew o egula o y o e sigh in he use o nuclea ene gy.
6STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
Con en s
INTRODUCTION 5
1 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATIONS 9
2 RESULTS OF REGULATORY OVERSIGHT OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES IN 2019 13
2.1 LOVIISA 1 AND 2 13
2.1.1 SAFE OPERATION OF THE PLANT 13
2.1.2 TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE PLANT AND PREPARING FOR EXCEPTIONAL EVENTS 19
2.1.3 ORGANISATIONAL OPERATIONS AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT 21
2.2 OLKILUOTO 1 AND 2 22
2.2.1 SAFE OPERATION OF THE PLANT 22
2.2.2 TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE PLANT AND PREPARING FOR EXCEPTIONAL EVENTS 26
2.2.3 ORGANISATIONAL OPERATIONS AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT 28
2.3 OLKILUOTO 3 28
2.3.1 PROCESSING OF THE OPERATING LICENCE APPLICATION 29
2.3.2 REVIEW OF OTHER LICENSING DOCUMENTS 30
2.3.3 MANUFACTURE, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION 30
2.3.4 OVERSIGHT OF COMMISSIONING 31
2.3.5 OVERSIGHT OF PREPARATION FOR OPERATION 32
7
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.4 HANHIKIVI 1 34
2.4.1 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY CULTURE 35
2.4.2 PLANT SITE AND TECHNOLOGY 35
2.4.3 SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS 36
2.4.4 NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT 37
2.4.5 NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS 37
2.5 RESEARCH REACTOR 37
2.6 SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL ENCAPSULATION AND DISPOSAL FACILITY 38
2.6.1 CONSTRUCTION OF THE DISPOSAL FACILITY 39
2.6.2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE ENCAPSULATION PLANT 39
2.6.3 OVERSIGHT OF REQUIREMENTS SET AT THE CONSTRUCTION LICENCE PHASE AND POSIVA’S
DEVELOPMENT WORK 39
2.6.4 ORGANISATIONAL OPERATIONS AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT 40
2.6.5 PREPARATIONS FOR THE OPERATING LICENCE PHASE 41
2.7 TERRAFAME 42
2.8 OTHER OPERATORS 43
3 SAFETY RESEARCH 45
4 OVERSIGHT OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES IN FIGURES 50
4.1 PROCESSING OF MATTERS 50
4.2 INSPECTIONS AT NUCLEAR FACILITY SITES AND SUPPLIERS’ PREMISES 50
4.3 FINANCES AND RESOURCES 52
5 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 55
8STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 1 OBJECTS OF REGULATION 60
APPENDIX 2 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS 65
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS 2019 73
APPENDIX 4 CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF OLKILUOTO 3 IN 2019 93
APPENDIX 5 INSPECTIONS PERTAINING TO THEPROCESSING OF FENNOVOIMA’S CONSTRUCTION LICENCE
APPLICATION 2019 96
APPENDIX 6 CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION PROGRAMME FOR THE ENCAPSULATION PLANT AND THE
DISPOSAL FACILITY 2019 99
APPENDIX 7 LICENCES STUK HAS GRANTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NUCLEAR ENERGY ACT IN 2019 102
9
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
1 De elopmen and implemen a ion
o he egula ions
Amendmen s o he Nuclea Ene gy Ac and he Nuclea Ene gy Dec ee
The amendmen s on he secu i y a angemen s pe aining o he use o nuclea ene gy we e
p epa ed as pa o he Nuclea Ene gy Ac ’s (990/1987) amendmen bill (HE 93/2017), which
implemen ed he equi emen s o he EU Nuclea Sa e y Di ec i e’s amendmen (2014/87/
Eu a om) and supplemen ed he implemen a ion o he Spen Fuel and Radioac i e Was e
Di ec i e (2011/70/Eu a om) due o he supplemen a y ques ions by he Commission. A
he same ime, he decommissioning licence was also added o he ac as a new licensing
phase o nuclea acili ies, and changes we e made in iew o nuclea was e managemen .
Howe e , ollowing he ound o opinions in sp ing 2017, he ma e s conce ning he secu i y
a angemen s pe aining o he use o nuclea ene gy we e wi hd awn om he amendmen
bill, as he e was s ill a need o con inue he basic p epa a ion o he amendmen bill o
he ac and, due o scheduling easons, he amendmen s equi ed by he di ec i e had o be
implemen ed as soon as possible, which ook place on 1 Janua y 2018.
The p epa a ion o he p oposed amendmen on he secu i y a angemen s pe aining
o he use o nuclea ene gy has con inued h ough coope a ion be ween he Minis y o
Economic A ai s and Employmen (MEAE) and he Radia ion and Nuclea Sa e y Au ho i y
(STUK). The bill p oposes o amend he Nuclea Ene gy Ac , he Secu i y Clea ance Ac and he
Mining Ac . A ound o opinions was a anged on he p oposal d a be ween 15 No embe 2018
and 16 Janua y 2019. The main objec i e o he p oposal is o imp o e nuclea and adia ion
sa e y by esponding o he new iden i ied secu i y h ea s ha canno be add essed and
p e en ed wi h he powe s o cu en legisla ion. The p oposal also aims o de elop p o isions
ega ding he secu i y a angemen s, conside ing in pa icula he equi emen s o he Finnish
Cons i u ion and, also, legisla ion in he p i a e secu i y se ices. F om a cons i u ional poin
o iew, he objec i e is o b ing egula ion o he co ec le el and o ende i su icien ly
p ecise, while aking in o accoun he ul ilmen o basic igh s and he equi emen s se o
hei limi a ion. In addi ion, he objec i e is o ha monise he p o isions o he Nuclea Ene gy
Ac and he Mining Ac wi h he changed gene al legisla ion and o b ing legisla ion ully in
line wi h he Spen Fuel and Radioac i e Was e Di ec i e, wi h ega d o which i is necessa y
o speci y he ac as ega ds aking esea ch samples o nuclea was e o esea ch pu poses
ou side he ju isdic ion o Finland, which a e no in ended o be b ough back o inal
disposal. The amendmen bill o he ac will be submi ed o a ound o opinions la e in 2019
and i will be submi ed o he Go e nmen in Feb ua y 2020.
The Nuclea Ene gy Dec ee (161/1988) was amended a he beginning o 2018 due o
changes made o he Nuclea Ene gy Ac and he new Ac on En i onmen al Impac
Assessmen P ocedu e (252/2017). Speci ying p o isions we e added o he dec ee ega ding
16 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.1 LOVIISA 1 JA 2
Ope a ional e en s and ope a ing expe ience eedback
Fo um iden i ies e en s a he plan and ini ia es e en in es iga ions o de e mine he
causes and o imp o e he plan and he ope a ions. A es amen o his is he ac ha Fo um
epo ed he esul s o 18 e en analyses and in es iga ions o STUK in 2019. Some o he e en s
a e e en s ha ook place in 2018. Two e en in es iga ions examined a heme ha eme ged
a se e al e en s (managemen o p e en i e main enance equi ed by he Ope a ional Limi s
and Condi ions (OLC)) o o which Fo um wan ed o o m an o e all pic u e o he si ua ion
and he a ge s o de elopmen (loose pieces in annual ou age 2018). O he e en analyses and
in es iga ions conce ned indi idual e en s. Mos o he e en s e ealed a eas o imp o emen
in p ocedu es and ac i i ies. Fo example, one e en su aced sho comings in he design
and implemen a ion o he upda ed cooling wa e lines o he eme gency diesel gene a o s.
Fo um will in es iga e his e en in wo phases: he la e phase ( oo cause analysis) will be
comple ed in ea ly 2020. This e en is desc ibed in mo e de ail in Appendix 2.
By e iewing he esul s o he e en analyses and in es iga ions, STUK e i ied ha Fo um
had in es iga ed he unde lying causes o he e en s and ini ia ed he necessa y ac ions o
co ec echnical aul s and de iciencies in i s ope a ions and p e en eoccu ence o he
e en s. STUK did no en i ely sha e he iew o Fo um on he na u e o wo e en s (acco ding
o STUK’s iew, si ua ions in iola ion o he OLC). The iew di e ences will be discussed
be ween STUK and he licensee in o de o mu ually lea n om hem. In one case, STUK
submi ed i s own obse a ions o be aken in o accoun in he mo e ex ensi e in es iga ion
launched by Fo um. In o he espec s, STUK conside ed he e en analyses and in es iga ions
o Fo um su icien .
STUK inspec ed he e ec s o e en in es iga ions in 2018 because de ia ions ela ing o
he same a ea had ecu ed. STUK concluded, based on he inspec ion, ha Fo um had no
comp ehensi ely analysed he easons o he ecu ence al hough p oblems had been cla i ied
and co ec ed h ough e en in es iga ions. Based on he inspec ion, STUK equi ed ha
Fo um imp o e lea ning om hei ope a ing expe ience. STUK also in ensi ied egula o y
o e sigh wi h ega d o his opic and con inued i o he whole yea o 2019. A he end o
he yea , i was oo ea ly o assess he e ec i eness o he measu es launched by Fo um.
Annual ou ages and main enance ope a ions
The annual ou ages o he plan uni s we e implemen ed as planned in e ms o nuclea and
adia ion sa e y. In addi ion o e uelling and modi ica ions, a la ge numbe o main enance
measu es and inspec ions a e ca ied ou du ing each annual ou age o ensu e he sa e and
eliable ope a ion o he powe plan .
In he sho annual ou ages o 2019, he mos impo an modi ica ion as a as STUK
was conce ned was he modi ica ion o he cooling pipes ins alled in 2018 o he Lo iisa 2
eme gency diesel gene a o s. In summe 2019, leaks we e obse ed in he piping o one diesel a
Lo iisa 2 esul ing om excessi e ib a ion o he diesel cooling piping, which is why Fo um
in es iga ed he ope a ional condi ion o all Lo iisa 2 diesel cooling pipes wi h analyses and
es s, and planned and implemen ed he necessa y epai s be o e he s a -up o he plan uni .
STUK e i ied Fo um’s measu es, p ocessed Fo um’s epo s and app o ed he co ec ions
made. The plan did no ecei e STUK’s au ho isa ion o s a -up un il he e was absolu e
17
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.1 LOVIISA 1 JA 2
ce ain y ha all diesels a Lo iisa 2 we e ully ope a ional in case o a long- e m 72-hou need.
O iginally, he in en was o make he same modi ica ion o he diesel cooling pipes a Lo iisa 1
ha was made a Lo iisa 2 in 2018. Due o he indings made a Lo iisa 2 and he modi ica ions
made du ing he annual ou age in 2019, he modi ica ion wo k o Lo iisa 1 was ans e ed o
he annual ou age o 2020, so ha ope a ing expe ience can be ga he ed om Lo iisa 2’s design
solu ions and he plans upda ed.
Mo e in o ma ion on he annual ou ages is a ailable in Appendix 2, and a summa y o he
pa o he pe iodic inspec ion p og amme is included in Appendix 3.
Ope a ional was e managemen
The p ocessing, s o age and disposal o low and in e media e le el was e (ope a ional was e)
a he Lo iisa powe plan we e ca ied ou as planned. The olume and ac i i y o ope a ional
was e in ela ion o eac o powe emained low compa ed wi h mos o he coun ies.
De elopmen p ojec s a he powe plan ha e p og essed, o example, he managemen and
s o age o liquid was e and he solidi ica ion o liquid was e. The de elopmen p ojec s aim
a imp o ing ope a ional e iciency and educing he amoun o solidi ied was e needing inal
disposal. In connec ion wi h his opic, STUK ca ied ou an ope a ional o e sigh inspec ion
a ge ing he solidi ica ion o liquid was e in he sp ing, co e ing he solidi ica ion p ocedu es,
ope a ing expe ience and de elopmen p ojec s conce ning he solidi ica ion o liquid was e.
No cause o ema ks was ound in he inspec ion.
In Oc obe , STUK ca ied ou a pe iodic inspec ion a ge ing he disposal acili ies,
assessing, among o he hings, he disposal acili ies and hei use and he moni o ing esul s
ega ding he p ope ies and s abili y o he ock su ounding he acili ies. The inspec ion
summa y is p o ided in Appendix 3.
STUK app o ed he commissioning o he solidi ied was e space o he inal disposal acili y
o low and in e media e le el was e a he end o 2019, which allows commencing he inal
disposal o conc e e was e packages. In acco dance wi h he licence issued by STUK in 2018,
Fo um has been able o place conc e e was e packages o solidi ied was e in in e im s o age in
one main enance was e space ac ing as he disposal eposi o y o low le el was e. The licence
is alid un il he end o 2021. By ha ime, Fo um will ans e he packages o he solidi ied
was e space.
Fo um submi ed o STUK an upda ed long- e m sa e y case o he Lo iisa disposal
eposi o y o low and in e media e le el was e in la e 2018. This ma e ial was supplemen ed
in June. STUK app o ed he sa e y case o he Lo iisa powe plan ’s inal disposal acili y o
low and in e media e le el was e a he end o 2019. In he sa e y case, Fo um demons a ed
ha he long- e m sa e y equi emen s o he exis ing pa o he inal disposal acili y a e
me and he planned ex ension o he inal disposal acili y can be implemen ed in a way o
mee he long- e m sa e y equi emen s. Howe e , Fo um has o u he de elop he long-
e m sa e y case by cla i ying he sa e y a gumen s and he ela ed me hods and by dec easing
he unce ain ies ela ed o he pe o mance o he enginee ed ba ie s. In addi ion, Fo um
submi ed a epo on he long- e m sa e y impac o he quali y non-con o mances in
conc e e obse ed in 2018 wi h ega d o he commissioning o he solidi ied was e space.
18 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.1 LOVIISA 1 JA 2
Fo um submi ed o STUK o assessmen an upda ed decommissioning plan o he
Lo iisa nuclea powe plan a he end o 2018. This ma e ial was supplemen ed in Feb ua y.
STUK app o ed he decommissioning plan o he plan in au umn 2019.
The o e sigh and inspec ions by STUK indica e ha powe plan was e managemen a he
Lo iisa plan has been de eloped and as a whole mee s he equi emen s.
Nuclea sa egua ds
STUK g an ed Fo um h ee licences conce ning he use o nuclea commodi ies (Appendix 7).
STUK app o ed he upda ed e sion o Fo um’s nuclea sa egua ds manual. In he
manual, Fo um desc ibes how he nuclea sa egua ds o he Lo iisa nuclea powe plan
uni s ha e been o ganised. Fo um submi ed he nuclea sa egua ds epo s and no i ica ions
i was esponsible o in ime, and hey we e consis en wi h he obse a ions made du ing
inspec ions.
In 2019, a o al o 9 nuclea sa egua ds inspec ions we e conduc ed a he Lo iisa powe
plan . STUK pe o med an inspec ion pe aining o he physical in en o y e i ica ion o
nuclea ma e ials oge he wi h he IAEA and he Eu opean Commission bo h be o e and a e
he annual ou ages. Fu he mo e, STUK inspec ed he posi ioning o he uel assemblies in he
eac o s o Lo iisa 1 and Lo iisa 2 p io o he closing o he eac o p essu e essel lids. The
IAEA and he Commission ca ied ou one inspec ion on sho no ice in he ma e ial balance
a ea a he Lo iisa powe plan . No ema ks we e made in he inspec ions.
The o e sigh and inspec ions by STUK indica ed ha he Lo iisa plan ul illed i s nuclea
sa egua d obliga ions in 2019.
Nuclea secu i y
The o e sigh indica ed ha he le el o secu i y a angemen s a he Lo iisa plan has
emained good and he a angemen s ha e been pu pose ully de eloped.
In 2019, STUK pe o med one pe iodic inspec ion o secu i y a angemen s, which
conce ned physical p o ec ion o he use o nuclea ene gy and he sa e y o he adia ion
sou ces in iew o he sa e y licence o he plan and he secu i y a angemen s o he use o
adia ion. In e ms o he adia ion sou ces, he mos signi ican issue was he assessmen o
he new equi emen s o he new Radia ion Ac , o which STUK equi ed u he measu es.
The secu i y a angemen s we e also pa o wo o he inspec ions, when STUK inspec ed
he secu i y a angemen s a he plan du ing he annual ou age in he pe iodic inspec ion
o he annual ou age and p ocessed in he PRA inspec ion he use o analyses o de elop he
secu i y a angemen s. No equi emen s conce ning he physical p o ec ion o he use o
nuclea ene gy we e p esen ed in he inspec ions. The summa y o he inspec ions is p o ided
in Appendix 3.
Fi e sa e y
Fi e sa e y a he Lo iisa powe plan is a a good le el. In 2019, STUK o e saw he i e sa e y
o he powe plan by means o si e isi s and by e iewing epo s submi ed by Fo um.
The o e sigh ocused on he implemen a ion o i e p o ec ion a angemen s du ing annual
ou ages.
19
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.1 LOVIISA 1 JA 2
2.1.2 Technical condi ion o he plan and p epa ing o excep ional e en s
De elopmen o he plan and i s sa e y
Se e al e o m p ojec s ha will imp o e plan sa e y a e cu en ly in p og ess a he Lo iisa
nuclea powe plan . The mos signi ican o hese was he I&C e o m o he Lo iisa plan ,
which was implemen ed in 2016–2018. The las wo k asks in he mode nisa ion o seconda y
ci cui sa e y unc ions, associa ed wi h he I&C e o m, we e comple ed a he same ime,
which means ha he con ol o he mos impo an sa e y unc ions o he plan has now
been comple ely mode nised.
Fo um s a ed he p e-ins alla ion wo k o he new pola c anes o he eac o halls o
he Lo iisa powe plan a he end o 2017 a Lo iisa 2. The ins alla ion and commissioning
a Lo iisa 2 we e comple ed in Ap il 2018. A Lo iisa 1, he p e-ins alla ion o he pola c ane
s a ed in Decembe , and he c ane was ins alled and commissioned in la e sp ing 2019. STUK
moni o ed he smoo hness o li s du ing he annual ou ages as in he p e ious yea .
The modi ica ions s a ed a e he assessmen s done due o he Fukushima acciden
we e inalised in 2019. These included, in pa icula , he ins alla ion o an addi ional sys em
o ensu ing he cooling o uel pools and spen uel s o age pools unde highly excep ional
condi ions, which was s a ed in 2017. The sys em was comple ed wi h ega d o mechanical
pa s in he 2018 annual ou age. The 2019 annual ou age co e ed he ins alla ion o he pump
and I&C. The inal commissioning will be comple ed a he beginning o 2020, when he
pump bed, which caused excessi e ib a ion in p e-ope a ional es ing du ing he 2019 annual
ou age, has been epai ed. Changes o he p ocedu es will be implemen ed a e he sys em
commissioning.
Du ing he annual ou age, modi ica ions ela ed o he wa e empe a u e o he sp ay
sys em inside he con ainmen we e also made o inc ease he calcula ed cold c ack ma gin o
he eac o p essu e essel in he mos es ic i e si ua ion (unexpec ed cold wa e sp aying
du ing powe ope a ion on he mos c i ical weld a ea o he eac o p essu e essel). This is an
imp o emen measu e speci ied in connec ion wi h he pe iodic sa e y assessmen o 2015 due
o he small cold c ack ma gin o he eac o p essu e essel o Lo iisa 2.
Fo um also p omo ed many o i s mode nisa ion p ojec s ela ed o ageing managemen in
2019. These include he diesel I&C e o m, eac o hall e uelling machine and low- equency
ans o me s o he con ol od mechanisms. The s a o he diesel I&C e o m was pos poned
o he 2020 annual ou age, du ing which i will be ca ied ou a he same ime as he e o m o
he diesel cooling pipes.
Ageing managemen as a p og amme and he ela ed imp o emen p ojec s, such as he
abo e-men ioned managemen o he cold c ack ma gin o he eac o p essu e essel, and
he ageing managemen o he I&C sys ems and mode nisa ion o he e uelling machine will
con inue o play an impo an ole, om STUK’s poin o iew, also in he u u e, as he new
pe iodic sa e y assessmen is being p ocessed.
Repo s and analyses
In o de o u he speci y he ea hquake isk o he Lo iisa powe plan , Fo um upda ed he
seismic haza d epo s and he ea hquake esponse spec um du ing 2017. These se e as he
20 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.1 LOVIISA 1 JA 2
basis o he seismic plan walk-a ound equi ed in connec ion wi h he implemen a ion o he
YVL Guides. Fo um implemen ed he plan walk-a ound in 2018. Fo um compiled he esul s
and submi ed hem o STUK o app o al in sp ing 2019.
Fo um submi ed o STUK also he eupda ed seismic haza d epo s in sp ing 2019,
acco ding o which he expec ed g ound accele a ions a e highe han p e iously es ima ed.
The g ound esponse spec um de e mined in he haza d epo is needed as a s a ing poin
o seismic du abili y assessmen s o buildings and equipmen . The p ocessing o he epo s
ega ding he seismic haza d will con inue in 2020. Once he g ound esponse spec um
has been de ini i ely de e mined, Fo um can use i o calcula e he agili y analyses o
he seismic du abili y o buildings and equipmen . Based on hese, he plan ’s p obabilis ic
isk assessmen ega ding seismic e en s will be upda ed and, whe e app op ia e, co ec i e
measu es will be speci ied o ensu e ha he equipmen c i ical o sa e y will wi hs and he
plan ’s upda ed design basis ea hquake. This in ol es long- e m and ex ensi e wo k, which
has been sys ema ically p omo ed by Fo um.
In 2019, Fo um has also upda ed o he analyses ela ed o he coming pe iodic sa e y
assessmen . These ha e included an upda e o he p obabili y-based b i le ac u e analysis o
he eac o p essu e essel and upda es o he analyses o powe -s a e se e e eac o acciden s.
Eme gency a angemen s
STUK o e saw he abili y o he Lo iisa powe plan eme gency esponse o ganisa ion o
ac unde excep ional condi ions by making inspec ion isi s and e iewing epo s and
eme gency esponse plan upda es submi ed by Fo um. A pe iodic inspec ion was also
p epa ed on eme gency ac i i ies, he summa y o which is p esen ed in Appendix 3. No e en s
equi ing eme gency esponse ac ions ook place a he Lo iisa powe plan in 2019.
In No embe , an ex ensi e co-ope a ion exe cise, which is o ganised e e y h ee yea s,
was o ganised a he plan in ol ing 48 o ganisa ions. The exe cise was success ul in e ms
o key objec i es. When he exe cise was assessed, possible de elopmen a eas o he plan ’s
eme gency esponse o ganisa ion included u he de elopmen o he con amina ion
managemen p ocedu es esul ing om a possible elease and es ablishing a join iew o
he si ua ion o he plan and au ho i ies. Eme gency p epa edness a angemen s a he
Lo iisa powe plan ha e been sys ema ically de eloped, and he plan ’s eme gency esponse
a angemen s comply wi h all he key equi emen s.
21
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.1 LOVIISA 1 JA 2
2.1.3 O ganisa ional ope a ions and quali y managemen
In 2019, STUK moni o ed Fo um’s compe ence managemen , de elopmen o he p ocess-
based managemen sys em and especially he p ocu emen p ocess and he s a e o he
assessmen and de elopmen ac i i ies ela ed o he sa e y cul u e. The summa ies o pe iodic
inspec ions ega ding he managemen sys em, human esou ces, compe ence, managemen
and sa e y cul u e a e included in Appendix 3.
STUK also commissioned a su ey om VTT in 2018 on he managemen o human ac o s
a he Lo iisa powe plan . The esul s o he esea ch p ojec we e ob ained in ea ly sp ing
2019. Acco ding o he su ey, he o e all iew o he human ac o and i s managemen has
imp o ed a he Lo iisa plan , bu he inal change will s ill ake ime. The ecommenda ions
o he su ey epo ega ded a clea e implemen a ion o he Human Pe o mance ools,
measu emen o human ac o s, dissemina ion o good p ac ices o di e en eams wi hin
he o ganisa ion and ways o manage wo kload. The epo indica es imp o ed people
managemen as a s eng h o he Lo iisa powe plan . STUK will moni o he p og ess o
Fo um’s de elopmen measu es.
Fo um has de eloped compe ence managemen o e a long pe iod o ime, bu i has
p og essed slowe han expec ed. STUK will con inue o moni o he de elopmen p ojec
in 2020. In he 2019 pe iodic inspec ion o compe ence managemen , he ocus was on he
e eshe aining and depu yship a angemen s o pe sons ope a ing in sa e y- ela ed asks in
acco dance wi h he adminis a i e ules, which we e ound o be app op ia e.
The de elopmen wo k o he p ocess-like managemen sys em o he Lo iisa plan has
p og essed, bu i will equi e u he e o s, o example, in iew o he p ocu emen p ocess.
STUK will moni o he de elopmen .
The e ha e been no signi ican changes in Fo um’s managemen and sa e y cul u e du ing
he yea . As a whole, he si ua ion is accep able, bu he e has been oom o imp o emen in
he assessmen ac i i ies o sa e y cul u e, o example. Fo um has ackled he ma e and
s eng hened esou ces in la e 2019. O e he yea s, Fo um has also de eloped i s decision-
making p ocedu es in he igh di ec ion. Fo um is implemen ing de elopmen measu es in
he a ea o supplie managemen o he Lo iisa powe plan , especially in e ms o supplie
sa e y cul u e. STUK will moni o hese de elopmen measu es as well as he de elopmen
wo k on sa e y cul u e and he adequacy o esou ces as pa o i s o e sigh ac i i ies.
Fo um has been sys ema ically de eloping p ojec ac i i ies based on lessons lea n in he
p e ious yea s. In e ms o p ojec ac i i ies and esou ces, he wo kload has clea ly s abilised
a e he majo modi ica ions in 2018, and he wo k ca ied o e o 2019 has p og essed
acco ding o plans.
22 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.2 Olkiluo o 1 and 2
STUK o e saw he sa e y o he Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan and assessed i s o ganisa ion in
di e en a eas by e iewing ma e ials p o ided by he licensee, ca ying ou inspec ions in line
wi h he pe iodic inspec ion p og amme and he YVL Guides, and by o e seeing ope a ions a
he plan . Summa ies o inspec ions included in he pe iodic inspec ion p og amme o 2019
a e included in Appendix 3.
On he basis o his egula o y o e sigh , STUK can s a e ha as ega ds adia ion exposu e,
he plan ’s ac i i ies we e sa e o he employees, he popula ion and he en i onmen .
2.2.1 Sa e ope a ion o he plan
Radia ion sa e y o he plan , pe sonnel and en i onmen
The collec i e occupa ional adia ion dose o he employees in 2019 was 0.19 manS a
Olkiluo o 1 and 0.46 manS a Olkiluo o 2. Mos o his accumula ed om wo k comple ed
du ing he annual ou ages (0.13 manS a Olkiluo o 1 and 0.40 manS a Olkiluo o 2).
Acco ding o he Go e nmen Dec ee on Ionising Radia ion (1034/2018) ha en e ed in o
o ce in Decembe 2018, he e ec i e adia ion dose o pe sons engaged in adia ion wo k mus
no exceed 20 mS pe yea . The ac ual indi idual adia ion doses emained clea ly below his
limi . The la ges annual dose a he Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan was 7,5 mS .
Radioac i e eleases in o he ai and sea emained clea ly below he se limi s. The
calcula ed adia ion dose o he mos exposed indi idual in he icini y o he plan was less
han 1% o he limi o 100 mic osie e s se in he Nuclea Ene gy Dec ee (161/1988).
A o al o app oxima ely 390 samples we e collec ed and analysed om he land and ma ine
en i onmen su ounding he Olkiluo o powe plan in 2019. Small amoun s o adioac i e
subs ances o igina ing om he plan we e obse ed in some o he analysed en i onmen al
samples. The measu ed concen a ions we e so low ha hey a e insigni ican in e ms o
adia ion sa e y o he en i onmen o people. The exposu e o adioac i i y o esiden s in he
icini y o he nuclea powe plan was also measu ed. No adioac i e subs ances o igina ing
om he Olkiluo o powe plan we e de ec ed in hem.
Olkiluo o
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
manS
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
FIGURE 6. Collec i e occupa ional doses since he s a o ope a ion o he Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan .
FIGURE 7. Noble gas eleases o he a mosphe e (K -87 eq), Olkiluo o.
1.00E+12
1.00E+11
1.00E+10
1.00E+9
1.00E+8
1.00E+7
1.00E+6
1.00E+5
1.00E+4
1.00E+3
9.40E+ 07 1.70E+ 06 21.70E+ 07 9.08E+ 07 2.50E+ 05 8.46E+ 04 1.55E+ 09 8.71E+ 08 4.94E+ 08 7.55E+ 08
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
I-131 eq OL iodine
Annual limi 1.03E + 11 Bq
FIGURE 8. Iodine iso ope eleases o he a mosphe e (I-131), Olkiluo o.
5,81E+ 11 1,24E+ 12 1,21E+ 12 2,17E+ 11 1,00E -06 1,00E -06 9,69E+ 12 3,43E+ 12 9,06E+ 11 1,76E+ 12
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
K -87 eq OL noble gas
Annual limi 9.42E + 15 Bq
1.00E+17
1.00E+16
1.00E+15
1.00E+14
1.00E+13
1.00E+12
1.00E+11
1.00E+10
1.00E+9
1.00E+8
1.00E+7
23
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.2 OLKILUOTO 1 AND 2
2.2 Olkiluo o 1 and 2
STUK o e saw he sa e y o he Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan and assessed i s o ganisa ion in
di e en a eas by e iewing ma e ials p o ided by he licensee, ca ying ou inspec ions in line
wi h he pe iodic inspec ion p og amme and he YVL Guides, and by o e seeing ope a ions a
he plan . Summa ies o inspec ions included in he pe iodic inspec ion p og amme o 2019
a e included in Appendix 3.
On he basis o his egula o y o e sigh , STUK can s a e ha as ega ds adia ion exposu e,
he plan ’s ac i i ies we e sa e o he employees, he popula ion and he en i onmen .
2.2.1 Sa e ope a ion o he plan
Radia ion sa e y o he plan , pe sonnel and en i onmen
The collec i e occupa ional adia ion dose o he employees in 2019 was 0.19 manS a
Olkiluo o 1 and 0.46 manS a Olkiluo o 2. Mos o his accumula ed om wo k comple ed
du ing he annual ou ages (0.13 manS a Olkiluo o 1 and 0.40 manS a Olkiluo o 2).
Acco ding o he Go e nmen Dec ee on Ionising Radia ion (1034/2018) ha en e ed in o
o ce in Decembe 2018, he e ec i e adia ion dose o pe sons engaged in adia ion wo k mus
no exceed 20 mS pe yea . The ac ual indi idual adia ion doses emained clea ly below his
limi . The la ges annual dose a he Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan was 7,5 mS .
Radioac i e eleases in o he ai and sea emained clea ly below he se limi s. The
calcula ed adia ion dose o he mos exposed indi idual in he icini y o he plan was less
han 1% o he limi o 100 mic osie e s se in he Nuclea Ene gy Dec ee (161/1988).
A o al o app oxima ely 390 samples we e collec ed and analysed om he land and ma ine
en i onmen su ounding he Olkiluo o powe plan in 2019. Small amoun s o adioac i e
subs ances o igina ing om he plan we e obse ed in some o he analysed en i onmen al
samples. The measu ed concen a ions we e so low ha hey a e insigni ican in e ms o
adia ion sa e y o he en i onmen o people. The exposu e o adioac i i y o esiden s in he
icini y o he nuclea powe plan was also measu ed. No adioac i e subs ances o igina ing
om he Olkiluo o powe plan we e de ec ed in hem.
Olkiluo o
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
manS
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
FIGURE 6. Collec i e occupa ional doses since he s a o ope a ion o he Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan .
FIGURE 7. Noble gas eleases o he a mosphe e (K -87 eq), Olkiluo o.
1.00E+12
1.00E+11
1.00E+10
1.00E+9
1.00E+8
1.00E+7
1.00E+6
1.00E+5
1.00E+4
1.00E+3
9.40E+ 07 1.70E+ 06 21.70E+ 07 9.08E+ 07 2.50E+ 05 8.46E+ 04 1.55E+ 09 8.71E+ 08 4.94E+ 08 7.55E+ 08
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
I-131 eq OL iodine
Annual limi 1.03E + 11 Bq
FIGURE 8. Iodine iso ope eleases o he a mosphe e (I-131), Olkiluo o.
5,81E+ 11 1,24E+ 12 1,21E+ 12 2,17E+ 11 1,00E -06 1,00E -06 9,69E+ 12 3,43E+ 12 9,06E+ 11 1,76E+ 12
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
K -87 eq OL noble gas
Annual limi 9.42E + 15 Bq
1.00E+17
1.00E+16
1.00E+15
1.00E+14
1.00E+13
1.00E+12
1.00E+11
1.00E+10
1.00E+9
1.00E+8
1.00E+7
Ope a ional e en s and ope a ing expe ience eedback
TVO epo ed he esul s o 13 e en analyses and in es iga ions o STUK in 2019. As a
conclusion, STUK can s a e ha TVO iden i ies ope a ional e en s a he plan s and ini ia es
e en in es iga ions o de e mine he causes and o imp o e he plan and he ope a ion. Mos
o he e en s e ealed a eas o imp o emen in p ocedu es and ac i i ies. The mos impo an
ope a ional e en s a e desc ibed in Appendix 2.
By e iewing he esul s o he e en analyses and in es iga ions, STUK e i ied ha TVO
had in es iga ed he unde lying causes o he e en s and ini ia ed he necessa y ac ions
o co ec echnical aul s and de iciencies in i s ope a ional me hods and o p e en he
eoccu ence o he e en s. STUK equi ed u he in o ma ion on wo e en s. In o he
espec s, STUK deemed TVO’s e en analyses and in es iga ions su icien .
E en in es iga ions and he implemen a ion o he measu es speci ied he ein a e pa
o lea ning om own ope a ing expe ience. Lea ning om own ope a ing expe ience also
includes impac assessmen and o e all analysis. Based on a ew e en s o 2019, i can be
assessed ha he e is s ill oom o imp o emen in lea ning om own ope a ing expe iences,
24 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.2 OLKILUOTO 1 AND 2
as he unde lying ac o s a e he same as in p e ious e en s. STUK equi ed imp o ed lea ning
om own ope a ing expe ience al eady in he 2017 inspec ion, a e which TVO has speci ied
and implemen ed co ec i e measu es o de elop i s ope a ions. Th ough i s o e sigh
ac i i ies, STUK moni o s he p og ess o TVO.
Annual ou ages and main enance ope a ions
The annual ou ages o he plan uni s we e implemen ed as planned in e ms o nuclea and
adia ion sa e y. STUK o e saw he annual ou ages om hei design o he s a -up o he
plan uni s. A la ge numbe o main enance measu es and inspec ions a e also ca ied ou
du ing each annual ou age o ensu e he sa e and eliable ope a ion o he powe plan . Non-
des uc i e in-se ice inspec ions o p essu e equipmen we e implemen ed in compliance
wi h an in-se ice inspec ion p og amme app o ed by STUK. A p essu e es o he eac o
p essu e essel was also ca ied ou a Olkiluo o 2. STUK equi ed he comple ion o he es
in acco dance wi h p essu e equipmen legisla ion in he s a emen gi en on he ope a ing
1.00E+9
1.00E+10
1.00E+11
1.00E+12
1.00E+8
1.00E+7
1.00E+6
1.00E+5
1.00E+4
1.17E+ 07 1.09E+ 07 1.88E+ 07 1.99E+ 07 7.20E+ 06 1.66E+ 07 2.41E+ 11 2.55E+ 10 5.52E+ 08 5.71E+ 07
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Bq OL ae osols
FIGURE 9. Ae osol eleases o he a mosphe e (Bq), Olkiluo o.
FIGURE 10. Gamma ac i i y o he liquid e luen s (Bq), Olkiluo o.
1.00E+9
1.00E+10
1.00E+11
1.00E+12
1.00E+13
1.00E+8
1.00E+7
1.00E+6
1.00E+5
1.00E+4
2.39E+ 08 1.38E+ 08 2.04E+ 08 9.11E+ 07 7.74E+ 07 1.03E+ 08 1.54E+ 08 2.55E+ 08 1.28E+ 08 1.05E+ 08
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Bq OL liquid e l.
Annual limi 2.96 + 11 Bq
25
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.2 OLKILUOTO 1 AND 2
licence applica ion o Olkiluo o 1 and 2. Mo e in o ma ion abou annual ou ages o he
plan uni s and STUK’s egula o y o e sigh is a ailable in Appendix 2. STUK ca ied ou an
inspec ion o he annual ou ages as pa o he pe iodic inspec ion p og amme. The inspec ion
summa y is p o ided in Appendix 3.
Ope a ional was e managemen
The p ocessing, s o age and disposal o low and in e media e le el was e (ope a ional was e) a
he Olkiluo o powe plan we e ca ied ou as planned. The olume and ac i i y o ope a ional
was e in ela ion o eac o powe emained low compa ed wi h mos o he coun ies. The
powe plan pays a en ion o keeping he amoun o was e gene a ed as low as possible by
igh ly packing he was e and eleasing om con ol was e wi h so low a le el o adioac i i y
ha no special measu es a e needed.
In 2019, STUK ca ied ou an inspec ion o powe plan was e managemen in acco dance
wi h he ope a ional inspec ion p og amme. The inspec ion included was e managemen
p ocesses, human esou ces planning and adia ion doses o he pe sonnel. The condi ion
o acili ies in which was e is p ocessed, s o ed and disposed o , adia ion le els in hese
acili ies, hei classi ica ion and hei ma kings we e inspec ed du ing he si e isi . No majo
de iciencies o de elopmen needs we e ound in he inspec ion. In he holis ic de elopmen
o was e managemen , planning a TVO has concen a ed on he ha monisa ion o he
solidi ica ion p ocess o was e esul ing om all h ee plan uni s and on unde g ound inal
disposal.
Nuclea sa egua ds
STUK g an ed TVO se en licences conce ning he use o nuclea commodi ies o he Olkiluo o
plan uni s in ope a ion (Appendix 7).
TVO submi ed he nuclea sa egua ds epo s and no i ica ions i was esponsible o in
ime, and hey we e consis en wi h he obse a ions made du ing inspec ions. STUK app o ed
he upda ed e sion o TVO’s nuclea sa egua ds manual. In he manual, TVO desc ibes how
he nuclea sa egua ds o Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan uni s ha e been o ganised. In addi ion,
STUK app o ed TVO’s upda e o he accoun ancy and sa egua ds manual o in e na ional
ans e s o nuclea ma e ials.
A o al o 20 nuclea sa egua ds inspec ions we e pe o med on he ma e ial balance a eas
o TVO’s ope a ing plan uni s and he spen uel s o age acili y. STUK pe o med, oge he
wi h he IAEA and he Eu opean Commission, inspec ions on he physical in en o y o nuclea
ma e ials a bo h plan uni s and he spen nuclea uel s o age acili y bo h be o e and a e
he annual ou ages. Fu he mo e, STUK inspec ed he posi ioning o he uel assemblies in he
eac o s o Olkiluo o 1 and Olkiluo o 2 p io o he closing o he eac o p essu e essel lids.
STUK also pe o med pe iodic inspec ions o nuclea sa egua ds a bo h plan uni s and a he
spen uel s o age acili y. STUK also pa icipa ed in an inspec ion ca ied ou a Olkiluo o
1 by he IAEA and he Eu opean Commission on sho no ice in Augus and No embe and
in a complemen a y access ype o inspec ion o he Olkiluo o si e in acco dance wi h he
addi ional p o ocol in No embe . No ema ks we e made in he inspec ions.
32 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.3 OLKILUOTO 3
in he dampe s. The plan supplie es ed he ope a ion o he dampe s in he su ge line in
summe 2019. STUK o e saw he es s and assessed hei p elimina y esul s. The design o he
ins alla ion and suppo s uc u es o he dampe s will con inue du ing 2020.
Al hough he join ope a ion es s o he plan ’s sys ems had been ca ied ou in 2018, a
signi ican numbe o es ings o indi idual sys ems we e s ill ca ied ou in 2019. All o he
plan ’s sys ems we e no needed in he ho unc ional es s, and some o he es s o hese
sys ems had been pos poned o ake place a e he ho unc ional es s. Examples o hese
sys ems a e s andalone sys ems ela ing o was e managemen , some o he en ila ion
sys ems and he eme gency diesel gene a o s. Changes made o p e iously es ed sys ems we e
also e es ed.
In 2019, he commissioning inspec ions o sys ems and equipmen we e s a ed o he
e i ica ion o he eadiness o ope a ion o he sys ems and equipmen . STUK e alua es he
eadiness o ope a ion o he sys ems and equipmen in connec ion wi h he commissioning
inspec ions. Du ing commissioning, he equipmen a e main ained o ensu e hei ope a ional
condi ion and o e alua e he implemen a ion o necessa y main enance measu es. STUK
e i ied he implemen a ion o main enance o he equipmen mos impo an o sa e y du ing
2019.
Du ing he yea , STUK e iewed se e al changes made o he commissioning p og ammes.
Some o he changes had been made on he basis o expe ience om o he EPR uni s, bu mos
o he changes we e upda es ha co ec ed he es p og amme o e lec he ac ual es . In i s
e iews, STUK pays pa icula a en ion o ha ing all sa e y-signi ican unc ions es ed and o
ha ing app op ia e accep ance c i e ia o he es s. The es p og ammes ha e been o good
quali y, and STUK has app o ed almos all o hem wi hou any equi emen s. Repo s o he
commissioning esul s we e submi ed o STUK h oughou he yea . The esul epo s ha e
been comp ehensi e, and STUK has no had any objec ions ega ding hem. STUK has paid
a en ion o he long ime i akes o p oduce he epo s. Some o he long comple ion imes
a e due o he ac ha he indi idual es s o he es p og ammes ha e no been comple ed
due o known u u e changes, which ha e p e en ed he comple ion o a comp ehensi e esul s
epo o he ial p og amme.
2.3.5 O e sigh o p epa a ion o ope a ion
In addi ion o he echnical eadiness o he plan , a p e equisi e o sa e ope a ion o he plan
is he o ganisa ion’s abili y o use he plan in a sa e manne . This includes ensu ing ha he
o ganisa ion has su icien esou ces and he necessa y skills and compe ence, ac i i ies a e
ins uc ed and he e a e a angemen s and p ocedu es o managing di e en ypes o ma e s
(such as eme gency esponse a angemen s, secu i y a angemen s, nuclea sa egua ds and
main enance ope a ions). STUK made se e al inspec ions ela ing o he p epa a ion o he
ope a ion o he plan uni . STUK inspec ed, o example, secu i y a angemen s, chemical
ope a ions, mechanical quali y assu ance ope a ions, spa e pa s managemen , eme gency
p epa edness a angemen s, esou ce planning, he adequacy and compe ence o pe sonnel,
adia ion p o ec ion and ope a ing expe ience eedback. When he ope a ions o be inspec ed
conce ned he en i e TVO ins ead o jus he Olkiluo o 3 plan uni , he inspec ion was
33
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.3 OLKILUOTO 3
included in he pe iodic inspec ion p og amme o he plan uni s in ope a ion. Summa ies
o he inspec ions included in he inspec ion p og amme o 2019 a e p esen ed in Appendix
4. In i s inspec ions and o he o e sigh ac i i ies, STUK paid a en ion o he cla i y o he
p ocedu es o con ol oom ac i i ies, he compliance wi h ins uc ions, he unc ioning
o wo k pe mi p ac ices and he cla i y o he di ision o esponsibili ies be ween he
o ganisa ions.
Du ing 2019, TVO managed o comple e he sui abili y quali ica ion o he plan ’s
p ocedu es o abno mal condi ions and eme gency p ocedu es o hei in ended applica ion
using a eplica aining simula o . Based on he obse a ions made in he quali ica ions, he
plan supplie and TVO assessed he change and aining needs necessa y o he p ocedu es
and he need o ha e he p ocedu es equali ied. On he basis o he assessmen , TVO and he
plan supplie decided o pe o m equali ica ion o se e al p ocedu es. Du ing 2019, STUK
e iewed quali ica ions and equali ica ions o p ocedu es made wi h he aining simula o
and p ocessed he assessmen epo on he equali ica ion o he p ocedu es. STUK p esen ed
a eques o cla i ica ion ega ding he p ocedu es and ins uc ions o pa ial ailu e o digi al
I&C. Acco ding o STUK’s obse a ions, he acili y did no ha e app op ia e p ocedu es o
de ec ing possible ailu es and how o ac in such si ua ions.
In addi ion o he p ocedu es o abno mal condi ions and eme gency p ocedu es, TVO
and he plan supplie ca ied ou he quali ica ion o he con ol oom en i y du ing 2019,
e alua ing he sui abili y o he con ol oom use in e ace, ope a o s and p ocedu es.
The quali ica ion e alua ed wi h he help o he aining simula o he unc ionali y o he
shi s and he con ol oom en i y ia di e en ope a ional si ua ions in no mal ope a ion
o he plan and in abno mal condi ions and in eme gency si ua ions. All ope a ional
si ua ions we e success ully comple ed in 2019. Howe e , acco ding o STUK’s obse a ions,
he e we e s ill de elopmen needs in some a eas, such as in he moni o ing o he plan ’s
ope a ing pa ame e s and aking in o accoun he es ic ions applying o hem. Based
on i s obse a ions, STUK p esen ed a equi emen in la e 2019 equi ing TVO o pe o m
a supplemen a y unc ional demons a ion o he con ol oom en i y be o e s a ing he
ope a ion o he acili y.
Acco ding o he Nuclea Ene gy Ac , only a pe son app o ed by he Radia ion and Nuclea
Sa e y Au ho i y (STUK) o he posi ion in ques ion may ac as a nuclea acili y ope a o in
he con ol oom o he acili y. STUK app o ed he ope a o s o Olkiluo o 3 in acco dance wi h
TVO’s applica ions al eady a he end o 2018.
TVO has su e ed om wo k a mosphe e issues and s a u no e in he p e ious yea s.
The e o e, TVO has de eloped i s o ganisa ion in se e al a eas o e he pas couple o yea s.
Among o he hings, a la ge numbe o people ha e been ec ui ed o e he pas ew yea s and
also exi u no e has dec eased. Acco ding o pe sonnel su eys, he p oblems ha e p e iously
in ol ed ma e s ela ed o managemen and manage ial wo k and he smoo h unning o
wo k. Du ing 2019, TVO has made many smalle o ganisa ional changes aimed a imp o ing
he smoo h unning o he o ganisa ion’s ope a ions. S a managemen aining and changes
o ope a ing me hods ha e been in oduced o supe iso s and manage s. Acco ding o he
mos ecen su eys, he si ua ion has de eloped in a a ou able di ec ion. STUK will con inue
o moni o he de elopmen o he si ua ion alongside i s o he o e sigh wo k.
34 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
A he beginning o 2019, TVO submi ed o he Eu opean Commission he upda ed Basic
Technical Cha ac e is ics (BTC) o he Olkiluo o 3 plan uni . STUK pe o med on Olkiluo o
3 he i s sa egua ds inspec ion conce ning he physical in en o y e i ica ion o nuclea
ma e ials on 19 No embe 2019 oge he wi h he IAEA and he Eu opean Commission. TVO
submi ed he nuclea sa egua ds epo s and no i ica ions ega ding Olkiluo o 3 i was
esponsible o in ime, and hey we e consis en wi h he obse a ions made du ing he
inspec ions. The o e sigh and inspec ions by STUK indica ed ha TVO ul illed i s nuclea
sa egua ds obliga ions a Olkiluo o 3 in 2019.
2.4 Hanhiki i 1
In 2019, STUK did no ye ha e a i s disposal comp ehensi e in o ma ion on he plan and
sys em design o Fenno oima’s Hanhiki i nuclea powe plan o he de ailed assessmen o
he plan design and he analyses made and o he p epa a ion o he sa e y assessmen .
A key documen o he p ocessing o he sa e y case in he cons uc ion licence phase is
he P elimina y Sa e y Analysis Repo (PSAR) o he acili y. The plan supplie and P inciple
Designe se up a sepa a e p ojec (PSAR Localisa ion P ojec , PLP) o p oduce a sa e y
analysis epo ha would mee he Finnish equi emen s. The p ojec has acqui ed ex ensi e
nuclea and adia ion sa e y expe ise om Finland, Russia and o he Eu opean coun ies.
Fenno oima submi ed he i s ba ch o he P elimina y Sa e y Analysis Repo p oduced by
he PLP p ojec o STUK a he beginning o Decembe 2019. The ba ch consis s o a documen
desc ip ion o he sa e y analysis epo , a gene al desc ip ion o he acili y, a compa ison wi h
o he simila acili ies and a sa e y concep . The submi ed sec ions o he epo a e based on
he i s phase o he basic design o he acili y.
Fo he decision in p inciple, STUK made a p elimina y sa e y assessmen in 2014. In he
sui abili y assessmen o he AES-2006 plan al e na i e o he P elimina y Sa e y Analysis
Repo STUK p esen ed ha he AES-2006 plan al e na i e can mee he Finnish nuclea and
adia ion sa e y equi emen s ia design changes, addi ional analyses and quali ica ion. Du ing
he cons uc ion licence p ocess, he plan supplie has con inued o change he basic design
o he acili y in o de o mee he Finnish sa e y equi emen s. To implemen he changes in
basic design, he plan designe s need ad anced design sys ems o manage he equi emen s
se o he acili y and o ganisa ion and o main ain design in eg i y, among o he hings,
h ough he p ocedu es and ools o con igu a ion managemen , i.e. echnical con igu a ion
managemen . The e iew a he end o 2019 e i ied he p og ess made by he lead designe and
concluded ha he p ocedu es ha e been de eloped in many espec s.
In 2019, STUK con inued o assess he managemen sys ems and ope a ions o Fenno oima
and o he o ganisa ions in ol ed in he implemen a ion o he p ojec h ough e iews o
ensu e ha hei p ac ical ope a ions a e in line wi h wha is p esen ed in he managemen
sys ems and mee he equi emen s. STUK launched he inspec ions included in he egula o y
inspec ion p og amme (RKT) in Sep embe 2015. The inspec ions a e planned e e y six
mon hs, and STUK ca ied ou six inspec ions acco ding o i s inspec ion p og amme in 2019.
The esul s o he inspec ions will be used by STUK when p epa ing a sa e y assessmen and
s a emen on he cons uc ion licence applica ion. Ou o he ou inspec ions planned o he
35
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.4 HANHIKIVI 1
i s hal o 2019, wo we e pos poned. A he eques o Fenno oima, he inspec ion ega ding
he lead designe was ans e ed o he au umn because he co ec i e ac ions ela ed o he
obse a ions o he p e ious inspec ions we e incomple e. The inspec ion o I&C echnology
was ans e ed o he beginning o 2020 due o he delay in he selec ion o he main I&C
supplie .
Summa ies o he inspec ion p og amme’s inspec ions ela ed o he p ocessing o he
cons uc ion licence ca ied ou in 2019 a e p esen ed in Appendix 5.
2.4.1 Managemen sys ems, quali y managemen and sa e y cul u e
Fenno oima was eo ganised in he sp ing o 2019 and is cu en ly de eloping p ocedu es in
line wi h i s new managemen p inciples. STUK moni o ed he de elopmen o ope a ions in
he inspec ions o he RKT inspec ion p og amme ela ed o he p ocessing o he cons uc ion
licence. The desc ip ion o he co e p ocesses o Fenno oima’s new o ganisa ion o he
managemen sys em was s a ed in 2019 in connec ion wi h he eo ganisa ion and he wo k
will con inue in 2020. STUK moni o ed he p og ess o he wo k in he managemen e iews.
Supply chain moni o ing by Fenno oima was discussed, o example, in a dedica ed e iew
in au umn 2019. Fenno oima s a ed ha i s aim is o ensu e he con o mi y and quali y o he
en i e plan deli e y as a comp ehensi e ea u e co e ing in a b oad sense he ope a ions o
Fenno oima. Fo his pu pose, Fenno oima is de eloping i s co e p ocesses ex ensi ely.
STUK commissioned om VTT an in es iga ion on he sa e y cul u e o he P inciple
Designe o he p ojec , A omp oek . VTT es ima ed ha he sa e y cul u e as a whole is a
an accep able le el – no sa e y cul u e suba ea is a an unaccep able le el and he e a e some
ai ly good suba eas in he o ganisa ion. Acco ding o VTT’s assessmen , he app ecia ion o
sa e y is a a e y good le el a A omp oek . STUK sen he in es iga ion epo o Fenno oima
o possible ac ions. STUK se s he esul s o VTT’s in es iga ion in p opo ion o he
equi emen s o legisla ion and egula ions conce ning he sa e y cul u e and managemen .
STUK assessed he sa e y cul u e o he p ojec in i s sa e y assessmen ela ed o he
cons uc ion licence p ocessing o he Hanhiki i p ojec . VTT’s in es iga ion is one o he
sou ce ma e ials used in STUK’s sa e y assessmen .
2.4.2 Plan si e and echnology
Du ing 2019, Fenno oima con inued o e alua e he esul s o he geological su eys and
compiled summa y epo s o hem. In he au umn, Fenno oima p esen ed o STUK in a
mee ing in a p elimina y manne he geological su ey epo s aiming a jus i ying he design
bases o he ounda ions and placing o he acili y a he plan si e. STUK has commen ed on
he epo s in a p elimina y manne and is wai ing o hei o icial submi al. STUK makes use
o he expe ise o he geologis s a he Uni e si y o Tu ku o e alua e he esul s.
Open issues in he sa e y assessmen o he geological su eys by STUK include he
obse a ion o he plan si e’s b i le de o ma ion zones in he placing o he buildings
and s uc u es signi ican o sa e y and in he es ablishmen o he design bases o he
ounda ions.
36 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.4 HANHIKIVI 1
STUK app o ed ou o he cons uc ion plan o he eac o p essu e essel’s o gings he
sec ion p epa ed by he lead designe o he nuclea island. The cons uc ion plan o he
manu ac u e o he eac o p essu e essel can now be submi ed o STUK o p ocessing. In
he same connec ion, he possibili y o inspec he pipe connec ions o he eac o p essu e
essel by means o non-des uc i e es ing mus also be de e mined.
STUK has p ocessed a plan o se e as he esea ch p og amme o adia ion emb i lemen
o he eac o p essu e essel. Labo a o y es s will u he de ine he ageing o ecas o he
essel. The design se ice li e is 60 yea s. STUK equi ed he esea ch p og amme in Oc obe
2017 so ha he esul s a e a ailable in good ime be o e he ope a ing licence applica ion o
he acili y is submi ed.
STUK and Fenno oima’s expe s on mechanics and manu ac u ing ha e discussed he
upda ed equi emen s o he YVL Guides ela ing o he welding and NDT me hods, pe sonnel
quali ica ions, epo ing equi emen s o he des uc i e es ing labo a o ies, new ce i ica ion
o he main coolan pump o gings and su ace welding and he connec ion o s eel s uc u es
o conc e e s uc u es.
F ama ome has been chosen by he plan supplie as he supplie o sa e y-classi ied main
I&C sys ems. No in o ma ion has ye been p o ided o STUK on he design and deli e y scope
o F ama ome.
Fenno oima has p og essed in he commissioning o wea he moni o ing sys ems o he
plan si e. I has been possible o s a collec ing wea he da a a he si e. In he nex phase,
Fenno oima will se up a connec ion om he wea he moni o ing sys em o he Finnish
Me eo ological Ins i u e. The p ocu emen o ixed en i onmen al dose a e measu emen
s a ions has also p og essed.
STUK has emphasised in discussions wi h Fenno oima and he lead designe ha he
adia ion doses du ing he ope a ion o he nuclea powe plan can be signi ican ly in luenced
by bo h ma e ial choices and layou design o he plan , so he ea ly phase solu ions o sys em
design play a majo ole.
As ega ds he managemen o sa e y- ela ed human ac o s, Fenno oima has de e mined
he p ac ices o he supply chain by audi ing he supplie in cha ge o he ma e . Acco ding
o he audi , he managemen o sa e y- ela ed human ac o s is no ye as such a he le el o
STUK’s equi emen s.
2.4.3 Secu i y a angemen s
As ega ds he secu i y a angemen s o he Hanhiki i 1 plan p ojec , ac ual plans ha e no ye
been p esen ed o STUK in ela ion o he powe plan i sel and i s ope a ing en i onmen .
The IT en i onmen o Fenno oima’s Salmisaa i acili ies was ound o be adequa e in e ms o
sa e y-classi ied o icial ma e ial up o secu i y le el IV a he end o 2019. STUK con inued o
o e see he s o age and p ocessing o sa e y-classi ied o icial ma e ial held by Fenno oima in
iew o a p e ious eques o cla i ica ions.
37
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.4.4 Nuclea was e managemen
STUK assesses he sa e y o he in e im s o age o spen uel in wo s ages: In he i s phase,
Fenno oima submi ed o STUK he d a plans o he in e im s o age o spen uel as pa
o he cons uc ion licence documen a ion o he nuclea powe plan . STUK p ocessed
he ma e ial and p o ided Fenno oima wi h in o ma ion on he supplemen s needed in he
cons uc ion licence phase a he u n o he yea 2018–2019. In he second phase, ollowing
he g an ing o he cons uc ion licence, Fenno oima will submi o STUK de ailed design
documen a ion desc ibing he sys ems. Fenno oima canno s a building he s o age un il
STUK has app o ed he design documen a ion.
In addi ion o his, Fenno oima will submi o STUK in he cons uc ion licence phase
epo s on he nuclea was e managemen s a egy, cons uc ion easibili y o he in e im
s o age and si e su eys.
2.4.5 Nuclea sa egua ds
Fenno oima submi ed he nuclea sa egua ds epo s and no i ica ions i was esponsible
o in ime. The o e sigh by STUK indica ed ha Fenno oima ul illed i s nuclea sa egua ds
obliga ions in he Hanhiki i 1 p ojec in 2019.
A his s age o he p ojec , he nuclea sa egua ds obliga ions ela e o he impo , eceip ,
handing o e o p ocessing and expo o licensed nuclea in o ma ion. The subcon ac o s
o Fenno oima and plan supplie Rosa om mus also ob ain he necessa y licences o
in o ma ion p ocessing.
Fenno oima applied in 2018 o app o al o a nuclea sa egua ds manual and a plan unde
Sec ion 35 o he Nuclea Ene gy Dec ee o a anging he necessa y sa egua ds o p e en he
p oli e a ion o nuclea weapons. The documen s submi ed we e app o ed in 2018 wi h ce ain
condi ions o be ul illed be o e he cons uc ion licence can be issued. STUK will con inue i s
o e sigh ac i i ies by assessing whe he Fenno oima’s ope a ions comply wi h he app o ed
plan and manual and whe he he manual o ela ed Fenno oima p ocesses equi e upda ing.
2.5 Resea ch eac o
VTT submi ed he ope a ing licence applica ion ega ding decommissioning o he
Go e nmen in June 2017. STUK inalised he e iew o he ope a ing licence documen a ion
in he i s hal o 2019 and p epa ed a sa e y assessmen on he pe iodic licence applica ion.
STUK issued a s a emen conce ning he ope a ing licence applica ion o he Minis y
o Employmen and he Economy (MEAE) on 2 Ap il 2019. In STUK’s iew, VTT mee s
he equi emen s o he Nuclea Ene gy Ac wi h ega d o he pe manen shu down
s a e o he esea ch eac o . The sa e y o he decommissioning phase has also been
adequa ely demons a ed o he pu pose o g an ing he licence, bu de ailed plans o
he decommissioning phase o he esea ch eac o need o be u he speci ied be o e he
disman ling o he eac o is s a ed. VTT mus , among o he hings, submi he Final Sa e y
38 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
Analysis Repo ega ding he decommissioning phase o STUK o app o al be o e he s a
o he disman ling phase. In STUK’s iew, VTT’s plans decommissioning was e managemen
a e no su icien ly comple e and de ailed o ensu e he sa e and smoo h ea men , s o age
and inal disposal o he gene a ed nuclea was e. In addi ion, he secu i y a angemen s o
he esea ch eac o need o be de eloped o mee changing needs, condi ions and h ea
assessmen s. Acco ding o cu en knowledge, he Go e nmen will con inue he handling o
VTT’s ope a ing licence applica ion in 2020.
Inspec ions in acco dance wi h he ope a ing inspec ion p og amme ha e been con inued
a he esea ch eac o . The inspec ion ac i i ies will con inue in he cu en scope un il he
disman ling o he esea ch eac o begins. Fo he disman ling phase, STUK will p epa e a
sepa a e inspec ion p og amme. VTT submi ed a was e managemen scheme o he esea ch
eac o o he MEAE in June 2019. The was e managemen scheme includes he de ails o VTT’s
p o isions o nuclea was e managemen cos s du ing decommissioning o he esea ch
eac o . STUK submi ed a s a emen o he Minis y ega ding he was e managemen
scheme, s a ing ha he unce ain ies ela ed o VTT’s cos es ima e o he decommissioning
o he esea ch eac o ha e no been educed. As in p e ious yea s, he decommissioning cos
es ima e is s ill subjec o conside able unce ain ies due o he ongoing nego ia ions, o
example, ega ding he ea men o nuclea was e, in e im s o age, inal disposal and e u n o
nuclea uel.
VTT has no been equi ed o submi a nuclea was e managemen plan o MEAE in
2019 due o pending ope a ing licence applica ion p ocessing and he ongoing nego ia ions
ega ding VTT’s nuclea was e managemen . MEAE has equi ed VTT o upda e he nuclea
was e managemen plan by he end o Sep embe 2020.
Conce ning nuclea sa egua ds, he ma e ial balance a ea o VTT’s esea ch eac o includes
nuclea ma e ials in he O akaa i 3 building and hei ela ed ac i i ies. VTT’s si e, which is
complian wi h he Addi ional P o ocol o he Sa egua ds Ag eemen , includes he buildings
in he ma e ial balance a eas o bo h he esea ch eac o and he Cen e o Nuclea Sa e y. In
June 2019, STUK inspec ed he nuclea ma e ial accoun ancy o he esea ch eac o oge he
wi h he Eu opean Commission. P io o his, STUK ca ied ou a si e inspec ion in Feb ua y
2019, du ing which STUK ook en i onmen al samples (swipe sample) om he labo a o y
acili ies in O akaa i 3. The o e sigh and inspec ions by STUK indica ed ha VTT ul illed i s
nuclea sa egua ds obliga ions in 2019.
2.6 Spen nuclea uel encapsula ion and disposal acili y
In 2019, Posi a con inued he cons uc ion o he disposal acili y. A he disposal acili y, he
exca a ion o he cen al unnel was s a ed and he exca a ion o he echnical ooms was
comple ed. The cen al unnel is he i s sa e y-classi ied oom o be exca a ed. In summe
2019, Posi a also s a ed o build he encapsula ion plan . STUK ca ied ou a eadiness
inspec ion be o e he cons uc ion o hese phases s a ed, as he s a o cons uc ion o he
cen al unnels and encapsula ion plan we e subjec o equi emen s se in he cons uc ion
licence phase.
39
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.6 SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL ENCAPSULATION AND DISPOSAL FACILITY
The egula o y o e sigh du ing he cons uc ion s age o he nuclea uel encapsula ion
and disposal acili y co e s he design, manu ac u e, cons uc ion and ins alla ion o he
nuclea was e acili y and i s sa e y-classi ied sys ems, s uc u es and componen s, as well as
demons a ing long- e m sa e y. A a la e s age, he o e sigh will also a ge commissioning,
a which ime STUK will o e see Posi a’s ope a ions du ing commissioning, e iew es plans
and es esul s, and pe o m commissioning inspec ions o componen s, s uc u es and
sys ems.
2.6.1 Cons uc ion o he disposal acili y
In he exca a ion o he inal disposal acili y, Posi a mo ed on o exca a ing he cen al
unnels. In 2019, Posi a also comple ed he exca a ion o he echnical ooms, wi h he
excep ion o he acili ies in ended o he compa ibili y es . Du ing 2019, Posi a submi ed
ock enginee ing plans conce ning he cen al unnel o he disposal a ea o STUK o e iew.
The cen al unnels o he disposal acili y belong o he sa e y-classi ied a eas. In hese a eas,
he app o al o he ock enginee ing plans by STUK was a p e equisi e in addi ion o he
eadiness inspec ion o s a ing he exca a ion o he ooms. In he eadiness inspec ion,
STUK e i ied ha he equi emen s o he cons uc ion licence phase ela ed o his phase had
been closed. In addi ion, he eadiness inspec ion e i ied ha he plans o he a ea had been
app o ed and ha he open equi emen s had been closed.
Du ing 2019, Posi a had challenges in p oducing ock enginee ing planning documen a ion
o su icien quali y. Rela ed equi emen s ha e been p esen ed in STUK’s decisions ega ding
he documen a ion, and Posi a is ca ying ou de elopmen measu es o co ec he
sho comings.
2.6.2 Cons uc ion o he encapsula ion plan
Posi a began he cons uc ion o he encapsula ion plan in summe 2019. The s a o he
cons uc ion o he encapsula ion plan was p eceded by a eadiness inspec ion ca ied ou
by STUK, which e i ied ha he equi emen s ega ding his phase had been closed. In
he cons uc ion licence phase, equi emen s ela ed o his phase we e aised in ela ion
o i e sa e y and acciden analyses. In addi ion, he eadiness inspec ion e i ied Posi a’s
o ganisa ional eadiness o s a he cons uc ion o he encapsula ion plan .
2.6.3 O e sigh o equi emen s se a he cons uc ion
licence phase and Posi a’s de elopmen wo k
Du ing he cons uc ion licence applica ion e iew, STUK se equi emen s on Posi a ha
mus be aken in o accoun du ing he cons uc ion o be o e submi ing he ope a ing licence
applica ion. STUK has sys ema ically moni o ed compliance wi h he equi emen s se based
on he cons uc ion licence applica ion e iew and Posi a’s plans o ensu e compliance wi h
he equi emen s.
40 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.6 SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL ENCAPSULATION AND DISPOSAL FACILITY
Posi a has aken in o accoun he equi emen s se by STUK du ing he cons uc ion licence
e iew in he sys em design. Acco ding o he schedule i has p oduced, Posi a has submi ed
sys em design documen s o STUK o e iew. Du ing 2019, STUK has ex ensi ely p ocessed
sys em ma e ials o a ious ields: ock ca e ns, encapsula ion plan and handling cell,
adia ion measu emen s, hois ing and ans e equipmen , i e p o ec ion sys ems, elec ical
sys ems and sewage ea men sys ems in he con ol a ea as well as design documen a ion.
Posi a has ongoing p ojec s o demons a ing long- e m sa e y and o he designing and
de elopmen o enginee ed ba ie s. STUK has moni o ed he p og ess o he p ojec s, and hey
ha e been discussed a mee ings wi h Posi a. Wi h i s o e sigh , STUK ensu es ha he p ojec
plans and p og ammes ha e su icien ly aken in o accoun he equi emen s se by STUK in
connec ion wi h he cons uc ion licence e iew.
STUK has de eloped i s own analy ical capabili ies o suppo ing i s o e sigh and
commissioned expe assessmen s om ex e nal expe s. The pu pose o STUK’s own analyses
is o p oduce compa isons wi h he analyses o he sa e y case p oduced by Posi a. In 2019, he
nea - and emo e-a ea modelling capabili ies ha e been de eloped and he de elopmen o he
biosphe e model has been pu sued and ools ha e been u he de eloped o he o ma ion o
scena ios.
2.6.4 O ganisa ional ope a ions and quali y managemen
STUK has o e seen he ac i i ies o Posi a’s o ganisa ion in inspec ions included in he
cons uc ion inspec ion p og amme. The inspec ions ha e assessed he design o he ock
cons uc ion o he inal disposal acili y, he cons uc ion o he nuclea was e acili y, he
impac o changes o he inal disposal concep on he p epa a ion and managemen o he
sa e y case, he secu i y a angemen s o he encapsula ion plan as well as managemen and
sa e y cul u e.
The inspec ion o managemen and sa e y cul u e in es iga ed he a ge -o ien a ion and
consis ency o he de elopmen o Posi a’s sa e y cul u e, and STUK iden i ied de elopmen
needs in he a ea o sa e y cul u e. As obse ed du ing he inspec ion, Posi a’s ac ion
p og amme on sa e y cul u e includes many di e en ypes o measu es, some o which a e
con inuous basic ac i i ies and some con en change needs. The managemen le el moni o s
he implemen a ion o he measu es egula ly. Acco ding o Posi a, he mos impo an
a eas o de elopmen o sa e y cul u e in he cu en yea ha e been lea ning om ope a ing
expe ience, e iciency and cla i y o decision-making and inc easing p ide in one’s own wo k
(job sa is ac ion).
In he e iew o he documen a ion ela ed o Posi a’s cons uc ion ac i i ies, STUK has
obse ed a signi ican numbe o sho comings in he documen a ion submi ed o app o al
and in o ma ion. Posi a was eques ed o submi a epo on he ma e and o desc ibe he
imp o emen measu es o educe e o s and sho comings in he documen a ion. Posi a
submi ed he epo in 2018. Due o he con inuing sho comings in he documen a ion
submi ed o STUK, STUK equi ed Posi a o plan and pe o m quali y imp o emen measu es
again and o upda e he submi ed epo . In he epo , Posi a s a ed, among o he hings,
ha i had acqui ed mo e expe ise. As a esul o he imp o emen measu es aken in 2019, he
41
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
2.6 SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL ENCAPSULATION AND DISPOSAL FACILITY
quali y o he design documen a ion has imp o ed. Howe e , he quali y o he cons uc ion
documen a ion will con inue o be moni o ed mo e closely by STUK.
STUK ca ied ou an inspec ion on Posi a’s design o he ock cons uc ion o he inal
disposal acili y in sp ing 2019. The inspec ions co e ed, among o he hings, he phases o he
design p ocess and he in e aces in ol ed in he design p ocess. On he basis o he inspec ion,
STUK equi ed ha Posi a imp o e he ini ial da a e iew o design, imp o e he accep abili y
o design documen s and de elop i s own compe ence equi emen s and hose o i s supplie s
in e ms o design.
STUK also ca ied ou an inspec ion on Posi a’s cons uc ion ope a ions o he inal
disposal acili y in sp ing 2019. The inspec ion ocused on he cons uc ion ope a ions o
Posi a’s nuclea acili ies, ocusing on he cons uc ion ope a ions o he encapsula ion
plan . La e in he summe o 2019, Posi a s a ed o build he encapsula ion plan . The
inspec ion included, among o he hings, quali y managemen o he cons uc ion o he
encapsula ion plan , managemen o human esou ces as well as con ol and managemen o
he encapsula ion plan p ojec . The inspec ion es ablished ha he de elopmen o esou ce
managemen is mo ing in he igh di ec ion and ha Posi a has adequa e p ocedu es in place
o compe ence managemen , quali ica ions and o ien a ion needed o build he encapsula ion
plan .
The inspec ion and hei esul s, as well as he equi emen s se by STUK, a e desc ibed in
mo e de ail in Appendix 6.
Acco ding o STUK’s o e sigh indings in 2019, he mos impo an a eas, in which
Posi a and i s subcon ac o s mus de elop hemsel es, include ollowing ins uc ions and
p ocedu es, compe ence and esou ce managemen and p ojec managemen .
In 2019, STUK con inued o e sigh and assessmen o Posi a’s audi ing ac i i ies by
pa icipa ing in wo audi s o Posi a’s supplie s. Based on hese e en s, Posi a’s supplie audi s
we e ound o comply wi h STUK’s equi emen s.
2.6.5 P epa a ions o he ope a ing licence phase
Posi a has an ongoing ope a ing licence p ojec , and a p ojec plan has been submi ed o
STUK. STUK has commen ed on he p ojec plan, and egula discussions a e aking place wi h
Posi a ega ding he ope a ing licence phase.
Posi a submi s ope a ing licence applica ion documen s o STUK in ad ance o commen s.
This is done o s eamline he p ocessing o he ac ual ope a ing licence applica ion
documen s. Du ing 2019, Posi a submi ed o STUK chap e s o he inal sa e y analysis epo ,
opical epo s and epo s on he sa e y case o long- e m sa e y o p e-p ocessing. STUK
compiles commen s on he documen a ion o Posi a o be aken in o accoun when p epa ing
he ac ual ope a ing licence applica ion documen a ion.
Nuclea sa egua ds
STUK implemen ed nuclea sa egua ds o he inal disposal in compliance wi h he na ional
egula o y plan. STUK inspec ed he si e which was epo ed by Posi a o be complian wi h
48 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
The ou -yea KYT2022 esea ch p og amme was launched in 2018. The s uc u e o he
amewo k p og amme was enewed wi h he aim o inc easing he applicabili y and usabili y
o he esea ch. In he enewed s uc u e, esea ch opics we e a anged so ha hey a e wide ,
acknowledge la ge en i ies be e and emphasise he in eg a ion be ween p ojec s be e . The
esea ch a eas consis o he assessmen o o e all sa e y, he managemen o spen nuclea
uel, main enance was e, decommissioning was e and o he adioac i e was e, he easibili y
o nuclea was e managemen and social esea ch. The a eas ela ing o o e all sa e y and
he li e cycle o nuclea uel a e sha ed wi h he SAFIR2022 p og amme, and he aim is o
make he coope a ion be ween he p og ammes e en close . The p og amme consis ed o
esea ch a eas which a e impo an o na ional expe ise. I is aimed a ex ensi e coo dina ed
mul idisciplina y esea ch p ojec s, which we e o med pa icula ly ega ding he esea ch
a eas ela ed o he bed ock, he pe o mance o bu e and back illing ma e ials and he long-
e m du abili y o inal disposal canis e s as well as mic obiology. When he Nuclea Ene gy
Ac was amended (in 2016), unding o he esea ch in as uc u e was added o he KYT2018
p og amme, and i has con inued also in he KYT2022 p og amme.
The KYT2022 s ee ing g oup p o ided unding ecommenda ions o MEAE using
assessmen s by he suppo g oups based on he applicabili y and con en o he subjec
ma e . In 2019, he unding o he KYT2022 p og amme om he Na ional Nuclea Was e
Managemen Fund (VYR) was app oxima ely EUR 1.9 million. In 2019, he esea ch p og amme
p o ided unding o 27 esea ch p ojec s ep esen ing new and al e na i e echnologies o
nuclea was e managemen (1 p ojec ), sa e y esea ch conce ning nuclea was e managemen
(25 p ojec s), social nuclea was e managemen esea ch (1 p ojec ) and esea ch in as uc u e
(1 p ojec ). The Minis y unde akes o p esen unding o se e al yea s o he bes - a ed
p ojec s, he so-called Excellence p ojec s. The e we e 6 such p ojec s. The p ojec s conce n
sys ema ic scena io me hods in assessing o e all sa e y (2 p ojec s), ben oni e- ock in e ac ion
(3 p ojec s) and long- e m beha iou o he coppe capsule (1 p ojec ). Fo 2019, EUR 50,000 had
been ese ed o small p ojec unding, o be decided on by he managemen eam, and EUR
28,000 o his was used o und a small p ojec ela ed o he assessmen o o e all sa e y.
8% Basic Fac o s in Sa e y
11% Spen Fuel Managemen - Bu e /Bed ock In e ac ion
17% Spen Fuel Managemen - Canis e
14% Spen Fuel Managemen - In e ac ion o Ba ie s/Mic obiology
8% Spen Fuel Managemen - Bed ock
15% Spen Fuel Managemen - O he sa e y ele an esea ch
15% Low and In e media e Was e Managemen
3% Al e na i e Techonolgies in Nuclea Was e Managemen
5% Social science s udies ela ed o nuclea was e managemen
5% Resea ch in as uc u e
FIGURE 13. Dis ibu ion o VYR unding by esea ch a ea in 2019.
49
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
50 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
4 O e sigh o nuclea
acili ies in igu es
4.1 P ocessing o ma e s
A o al o 3,064 ma e s we e submi ed o STUK o p ocessing in 2019. O hese, 907
conce ned he nuclea powe plan unde cons uc ion and 165 conce ned he disposal acili y
o spen nuclea uel. The e iew p ocess o a o al o 3,112 ma e s was comple ed, including
ma e s submi ed in 2019, hose submi ed ea lie and licences g an ed by STUK by i ue o
he Nuclea Ene gy Ac , which a e lis ed in Appendix 7. The a e age ma e e iew ime was
72 days. The numbe o ma e s and hei a e age e iew imes in 2015–2019 a e illus a ed in
Figu e 14. Figu es 15–18 illus a e he e iew ime dis ibu ion among ma e s om he a ious
plan uni s and ma e s abou Posi a.
4.2 Inspec ions a nuclea acili y si es and supplie s’ p emises
Inspec ion p og ammes
A o al o 15 inspec ions a he Lo iisa plan and 15 inspec ions a he Olkiluo o plan
we e ca ied ou unde he 2019 pe iodic inspec ion p og amme (Appendix 3). STUK ca ied
10 eadiness inspec ions a Olkiluo o 3 and 5 inspec ions unde he pe iodic inspec ion
p og amme o Olkiluo o 1 and Olkiluo o 2 ha also included Olkiluo o 3 (Appendix 3).
The e we e 6 inspec ions pe aining o he p ocessing o Fenno oima’s cons uc ion licence
applica ion (Appendix 5). 5 inspec ions o he encapsula ion plan and disposal acili y
cons uc ion inspec ion p og amme we e ca ied ou in 2019 (Appendix 6). The key indings o
he inspec ions a e p esen ed in he appendices and he chap e s on egula o y o e sigh .
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2015 2016 2017 20182019
numbe
days
Opened ma e s
Closed ma e s
A e age
ma e e iew ime
3138 3306 3559 3322 3743 3529 3334 3412 3064 3112 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
69
65
83
122
72
FIGURE 14. Numbe o opened and closed ma e s and as well as a e age ma e e iew ime.
<2 mon hs 2–6 mon hs >6 mon hs Lo
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
0%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
FIGURE 15. Dis ibu ion o ime spen on
p epa ing decisions on he Lo iisa plan .
<2 mon hs 2–6 mon hs >6 mon hs
0%
OL 1 and 2
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE 16. Dis ibu ion o ime spen on p epa ing
decisions on he ope a ing plan uni s o Olkiluo o.
<2 mon hs 2–6 mon hs >6 mon hs
0%
OL 3
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE 17. Dis ibu ion o ime spen on
p epa ing decisions on Olkiluo o plan uni 3.
<2 mon hs 2–6 mon hs >6 mon hs
0%
Posi a
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE 18. Dis ibu ion o ime spen on
p epa ing decisions on Posi a.
51
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
4 O e sigh o nuclea
acili ies in igu es
4.1 P ocessing o ma e s
A o al o 3,064 ma e s we e submi ed o STUK o p ocessing in 2019. O hese, 907
conce ned he nuclea powe plan unde cons uc ion and 165 conce ned he disposal acili y
o spen nuclea uel. The e iew p ocess o a o al o 3,112 ma e s was comple ed, including
ma e s submi ed in 2019, hose submi ed ea lie and licences g an ed by STUK by i ue o
he Nuclea Ene gy Ac , which a e lis ed in Appendix 7. The a e age ma e e iew ime was
72 days. The numbe o ma e s and hei a e age e iew imes in 2015–2019 a e illus a ed in
Figu e 14. Figu es 15–18 illus a e he e iew ime dis ibu ion among ma e s om he a ious
plan uni s and ma e s abou Posi a.
4.2 Inspec ions a nuclea acili y si es and supplie s’ p emises
Inspec ion p og ammes
A o al o 15 inspec ions a he Lo iisa plan and 15 inspec ions a he Olkiluo o plan
we e ca ied ou unde he 2019 pe iodic inspec ion p og amme (Appendix 3). STUK ca ied
10 eadiness inspec ions a Olkiluo o 3 and 5 inspec ions unde he pe iodic inspec ion
p og amme o Olkiluo o 1 and Olkiluo o 2 ha also included Olkiluo o 3 (Appendix 3).
The e we e 6 inspec ions pe aining o he p ocessing o Fenno oima’s cons uc ion licence
applica ion (Appendix 5). 5 inspec ions o he encapsula ion plan and disposal acili y
cons uc ion inspec ion p og amme we e ca ied ou in 2019 (Appendix 6). The key indings o
he inspec ions a e p esen ed in he appendices and he chap e s on egula o y o e sigh .
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2015 2016 2017 20182019
numbe
days
Opened ma e s
Closed ma e s
A e age
ma e e iew ime
3138 3306 3559 3322 3743 3529 3334 3412 3064 3112 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
69
65
83
122
72
FIGURE 14. Numbe o opened and closed ma e s and as well as a e age ma e e iew ime.
<2 mon hs 2–6 mon hs >6 mon hs Lo
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
0%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
FIGURE 15. Dis ibu ion o ime spen on
p epa ing decisions on he Lo iisa plan .
<2 mon hs 2–6 mon hs >6 mon hs
0%
OL 1 and 2
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE 16. Dis ibu ion o ime spen on p epa ing
decisions on he ope a ing plan uni s o Olkiluo o.
<2 mon hs 2–6 mon hs >6 mon hs
0%
OL 3
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE 17. Dis ibu ion o ime spen on
p epa ing decisions on Olkiluo o plan uni 3.
<2 mon hs 2–6 mon hs >6 mon hs
0%
Posi a
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE 18. Dis ibu ion o ime spen on
p epa ing decisions on Posi a.
O he inspec ions a plan si es
A o al o 2,149 inspec ions we e ca ied ou on si e o on he supplie s’ p emises in 2019 (o he
han he abo e-men ioned inspec ion p og amme inspec ions and he nuclea sa egua ds
inspec ions, which a e sepa a ely desc ibed). An inspec ion comp ises one o mo e sub-
inspec ions, such as a e iew o esul s, an inspec ion o a componen o s uc u e, a p essu e
o leak es , a unc ional es o a commissioning inspec ion. O hese inspec ions, 1,137
we e pa o he o e sigh o Olkiluo o 3 and 1,010 o he uni s in ope a ion. The o e sigh
o he cons uc ion o Posi a’s inal disposal acili y included wo eadiness inspec ions and
52 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
comple ion o 8 cons uc ion inspec ions. In addi ion, he cons uc ion eadiness inspec ion o
Posi a’s encapsula ion plan was ca ied ou .
The numbe o inspec ion days on si e and on he componen manu ac u e s’ p emises
o alled 3,386. This numbe includes no only inspec ions pe aining o he sa e y o nuclea
powe plan s bu also hose associa ed wi h nuclea was e managemen and nuclea ma e ials
as well as o e sigh isi s and inspec ions o he unde g ound esea ch acili y a Olkiluo o.
Fi e esiden inspec o s wo ked a he Olkiluo o powe plan and wo esiden inspec o s a
he Lo iisa powe plan . The numbe s o onsi e inspec ion days in 2015–2019 a e illus a ed in
Figu e 19.
4.3 Finances and esou ces
The du y a ea o nuclea sa e y egula ion included basic ope a ions subjec o a cha ge as well
as hose no subjec o a cha ge. Basic ope a ions subjec o a cha ge mos ly consis ed o he
egula o y o e sigh o nuclea acili ies, he cos s o which we e cha ged o hose subjec o
he o e sigh . Basic ope a ions no subjec o a cha ge included in e na ional and domes ic
coope a ion as well as eme gency esponse ope a ions and communica ions. Basic ope a ions
no subjec o a cha ge a e publicly unded. O e heads om he p epa a ion o egula ions and
suppo unc ions (adminis a ion, de elopmen p ojec s in suppo o egula o y ac i i ies,
aining, main enance and de elopmen o expe ise, epo ing, and pa icipa ion in nuclea
sa e y esea ch) we e ca ied o wa d in o he cos s o bo h ypes o basic ope a ion and o
con ac ed se ices in ela ion o he numbe o wo king hou s spen on each unc ion.
Consequen ly, he cos co ela ion o he egula o y o e sigh was 100%. A ainmen o he
cos p ice o he egula o y o e sigh o nuclea sa e y is ensu ed by adjus ing he in oicing
wi h a balancing bill o co espond o ac ual cos s a e annual cos accoun ing. The income
and cos s o egula o y o e sigh o nuclea sa e y subjec o a cha ge we e EUR 18.4 million.
The igu e includes he adia ion moni o ing in he immedia e icini y o nuclea acili ies
ha was changed om a se ice ope a ion o egula o y o e sigh in 2015. The o al cos s
o egula o y o e sigh o nuclea sa e y we e EUR 21.4 million. Thus, he sha e o ac i i ies
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
2015 2016 2017 20182019
Residen inspec o s
(wo k ime used on nuclea
sa e y o e sigh )
O he STUKin inspec o s
To al
1171 2041 1161 2144 1214 2107 1131 2135 1358 2028
3212 3304 3321 3266 3386
FIGURE 19. Numbe o inspec ion days onsi e and a componen manu ac u e s’ p emises.
53
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
subjec o a cha ge was 86.0%. Figu e 20 shows he annual cos s o egula o y o e sigh o
nuclea sa e y in 2015−2019.
The ime spen on he inspec ion and e iew o he Lo iisa nuclea powe plan was 18.4
man-yea s o 12.5% o he o al wo king ime o he nuclea sa e y egula o y pe sonnel. The
ime spen on he inspec ion and e iew o he Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan ’s ope a ing uni s
was 15.5 man-yea s o 10.5% o he o al wo king ime. In addi ion o he moni o ing o he
ope a ion o he nuclea powe plan s, hese igu es include nuclea sa egua ds. The ime spen
on he inspec ion and e iew o Olkiluo o 3 was 19.6 man-yea s o 13.3% o he o al wo king
ime. Wo k ela ed o he Fenno oima plan p ojec amoun ed o 8 man-yea s o 5.4% o he
o al wo king ime. A o al o 6.6 man-yea s o 4.5% o he o al wo king ime was spen on he
inspec ion and e iew o Posi a’s ope a ions, and he ime spen on he inspec ion and e iew
o he FiR 1 esea ch eac o was 0.6 man-yea s. Figu e 21 shows he di ision o wo king hou s
o he pe sonnel engaged in nuclea sa e y o e sigh (in man-yea s) by subjec o o e sigh
du ing 2012–2019.
0
5
10
15
20
25
2015 2016 2017 20182019
M€
Cos s o egula o y
o e sigh subjec o
a cha ge
Regula o y o e sigh
o al cos s
19.4 21.8 19.6 22.1 18.0 20.1 17.8 20.7 18.4 21.4
FIGURE 20. Income and cos s o nuclea sa e y egula ion.
Olkiluo o 1 & 2
Olkiluo o 3
Posi a
Lo iisa 1 & 2
Fenno oima
Olkiluo o 4
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
FIGURE 21. Dis ibu ion o wo king hou s (pe son-yea s) o he egula o y
pe sonnel by subjec o o e sigh in 2012–2019.
54 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
Whe e necessa y, STUK commissions independen assessmen s and analyses in suppo o
i s o e sigh . Figu e 22 illus a es he cos s o such assignmen s in 2015–2019. The expenses
in 2019 we e mainly associa ed wi h he sensi i i y analyses o he si es’ seismic design bases,
compa ison analyses o Hanhiki i 1, assessmen o he Lo iisa nuclea powe plan ’s sa e y case
o low and in e media e le el was e, design e iews o he hois ing and ans e equipmen
a Posi a’s spen nuclea uel encapsula ion and inal disposal acili y and, in gene al, wi h he
assessmen o he sa e y o he inal disposal p ojec .
Dis ibu ion o he annual wo king ime o he nuclea sa e y egula o y pe sonnel o he
a ious du y a eas is shown in Table 1. The igu es do no include he wo k o adia ion
moni o ing in he su ounding en i onmen .
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2000000
Technical suppo o
egula o y decision making;
Technical suppo o de elopmen
o egula o y o e sigh
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE 22. The cos s o esea ch and commissioned wo k.
Du y a ea 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Basic ope a ions subjec o a cha ge 76.6 74.9 72.0 71.0 68.7
Basic ope a ions no subjec o a cha ge 2.6 4.0 4.0 4.8 6.3
Se ice ac i i ies 2.8 2.1 4.3 3.7 1.1
Regula ion wo k and suppo unc ions 42.2 44.5 42.9 44.1 45.2
Holidays and absences 26.4 26.6 26.9 26.3 26.0
To al 150.5 152.1 150.1 149.9 147.4
TABLE 1. Dis ibu ion o wo king hou s (pe son-yea s) o he egula o y pe sonnel in each du y a ea.
55
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
5 In e na ional coope a ion
In e na ional con en ions
The Con en ion on Nuclea Sa e y equi es he p esen a ion o a epo o be p epa ed e e y
h ee yea s on he ul ilmen o i s obliga ions. STUK was esponsible o he p epa a ion o
he Finnish coun y epo , which was submi ed o he IAEA, se ing as he sec e a ia o
he con en ion, in Augus 2019. In he pas , simila epo s ha e been p oduced e e y h ee
yea s since 1999, mos ecen ly in 2016. The ul ilmen and epo ing o he obliga ions o he
con en ion will be assessed a he in e na ional e iew mee ing o he con ac ing pa ies
in Vienna in sp ing 2020. The con en ion p ocedu e also includes he possibili y o asking
ques ions abou he ac i i ies o o he coun ies. STUK e alua es, among o he hings, epo s
o ou neighbou ing coun ies and epo s o coun ies ha ha e engaged in in e na ional
coope a ion wi h STUK. Based on he epo s, STUK posed app oxima ely 130 speci ying
ques ions o o he coun ies. On he o he hand, 226 speci ying ques ions we e posed o
Finland. This was he highes numbe o ques ions e e posed o Finland.
The p e ious e iew mee ing o he Join Con en ion on he Sa e y o Spen Fuel
Managemen and on he Sa e y o Radioac i e Was e Managemen was held in May 2018.
Du ing 2019, mee ings on he amendmen o he Join Con en ion ules we e o ganised, in
which STUK pa icipa ed. The nex epo will be p epa ed du ing 2020 and he e iew mee ing
will be held in 2021.
In e na ional coope a ion g oups
The IAEA con inued o de elop i s sa e y s anda ds on nuclea sa e y and secu i y. STUK had
a ep esen a i e on he Commission on Sa e y S anda ds (CSS) managing he p epa a ion
o he s anda ds as well as in he commi ees dealing wi h he con en o he s anda ds, i.e.
he Nuclea Sa e y S anda ds Commi ee (NUSSC), he Was e Sa e y S anda ds Commi ee
(WASSC), he Radia ion Sa e y S anda ds Commi ee (RASSC), he T anspo Sa e y S anda ds
Commi ee (TRANSSC) and he Nuclea Secu i y Guidance Commi ee (NSGC). STUK issued
s a emen s on he IAEA sa e y s anda ds unde p epa a ion.
The Nuclea Ene gy Agency o he OECD (NEA) coo dina es in e na ional coope a ion
in he ield o sa e y esea ch in pa icula . The o ganisa ion also p o ides an oppo uni y o
coope a ion be ween egula o y au ho i ies. STUK was ep esen ed in all main commi ees o
he o ganisa ion dealing wi h adia ion and nuclea sa e y issues. The main commi ees’ ields
o ac i i y a e he ollowing:
• nuclea sa e y egula ion (CNRA, Commi ee on Nuclea Regula o y Ac i i ies),
• sa e y esea ch (CSNI, Commi ee on he Sa e y o Nuclea Ins alla ions),
• adia ion sa e y (CRPPH, Commi ee on Radia ion P o ec ion and Public Heal h) and
• nuclea was e managemen (RWMC, Radioac i e Was e Managemen Commi ee).
56 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
The Mul ina ional Design E alua ion P og amme (MDEP) in ol es 16 coun ies wi h he
objec i e o imp o ing coope a ion in he ield o he assessmen o new nuclea powe plan s
and de eloping con e gen egula o y p ac ices. Pa icipan s in he p og amme include only
hose coun ies wi h new nuclea powe plan s a some s age o assessmen by he egula o y
au ho i ies. The OECD Nuclea Ene gy Agency (NEA) unc ions as he sec e a ia o he
p og amme. The MDEP’s wo k is o ganised in design-speci ic wo king g oups. In addi ion,
he MDEP has an issue-speci ic wo king g oup, S ee ing Technical Commi ee and Policy
G oup. The e a e i e design-speci ic wo king g oups o he EPR, AP1000, APR1400, VVER
and HPR1000 plan ypes. O hese, STUK has pa icipa ed in he EPR Wo king G oup and he
VVER Wo king G oup, because an EPR plan is unde cons uc ion in Olkiluo o ( he Olkiluo o 3
p ojec ) and Fenno oima has submi ed a cons uc ion licence applica ion o he cons uc ion
o a VVER plan in Pyhäjoki ( he Hanhiki i 1 p ojec ). Finland ac s as he chai o he VVER
Wo king G oup. The only MDEP wo king g oup which is independen o plan design deals
wi h plan and equipmen supplie inspec ions.
WENRA’s (Wes e n Eu opean Nuclea Regula o ’s Associa ion) Reac o Ha monisa ion
Wo king G oup (RHWG) con ened as usual h ee imes in 2019. Du ing he yea , he main
asks o he wo king g oup we e upda es o he e e ence le els o in e nal and ex e nal
h ea s, managemen sys em and ageing managemen . STUK ac i ely pa icipa ed in he wo k,
including he RHWG’s subg oups, which p ocessed he need o upda e he sa e y objec i es
se by WENRA o new nuclea powe plan s, he sui abili y o he sa e y objec i es o small
modula eac o s (SMR) and he measu es o imp o e sa e y a he ope a ing plan s equi ed by
he EU Nuclea Sa e y Di ec i e.
STUK ac i ely pa icipa ed in he wo k o WENRA’s Wo king G oup on Was e and
Decommissioning (WGWD) in 2019. The wo king g oup con ened wice. Sel -assessmen s
and pee e iews o e e ence le els associa ed wi h disposal we e inalised du ing he yea , and
sel -assessmen s and pee e iews o he e e ence le el epo on nuclea was e p ocessing
acili ies we e con inued.
STUK pa icipa ed in he ac i i ies o he Eu opean Nuclea Sa e y Regula o s G oup
(ENSREG) and h ee o i s subg oups (nuclea sa e y, nuclea was e managemen and
communica ion). The i s Topical Pee Re iew acco ding o he Nuclea Sa e y Di ec i e
upda ed in 2014 was ca ied ou on ageing managemen o nuclea powe plan s in 2017–2018.
As ega ds Finland, he mos signi ican de elopmen needs ela e o ageing managemen
in p olonged cons uc ion p ojec s and main enance ou ages. A he componen le el,
he inspec abili y o inaccessible piping was discussed, bu hei in eg i y moni o ing
was, howe e , conside ed su icien . Good p ac ices ha came up included Finland’s ac i e
pa icipa ion in in e na ional pee e iews, o example, SALTO and OSART coo dina ed by he
In e na ional A omic Ene gy Agency (IAEA). As ega ds iden i ied de elopmen a ge s, STUK
p epa ed a na ional ac ion plan in collabo a ion wi h he powe companies and submi ed i o
ENSREG in Sep embe 2019. In line wi h he Nuclea Sa e y Di ec i e, he pee e iew will be
o ganised e e y six yea s in he u u e, and planning he nex e iew has s a ed by collec ing
expe iences om he i s pee e iew.
Nuclea was e managemen coope a ion a ENSREG ocused on a ew equi emen s o
he di ec i e on was e managemen , he pu pose o which he Membe S a es ha e wan ed
57
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
o speci y. The issues o be speci ied ega ded he p og ess indica o s o he na ional was e
managemen p og amme and epo ing o he na ional was e in en o y. In Finland, hese
speci ica ions will be aken in o accoun in he upda e o he na ional p og amme and in he
h ee-yea epo o be submi ed o he Commission.
The Deep geological eposi o y egula o s o um (DGRRF) is a coope a ion o um
o six nuclea and adia ion sa e y au ho i ies (USA, Canada, Sweden, F ance, Swi ze land
and Finland) whe e disposal p ojec s o spen nuclea uel and high-le el nuclea was e a e
discussed om he pe spec i e o public au ho i ies. In Janua y 2019, he hi d wo kshop o
he DGRRF was o ganised by he Swiss au ho i y ENSI. The main opics included he o e sigh
p ac ices o disposal p ojec s and he e alua ion o R&D p og ammes in e ms o disposal
p ojec s. In e ac ion be ween he au ho i ies and a u u e licence applican be o e he licence
applica ion spa ked discussion. The p ac ices o Finland, Sweden and Swi ze land we e
conside ed o be good, bu he impo ance o keeping oles and esponsibili ies clea om
he ou se was also emphasised. The e alua ion o R&D p og ammes is qui e simila in all
coun ies, bo h in e ms o subs ance con en and implemen a ion me hods. I was es ablished
ha sha ing he e alua ion plans and e alua ion esul summa ies among he g oup membe s
could be use ul. On he las day o he wo kshop, Mon Te i Rock Labo a o y (a gillaceous
ock) was isi ed, whe e also Posi a has pa icipa ed in some esea ch p ojec s. Swi ze land’s
special ea u e is ha he na ional au ho i y ENSI commissions also i s own esea ch p ojec s
om Mon Te i Rock Labo a o y.
The VVER Fo um is a coope a ion g oup o au ho i ies ope a ing Russian VVER
p essu ized wa e - ype nuclea acili ies, mainly concen a ing on de eloping o e sigh
ac i i ies o plan s ope a ing in i s membe coun ies. Du ing 2019, STUK pa icipa ed in he
wo king g oup ac i i ies o he VVER o um and in he o um’s annual mee ing in Bulga ia.
Bila e al coope a ion be ween au ho i ies
STUK con inued i s egula mee ings wi h he Swedish nuclea sa e y au ho i y SSM,
ocusing on opical issues conce ning nuclea powe plan s. The issues included opical
o e sigh ma e s conce ning plan s and he ela ed ools, he managemen sys em o
egula o y o e sigh o nuclea sa e y, compe ence and esou ce issues o he au ho i ies,
STUK’s new s a egy and he ela ed de elopmen p ojec s and compa ison o egula o y
p ac ices, changes o sa e y egula ions and inspec o exchange be ween au ho i ies.
The F ench nuclea sa e y au ho i y, Au o i é de sû e é nucléai e (ASN) asked STUK
o p o ide aining on he licensing and o e sigh o a nuclea was e inal disposal acili y.
STUK o ganised a week-long aining, he con en o which was ag eed oge he wi h ASN.
The aining co e ed moni o ing o a inal disposal acili y, long- e m sa e y, e alua ion
o acili y design du ing he cons uc ion licence phase, he inspec ion p og amme du ing
cons uc ion. In addi ion, he aining included a isi o Posi a’s inal disposal acili y, whe e
he pa icipan s we e able o amilia ise hemsel es wi h he inal disposal acili y and ela ed
moni o ing.
64 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 1 OBJECTS OF REGULATION
FiR 1 esea ch eac o
Plan The mal powe In ope a ion Fuel TRIGA eac o ’s uel
ype
TRIGA Ma k II
esea ch eac o
250 kW 03/1962 – 06/2015 eac o co e con ains
80 uel ods wi h 15 kg
o u anium
u anium–zi conium
hyd id combina ion:
8% o u anium
91% o zi conium and
1% o hyd ogen
The use o VTT’s FiR 1 esea ch eac o in O aniemi, Espoo, s a ed in Ma ch 1962. VTT ended he use o he eac o in June
2015, and he eac o was placed in o a pe manen shu down s a e. VTT submi ed he ope a ing licence applica ion ega ding
decommissioning o he Go e nmen in June 2017.
O he objec s o egula o y o e sigh
In acco dance wi h Sec ion 2 o he Nuclea Ene gy Ac , he egula o y o e sigh o he use o
nuclea ene gy co e s he nuclea ma e ial in esea ch labo a o ies and in indus y. The con ol
also co e s nuclea equipmen , sys ems and in o ma ion as well as nuclea uel cycle- ela ed
esea ch and de elopmen ac i i ies and he anspo o nuclea ma e ials and nuclea was e.
In addi ion, he egula o y o e sigh o he use o nuclea ene gy co e s mining and
milling ope a ions aimed a p oducing u anium o ho ium. The planned Te a ame u anium
ex ac ion plan is pa o his g oup. As nuclea ma e ials, he in e media e p oduc s o me al
indus y con aining u anium ha e also been included in he egula o y o e sigh o he use
o nuclea ene gy when he concen a ion, as de ined by he nuclea ma e ial speci ica ion, is
exceeded in an indus ial p ocess o p oduc
65
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 2
Signi ican e en s a
nuclea powe plan s
Lo iisa nuclea powe plan
Annual ou ages a Lo iisa, 18 Augus –27 Sep embe 2019
Bo h uni s o he Lo iisa nuclea powe plan had sho so-called e uelling ou ages. Despi e
he sho ou ages, a la ge numbe o modi ica ions we e ca ied ou a bo h plan uni s.
The annual ou ages o he Lo iisa nuclea powe plan s a ed wi h he s opping o he
Lo iisa 2 uni on 18 Augus 2019. One mon h be o e he annual ou age, a leak was obse ed
in he cooling piping o one eme gency diesel gene a o a Lo iisa 2, which is why i was
necessa y o es ablish and co ec any p oblems caused by piping ib a ions on all ou cooling
pipelines ins alled in he eme gency diesel gene a o s o Lo iisa 2 in 2018. The wo k included
pipeline ib a ion mapping by Fo um wi h es s and analyses, planning and implemen ing he
necessa y epai s and long ial ope a ions o demons a e he iabili y o he solu ion be o e
s a ing up he plan uni . STUK p ocessed Fo um’s epo s and app o ed he co ec ions
made. The plan did no ecei e STUK’s au ho isa ion o s a -up un il he e was absolu e
ce ain y ha all diesels a Lo iisa 2 we e ully ope a ional in case o a long- e m need. The
annual ou age o Lo iisa 2 was comple ed on 13 Sep embe 2019.
Lo iisa 1 was s opped o i s annual ou age on 7 Sep embe 2019. O iginally, he in en was
o make he same modi ica ion o he eme gency diesel gene a o cooling pipes a Lo iisa 1
ha was made a Lo iisa 2 in 2018. Due o he indings made a Lo iisa 2 and he modi ica ions
made du ing he annual ou age in 2019, STUK app o ed Fo um’s p oposal o ans e he diesel
cooling piping modi ica ion o he annual ou age o 2020. The annual ou ages o Lo iisa ended
on 27 Sep embe 2019 when he Lo iisa 1 uni was econnec ed o he na ional g id.
Du ing he annual ou ages, Fo um ins alled o bo h plan uni s an addi ional ci cui
in o he cleaning sys em o he p ima y ci cui wa e o emo e impu i ies and adioac i i y
du ing he annual ou ages. Du ing he shu -down and s a -up o he eac o s, high le els
o impu i ies ci cula e in he p ima y ci cui , and when hey a e educed adia ion doses o
annual ou age wo ke s a e also educed. The addi ional ci cui s we e al eady in use in he s a -
up o bo h plan uni s.
In addi ion, Fo um ca ied ou inalising and inal wo k on he sa e y I&C e o m
implemen ed in 2018, which included disman ling a pa o he o iginal eac o p o ec ion
sys em and o he decommissioned sys ems and unc ions, and mino upda es and
modi ica ions o he new sys em ins alled in 2018. These included a modi ica ion o he s a -
up o he sp inkle sys em inside he con ainmen con olled by he plan p o ec ion sys em,
66 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 2 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
which inc eased he analysed cold c ack isk ma gin o he eac o essel a bo h plan uni s.
A e he modi ica ion, he sp ay wa e empe a u e s ays highe , so ha in he e en o
possible inco ec sp aying du ing powe ope a ion he ou side su ace o he eac o p essu e
essel will be subjec ed o a less o a he mal shock han wi h cold wa e .
The adia ion doses o he pe sonnel who pa icipa ed in he annual ou age o he Lo iisa
powe plan we e signi ican ly below he dose limi s laid down in adia ion legisla ion. The
collec i e ( o al) adia ion dose ecei ed by he pe sonnel was app oxima ely 268 manmS
a Lo iisa 2 and 234 manmS a Lo iisa 1. The adia ion doses a bo h plan uni s we e below
Fo um’s es ima e by jus unde a i h.
STUK also moni o s he adioac i i y o he en i onmen nea he Lo iisa powe plan
by analysing samples collec ed om he ai , soil and ma ine en i onmen . Labo a o y
measu emen s e ealed e y small quan i ies o adioac i e subs ances, some o which
o igina e om he powe plan . The obse ed le els we e so small ha hey do no pose a isk
o people o he en i onmen .
In 2019, he egula o y o e sigh o ou age was pe o med by app oxima ely 30 STUK
expe s. They ensu ed ha Fo um ook ca e o adia ion and nuclea sa e y du ing he annual
ou age wo k. Du ing he annual ou ages, STUK also ca ied ou an inspec ion o he annual
ou ages in acco dance wi h he ope a ional inspec ion p og amme (see Appendix 3). This yea ’s
annual ou age inspec ion ocussed in pa icula on he e alua ion o con ol oom ope a ions
wi h he aim o es ablishing he ope a ing p ocedu es and p ac ices in he main con ol
ooms o he plan s du ing he annual ou age o Lo iisa. O he inspec ion a ge s included
hea y li ing, implemen a ion o he addi ional ci cui o he p ima y ci cui cleaning sys em,
e uelling and adia ion p o ec ion. STUK’s gene al moni o ing heme was p ocedu es ela ed
o he managemen o o eign ma e ial ha STUK’s inspec o s e i ied a he wo k si es.
Acco ding o STUK’s indings, he annual ou ages we e pe o med sa ely. No sa e y de iciencies
ha would ha e equi ed immedia e in e en ion by STUK eme ged du ing he inspec ion. The
inspec ion summa y is p o ided in Appendix 3.
0
1
2
3
4
Lo iisa
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE A2.1 INES classi ied e en s a he Lo iisa plan (INES Le el 1).
FIGURE A2.2 Daily a e age g oss elec ical powe o he Lo iisa 1 plan uni in 2019.
0
100
200
300
400
500
Lo iisa 2, 2019MW
12345678910 11 12
FIGURE A2.3 Daily a e age g oss elec ical powe o he Lo iisa 2 plan uni in 2019.
0
100
200
300
400
500
Lo iisa 1, 2019MW
12345678910 11 12
67
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 2 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
which inc eased he analysed cold c ack isk ma gin o he eac o essel a bo h plan uni s.
A e he modi ica ion, he sp ay wa e empe a u e s ays highe , so ha in he e en o
possible inco ec sp aying du ing powe ope a ion he ou side su ace o he eac o p essu e
essel will be subjec ed o a less o a he mal shock han wi h cold wa e .
The adia ion doses o he pe sonnel who pa icipa ed in he annual ou age o he Lo iisa
powe plan we e signi ican ly below he dose limi s laid down in adia ion legisla ion. The
collec i e ( o al) adia ion dose ecei ed by he pe sonnel was app oxima ely 268 manmS
a Lo iisa 2 and 234 manmS a Lo iisa 1. The adia ion doses a bo h plan uni s we e below
Fo um’s es ima e by jus unde a i h.
STUK also moni o s he adioac i i y o he en i onmen nea he Lo iisa powe plan
by analysing samples collec ed om he ai , soil and ma ine en i onmen . Labo a o y
measu emen s e ealed e y small quan i ies o adioac i e subs ances, some o which
o igina e om he powe plan . The obse ed le els we e so small ha hey do no pose a isk
o people o he en i onmen .
In 2019, he egula o y o e sigh o ou age was pe o med by app oxima ely 30 STUK
expe s. They ensu ed ha Fo um ook ca e o adia ion and nuclea sa e y du ing he annual
ou age wo k. Du ing he annual ou ages, STUK also ca ied ou an inspec ion o he annual
ou ages in acco dance wi h he ope a ional inspec ion p og amme (see Appendix 3). This yea ’s
annual ou age inspec ion ocussed in pa icula on he e alua ion o con ol oom ope a ions
wi h he aim o es ablishing he ope a ing p ocedu es and p ac ices in he main con ol
ooms o he plan s du ing he annual ou age o Lo iisa. O he inspec ion a ge s included
hea y li ing, implemen a ion o he addi ional ci cui o he p ima y ci cui cleaning sys em,
e uelling and adia ion p o ec ion. STUK’s gene al moni o ing heme was p ocedu es ela ed
o he managemen o o eign ma e ial ha STUK’s inspec o s e i ied a he wo k si es.
Acco ding o STUK’s indings, he annual ou ages we e pe o med sa ely. No sa e y de iciencies
ha would ha e equi ed immedia e in e en ion by STUK eme ged du ing he inspec ion. The
inspec ion summa y is p o ided in Appendix 3.
0
1
2
3
4
Lo iisa
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE A2.1 INES classi ied e en s a he Lo iisa plan (INES Le el 1).
FIGURE A2.2 Daily a e age g oss elec ical powe o he Lo iisa 1 plan uni in 2019.
0
100
200
300
400
500
Lo iisa 2, 2019MW
12345678910 11 12
FIGURE A2.3 Daily a e age g oss elec ical powe o he Lo iisa 2 plan uni in 2019.
0
100
200
300
400
500
Lo iisa 1, 2019
MW
12345678910 11 12
Damage o one eme gency diesel cooling piping o Lo iisa 2 in he piping eplaced in 2018
On 22 July 2019, Fo um de ec ed a leak in he cooling piping o one eme gency diesel gene a o
o Lo iisa 2 du ing he mon hly es . Fo um epai ed he leaking pipe, bu he e es on 24 July
2019 e ealed a new leak in ano he poin o he piping. A e he second leak, a la ge sec ion
o he piping was eplaced and suppo ed, because he e was a s ong suspicion ha ib a ions
had caused he leaks. In addi ion, Fo um inspec ed he o he eme gency diesels o Lo iisa 2
o map whe he he e could be a mo e wide- anging p oblem, because all cooling piping o he
eme gency diesel gene a o s (4) o Lo iisa 2 we e eplaced in 2018. Fo um sen he leaking pipe
pa s o VTT o analysis.
On he basis o he inciden , STUK equi ed a epo on he ope a ional condi ion o
all eme gency diesel gene a o s a Lo iisa 2 and he necessa y epai s be o e he s a -up
o he plan uni . The epai made immedia ely a e he mani es a ion o he ailu e and
he subsequen ial ope a ion con i med ha he plan was able o sa ely con inue powe
ope a ion un il he annual ou ages.
VTT’s analyses con i med ha he cause o he e en was a a igue ac u e esul ing om
ib a ion o he piping. Fo um p epa ed s eng h calcula ions o he cooling wa e piping
aimed a iden i ying he causes o he ailu e and possible co ec i e measu es. Jus be o e he
annual ou age, Fo um ca ied ou a 72-hou long- e m es on one o he eme gency diesel
gene a o s o con i m he signi icance o he suppo ing eplaced on 24 July. No leaks we e
de ec ed du ing he es .
68 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 2 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Howe e , on 15 Augus 2019, Fo um es ima ed, based on he esul s o he s eng h
calcula ions, ha he piping ins alled in 2018 will no wi hs and long- e m ib a ions and
o ced displacemen a di e en poin s o he pipe ends. As a esul , Fo um decided o add o
he o he wo diesel gene a o s lexible me al bellows o esol e he o ced displacemen s and
suppo s o esol e he ib a ions causing se ice li e issues. As he e we e unce ain ies in he
calcula ions and modelling, Fo um decided o epai he piping o wo gene a o s ins ead o
ou o a oid a possible common cause ailu e o all eme gency diesel gene a o s o he plan
uni . STUK app o ed he app oach and designs o piping modi ica ions.
Fi s , he modi ica ion was implemen ed on one machine. In o de o con i m he
unc ionali y o he solu ion, a 72-hou ial ope a ion was ca ied ou o ensu e long- e m
eliabili y. On 29 Augus 2019, howe e , his eliabili y es had o be discon inued because
a leak was de ec ed in one o he ins alled me al bellows. As a co ec i e measu e, he me al
bellows we e ins alled unde comp ession and he eliabili y es was s a ed om he
beginning. On 31 Augus 2019, he 72-hou eliabili y es had o be discon inued again because
one o he a ched me al bellows was leaking. Du ing he p e ious leak, i was hough ha he
a ched ins alla ion would p o ec he lexible me al bellows and, he e o e, no p ecomp ession
had been applied o i as in he case o he o he bellows.
As a co ec i e measu e, Fo um decided o quali y and ins all ubbe bellows in he place
o he me al bellows. This solu ion is used in simila ype diesel engines in o he coun ies.
STUK app o ed he ins alla ion o he ubbe bellows, bu only o one yea , because he e was
insu icien documen a ion on he long- e m beha iou o hese ubbe bellows. This solu ion
enabled Fo um o success ully pe o m he new 72-hou ial ope a ions. STUK e iewed
Fo um’s epo s on he ope abili y o all diesel gene a o s be o e he plan was s a ed. The
plan did no ecei e STUK’s au ho isa ion o s a -up un il he e was absolu e ce ain y ha
all eme gency diesel gene a o s a Lo iisa 2 we e ully ope a ional in case o a long- e m need.
The e ha e been no leaks in he ins alled ubbe bellows du ing he ope a ing pe iod ollowing
he annual ou age.
As a u he measu e, Fo um submi ed a sepa a e ope a ional e en epo o STUK o
app o al in Oc obe 2019, which desc ibed he cou se o e en s s a ing wi h he leak obse ed
on 22 July 2019 and analysing he lessons lea n om he e en and he co ec i e ac ions
aken. Fo um will also p epa e a sepa a e oo cause analysis o he e en , which will examine
he di e en design phases o he 2018 eplacemen o he diesels’ cooling wa e piping and
decision-making du ing he 2018 annual ou age. Fo um will submi he oo cause analysis o
STUK o in o ma ion in he ea ly sp ing o 2020.
Insu icien compensa ion o empe a u es measu ed in he p ima y ci cui pipe and he
eac o co e o Lo iisa 2 du ing s a -up.
Du ing he s a -up o Lo iisa 2 on 6 Sep embe 2019, he compensa ion o he empe a u es
measu ed in he p ima y ci cui pipe and he eac o co e was ca ied ou , in de ia ion om
he es p ocedu e, wi h i e main coolan pumps in ope a ion, as he es equi emen is o
ha e all six main coolan pumps in ope a ion. The eason o s opping one pump was he need
o sepa a e he pump due o high ib a ions jus when he compensa ion was abou o be
pe o med. This is a es acco ding o he Ope a ional Limi s and Condi ions (OLC), which is
69
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 2 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
in ended o minimise he unce ain ies o eac o calcula ion in o de o be e know, among
o he hings, he powe dis ibu ion be ween he uel ods in he eac o co e.
The pe sons in cha ge o he compensa ion es ima ed ha pe o ming he compensa ion
wi h i e pumps in ope a ion would be su icien , so he compensa ion was pe o med. No
sepa a e w i en plan was p epa ed o he de ia ion. The eac o enginee esponsible o he
acili y’s eac o s a e and eac o calcula ion was also no in o med o he ma e and no clea
app o al o he gained esul s was sough om hem.
Since he sepa a ed main coolan pump con inued o ib a e a e commissioning despi e
he co ec i e measu es aken, he plan was b ough back in o a shu down s a e o he
eplacemen o he main coolan pump on 10 Sep embe . Bu he compensa ion was no
epea ed in he ollowing s a -up.
The ma e was no obse ed un il he eac o ’s powe dis ibu ion inspec ions ca ied ou
on 23 Sep embe 2019, in his connec ion Fo um decided o epo he ma e on 25 Sep embe
2019 and e i ied he si ua ion wi h calcula ions. A his poin , also STUK was in o med
and equi ed Fo um o submi a epo and OLC de ia ion applica ion on he ma e and o
p ocess he ma e as an OLC iola ion, because i was unclea wha he sa e y signi icance o
he de ia ion is.
Du ing he hea ing o Lo iisa 1, on 26 Sep embe 2019, Fo um es ed he e ec o he
compensa ion on he empe a u e measu emen s o he p ima y ci cui cold and ho legs, a
which ime he empe a u e calib a ion was i s ca ied ou wi h i e and hen six pumps.
The esul s ob ained did no di e signi ican ly om hose calcula ed a Lo iisa 2. On his
basis, he empe a u e in he s opped ci cui was only 0.3 °C highe han in he o he s, wi h
a ole ance o 0.5 °C. On 27 Sep embe 2019, Fo um submi ed o STUK he OLC de ia ion
applica ion including hese mo e comp ehensi e sa e y cases, and STUK app o ed he
applica ion. On 28 No embe 2019, Fo um submi ed o STUK he inal ope a ional e en
epo co e ing he causes o he e en and co ec i e ac ions in a comp ehensi e manne .
The e en did no ha e di ec signi icance in iew o plan sa e y. The compensa ion has no
e ec on p o ec ion signals, such as he sc am, because hey use uncompensa ed alues.
A ailed compensa ion can lead o an inaccu a e calcula ion o he eac o powe
dis ibu ion used o ensu e he necessa y uel assembly powe limi s. The e is a sepa a e,
dedica ed ala m in he con ol oom o excessi e assembly powe , which issues a wa ning
be o e he allowed assembly powe is eached. I i is suspec ed ha he assembly powe could
be exceeded, he o al powe o he eac o is es ic ed.
Howe e , du ing he e en , he e was no clea image o he o e all si ua ion and he
p ocedu es did no p o ide su icien suppo o he ope a ions. The eason o he de ia ions
was he di e ences and inaccu acies in he a ious p ocedu es and p ac ices, o example, he
app o al p ocedu e was no su icien ly ins uc ed. The decision o pe o m he es wi h 5
pumps and i s jus i ica ions we e no documen ed and i was no assessed how he de ia ion
om he p ocedu es a ec s he ul ilmen o he OLC equi emen . In addi ion, no ime limi
o c i e ia we e speci ied o he app o al o e iew o he compensa ion. The e was also a lack
o ce ain y as o whe he he compensa ion can be made in some o he s a e.
As co ec i e measu es, Fo um will imp o e i s p ocedu es and se clea e pe o mance and
accep abili y c i e ia o he compensa ion.
70 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 2 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan
Olkiluo o annual ou ages on 1 May–11 June 2019
The Olkiluo o annual ou ages s a ed on 1 May 2019, when TVO shu down Olkiluo o 2 o a
main enance ou age. Du ing he main enance o uni 2, which ended on 26 May, TVO ca ied
ou he wo k associa ed wi h a no mal annual ou age, such as eplacing app oxima ely one-
i h o i s nuclea uel wi h esh uel. TVO also con inued he modi ica ion o he s a up and
shu down piping sys em a Olkiluo o 2 by ins alling new eci cula ing lines in wo subsys ems.
The modi ica ion allowed o signi ican ly educe he dependency o he s a up and shu down
piping sys em on seawa e cooling. TVO also pe o med a p essu e es o he p ima y ci cui
a uni 2. STUK equi ed he comple ion o he es in acco dance wi h p essu e equipmen
legisla ion in he s a emen gi en on he ope a ing licence applica ion o Olkiluo o 1 and 2. The
leak igh ness o he p ima y ci cui was a a good le el and he accep abili y c i e ia se o he
es we e me wi h a ai ma gin. Acco ding o STUK’s obse a ions, he pe sonnel in ol ed in
ca ying ou he p essu e es ac ed in an exempla y manne . A co esponding p essu e es will
be pe o med a Olkiluo o 1 in 2020.
The uel eplacemen ou age o Olkiluo o 1 s a ed on 2 June 2019. Du ing he uel
eplacemen ou age, TVO eplaced app oxima ely a i h o he nuclea uel o esh uel and
pe o med main enance wo k included in a no mal annual ou age. The annual ou ages ended
when, a e STUK had issued he s a -up pe mi , uni 1 o he Olkiluo o powe plan was
econnec ed o he na ional g id on Tuesday, 11 June.
The adia ion doses o he pe sonnel who pa icipa ed in he annual ou age o he Olkiluo o
powe plan we e signi ican ly below he dose limi s laid down in he Radia ion Dec ee as well
as he dose es ic ions se o i sel by he powe company.
STUK moni o s he adioac i i y o he en i onmen nea he Olkiluo o powe plan and
egula ly akes samples o he ai , soil and ma ine en i onmen . Du ing he annual ou age,
ex emely small amoun s o adioac i e iodine we e obse ed in he ai a sampling s a ions
nea he powe plan . This was o be expec ed because uel ods ha had b oken du ing
he ope a ing cycle we e emo ed om he eac o du ing he annual ou age. The obse ed
amoun s o iodine we e so small ha hey could ba ely be de ec ed by he highly accu a e
measu ing ins umen s. They did no a ec he sa e y o he en i onmen o people.
This yea , he egula o y o e sigh o ou age was e o med by app oxima ely 30 STUK
expe s. They ensu ed ha TVO ook ca e o adia ion and nuclea sa e y du ing he annual
ou age wo k. Du ing he annual ou ages, STUK also ca ied ou an inspec ion o he annual
ou ages in acco dance wi h he ope a ional inspec ion p og amme. Du ing his yea ’s ou ages,
STUK moni o ed, in pa icula , he pe o mance o he p ima y ci cui p essu e es a
Olkiluo o 2. O he a eas o he inspec ion included ope a ing p ocedu es and p ac ices du ing
he annual ou age, adia ion p o ec ion o wo ke s, elec ical and I&C echnology, c i icali y
and sc am es s o he plan , cons uc ion enginee ing and i e p o ec ion. STUK’s gene al
o e sigh heme was p ocedu es ela ed o he managemen o o eign ma e ial ha STUK’s
inspec o s e i ied a he wo k si es. Based on he inspec ion, he annual ou ages wen sa ely
and almos all he wo k planned o hem was comple ed. No sa e y de iciencies ha would
ha e equi ed immedia e in e en ion by STUK eme ged du ing he inspec ion. The inspec ion
summa y is p o ided in Appendix 3.
0
1
2
3
Olkiluo o
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE A2.4 INES classi ied e en s a he Olkiluo o plan (INES Le el 1).
0
200
400
600
800
12345678910 11 12
Olkiluo o 1, 2019
MW
FIGURE A2.5 Daily a e age g oss elec ical powe o he Lo iisa 1 plan uni in 2019.
0
200
400
600
800
12345678910 11 12
Olkiluo o 2, 2019
MW
FIGURE A2.6 Daily a e age g oss elec ical powe o he Lo iisa 2 plan uni in 2019.
71
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 2 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
This yea , he egula o y o e sigh o ou age was e o med by app oxima ely 30 STUK
expe s. They ensu ed ha TVO ook ca e o adia ion and nuclea sa e y du ing he annual
ou age wo k. Du ing he annual ou ages, STUK also ca ied ou an inspec ion o he annual
ou ages in acco dance wi h he ope a ional inspec ion p og amme. Du ing his yea ’s ou ages,
STUK moni o ed, in pa icula , he pe o mance o he p ima y ci cui p essu e es a
Olkiluo o 2. O he a eas o he inspec ion included ope a ing p ocedu es and p ac ices du ing
he annual ou age, adia ion p o ec ion o wo ke s, elec ical and I&C echnology, c i icali y
and sc am es s o he plan , cons uc ion enginee ing and i e p o ec ion. STUK’s gene al
o e sigh heme was p ocedu es ela ed o he managemen o o eign ma e ial ha STUK’s
inspec o s e i ied a he wo k si es. Based on he inspec ion, he annual ou ages wen sa ely
and almos all he wo k planned o hem was comple ed. No sa e y de iciencies ha would
ha e equi ed immedia e in e en ion by STUK eme ged du ing he inspec ion. The inspec ion
summa y is p o ided in Appendix 3.
0
1
2
3
Olkiluo o
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
FIGURE A2.4 INES classi ied e en s a he Olkiluo o plan (INES Le el 1).
0
200
400
600
800
12345678910 11 12
Olkiluo o 1, 2019
MW
FIGURE A2.5 Daily a e age g oss elec ical powe o he Lo iisa 1 plan uni in 2019.
0
200
400
600
800
12345678910 11 12
Olkiluo o 2, 2019MW
FIGURE A2.6 Daily a e age g oss elec ical powe o he Lo iisa 2 plan uni in 2019.
72 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 2 SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
The e we e a e adioac i e subs ances in he sea a ea in on o Olkiluo o
In he samples collec ed by STUK om he ma ine en i onmen o he Olkiluo o nuclea powe
plan , mo e adioac i e subs ances han usual o igina ing om he nuclea powe plan we e
de ec ed in Sep embe and Oc obe . The amoun s we e e y small, o no impo ance in iew o
people and he en i onmen .
The eason o he indings was a ailu e o he liquid was e p ocessing sys em a uni 1 o
he Olkiluo o powe plan . Due o he ailu e, he e apo a o in ended o he ea men o
was e wa e canno be used and wa e eleased in o he en i onmen is pu i ied by means o
il a ion. The me hod is less e ec i e han e apo a ion. Radioac i i y limi s ha e been se
o he wa e eleases o he nuclea powe plan ha canno be exceeded. The eleases om
Olkiluo o a e s ill clea ly below he limi s.
Samples collec ed om he ma ine en i onmen o he nuclea powe plan s occasionally
e eal small quan i ies o adioac i e subs ances o igina ing om he powe plan . The
samples in Oc obe and No embe we e excep ional, as hey con ained, o example,
caesium-134 and iodine-131, which a e e y a ely obse ed. Among he o he obse ed
adioac i e subs ances we e cobal -60, ch omium-51, manganese-54 and ce ium-141. The le els
o caesium-137 and i ium we e also highe han no mal. The obse ed adioac i e subs ances
a e only de ec able om he samples ia highly sensi i e labo a o y measu emen s, and in
p ac ice he obse ed quan i ies ha e no e ec on he adioac i i y o sea wa e o sea plan s
and animals.
73
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3
Pe iodic inspec ion p og amme
o nuclea powe plan s 2019
Inspec ions included in he pe iodic inspec ion p og amme ocus on sa e y managemen , ope a ional
main p ocesses and p ocedu es as well as he echnical accep abili y o sys ems. The compliance o sa e y
assessmen s, ope a ion, main enance and p o ec ion ac i i ies wi h he equi emen s o nuclea sa e y
egula ions a e e i ied wi h he inspec ions. No ma e ial de iciencies wi h an e ec on he sa e y o he
plan , he pe sonnel o he en i onmen we e obse ed in he 2019 inspec ions.
Basic p og amme
Inspec ions in 2019
Lo iisa 1 and 2 Olkiluo o 1 and 2
Human esou ces and compe ence x x
Managemen and sa e y cul u e x x
Managemen sys em x
Disposal acili ies x
Chemis y x x
Ope a ing expe ience eedback x
Ope a ion x
Plan main enance x x
Fi e p o ec ion x
U ilisa ion o he PRA x
S uc u es and buildings x
Radia ion P o ec ion x x
Nuclea secu i y x x
Sa e y design x x
Sa e y unc ions x x
Eme gency a angemen s x x
Powe plan was e x
Annual ou age x x
Nuclea sa egua ds x
Special subjec s
Managemen o human ac o s x
Con ol o manu ac u e and deli e y chain in he EDG p ojec
(addi ional)
x
Ma e s conce ning Olkiluo o 3 a e also e iewed in he pe iodic inspec ion p og amme o Olkiluo o i he ma e s o be
e iewed a e common o he whole o TVO, no me ely plan uni -speci ic. Plan uni -speci ic (OL1/2 and OL3) inspec ions a e
Conduc o ope a ions, Plan main enance, Sa e y Func ions and Annual ou age.
80 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
analyses de eloped conside ably. The cu en documen s uc u e used by Fo um o acciden
managemen and analyses is sys ema ic and o ms a logical whole.
On he basis o he inspec ion, STUK p esen ed one equi emen ega ding he de elopmen
o he modi ica ion design p ocedu es: Fo um mus de elop i s p ocedu es o ensu e ha he
e ec s o po en ial common cause ailu es o an indi idual componen ype a e ully aken in o
accoun in he design.
Sa e y unc ions, 6–7 No embe 2019
The inspec ion assessed he licensee’s p ocedu es used o ensu e ha he sys ems
implemen ing sa e y unc ions a e in a s a e equi ed o sa e y and ha hei basis is co ec .
The inspec ion was ca ied ou a sys em le el, by means o a c oss- echnological inspec ion.
The 2019 inspec ion ocused on he p ima y ci cui bo on supply, neu on lux measu emen ,
eac o co e empe a u e measu emen and he eac o sc am sys em’s esponse ime in
di e en si ua ions.
Wi h ega d o he bo on supply sys em, he equipmen ailu es, comple ed eplacemen s,
main enance measu es and es s as well as a summa y o he spa e pa s we e co e ed.
In e ms o he neu on lux measu emen , he measu emen calib a ion, senso
modi ica ions and se ice li e managemen we e co e ed. Also he main enance, spa e pa
s a us and ageing managemen o he mocouples used o measu e he eac o co e empe a u e
we e examined.
As ega ds he esponse ime o he eac o sc am sys em, he sc am unc ion aking place
ia he neu on lux measu emen , which is he longes o he measu ing sequences, was
selec ed o inspec ion. In addi ion o he ealisa ion o he esponse ime, his inspec ion
ocused on he co e age o pe iodic es ing. The inspec ion did no es ablish whe he he
ul ilmen o he esponse ime equi emen o he whole chain o unc ions becomes
egula ly demons a ed, and ull ce ain y on comp ehensi e pe iodic es ing co e ing he
whole chain o p o ec ion unc ions was no eached, i.e. do he indi idual es s ca ied ou in
ba ches o e lap su icien ly o demons a e he co ec unc ioning o he in e aces. On he
basis o he inspec ion, STUK p esen ed no equi emen s. As he esponse ime equi emen s
o he sa e y unc ions and hei pe iodic es ing a e a ele an opic also in a wide sense han
in iew o he unc ions selec ed o his inspec ion, STUK decided o issue a sepa a e eques
o cla i ica ion on he opic, which can be e ake hese o he aspec s in o accoun .
Eme gency esponse a angemen s, 19–20 No embe 2019
The inspec ion ega ding he eme gency esponse a angemen s co e s he eme gency
esponse a angemen s, p ocedu es, acili ies and aining o he nuclea powe plan . I
co e s he lessons lea n o e he pas yea on eme gency esponse ope a ions, expe iences
and eedback on eme gency esponse exe cises and he de elopmen p ojec s o eme gency
esponse ope a ions. The inspec ion a ea also includes he au oma ic adia ion moni o ing
o he en i onmen , me eo ological measu emen s and o ecas ing o dispe sion. The 2019
inspec ion also co e ed he p ocess-like ope a ions o he eme gency esponse o ganisa ion,
he assessmen o he design bases and ecei ing ex e nal assis ance in acco dance wi h
81
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Sec ion 3 and he aining and o ien a ion o he eme gency wo ke s and helpe s in an
eme gency si ua ion in acco dance wi h Sec ion 4 o STUK Regula ion Y/2/2018.
Based on he inspec ion, STUK equi ed, in ela ion o o ien a ion du ing an eme gency
si ua ion, ha Fo um mus de elop i s o ien a ion o eme gency wo ke s and helpe s a i ing
a he powe plan si e, p epa e he necessa y ma e ial, speci y he aining a angemen s and
ain a su icien numbe o pe sonnel o p o iding o ien a ion.
Fo um’s eme gency esponse a angemen s a e a a good le el and i s o ganisa ion
de elops he eme gency esponse a angemen s in acco dance wi h he egula ions and
p ocedu es.
Annual ou age 18 Augus –25 Sep embe 2019
The annual ou age inspec ion co e ed and e i ied he powe plan ’s annual ou age ac ions
used o main ain sa e y as well as he ac ions used o manage and con ol ope a ions du ing
an annual ou age. Inspec o s om se e al ields o echnology om STUK’s nuclea eac o
egula ion depa men pa icipa ed in he inspec ion. They had hei own p ede e mined
inspec ion a eas. STUK also pe o med gene al o e sigh o he plan si e by means o egula
si e walk-a ounds and o e seeing he p og ess o planned wo k, o example. Fu he mo e,
STUK o e saw he way in which sa e y is p io i ised in he licensee’s decision-making p ocess.
The annual ou age inspec ion ocussed in pa icula on he e alua ion o con ol oom
ope a ions wi h he aim o es ablishing he ope a ing p ocedu es and p ac ices in he
main con ol ooms o he plan s du ing he annual ou age o Lo iisa. On he basis o he
inspec ion, STUK equi ed ha he ope a ing g oups o he Lo iisa powe plan mus de elop
he assessmen o hei own ope a ions and make i mo e sys ema ic and p ocess he sepa a e
indings o he inspec ion in a aceable manne . STUK will inspec he de elopmen o he
si ua ion alongside i s o he o e sigh wo k. O he inspec ion a ge s included hea y li ing,
implemen a ion o he addi ional ci cui o he p ima y ci cui cleaning sys em, e uelling and
adia ion p o ec ion.
In he egula o y o e sigh a ge ing he managemen o o eign ma e ial, STUK e i ied
he p ocedu es implemen ed by Fo um du ing he annual ou age bo h in he con olled
a eas o he plan uni s and in he u bine halls. STUK made se e al obse a ions abou
o eign ma e ial isks and abou he good o inadequa e use o p o ec ions. The e we e clea
imp o emen s in he ope a ions du ing he annual ou age in compa ison o he p e ious
yea , in e ms o bo h using o eign ma e ial p o ec ions and in he s o age o goods kep a
he wo k si es. Fo um had made he sepa a ions and ma kings o wo k si es one o he sa e y
hemes o he annual ou age and, his yea , he Lo iisa powe plan had also in es ed in he
aining o i s own pe sonnel wi h he comple ion o he aining acili y in he sp ing. The
imp o emen in ope a ions was e i iable a he plan – he goods we e mainly ma ked and he
wo k si es had made a be e use o sepa a ions han be o e. Acco ding o STUK’s obse a ions,
he managemen o o eign ma e ial a wo k si es had imp o ed.
STUK ca ied ou i s egula o y o e sigh a ge ing he adia ion p o ec ion ac i i ies by
ca ying ou se e al acili y walkdowns and by discussing wi h he ep esen a i es o Fo um’s
Radia ion P o ec ion Uni . Based on STUK’s obse a ions, mos o he wo k a eas es ablished
o p e en he sp ead o con amina ion we e sepa a ed and ma ked clea ly, and he e we e
82 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
su icien p o ec i e equipmen a ailable a he wo k a eas. Du ing he annual ou ages, he
cleanliness le el o he con olled a ea was good, and no signi ican sp ead o con amina ion
was obse ed. The objec s emi ing in ensi e adia ion we e clea ly ma ked, and he
modi ica ions wen smoo hly in iew o adia ion p o ec ion. The e we e a ew abno mal
e en s ela ed o adia ion p o ec ion du ing he annual ou ages. Con amina ed eac o
ools we e emo ed om he eac o hall o Lo iisa 2 wi hou app op ia e con amina ion
measu emen s, and measu ing objec s inside pocke s on he ool moni o was no ou ine
acco ding o STUK’s obse a ions.
STUK o e saw he p ocedu es o hea y li ing by moni o ing he li ing o he p o ec i e
ube uni s a he plan uni s and by compa ing he li ing plans wi h he li s ca ied ou . The
inspec ion did no e eal any de iciencies in ela ion o hea y li ing. STUK also moni o ed uel
ans e s ha we e ca ied ou sa ely and acco ding o p e-es ablished plans. The uel ans e
wo k was well o ganised and he ope a ion seemed app op ia e.
The egula o y o e sigh a ge ing he modi ica ion o he p ima y ci cui cleaning sys em,
STUK e i ied Fo um’s p ocedu es in he commissioning o he new cleaning cycle. The aim o
he modi ica ion is o allow he cleaning o he p ima y ci cui coolan du ing powe ope a ion
and also du ing he annual ou age. No de iciencies we e ound in he inspec ion.
No de ia ions ha would ha e equi ed immedia e in e en ion by STUK we e obse ed in
he ope a ions o Fo um du ing he annual ou age. Acco ding o STUK’s indings, he annual
ou ages we e pe o med sa ely.
Nuclea sa egua ds, 30–31 Oc obe 2019
The inspec ion a ge ed he nuclea sa egua ds sys em o Fo um’s Lo iisa nuclea powe plan .
The pu pose o he inspec ion was o es ablish how he Lo iisa plan is managing i s nuclea
sa egua ds obliga ions.
The inspec ion co e ed, among o he hings, how Fo um’s di ision o esponsibili ies
and obse a ion o nuclea sa egua ds a e aken in o accoun in di e en si ua ions, such
as p ocu emen p ojec s and uel handling, and how su icien esou ces and p o ision o
in o ma ion a e ensu ed o he pe son in cha ge o nuclea sa egua ds. To da e, he o e all
success o in e ac ion and nuclea sa egua ds has been assessed a Fo um la gely on he basis
o he inspec ion indings. Fo um is de eloping i s own me e o assess and epo success
mo e sys ema ically wi hin he company. The compe ence o he o ganisa ion has been
de eloped h ough nuclea sa egua ds aining. The e a e no ac ual successo plans o he
pe sons in cha ge o nuclea sa egua ds, so STUK equi ed hei es ablishmen .
The nuclea sa egua ds documen s a e kep well up- o-da e, ensu ing inspec ion eadiness.
The de elopmen o he sa egua ds manual is cu en ly ocused on co e ing he amendmen s
o Guide YVL D.1. In he cou se o he inspec ion, i was disco e ed ha in he mos ecen
upda e o he sa egua ds manual, i had been submi ed o STUK o in o ma ion oge he wi h
he plan p ocedu e package, and no o app o al as equi ed by Guide YVL D.1. STUK equi ed
ha he upda e o he sa egua ds manual be submi ed o STUK o app o al wi hou delay.
STUK also equi ed Fo um o p esen a p ocedu e o ensu e ha he in o ma ion p o ided
in he si e desc ip ion is co ec and up- o-da e.
83
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Inspec ions in acco dance wi h he pe iodic
inspec ion p og amme a he Olkiluo o plan
Human esou ces and compe ence, 2–4 Decembe 2019
The inspec ion assessed he e ec i eness e alua ion o he aining ac i i ies o he licensee,
he isk assessmen o o ganisa ional changes and he compe ence o main enance ac i i ies
and p ocu emen , as well as he adequacy o esou ces. The inspec ion was ca ied ou by
in e iewing s a om di e en uni s and di e en o ganisa ional le els and by e i ying
ma e ials om he licensee’s sys ems and documen a ion.
Du ing he summe and au umn o 2019, TVO has made o ganisa ional changes o imp o e
he smoo hness o i s ope a ions. The assessmen s o isks in ol ed in o ganisa ional changes
e eal cau ion in iden i ying isks and p oposing p epa a ions o hem. As hese changes we e
ecen , he inspec ion did no ye e eal any expe iences esul ing om hese changes. Du ing
he inspec ion, STUK s a ed ha he p ocedu e o he assessmen o o ganisa ional changes
does no suppo isk assessmen . I is oo gene al, which is why STUK equi ed TVO o upda e
he p ocedu e o he assessmen o o ganisa ional changes o ma ch he p ac ice.
In ecen yea s, a la ge numbe o main enance pe sonnel ha e been ec ui ed by TVO.
In ea ly Decembe 2019, STUK examined he expe iences ela ed o he o ien a ion and
de elopmen o p o essional skill o main enance pe sonnel h ough in e iews and documen
e iews. Acco ding o he examina ion, he main enance pe sonnel o he OL1/2 plan uni s
had clea ly be e expe iences o job managemen han hose o he OL3 plan uni . Acco ding
o STUK’s es ima e, his may be due o he ac ha he main enance o OL3 has no had as
much p e ious expe ience as he ope a ing acili ies. In addi ion, he job desc ip ion is s ill
changing because he ac ual main enance ope a ions a e no ye he esponsibili y o TVO. The
inspec ion also co e ed he esou ces and ope a ional possibili ies o p ocu emen ac i i ies.
Based on he inspec ion, i appea s ha TVO has in es ed in he p ocu emen o spa e pa s,
among o he hings, by acqui ing addi ional esou ces and de eloping ope a ing me hods.
On he basis o he inspec ion, STUK equi ed TVO o submi o STUK o in o ma ion a
main enance s a egy plan and a compe ence assessmen summa y o he equipmen owne s
and he ela ed de elopmen measu es be o e uel loading o OL3.
Managemen and sa e y cul u e, 15–16 Janua y 2020
The inspec ion was pos poned om he planned da e wi h a ew mon hs, so i was ca ied
ou in 2020. The inspec ion assessed TVO’s de elopmen measu es o imp o e he condi ions
o high-quali y wo k in he con ol oom o he OL3 plan uni . In addi ion, he inspec ion
add essed how TVO’s managemen is o ming an unde s anding o he issues o he h ee uni s
equi ing a en ion and how i p io i ises hem. The hi d inspec ion a ge was he p ocedu es
o he Olkiluo o powe plan o ensu e ha good sa e y cul u e is obse ed by he supplie s and
subcon ac o s.
TVO has aken a numbe o measu es o cla i y he esponsibili ies o he OL3 con ol oom
ope a ions and o manage he wo kload o he ope a o s. Among o he hings, he p ocedu e
upda es, which equi ed long- e m collabo a ion wi h he plan supplie and in which he oles
o he join o ganisa ions and, o example, ha o TVO’s shi supe iso ha e been desc ibed,
84 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
ha e been published. In addi ion, he plan s a us managemen o ganisa ion schedules wo k
and, hus, suppo s he manageabili y o con ol oom wo k. The implemen a ion o measu es
a ge ing he con ol oom ope a ions is s ill ongoing, and STUK expec s TVO o assess hei
e ec i eness du ing he sp ing.
TVO de eloped i s managemen o ums du ing 2019. In o de o p ocess he sa e y ma e s
o OL3, he OL3 plan mee ing and he OL3 sa e y g oup ha e been launched, simila ly o he
ope a ing plan uni s. The OL3 p ojec ’s eme gency eadiness de elopmen is moni o ed by
he OL3 Eme gency Coo dina ion Team, which is suppo ed by he so-called si ua ion oom.
The es ablishmen o he o e all pic u e is p omo ed by he ac ha same managemen
ep esen a i es pa icipa e in speci ic mee ings o bo h he ope a ing acili ies and OL3. On he
basis o he inspec ion, TVO’s managemen has planned h ee-uni managemen o ums and
app op ia e p ocessing o sa e y ma e s.
Ensu ing good sa e y cul u e o supplie s is conside ed impo an a TVO, and he
expec a ions o he nuclea indus y a e emphasised o he supplie s and he sho comings in
ope a ions a e add essed. Howe e , he ela ed ins uc ions in TVO’s managemen sys em a e
limi ed, and obse a ions- ela ed in o ma ion abou he supplie s’ sa e y cul u e is cu en ly
dispe sed and, in pa , aci knowledge. TVO has ini ia ed de elopmen measu es o manage
in o ma ion and de elop supplie e alua ions, among o he hings. STUK se a equi emen
ega ding his opic.
Chemis y, 29-30 Janua y 2019
The inspec ion assessed he p ocedu es used o main ain and con ol he chemical condi ions
o sys ems impo an o sa e y and o con ol he adionuclide concen a ions o he p ima y
coolan . The inspec ion did no esul in equi emen s, bu eigh obse a ions we e made, ou
o which we e posi i e.
The inspec ion in ol ed going o e he moni o ing o he chemical and adiochemical
condi ions o he OL1 and OL2 uni s in e ms o yea s 2016, 2017 and 2018. The e ha e been
no OLC de ia ions du ing hese yea s. In addi ion, he moni o ing o hyd ochemis y and
adiochemis y o he OL3 loading pool was e iewed. The e ha e been no de ia ions in his
a ea ei he .
TVO has s eng hened he subs ance compe ence o chemis y, among o he hings,
by adding a chemis , labo a o y enginee and labo a o y analys o he chemis y eam. In
addi ion, s a , who ha e p e iously wo ked in he chemis y eam, ha e ans e ed o o he
wo k du ies wi hin TVO. The ope a ions o he OL3 labo a o y ha e been in eg a ed in o
ope a ions o he OL1 and OL2 labo a o y, i.e. i was es ablished ha he acili y has one
join chemis y eam. I was es ablished ha he ope a i e moni o ing o he OL3 chemical
condi ions and ou ine labo a o y ac i i ies had s a ed. STUK moni o s he aining o
labo a o y pe sonnel as pa o i s egula o y o e sigh . A cause o conce n in he OL3
labo a o y is noise nuisance, which also TVO i sel has aken in o accoun in he isk su ey.
The inspec ion also e i ied he esul s o he chemical and adiochemical compa ison
analyses o 2016, 2017 and 2018, as well as he con ol o he equipmen -speci ic QC quali y
ca ds and he keeping o he equipmen logs. Based on he inspec ion, TVO has imp o ed
85
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
he quali y managemen o labo a o y wo k. In addi ion, TVO has de eloped HU p ocedu es
(human pe o mance managemen ) in he chemis y suba ea.
The inspec ion co e ed he ac i i ies o he chemis y wo king g oup, in pa icula in iew
o he sa e y-classi ied ma e ials. I is impo an o communica e in o ma ion abou he sa e y-
classi ied ma e ials o he pe sonnel and o be able o ace his o y da a o sa e y-classi ied
ma e ials in iew o ope a ional e en s. On he basis o he inspec ion, TVO has de eloped i s
p ocedu es o sa e y-classi ied ma e ials.
Ope a ing expe ience eedback, 1–2 Oc obe 2019
The inspec ion a ge ed he p ocesses and o ganising o he powe plan ’s ope a ing expe ience
eedback and he ela ed p ocedu es and p ac ices. The inspec ion assessed in pa icula he
u ilisa ion o ex e nal ope a ing expe ience eedback. The inspec ion e i ied he p ocedu es
and hei unc ioning h ough example cases.
The inspec ion e iewed he o ganising o TVO’s ex e nal ope a ing expe ience eedback.
TVO’s ope a ing expe ience eedback co e s also he OL3 plan uni and he ope a ions o
Posi a. The iannually mee ing ope a ing expe ience eedback s ee ing g oup con ols and
di ec s ope a ions. TVO has e ised he p ocedu e o ope a ing expe ience eedback o be e
e lec he ope a ions, and all he ins uc ions ha e been compiled o o m a manual-like
en i y. Fo he selec ion, sc eening and e alua ion o ex e nal ope a ing expe ience, TVO
coope a es ex ensi ely wi h a ious ex e nal ope a o s (e.g. No dERF), in which espec TVO
p esen ed he p ocedu es in place o moni o ing, sc eening and analysing o ope a ional
expe ience.
Based on he inspec ion, he o ganisa ion o and ins uc ions o TVO’s ex e nal ope a ing
expe ience eedback ha e been de eloped and he ope a ions imp o ed in line wi h he
changes in he ope a ing en i onmen . On he basis o he inspec ion, STUK did no se any
equi emen s o TVO’s ex e nal ope a ing expe ience eedback.
Conduc o ope a ions (OL1/2), 1–2 Oc obe 2019
The inspec ion ocused on he conduc o ope a ions o he OL1/2 plan uni s. The inspec ion
a ge s included he de elopmen wo k o he p ocedu es o abno mal condi ions and
eme gency p ocedu es as well as he alida ion o he p ocedu es and he implemen a ion o
he ope a o examina ions.
I was es ablished in he inspec ion ha he plan p epa ed by TVO o 2017–2019 o he
de elopmen o he p ocedu es o abno mal condi ions and eme gency p ocedu es has no
been implemen ed as planned. Ou o he asks included in he plan, many had had jus he
p elimina y backg ound epo s done o allow s a ing he de elopmen o he p ocedu es.
A small pa o he asks had been comple ed in hei en i e y. Some o he asks included
in he plan we e s ill o be s a ed. In addi ion, TVO does no sys ema ically moni o he
implemen a ion o he de elopmen plan. On he basis o he inspec ion, STUK equi ed TVO
o p epa e a ollow-up plan o con inue he de elopmen wo k and o de elop sys ema ic
p ocedu es o moni o ing he p og ess o he plan.
The p ocedu es o e i ying and alida ing he p ocedu es o abno mal condi ions
and eme gency p ocedu es o TVO we e e i ied om he ela ed p ocedu e and comple ed
86 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
p o ocols. P io o he inspec ion, STUK also pa icipa ed in he simula o alida ion o he
new p ocedu es o abno mal condi ions. De elopmen needs we e iden i ied bo h in he
p ocedu es, in he p epa a ion o p o ocols and in he gene al alida ion p ac ices. STUK
equi ed TVO o de elop he e i ica ion and alida ion me hods o he p ocedu es o
abno mal condi ions and eme gency p ocedu es and o upda e he ela ed p ocedu es.
The inspec ion also co e ed, in iew o he o al ope a o examina ions, he p epa a ion and
selec ion o ques ions. In addi ion, he pa icipan s and p ac ices o he o al examina ions
we e discussed. STUK es ablished ha TVO’s p ac ices o conduc ing he ope a o
examina ions a e well es ablished and unc ional.
Plan main enance (OL1/2), 27–28 Ma ch 2019
The inspec ion assessed he adequacy o he esou ces, unc ions and asks associa ed wi h
he condi ion moni o ing and main enance o he OL1 and OL2 plan uni s o ensu e he sa e
ope a ion o he plan uni s in he design-basis ope a ional and en i onmen al condi ions. The
selec ed inspec ion i ems we e
• means o iden i ying coun e ei p oduc s in he ac o y and accep ance inspec ions o
equipmen , spa e pa s and ma e ials
• condi ion moni o ing o he uel ans e piping o he eme gency diesel gene a o s
• inspec ion p ocedu es o small-diame e piping and hei suppo s in inaccessible ooms
du ing ope a ion
• ensu ing he ope abili y o spa e pa s pas hei ecommended li e in case i is absolu ely
necessa y o use hese pa s
• ese e o c i ical (long- e m ope a ional occu ences and acciden s) spa e pa s
• speci ying he licensee’s s uc u al compe ence
• eadiness o he licensee o ca y ou such inspec ions ha can be ca ied ou when he
oppo uni y o he inspec ion p esen s i sel alongside o he asks (measu e om he
WENRA/ENSREG pee e iew)
• pe iodic es ing o pumps
• quali ica ions o in-se ice inspec ions (NDT)
• p og amme o pe iodic p essu e es o he OL2 eac o p essu e essel
• he licensee’s main enance human esou ces
• budge s, ealisa ions and o ecas s o p essu e and empe a u e ansien s (ageing
managemen )
No signi ican de iciencies we e iden i ied in he inspec ion. STUK eques ed speci ica ions
o addi ional cla i ica ion on some issues, o example, in he es esul s o sa e y-classi ied
pumps, some inaccu acies we e ound when examined agains he design bases speci ied in
he sa e y analysis. In addi ion, he quali ica ion o he su ace inspec ion me hods o he in-
se ice inspec ions has no ye been comple ed, and he accep abili y c i e ia o he pe iodic
p essu e es o he eac o p essu e essel we e ound o be inadequa e. [The accep abili y
c i e ia we e upda ed a e he inspec ion and well be o e he p essu e es o he 2019 annual
ou age o OL2.]
87
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Fi e p o ec ion, 30–31 Oc obe 2019
The inspec ion conce ned he i e p o ec ion a angemen s a he nuclea powe plan .
The ocus o he inspec ion was on i e p o ec ion o he OL1/2 plan uni s. Ma e s o he
OL3 plan uni STUK has p ocessed in mo e de ail in he commissioning inspec ions o
he i e p o ec ion a angemen s. The inspec ion a ge s included, among o he hings, he
managemen p ocedu es o pene a ions, aining and exe cises o he i e b igade, inspec ions
by TVO and o he o ganisa ions, ala ms, in-se ice inspec ions o he i e p o ec ion sys ems
and modi ica ions. The inspec ion also included a acili y walkdown.
The inspec ion ocused in pa icula on he managemen o opened pene a ions. The
p e ious i e p o ec ion inspec ion e ealed an obse a ion abou he managemen p ocedu es
o open pene a ions. The inspec ion e i ied TVO’s p ocedu es and a new ool o managing
opened pene a ions. Acco ding o STUK’s es ima e, he si ua ion o managing opened
pene a ions was now conside ably imp o ed.
No signi ican de iciencies we e iden i ied in iew o he o he inspec ion a ge s and, based
on he inspec ion, i can be es ablished ha he i e p o ec ion a angemen s a he OL1/2
plan uni s a e a an accep able le el.
Radia ion p o ec ion, 20–21 Ma ch 2019
The inspec ion ocused on dosime y. Fo he pu pose o he inspec ion, he dosime e s we e
subjec ed o a blind es , he esul s o which we e e iewed in connec ion wi h he inspec ion.
The es did no e eal any e idence ha would indica e any de ec s in he analysis o he
esul s o he dosime ic se ice. The app oaching commissioning o he OL3 plan uni has
inc eased he numbe o dosime e s in use and wo king in he acili ies ese ed o dosime y.
Wo k on he de e mina ion o he equi alen dose o he lens o he eye has p og essed.
Wi h he help o he measu emen campaigns, TVO has been able o es ablish ha he dose
a ge ed o he eye does no signi ican ly di e om he e ec i e dose. In u u e, he doses
o he eye will be de e mined in he case o wo k asks whe e he dose o he lens o he eye
may be highe han he dose o he es o he body. These doses will be epo ed o he dose
egis e as sepa a e doses.
The amendmen s o he adia ion legisla ion ha came in o o ce a he end o 2018 ha e
no ye been ully upda ed o TVO’s adia ion p o ec ion p ocedu es. In he inspec ion, i was
equi ed ha amendmen s o he legisla ion be included in he acili y’s p ocedu es as soon
as possible, al hough in p ac ice, he acili y is al eady ope a ing in acco dance wi h he new
Radia ion Ac .
Fu he mo e, i was equi ed in he inspec ion ha he equipmen app o ed in connec ion
wi h he app o al o he dosime ic se ice be documen ed in he sa e y analysis epo o he
acili y.
Secu i y a angemen s, 21–24 May 2019
The inspec ion a ge ed he secu i y a angemen s o he OL1/OL2 powe plan uni s. The
inspec ion also included an annual ou age inspec ion in e ms o secu i y a angemen s.
Du ing he annual ou age, he ac i i ies a he si e ga e we e moni o ed in pa icula , including
moni o ing o en y and exi a ic o pe sons and ehicles. On he basis o he inspec ion,
88 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
STUK p esen ed 2 equi emen s ela ing o he moni o ing o passenge a ic in and ou o
he acili y. Also se e al obse a ions we e eco ded in he inspec ion, including good p ac ices
ela ed o he ope a ions o he secu i y o ganisa ion and ollow-up o he exe cise measu es.
All STUK’s equi emen s as se ou in he p e ious inspec ion ha e been p ope ly implemen ed
and closed.
Sa e y design, 4–5 Sep embe 2019
The inspec ion ocused on he analyses used by TVO o jus i y he design solu ions o he
plan modi ica ions, namely he de e minis ic sa e y analyses, p obabilis ic isk assessmen
(PRA) and he ailu e ole ance and common cause ailu e analyses. The inspec ion co e ed
he measu es cu en ly in place and hei de elopmen needs. The inspec ion a ge ed analyses
pe o med by TVO i sel and hose commissioned om a hi d pa y.
A numbe o examples om each o he abo e analysis g oups we e examined du ing he
inspec ion. As a posi i e obse a ion, STUK s a ed ha TVO ca ies ou a numbe o analyses
o suppo i s own ope a ions, which a e no submi ed o STUK o inspec ion. The inspec ion
also ound ha he new in es iga ions ca ied ou in connec ion wi h he enewal o he
ope a ing licence imp o ed signi ican ly he o e all pic u e o he cu en ailu e ole ance and
ope a ional en i y o he OL1/2 plan uni s.
On he basis o he inspec ion, STUK p esen ed one equi emen ega ding he de elopmen
o he modi ica ion design p ocedu es. TVO mus de elop i s p ocedu es o ensu e ha he
e ec s o po en ial common cause ailu es o an indi idual componen ype a e ully aken in o
accoun in he design.
Sa e y unc ions (OL1/2), 8–9 Oc obe 2019
The inspec ion assessed he licensee’s p ocedu es used o ensu e ha he sys ems
implemen ing sa e y unc ions a e in a s a e equi ed o sa e y and ha hei basis is co ec .
The 2019 inspec ion en i y was “Fuel and eac o ”. The sys em esponsibili y analyses o he
sys ems ela ing o he a o emen ioned subjec we e e iewed in he inspec ion, and he s a us
o he sys ems was discussed wi h TVO based on he analyses. In he case o he sys ems,
documen a ion was used o e i y, among o he hings, pe o med and planned main enance
wo k asks, esul s o pe iodic es s and he spa e pa s si ua ion.
The inspec ion was mainly aimed a de e mining whe he TVO is es ing in he pe iodic
es s he c i ical ope a ing imes in iew o he implemen a ion o he sa e y unc ions. Based
on he indings o he inspec ion, a equi emen o eassessing he gene al p ocedu es ela ed
o pe iodic es ing was p esen ed. TVO mus es ablish whe he he esponse ime c i e ia
o he implemen a ion o he sa e y unc ions a e ully aken in o accoun in he es s. In
addi ion, STUK equi ed TVO o de elop he es a angemen s o he pe iodic es ing o he
ex a bo a ing sys em in such a way ha he es s es ablish whe he he necessa y measu es o
s a ing he ex a bo a ing a e being implemen ed quickly enough in iew o he assump ions
used in he sa e y analyses.
On he basis o he inspec ion, STUK concluded ha , in iew o he inspec ed sys ems, he
p ocedu es o ensu e he ope a ing condi ion a e su icien , bu some obse a ions, esul ing
89
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 3 PERIODIC INSPECTION PROGRAMME OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
om ageing, ha e been made and sys em mode nisa ion p ojec s a e being planned. STUK
conside s he measu es aken o be necessa y.
Eme gency esponse a angemen s, 3–4 Ap il 2019
The eme gency p epa edness a angemen s inspec ion comp ehensi ely co e s he nuclea
powe plan ’s eme gency p epa edness a angemen s. Issues ha a e egula ly inspec ed
include eme gency p epa edness guidelines, acili ies and equipmen , he eme gency esponse
o ganisa ion and ela ed aining. In 2019, also he ul ilmen o he new equi emen s o STUK
Regula ion Y/2/2018 and he eadiness le el o he eme gency esponse a angemen s in iew
o s a ing he OL3 plan uni we e e i ied.
The de elopmen and aining o TVO’s eme gency esponse o ganisa ion has been
a ge ed in iew o s a ing he OL3 plan uni , in addi ion o which TVO has in es ed in
he managemen o con amina ion in an eme gency si ua ion. TVO’s ex e nal adia ion
moni o ing ne wo k s a ions a e in a good condi ion, excep o wo s a ions, bu no new
spa e pa s a e a ailable a e he equipmen supplie s opped manu ac u ing he s a ions. A
eplacemen p ojec o he ex e nal adia ion moni o ing ne wo k has been launched. On he
basis o he inspec ion, he ope a ion o he adia ion moni o ing ne wo k can be es ima ed
o emain su icien un il i s eplacemen begins (au umn 2021). TVO has ixed almos all he
sho comings iden i ied in he 2017 eme gency esponse exe cise. Howe e , TVO has no been
able o s a equipping he eme gency esponse p emises, because he OL3 plan supplie has
no ye handed o e he eme gency esponse p emises o TVO’s use. STUK will e i y he
eadiness o he eme gency esponse p emises be o e uel loading o he OL3 eac o .
On he basis o he inspec ion, STUK p esen ed six equi emen s. TVO mus appoin he
eme gency wo ke s and comple e he a angemen s o he “jus in ime” eme gency aining
o he eme gency helpe s. TVO mus appoin mo e pe sons o a ew eme gency posi ions,
comple e i s eme gency p epa edness plan in e ms o ecei ing ex e nal assis ance and
desc ibe he egula assessmen o he design bases o he eme gency esponse a angemen s
in i s ope a ing sys em. In addi ion, TVO mus supplemen he eme gency eadiness plan in
iew o he e acua ion a angemen s o be used a OL3. The e acua ion a angemen s mus
ake in o accoun he annual ou ages, when he e a e excep ionally many wo ke s a he
acili y.
Powe plan was e, 30 Sep embe – 4 Oc obe 2019
STUK o e sees and inspec s he ea men and inal disposal o adioac i e powe plan was e
a he Olkiluo o nuclea powe plan . Low and medium le el was e is gene a ed in main enance
and epai wo k and in he cleaning o p ocess wa e . The was e inspec ion co e ed he
obse a ions om he p e ious inspec ion and he de elopmen and no able e en s a e he
p e ious inspec ion. The inspec ion included was e managemen p ocesses, human esou ces
planning and adia ion doses o he pe sonnel. The condi ion o acili ies in which was e is
p ocessed, s o ed and disposed o , adia ion le els in hese acili ies, hei classi ica ion and
hei ma kings we e inspec ed du ing he si e isi .
The inspec ion esul ed in h ee equi emen s ega ding he p ocedu es o he anspo
o nuclea was e, he e ision o he ask g oups o adia ion wo ke s o be epo ed o he
96 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 5
Inspec ions pe aining o
hep ocessing o Fenno oima’s
cons uc ion licence applica ion 2019
STUK pe o ms e iews and assessmen s o he managemen sys ems o Fenno oima and he
o he o ganisa ions pa icipa ing in he p ojec . Fu he mo e, STUK pe o ms inspec ions
o he o ganisa ions o ensu e ha hei ac ual ope a ions comply wi h wha is speci ied in
he managemen sys ems and ha hey mee he necessa y equi emen s.STUK launched
he inspec ions included in he egula o y inspec ion p og amme (RKT) in Sep embe 2015.
The RKT inspec ions a e planned e e y six mon hs, and STUK ca ied ou six inspec ions
acco ding o i s inspec ion p og amme in 2019. Two o he ou inspec ions included in he
egula o y inspec ion p og amme (RKT) ela ed o he p ocessing o he cons uc ion licence
and planned o he i s hal o 2019 we e decided o be ca ied ou in he au umn. The
esul s o he audi a ge ed by Fenno oima on A omp oek showed ha he equi emen s
p e iously se by STUK a e no ye me . Fo his eason, i was decided o pos pone STUK’s RKT
inspec ion a A omp oek un il he end o 2019, and as he selec ion o he main I&C supplie
mo ed o wa d, STUK did no see i o ca y ou he inspec ion. The I&C RKT inspec ion o
Fenno oima was ans e ed o he beginning o 2020. The esul s o he RKT inspec ions
will be used by STUK when p epa ing a sa e y assessmen and s a emen on he cons uc ion
licence.
Summa ies o he inspec ions pe o med in 2019 a e p esen ed below.
Fenno oima: Inspec ion o elec ical enginee ing
The elec ical enginee ing inspec ion ocused on design moni o ing and p ocessing o he
cons uc ion licence ma e ial by Fenno oima. The inspec ion assessed he gene al si ua ion
o Fenno oima’s elec ical enginee ing wi h i s esou ces, he cu en si ua ion o design and
cons uc ion licence ma e ial and examined he o ganisa ion o elec ical enginee ing quali y
managemen p ocedu es.
On he basis o he inspec ion, STUK equi ed ha Fenno oima e i y he co e age o he
quali y and quali ica ion plans and ha he said plans ha e been complied wi h in he
p epa a ion o design documen a ion in he cons uc ion licence phase. Fenno oima mus also
assess he need o upda e i s inspec ion p ocedu e and i s pa icipa ion in he phase e iews o
elec ical design. On he basis o he e i ica ion ca ied ou in he inspec ion, one p e iously
se equi emen was closed.
97
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 5 INSPECTIONS PERTAINING TO THE PROCESSING OF FENNOVOIMA’S CONSTRUCTION LICENCE APPLICATION
Fenno oima’s managemen and o ganisa ional ope a ions and p ocedu es in handling
sa e y issues
The inspec ion co e ed he ac i i ies o Fenno oima’s managemen and o ganisa ion in
iden i ying, moni o ing and p ocessing o sa e y issues. STUK also e i ied he s a us o
issues le open in p e ious inspec ions and key managemen sys em p ocesses, such as he
p ocessing o sa e y issues, compe ence and esou ce managemen , HR ac i i ies, con igu a ion
and equi emen managemen , including change managemen and sa e y cul u e. STUK’s
inspec o s also ollowed Fenno oima’s s a mee ing, o which a ep esen a i e o he lead
designe had been in i ed o speak.
STUK s a ed in i s inspec ion ha Fenno oima has no inished he desc ip ion o i s
managemen sys em o i s o ganisa ional manual a e he eo ganisa ion, which is why he
esponsibili ies and decision-making wi hin he o ganisa ion ha e no ye been eco ded.
STUK obse ed ha Fenno oima’s knowledge o he supplie ’s key o ganisa ions is weak in
pa s. Howe e , he inspec ion showed ha he qua e ly managemen e iews o Fenno oima
a e mo e isk-based han be o e.
STUK did no p esen any new equi emen s in he inspec ion, bu many equi emen s,
which ha e been open o a long ime, emained s ill open. Fenno oima has sough and STUK
has g an ed ime ex ensions o many open RKT equi emen s. In he inspec ion, STUK s a ed,
howe e , ha i is impo an o Fenno oima o unde s and ha sol ing he issues in he
las leg o he ace, be o e he g an ing o he cons uc ion licence as planned in he p ojec
schedule, can in ol e isks. STUK p esen ed in i s inspec ion decision a opical mee ing o
Oc obe in iew o moni o ing he open equi emen s ega ding he managemen sys em.
In he mee ing, Fenno oima’s managemen would p esen o STUK he key documen s and
con en s o i s managemen sys em.
Fenno oima: Supply chain managemen
STUK inspec ed Fenno oima’s o ganisa ion and p ocedu es in he managemen o supply
chains. The inspec ion co e ed Fenno oima’s ope a ing p inciples, supply chain managemen -
ela ed s a egies, o ganisa ion and di ision o esponsibili y, as well as he capabili ies
and eadiness o supplie s. The inspec ion concluded ha Fenno oima has no assessed he
ope a ions o he o ganisa ional uni esponsible o he p epa a ion o he P elimina y Sa e y
Analysis Repo . STUK equi ed Fenno oima o plan and ca y ou an assessmen by he end
o 2019. The issues o be obse ed in he assessmen include he o ganisa ion’s compe ence,
esou ces, managemen ela ionships and ope a ional guidance.
The inspec ion also co e ed Fenno oima’s sa e y cul u e wo k a he si e. STUK obse ed
ha sa e y cul u e wo k a he si e and moni o ing he de elopmen o he main con ac o ’s,
Ti an-2, sa e y cul u e is ac i e.
P inciple Designe A omp oek
STUK’s inspec ion conce ned he managemen and ope a ions o he lead designe , JSC
A omp oek , and co e ed he ac ions and p ocedu es o A omp oek in iden i ying, moni o ing
and p ocessing sa e y issues and in assessing and managing supplie s. The inspec ion e i ied,
98 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 5 INSPECTIONS PERTAINING TO THE PROCESSING OF FENNOVOIMA’S CONSTRUCTION LICENCE APPLICATION
wi h he help o examples, he unc ioning o he abo e-men ioned p ocesses in acco dance
wi h he ela ed p ocedu es.
Du ing he inspec ion, STUK obse ed posi i e de elopmen s in many o he lead designe ’s
ope a ions and p ocedu es. The inspec ion ound, howe e , ha A omp oek does no moni o
he p og ess o he design p ocess phases – o example, he phase e iew o he concep
design phase has no been ca ied ou , al hough he basic design phase wo k has al eady been
s a ed. The e o e, A omp oek mus assess he adequacy o he assessmen o he cu en
design p ocess moni o ing and managemen p ocedu es, phase e iews and quali y plan
implemen a ion and ha o he independen assessmen o he sys em equi emen s.
In he inspec ion, STUK d ew a en ion o he ac ha A omp oek does no comply wi h
i s own p ocedu es in ope a ions ega ding sa e y- ela ed human ac o s.
STUK also equi ed ha he STUK Regula ions and YVL Guides in o ce used in he
design mus be p esen ed in he licensing documen a ion in a way o ensu e comp ehensi e
obse a ion o all ele an equi emen s in he design o he acili y. The P elimina y Sa e y
Analysis Repo o he Hanhiki i 1 acili y mus also be based on he same, ozen baseline o
plan design.
Fenno oima: Secu i y a angemen s and in o ma ion secu i y
In he inspec ion o he secu i y a angemen s and in o ma ion secu i y, STUK e i ied
he co ec i e ac ions aken by Fenno oima on he basis o he indings o he p e ious
inspec ions. App oxima ely hal o he p e ious obse a ions we e closed. In he inspec ion,
STUK also se new equi emen s on he basis o which Fenno oima appoin ed, among o he
hings, a new esponsible pe son o he special s a us used o p ocessing sa e y-classi ied
o icial documen a ion and o he ela ed documen p ocessing.
Fenno oima: Managemen and he handling o sa e y ma e s
The inspec ion co e ed he ac i i ies o Fenno oima’s managemen and o ganisa ion in
iden i ying, moni o ing and p ocessing o sa e y issues. As a esul o he inspec ion, STUK
s a ed ha Fenno oima is de eloping i s ope a ions ex ensi ely and changes in ope a ing
me hods mus be aken in o accoun in he managemen sys em p ocesses. The inspec ion
esul ed in he closu e o equi emen s ela ing, among o he hings, o quali y con ol (QC)
and he de elopmen plans o he licensee.
99
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 6
Cons uc ion inspec ion p og amme
o he encapsula ion plan and
he disposal acili y 2019
In 2019, STUK’s licensing and cons uc ion o e sigh p ojec PORA ega ding Posi a’s spen
uel disposal p ojec con inued sys ema ically he inspec ions included in he cons uc ion
inspec ion p og amme. The aim o hese inspec ions was o assess he unc ionali y o
Posi a’s managemen sys em as well as he su iciency and app op ia eness o he p ocedu es
o implemen ing and con olling he plan cons uc ion wo k and o aking he sa e y
equi emen s in o accoun in he p ojec . Inspec ions included in he p og amme may also be
a ge ed a Posi a’s supplie s ha a e impo an o sa e y. The 2019 inspec ions only ocused on
he licensee’s ope a ions.
The 2019 p og amme included i e inspec ions on cu en ac i i ies impo an o he sa e y
o he cons uc ion phase. The numbe o inspec ions emained a he le el o he p e ious
yea . No signi ican changes ha e aken place in Posi a’s ope a ions since ha ime, and o
his eason STUK decided o ocus i s 2019 inspec ions on Posi a’s basic ope a ions. Based
on he esul s o STUK’s inspec ion, i was no ed ha Posi a’s ope a ions and managemen
sys em p ocedu es in he assessed a eas o ope a ion a e su icien ly complian wi h STUK’s
equi emen s
B ie desc ip ions o he inspec ions as well as he key obse a ions made, based on which
STUK has equi ed Posi a o ca y ou imp o emen s and de elopmen ac ions, a e p esen ed
below.
Design o he ock cons uc ion o he inal disposal acili y
The objec i e o he e iew conce ning he design o he ock cons uc ion o he inal disposal
acili y was o ensu e ha Posi a is able o p oduce design documen s ha a e in line wi h
he equi emen s. The inspec ion co e ed he phases o he design p ocess om ini ial da a
speci ica ion o he inspec ion o esul documen a ion and he in e aces o p ocesses di ec ly
linked o design. In addi ion, he inspec ion add essed he managemen o ou sou ced design
se ices.
On he basis o he inspec ion, Posi a’s p ocedu es a e mos ly good and su icien ly well
de ined. Based on he inspec ion, Posi a was p esen ed wi h h ee equi emen s ega ding
esou cing and compe ence and he speci ica ion o ini ial da a.
100 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
Cons uc ion o he nuclea was e acili y
Posi a was abou o s a he cons uc ion o he encapsula ion plan in summe 2019.
The objec i e o he inspec ion was o ensu e Posi a’s o ganisa ional eadiness o s a
he cons uc ion. The inspec ion co e ed he p ocedu es ega ding he managemen o
cons uc ion ac i i ies and e i ied ha adequa e p ocedu es we e es ablished o he
unc ioning o he si e. The inspec ion add essed he supplie s’ quali y managemen
p ocedu es, esou ce managemen and e i ied he cons uc ion compe ence equi emen s.
As ega ds he cons uc ion si e o he encapsula ion plan , he o ganisa ion o he si e was
checked, and he design modi ica ion p ocedu es, non-con o mance managemen , epo ing
and communica ions we e examined. The inspec ion concluded ha Posi a has su icien
o ganisa ional capaci y o p oceed o he cons uc ion phase o he encapsula ion plan . The
equi emen p esen ed as a esul o he inspec ion ega ded he submi al o upda ed p ojec
documen s o STUK o p ocessing.
Impac o changes o he inal disposal concep on he p epa a ion and managemen
o he sa e y case
The inspec ion ocused on he impac o changes o Posi a’s inal disposal concep and on he
p epa a ion and managemen o he sa e y case. The inspec ion assessed Posi a’s p ocedu es
and ac i i ies employed o mee he equi emen s o he YVL Guides in e ms o p epa ing he
sa e y case.
The inspec ion assessed he unc ionali y o he sa e y case managemen ; he p epa a ion
o he sa e y case and he managemen o changes by Posi a. In addi ion, he inspec ion
assessed he esou ce managemen p ocedu e employed by Posi a in he p epa a ion o he
sa e y case. Posi a has speci ied p ocedu es o managing changes in gene al and in iew o he
sa e y case p epa a ion. On he basis o he cases examined as examples du ing he inspec ion,
he p ocedu es a e unc ional. Based on he inspec ion, Posi a has p ocedu es in place o
managing esou ces, bo h in e ms o adequacy and in e ms o ensu ing compe ence.
Secu i y a angemen s o he encapsula ion plan
The sec ion on he secu i y a angemen s o he eadiness inspec ion ela ed o he
cons uc ion o he encapsula ion plan . The inspec ion co e ed issues in ela ion o he
p e ious equi emen s. On he basis o he inspec ion, one equi emen and nine obse a ions
we e made. The obse a ions conce ned, among o he hings, he up- o-da eness o
documen s, coope a ion wi h he police, s uc u al shielding and spen uel anspo s and
ans e s. The equi emen conce ned he access p ocedu es and key managemen o he i al
a eas. The inspec ion did no e eal any obs acles o he con inua ion o he encapsula ion
plan si e.
101
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
Managemen and sa e y cul u e
The cons uc ion inspec ion p og amme a ge ing managemen assessed Posi a’s p ocedu es
o he managemen o he inal disposal p ojec and p ocessing sa e y issues. The inspec ion
e i ied ha Posi a p ocesses changes o he plan concep app o ed in he cons uc ion
licence a he app op ia e o ganisa ional le el in iew o sa e y. The inspec ion also e i ied
ha he sa e implemen a ion o he nuclea acili y is aken in o accoun in he managemen
o he schedule o Posi a’s nuclea acili y p ojec . The inspec ion co e ed Posi a’s ac ions o
de elop he sa e y cul u e o i s own o ganisa ion and o ensu e ha he supplie s in ol ed in
he cons uc ion obse e good sa e y cul u e. The inspec ion also e i ied he ul ilmen o he
equi emen conce ning Posi a’s esou ce planning.
Posi a has de eloped i s sa e y managemen p ocedu es, o example, by s eng hening
he ole o he p og ammes and se ing up dedica ed s ee ing g oups o he p og ammes. The
o e all managemen o p og amme asks, esou ces, schedule and isks has been de eloped,
which enables Posi a o be e assess he p ojec as a whole han in he pas . In o de o ensu e
he smoo h p og ess o he p ojec and he implemen a ion o he ock acili ies acco ding
o he equi emen s, Posi a mus comp ehensi ely assess he de elopmen needs o he ock
enginee ing p ocess and he design e iew p ocess and o ensu e he unc ioning o he p ocess
be o e he ock enginee ing design documen a ion o he inal disposal unnel is submi ed o
STUK. STUK se a equi emen o Posi a on his ma e .
In he inspec ion, design change examples we e used o e i y ha he design changes ha e
been deal wi h a a su icien le el in acco dance wi h he design change p ocess. Based on he
inspec ion, he changes a ec ing sa e y ha e been p ocessed as speci ied in he managemen
sys em and a an app op ia e le el wi hin he o ganisa ion.
The inspec ion concluded ha Posi a is able o iden i y de elopmen a eas o sa e y
cul u e, selec conc e e measu es and p io i ise hem in a ai ly consis en and anspa en
manne . The goal-o ien edness o de eloping sa e y cul u e is suppo ed by he ac ha he
de elopmen o Posi a’s sa e y cul u e is also s ongly linked o he company’s cu en s a egic
de elopmen challenges.
Posi a has p ocedu es in place aiming o ensu e he sui abili y o he supplie s i uses o
he nuclea sec o and hei unde s anding o he speci ic ope a ional equi emen s o he
sec o . Based on he inspec ion, Posi a’s p ocedu es o compiling obse a ions abou he
sa e y cul u e o he supplie s and esponding o sho comings we e somewha agmen ed.
Posi a is aking measu es o assess and de elop he sa e y cul u e o he supplie s (a he si e)
and has iden i ied si e moni o ing as one o he de elopmen a eas o nex yea .
Posi a has de eloped i s p ocedu es o p ojec managemen . De eloping he esou ce
managemen p ocedu es imp o es schedule managemen and be e highligh s esou ce needs.
STUK conside s ha he esou ces managemen p ocedu es as pa o he p ojec managemen
a e su icien .
102 STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
APPENDIX 7
Licences STUK has g an ed in
acco dance wi h he Nuclea
Ene gy Ac in 2019
Teollisuuden Voima Oy
• 1/C42214/2019, 15 Feb ua y 2019: OL1, OL2 – Impo o so wa e used in e uelling planning
om Japan. Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2030.
• 1/G42214/2019, 13 Ma ch 2019: OL3 – Impo o spa e pa s o he uel ans e machine om
F ance. Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2022.
• 4/C42214/2019, 2 Ap il 2019: Expo o decommissioned OL1/OL2 componen s o Sweden o
p ocessing. Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2020.
• 2/G42214/2019, 24 Ap il 2019: OL3 — Impo o a con ol od ac ua o om F ance. Las da e
o alidi y 31 Decembe 2019.
• 3/G42214/2019, 24 May 2019: OL3 — Impo o con ol od ac ua o d i e sha s om F ance.
Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2020.
• 4/G42214/2019, 7 Augus 2019: OL3 — Impo o neu on de ec o s o he bo on
concen a ion measu emen sys em om F ance. Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2020.
• 5/C42214/2019, 15 Augus 2019: Possession o sample uel ods. Las da e o alidi y 31
Decembe 2039.
• 6/C42214/2019, 11 Oc obe 2019: Impo o esh nuclea uel wi h Eu a om obliga ion code
“D” om Spain (ba ch OL1 e 42). Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2020.
• 1/D42214/2019, 11 Oc obe 2019: Impo o esh nuclea uel wi h Eu a om obliga ion code
“P” om Spain (OL2 e 40). Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2020.
• 2/D42214/2019, 11 Oc obe 2019: Impo o esh nuclea uel wi h Eu a om obliga ion code
“S” om Spain (OL2 e 40). Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2020.
• 5/G42214/2019, 28 Oc obe 2019: OL3 — Impo o a neu on de ec o o he bo on
concen a ion measu emen sys em om F ance. Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2020.
• 7/C42214/2019, 27 No embe 2019: Impo o esh nuclea uel wi h Eu a om obliga ion code
“C” om Spain (OL1 e 42). Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2020.
103
STUK-B 248 / MAY 2020
Fo um Powe and Hea Oy
• 1/A42214/2019, 1 Ma ch 2019 Expo o adioac i e was e (con amina ed sc ap me al) o
Sweden. Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2019.
• 2/A46201/2019, 10 Ap il 2019: T anspo licence o a esh uel assembly. Las da e o alidi y
31 Decembe 2019.
• 2/A42214/2019, 29 Ap il 2019: Impo o an op imised u anium- ee es assembly om
Russia. Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2020.
• 6/A42214/2019, 13 Decembe 2019: Impo o neu on lux senso s om F ance. Las da e o
alidi y 31 May 2020.
Posi a Oy
• 1/H42214/2019, 22 Augus 2019: Possession and ans e o uel documen a ion subjec o he
pa icula sa egua ds obliga ion. Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2023.
O he s
• 2/H42214/2019, 22 Augus 2019, Posi a Solu ions Oy: Possession and ans e o uel
documen a ion subjec o he pa icula sa egua ds obliga ion. Las da e o alidi y 31
Decembe 2023.
• 1/Y42214/2019, 14 May 2019, D agon Mining Oy: Licence o he p oduc ion o nuclea
ma e ial. Las da e o alidi y 31 Ma ch 2029.
• 9/Y42214/2019, 7 Augus 2019, Palo ekninen insinöö i oimis o Ma kku Kau iala Oy: Impo
and possession o nuclea in o ma ion subjec o he pa icula sa egua ds obliga ion. Las
da e o alidi y o impo 31 Decembe 2022 and possession 31 Decembe 2024.
• 11/Y42214/2019, 16 Decembe 2019: No ilsk Nickel Ha ja al a Oy: Licence o he p oduc ion,
possession and s o age o nuclea ma e ial. Las da e o alidi y 31 Decembe 2029.
B
STUK
Sä eily u akeskus
S ålsäke he scen alen
Radia ion and Nuclea Sa e y Au ho i y
Laippa ie 4, 00880 Helsinki
Puh. (09) 759 881
ax (09) 759 88 500
www.s uk. i
978-952-309-459-8 (pd )
ISSN 2243-1896
