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Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión
jou nal homepage: h p://www.ehu.eus/cuade nosdeges ion/ e is a/es/
ISSN: 1131-6837 / e-ISSN: 1988-2157
Managemen Le e s
Cuade nos de Ges ión
Enp esa Ins i u ua, UPV/EHU
Conocimien o en Ges ión/Managemen Knowledge
Volume 22 / Numbe 2 (2022) • ISSN: 1131-6837 / e-ISSN: 1988-2157
h p://www.ehu.eus/cuade nosdeges ion/ e is a/es/
Thi y- i e yea s o s a egic managemen esea ch. A coun y analysis using
bibliome ic echniques o he 1987-2021 pe iod
T ein a y cinco años de in es igación en ges ión es a égica. Un análisis de países u ilizando
écnicas bibliomé icas pa a el pe íodo 1987-2021
Nelson A. And ade-Valbuena*, Leslie Valenzuela-Fe nández
a
, José M. Me igó
b
a Depa men o Adminis a ion, Facul y o Economics and Business, Uni e si y o Chile, A . Diagonal Pa aguay 257, 8330015 San iago, Chile–l alenzu@ en.uchile.cl,
l [email protected]–h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-5817-1879
b School o Sys ems, Managemen and Leade ship, Facul y o Enginee ing and In o ma ion Technology, Uni e si y o Technology Sydney, 81 B oadway, Ul imo 2007, NSW, Aus a-
lia–jo[email p o ec ed]du.au–h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-4672-6961
* Co esponding au ho : Facul ad de Ciencias Económicas y Adminis a i as, Uni e sidad Ca ólica de la San ísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribe a 2850, 4070129, Con-
cepción, Chile–nand a[email p o ec ed]–h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-4873-8915
ARTICLE INFO
Recei ed 11 Feb ua y 2021,
Accep ed 24 Feb ua y 2022
A ailable online 11 May 2022
DOI: 10.5295/cdg.211441na
JEL: M10, I23
ABSTRACT
As a signi ican ield o s udy, hi y- i e yea s o s a egic managemen esea ch has accumula ed a subs an ial
amoun o knowledge. This bibliome ic s udy explo es whe he he unlimi ed low o knowledge and he glo-
baliza ion o educa ion & esea ch in his ime pe iod, could d i e away (o de e ) he iden i ica ion and speci ic
in e es o esea ch in phenomena o na ional impo ance. Using bibliome ic echniques and isualiza ion o sim-
ila i ies (VOS) p ocedu es o ci a ion and co-ci a ion analyses, his Pape explo es esea ch ends a he coun y
le el o e 35yea s using da a om he Web o Science da abase. The aims a e o iden i y: 1) he mos isible and
p ominen ac o s a he coun y, egional, and global-le el; 2) he e olu ion o he subjec s o esea ch in o s a egic
managemen a he coun y, global, and sup a- egional le el; and 3) he e olu ion o jou nals publishing s a egic
managemen esea ch a icles by loca ion. Findings sugges ha common esea ch subjec s coexis a highe le -
els o agg ega ion, es ablishing he “pa adigm” o gene al ag eemen abou he ield’s bounda ies. Addi ionally,
indings show ha a he coun y le el, a he han ollowing a global end, he e is an endu ing di e si ica ion o
esea ch agendas ha bow o na ional and sup ana ional ac o s om geog aphically close places.
Keywo ds: S a egic Managemen , Bibliome ics, Coun y Analysis, VOS Ne wo k Analysis.
RESUMEN
Como un campo de es udio impo an e, ein a y cinco años de in es igación en ges ión es a égica han acumu-
lado una can idad sus ancial de conocimien o. Es e es udio bibliomé ico explo a si el lujo ilimi ado de conoci-
mien o y la globalización de la educación y la in es igación en es e pe íodo de iempo, pod ía aleja (o disuadi ) la
iden i icación y el in e és especí ico de in es igación de enómenos de impo ancia nacional. U ilizando écnicas
bibliomé icas y p ocedimien os de isualización de simili udes (VOS) de análisis de ci as y co-ci as, es e docu-
men o explo a las endencias de in es igación a ni el de país du an e 35años u ilizando da os de la base de da os
Web o Science. Los obje i os se cen an en iden i ica : 1)los ac o es más isibles y des acados a ni el nacional,
egional y mundial; 2)la e olución de los emas de in es igación de la ges ión es a égica a ni el país, global y
sup a egional; y 3)la e olución de las e is as que publican a ículos de in es igación de ges ión es a égica
po ubicación. Los hallazgos sugie en que los emas de in es igación comunes coexis en en ni eles supe io es
de ag egación, es ableciendo el “pa adigma” o acue do gene al sob e los lími es de campo de es udio. Además, los
hallazgos mues an que, a ni el de países, exis e una di e si icación pe sis en e de agendas de in es igación, que
se inclinan a es udia e en os nacionales y sup anacionales de luga es geog á icamen e ce canos, en ez de segui
una endencia global.
Palab as cla e: Ges ión Es a égica, Bibliome ía, Análisis de País; Análisis de ed VOS.
Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión 22/2 (2022) 7-22
8 Nelson A. And ade-Valbuena, Leslie Valenzuela-Fe nández, José M. Me igó
1. INTRODUCTION
In he las hi y- i e yea s, he numbe o publica ions on
s a egic managemen esea ch has isen o —wha is now e-
ga ded as— signi ican le els; leading i o become a esea ch
opic ha acqui es meaning whils achie ing s abili y (Ramos-
Rod íguez & Ruiz-Na a o, 2004). By means o a p ope knowl-
edge s uc u e, wi h dis inc i e and iden i iable ways o di usion
and in luence, knowledge in s a egic managemen esea ch has
lou ished, as well as he globaliza ion o managemen educa ion
(B une & Ianna elli, 2011). Ye , based on he simila demands
o scien i ic igo and p ac ical u ili y ha build s a egic man-
agemen esea ch, his conside able p og ess may impose di ec-
ional and de elopmen ends on knowledge p oduc ion o e
ime (B une & Ianna elli, 2011).
Despi e how accep ed p ac ices om he academic & p ac i-
ione pe spec i es ha e quali ied said in es iga ions as ‘ ele an ’
o he scien i ic communi y (Da & Lewin, 2008), he e a e ce -
ain colla e als ha can lead o unco e ing essen ial knowledge
gaps in he ield. Fo ins ance, s udies ha ha e add essed he glo-
baliza ion o managemen esea ch and educa ional issues show
how he impac o some ins i u ions on p o iling can be con-
side ed a “ho opic” in he s udy. In addi ion, De Meye (2012)
shows ha he d i e s o globaliza ion, in educa ion managemen
& esea ch, a e no an issue ela ed o in e nal s a egic choices
wi hin business schools, bu a he a e subjec o he p essu es
ha a e imposed by ou side ins i u ions such as: acc edi a ion o -
ganiza ions, alumni, and ec ui e s, among o he s. This leads o a
sizable gap be ween wha hese ins i u ions equi e and whe e e-
sea ch needs o concen a e on (B une & Ianna elli, 2011; Reed,
2002). Al hough global ends suppo simila pe spec i es e-
ga ding esea ch opics, he e a e some associa ed p oblems. Fo
ins ance, he “wo ld is la ” iew p oposes ha a web-enabled a e-
na has powe ed collabo a i e esea ch wo k wi hou geog aph-
ical o empo al limi s o add ess ele an global aspec s, hus
o e coming language and cul u al ba ie s (F iedman, 2005).
Howe e , Ghemawa (2008, p.396) highligh s wo conce ns as-
socia ed wi h c oss-bo de business and managemen esea ch
—a ibu ed o ins i u ional p essu es— ha can gene a e bias on
in es iga ion ou comes:1) p e e ence o documen ing gene al-
izable global “one-size- i s-all” heo ies and hypo heses, and 2)a
US-domina ed edi o ial con ol o he op jou nals, which s ee s
esea ch owa ds home- ela ed ma ke s.
Wi h ega d o he a o emen ioned, his esea ch hence o h
seeks o explo e whe he he unlimi ed low o knowledge, and
he globaliza ion o educa ion & esea ch in s a egic manage-
men , has d i en away (o de e ed) he iden i ica ion and spe-
ci ic in e es o esea ch in phenomena o local impo ance.
Thus, h ough he applica ion o bibliome ic echniques, his
s udy aims o p o ide an o e iew o s a egic managemen e-
sea ch by answe ing he ollowing esea ch ques ions:
RQ1. Wha a e he mos isible and p ominen coun y, su-
p a- egional, and global-le el ac o s in s a egic manage-
men esea ch in he WoS du ing he las hi y- i e yea s?
RQ2. How has he na ional, sup a- egional, and global esea ch
subjec s in s a egic managemen in he WoS e ol ed du-
ing he las hi y- i e yea s?
RQ3. How has been he e olu ion o publica ions in jou nals by
loca ion —conside ing he esea ch ou comes in s a e-
gy— in he WoS du ing he las hi y- i e yea s?
Consequen ly, his documen is o ganized in he ollowing
manne : Sec ion2 p esen s he di e en bibliome ic analysis pe -
spec i es and bibliome ic me hods used in p epa ing his s udy;
Sec ion3 p esen s he esul s g ouped in o h ee sub- hemes, each
answe ing a esea ch ques ion; Sec ion4 discusses he main ind-
ings and conclusions o his wo k; and Sec ion5 explains he lim-
i a ions o he s udy while o e ing u u e sugges ions o esea ch.
2. CONTEXTUAL FRAMEWORK
Di e en bibliome ic s udies ha e used di e en le els o
analysis in managemen esea ch. This can be seen om au-
ho s (Cancino e al., 2017), Jou nals (Sch ibe , 2016; Valenzue-
la-Fe nández e al., 2017), Uni e si ies (And ade-Valbuena e al.,
2019) and coun ies (Valenzuela-Fe nández e al., 2018). These
analyses help e alua e he in luence & ele ance o academic
p oduc s in he scien i ic communi y. Addi ionally, simila e o s
using bibliome ic echniques ha e been used o analyze opics
o in es iga ion in s a egic managemen esea ch, which include
me ge s & acquisi ions (Fe ei a e al., 2014), dynamic capa-
bili ies (Vogel & Gü el, 2013), compe i i e in elligence (Calo
& W igh , 2008), and speci ic subjec s/concep s such as En e-
p eneu ial O ien a ion (And ade-Valbuena e al., 2019) o New
P oduc De elopmen (And ade-Valbuena & Me igó, 2018).
When discussing he in ellec ual s uc u e o s a egic man-
agemen esea ch, di e en au ho s ha e add essed his h ough
bibliome ics by analyzing he S a egic Managemen Jou nal pub-
lica ions. Fo ins ance, applying ci a ion and co-ci a ion analyses,
Ramos-Rod iguez and Ruiz-Na a o (2004) disco e ed ha he e
has been a ising end in eplacing books o Pape s as a sou ce
o academic publica ions —in e ms o s a egy— and he p omi-
nence o he Resou ce-Based View heo y o he i m as a ounda-
ion o upcoming de elopmen s. Ne u e al. (2008) complemen s
hei indings by u ilizing au ho s as he uni s o analysis, and by
acing he e olu ion o he in ellec ual s uc u e o he s a egic
managemen ield du ing he 1980-2000 pe iod. O he wo ks o
Fu e e al. (2008) in eg a e he esul s om o he well-known
jou nals (S a egic Managemen Jou nal, Academy o Managemen
Jou nal, Academy o Managemen Re iew and Adminis a i e Sci-
ence Qua e ly) by s udying he ela ionships be ween he sub-
ields o s a egic managemen . These show he mo e impo an
lines & opics o esea ch, and a end in ol ing he in eg a ion
be ween he di e en academic in luences on he ield o s a egic
managemen . In con as , Gue as-Ma in e al. (2014) discuss he
exis ence o wo pendulums ha e lec he ensions be ween he
ocus on in e nal i m ac o s and ex e nal en i onmen al a ibu es
espec i ely, as well as be ween a mo e mac o-le el analysis which
leads o di e en esea ch ocuses o e ime.
2.1. Bibliome ic Techniques
Bibliome ics is one o he mos widely used quan i a i e
me hods ha has been used as a echnique o comp ehensi ely
Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión 22/2 (2022) 7-22
Thi y- i e yea s o s a egic managemen esea ch. A coun y analysis using bibliome ic echniques o he 1987-2021 pe iod 9
explain he mobili y and in e ac ion o knowledge (Aman, 2018;
Zhang e al., 2018). By collec ing ele an in o ma ion ound in
da abases such as Jou nals, ci a ions, au ho s, ins i u ions, coun-
ies, and keywo ds, aluable insigh s ha help us unde s and
he g ow h in esea ch in a speci ic ield —and he impo ance
o he opics ha a e add essed— can be ob ained (Van Raan,
2005).
Fu he mo e, bibliome ic echniques ha e become powe ul
ools ha allow o he c ea ion o quan i a i e and compa a i e
s udies in bo h scien i ic and echnological publica ions. This
in g ea pa is due o he echniques’ main objec i es being he
quan i ica ion o ci a ions and he analysis o con en (Basu -
o-Flo es e al., 2017). In his ega d, ci a ion analysis can be a
gene al indica o o he use and u ili y o a esou ce by ci ing he
Jou nals, a icles, ins i u ions, web pages, and speci ic esea ch
g oups ha ha e been widely used o assess he impac ha he
w i ings gene a e in he li e a u e (Tomaszewski, 2018).
Addi ionally, bibliome ic analysis is cons uc ed by using
pu ely quan i a i e app oaches on ci a ions, which a e a elia-
ble and alid indica o o scien i ic in e ac ions, hus p o iding a
ep esen a i e and in o ma i e pe spec i e o he da a (Podsak-
o e al., 2008). The e o e, hey a e used o de e mine he ele-
ance and impac o any ac o a di e en le els o analysis, such
as au ho s, ins i u ions, coun ies, and he s uc u e o he ield
(Small, 1980; Xi e al., 2015). Fu he mo e, he use o bibliome -
ic echniques can educe he endency o au ho s o ansla e
hei pe cep ions in o hei w i ings, allowing o a mo e sys em-
a ic and objec i e app oach (Sassmannshausen, 2018).
2.2. Da a Collec ion
This s udy i s ocuses on de e mining he scopes and
bounda ies o he sea ch pa ame e s o he exis ing li e a u e.
Thus, o es ablish he delimi a ion o his explo a ion o s a egic
managemen esea ch, he in es iga ion no only includes SMJ (as
sugges ed in p e ious sys ema ic e isions), bu also inco po a es
o he Jou nals as sou ces o publica ions (e.g., Koseoglu, 2016;
Ramos‐Rod íguez & Ruíz‐Na a o, 2004). Al hough SMJ ep-
esen s a solid ounda ion o ge a gene al o e iew o he ield
(Ronda-Pupo & Gue as-Ma in, 2010), i s use as he only sou ce
o in o ma ion may lead o a biased pe spec i e on s a egic man-
agemen esea ch. Hence, by conside ing he inc easing numbe
o new & specialized Jou nals in he ne wo k, and he exis ence
o s a egy as a subjec in he scope o publica ions in o he wide-
ly espec ed jou nals, his in es iga ion’s sea ch esul s we e ol-
lowingly complemen ed and alida ed by h ee di e en expe s.
This ensu es ha no ele an wo k was omi ed, as he h ee ex-
pe s (whom ha e each a minimum o se en yea s esea ching
and eaching in ield- ela ed cou ses) collec ed mo e han 30a i-
cles wi h an H-Index abo e7, ound in he WoS da abase in Busi-
ness & Managemen esea ch, The esul s include he ollowing
jou nals: Ad ances in S a egic Managemen : A Resea ch Annual;
Business S a egy and he En i onmen ; Global S a egy Jou nal;
In e na ional Jou nal o S a egic P ope y Managemen ; Jou nal o
Family Business S a egy; Jou nal o S a egic In o ma ion Sys ems;
S a egic En ep eneu ship Jou nal; S a egic Managemen Jou nal;
S a egic O ganiza ion; and Technology Analysis & S a egic Man-
agemen (see Table5). As sugges ed by he expe s, he decision
o include hese jou nals ensu es con en alidi y o he co pus o
analyzed esea ch.
The nex phase is o iden i y he keywo ds in his li e a u e
sea ch. Wi h he expe s’ ecommenda ions, whils conside ing
he inclusion o mos o he Pape s ela ed o s a egic manage-
men , he ollowing keywo ds we e ob ained: “s a egy*” OR
“SWOT” OR “compe i i e ad an age*”. Wildca ds ( unca ions)
a e au oma ically included in he sea ch in hei plu al o singu-
la a ia ions o each wo d. All da a u ilized in his s udy is a ail-
able in he Co e Collec ion o he Web o Science (WoS) da abase,
which is cu en ly owned by Cla i a e. Consequen ly, he se-
lec ed jou nals a e indexed in he WoS; he eason his da abase
was chosen is due o he wide ecogni ion ha Jou nals indexed
in he WoS ep esen he academic and scien i ic communi y,
which —inciden ally— cha ac e izes a key quali y c i e ion in
a e ision p ocess when explo ing a speci ic ield o knowledge
(To aco, 2005). To highligh , a he momen his in es iga ion
was de eloped, he WoS co e s app oxima ely 151a eas o e-
sea ch, g ouping mo e han 12,000jou nals, 50million a icles,
and o he scien i ic publica ion p oduc s (such as no es and in-
es iga ions). Mo eo e , his da abase ga he s Jou nals — ha a e
o ums o publica ions— o di e en specialized ields such as
s a egy (Ne u e al., 2016), hus enhancing he eliabili y and
pe inence o he esul s.
A p ima y opic sea ch was unde aken in he Business and
Managemen ca ego y on he WoS, delimi ing he language o
English w i en documen s. This ype o sea ch looks o eco ds
—including speci ic wo ds in he i le and/o abs ac —, he au-
ho /s, and sugges ed keywo ds wi hin each documen . By apply-
ing ci a ions and co-ci a ions o a icles published in he S a egic
Managemen Jou nal (SMJ), Ramos-Rod íguez and Ruiz-Na a o
(2004), and Ne u e al. (2008) ound ha he end in using a i-
cles as he sou ce o publica ions was gaining mo e and mo e ac-
cep ance in place o books —which had he s onges in luence on
s a egic managemen up un il he yea 2000—. Hence, his s udy
ollows Me igó e al.’s (2015) p ocedu e, which only conside s a i-
cles(91,944), le e s(232), e iews(4,128), and no es(165). F om
hese, a o al o 96,496 publica ions we e included in he da abase
o be analyzed, wi h each documen a e aging 27ci a ions pe Pa-
pe o he 1987-2021 pe iod —as seen in Figu e1—.
2.3. Da a Analysis
Two main complemen a y pe spec i es a e used in his s udy
o analyze he in o ma ion a he coun y le el: a bibliome ic
analysis based on he p ocedu es p oposed by Me igó e al.
(2015), and a ne wo k analysis based on he Visualiza ion o
Simila i ies echnique suppo ed on he VOS-Viewe so wa e
( e sion1.6.6), de eloped by Van Eck and Wal man (2010).
In he bibliome ic analysis, he numbe o publica ions and
he numbe o ci a ions ha a scien i ic wo k ecei es a e among
he mos usual dimensions add essed o cap u e academic p o-
duc i i y (T ieschmann e al., 2000). Since each indica o ge s
a di e en dimension o p oduc i i y and impac o academic
esea ch, choosing be ween one o he o he can mis ep esen
he ield (Laengle e al., 2017). In his sense, Hi sh (2005) p o-
poses an a angemen whe e bo h indica o s a e me ged in o
one single measu emen uni : he H-Index, which can show a
Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión 22/2 (2022) 7-22
10 Nelson A. And ade-Valbuena, Leslie Valenzuela-Fe nández, José M. Me igó
b oade pe spec i e o he da a ha he numbe o publica ions
and ci a ions canno do by hemsel es. Hence, his measu emen
summa izes he numbe o s udies ha ha e ecei ed a leas
he same numbe o ci a ions (Hi sh, 2005). Based on he bibli-
ome ic p ocedu e p oposed by Me igó e al. (2015), he in es-
iga ion conside ed single and composed indica o s o p esen
di e en esul s om he same a iable. The e o e, he numbe
o ci a ions, publica ions, H-Index, and h esholds — anking he
numbe o documen s abo e a numbe o ci a ions— a e he bib-
liome ic measu emen s ha i he mos o he objec i es o his
in es iga ion (Laengle e al., 2018; Ma ínez-López e al., 2018).
The Visualiza ion o Simila i ies echnique, suppo ed on he
VOS-Viewe so wa e, allows o he analysis o di e en ac o s
(nodes) and hei ela ionships (links be ween nodes) h ough
a mapping and clus e ing ne wo k explo a ion. The dis ance
be ween wo nodes in such maps ep esen he s eng h o he
ela ion be ween hem (Van Eck & Wal man, 2010). The size o
he nodes in he ne wo k, ep esen he mos p ominen coun-
ies ega ding ci a ions, co-au ho ship o bibliog aphic-coupled
a iables, depending on he ype o analysis ha is pe o med.
The e a e h ee di e en app oaches o measu e: ci a ions,
co-au ho ship ela ions, and bibliog aphic coupling. Ci a ion
analysis seeks o iden i y he ele ance o ac o s based on he num-
be o imes hey a e ci ed (Voe h e al., 2006). Whe eas co-au ho -
ship ela ions and bibliog aphic coupling p o ide in o ma ion on
he in e nal s uc u e o he ield, quan i ying he simila i y o he
con en o he analyzed publica ions (K aus e al., 2012) and he
numbe o imes hey bo h/all ci e he same e e ence (Van Eck &
Wal man, 2010). Such analyses es ic bo h, examining he dis-
ance and clus e ing among coun ies. Mo eo e , an essen ial ea-
u e o his me hod is ha i uses a ac ional coun ing echnique
ha assigns he same p opo ion o he au ho ship o each au ho ,
his educes he mul iple a ilia ion e ec .
3. RESULTS
To answe he p oposed esea ch ques ions, he esul s a e
g ouped o ind: 1) he mos isible and p ominen ac o s a a
coun y, egional, and global-le el (RQ1), 2) he coun y, global,
and sup a- egional e olu ion o subjec s o esea ch in o s a-
egic managemen (RQ2), and 3) he e olu ion o publica ions
in s a egy jou nals by loca ion (RQ3). The p oduc o he ne -
wo k analysis is based on he numbe o ci a ions, co-ci a ions,
and bibliog aphic couplings p esen in he global p oduc ion o
academic esea ch in o s a egic managemen and he subjec s
o s udy. These esul s a e p esen ed in he ollowing manne :
1)The i s h ee 10-yea pe iods, 2)One las 5-yea pe iod. This
is done o isualize he e olu ion o he collabo a i e s uc u e o
he leading coun ies and esea ch con en o e ime.
3.1. Resul s based on he e olu ion o publica ions on s a egy by
coun ies - 1987 o 2021
3.1.1. Analysis o sup a-na ional egions
As sugges ed by Zacca-González e al. (2014), and o app e-
cia e he e olu ion o publica ions, his s udy conside s eigh e-
gions o sup a-na ional e i o ies: A ica, Eas e n Eu ope, La in
Ame ica, Middle Eas , Oceania, Eas Asia, Wes e n Eu ope, and
No h Ame ica.
Many egions ha e conduc ed impo an esea ch in o s a e-
gic managemen h oughou he wo ld. Figu e1 shows he annu-
al numbe o a icles on s a egic managemen esea ch published
by each sup a-na ional e i o y in hi y- i e yea s o academic
p oduc ion (1987-2021). Since 1987, he mos p oduc i e egion
has been No h Ame ica, which led he ield un il 2016 when
Wes e n Eu ope became a ele an p oduce , hus b eaking he
No h Ame ican hegemony in numbe o academic publica-
ions. Simila ly, Eas Asia also su passed he numbe o pape s
published when compa ed No h Ame ica in 2021, making he
egion also a highly p oduc i e g oup. This e eals impo an
ends in he egions, which aises expec a ions as he numbe o
pape s published, and he impac ha said scien i ic p oduc ion,
will ha e in he u u e.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
A ica
Eas e n Eu ope
La iname ica
Middle Eas
Oceanía
Eas Asia
Wes e n Eu ope
No hame ica
Figu e 1
Annual numbe o a icles in s a egy esea ch published
by each sup ana ional egion (1987-2021)
Sou ce: Own elabo a ion.
Ano he essen ial dimension o he academic publica ion
measu emen s is said publica ions’ impac du ing he las hi -
y- i e yea s o esea ch. In his ega d, Table1 shows he o al
numbe o pape s published in s a egic managemen esea ch
(TPS), he o al numbe o ci a ions ecei ed by hese academ-
ic p oduc s (TCS), he H-Index based on s a egy in es iga ions
(THS), and ou ci a ion h esholds: 500, 250, 100 and 50, a a
sup a-na ional e i o y le el ca ego iza ion ( his classi ica ion
shows he ci a ion s uc u e in he ield be ween 1987 and 2021).
As obse ed, he mos in luen ial egion has been No h
Ame ica, wi h an H-index alue o 595; his means ha 595pa-
pe s published in s a egic managemen esea ch ha e ecei ed
a leas 595ci a ions. Ano he impo an aspec o Table1 is he
ela i e closeness o Wes e n Eu ope and Oceania in he num-
be o ci a ions ecei ed pe published Pape . Simila pa e ns
a e ollowed by A ica, Eas e n Eu ope and La in Ame ica. This
highligh s ha al hough he quan i y in a icles published is dis-
simila be ween hese egions, he impac hey ha e on he ield
is compa able.
Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión 22/2 (2022) 7-22
Thi y- i e yea s o s a egic managemen esea ch. A coun y analysis using bibliome ic echniques o he 1987-2021 pe iod 11
Table 1
S a egy esea ch ci a ion s uc u e in he WoS by each sup ana ional egion (1987-2021)
REGIONS TPS TCS THS aTCS/TPS >500 >250 >100 >50
No h Ame ica 37583 2676866 595 71.23 798 2186 6159 11052
Wes e n Eu ope 29385 1106026 355 37.64 201 612 2363 5373
Eas Asia 17283 439595 221 25.44 58 172 859 2123
Oceania 6711 221285 182 32.97 26 102 434 1087
Middle Eas 4083 69861 104 17.11 3 18 116 331
La in Ame ica 4088 45194 86 11.06 4 16 70 187
Eas e n Eu ope 3822 46279 85 12.11 5 14 65 164
A ica 2149 23119 61 10.76 1 5 28 78
Abb e ia ions: TPS and TCS=To al numbe o publica ions and ci a ions, based on s a egy esea ch only. THS is he H-Index based on s a egy
in es iga ions. ≥500, ≥250, ≥100 and ≥50 is he numbe o pape s ha ha e eached ha numbe o ci a ions.
a The lis is o de ed op down conside ing he THS-index as he i s classi ica ion i em. The second classi ica ion i em is he TPS, he hi d
classi ica ion i em is he TCS.
Sou ce: Own elabo a ion.
3.1.2. Leading coun ies in s a egic managemen
esea ch
This sec ion cen e s he analysis on coun ies based on hei
geopoli ical de ini ion. In his sense, some changes h oughou
his pe iod a e conside ed (such as hose ha a ec ed he old
So ie Union in he 90s), assigning au ho ship o esea ch o i s
ac ual geopoli ical e e ence. Mo eo e , by assigning au ho ship
o he Pape s o he na ionali y o he ins i u ion a he han he
au ho s’ na ionali y —a he ime o his esea ch— he in es iga-
ion can a oid he issue whe e some esea che s in one coun y
may ha e di e en na ionali ies.
Table2 p esen s he Top50 mos in luen ial coun ies in
s a egic managemen esea ch in hi y- i e yea s o academic
in es iga ion (be ween 1987-2021). The deg ee o in luence is
based on h ee c i e ia: 1) he H-index, which measu emen
o his esea ch is based on publica ions on s a egy. Fu -
he mo e, his index is an essen ial bibliome ic ins umen
ha is widely accep ed o quan i ying he impac o academ-
ic p oduc s based on indi idual esul s (Alonso e al., 2009;
Hi sch, 2005); 2) The o al numbe o pape s published in
s a egic managemen esea ch; and 3) he o al numbe o ci a-
ions ecei ed by each p oduc . These bibliome ic echniques
alloca e one uni o each coun y, ep esen ed in i s au ho -
ship. Al hough his assigna ion can signi y some di e gence
caused by he dissimila p esence o ins i u ions in he same
pape , he numbe o esea che s by coun y can minimize
his e ec . The e o e, ma ginal de ia ions a e expec ed o his
kind o assigna ion.
As seen, he mos p ominen and p oduc i e coun y in
s a egic managemen esea ch is he USA. This is expec ed
due o speci ic cha ac e is ics and miles ones in he his o y o
his ield, as highligh ed by Ne u e al. (2008) which s a es:
Fi s ly, Tha he p eeminen in luence o publica ions o clas-
sic wo ks such as Chandle (1962), Anso (1965), and Po e
(1980; 1985) (among o he s), ha e been c ucial. And hese a e
a ilia ed o esea ch ins i u ions and o ganiza ions loca ed in
he US. Secondly, he launching o he S a egic Managemen
Jou nal (SMJ) in USA, which is he mos specialized jou nal
wo ldwide in his ield. Thi dly, The in oduc ion o he s a -
egy di ision o he Academy o Managemen Jou nal (AMJ),
as well as he inclusion o s a egy as he scope o publica ion
among o he dis inguished jou nals loca ed in said coun y. Fi-
nally, he p esence o US uni e si ies ha a e highly espec ed
h oughou he wo ld. This his o ical e idence is con i med in
he ci a ion s uc u e as demons a ed by he di e en ci a ion
h esholds in Table2 —which shows ha he US has come o be
seen as a leade o he ield—, hus building ounda ions o he
cons uc ion o u u e knowledge —including in o he ields—
such as biology o physics.
No e ha Canada also shows ema kable ou comes ela ed o
he numbe o ci a ions pe published Pape . This highligh s he
impo ance o i s academic p oduc ion o s a egic managemen
esea ch. Rega dless, ou o he e y impo an coun ies —in
his opic— ha mus be men ioned a e he UK, he Ne he -
lands, F ance, and China.
In he cou se o his in es iga ion, in e es ing esul s a ose
when con as ing he numbe o publica ions and ci a ions e-
cei ed, a e applying con ol by coun y popula ion (as e i-
denced in he las h ee columns in Table2). This analysis pe
capi a akes on added ele ance in he case o highly p oduc-
i e coun ies whose esul s —because o hei size— a e no
signi ican on a global scale. In his sense, he e a e i e in lu-
en ial coun ies in he ield: Liech ens ein, Finland, Denma k,
New Zealand, and Singapo e. Special no e mus be aken when
conside ing he di e ence in popula ion when compa ed o
powe houses such as he US and China. Al hough small, hese
coun ies ha e high p oduc ion, which u he demons a es he
ema kable esul s ha p o e he ele ance o s a egic manage-
men esea ch in said coun ies.
In his ega d, he case o he Ne he lands is highly no ewo -
hy i he numbe o ci a ions ecei ed pe capi a is being con-
side ed, which places his na ion in he Top5 mos p ominen
coun ies in s a egic managemen esea ch.
Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión 22/2 (2022) 7-22
12 Nelson A. And ade-Valbuena, Leslie Valenzuela-Fe nández, José M. Me igó
Table 2
Mos in luen ial coun ies in s a egy esea ch (1987-2021)
R COUNTRY TPS TCS THS aTCS/TPS >500 >250 >100 >50 Pop. (2021) b(TPS/Pop) X 100.000 (TCS/Pop) X 100.000
1 USA 33719 2473335 582 73.35 749 2032 5697 10130 329484.12 102.34 750.67
2 UK 13311 541599 268 40.69 83 301 1159 2678 67215.29 198.04 805.77
3 Canada 5493 317491 246 57.80 76 242 746 1434 38005.24 144.53 835.39
4 Ne he lands 3636 182412 191 50.17 45 126 415 875 17441.14 208.47 1045.87
5 F ance 3745 158252 180 42.26 45 110 344 677 67391.58 55.57 234.82
6 China 8282 213900 177 25.83 32 88 416 1039 1419060.50 5.84 15.07
7 Aus alia 5695 188930 170 33.17 22 89 374 927 25687.04 221.71 735.51
8 Ge many 4437 150234 160 33.86 19 68 340 793 83240.52 53.30 180.48
9 Spain 4835 146797 155 30.36 20 71 293 721 47351.57 102.11 310.02
10 I aly 3731 102424 131 27.45 8 38 210 534 59544.02 62.66 172.01
11 Sweden 2251 84716 131 37.63 20 55 184 401 10353.44 217.42 818.24
12 Swi ze land 1478 66705 126 45.13 12 40 173 327 8636.90 171.13 772.33
13 Finland 1999 64824 117 32.43 4 25 149 344 5530.72 361.44 1172.07
14 Denma k 1666 64333 116 38.62 11 34 149 323 5831.40 285.69 1103.22
15 Belgium 1171 59081 114 50.45 16 37 130 291 11556.00 101.33 511.26
16 Sou h Ko ea 2400 70430 112 29.35 9 31 144 317 51780.58 46.35 136.02
17 Singapo e 1300 55968 111 43.05 6 24 139 310 5685.81 228.64 984.35
18 Taiwan 2881 72173 109 25.05 6 20 138 387 23886.05 120.61 302.16
19 No way 1166 39055 97 33.49 5 21 93 189 5379.48 216.75 726.00
20 New Zealand 1245 38199 88 30.68 4 15 69 190 5084.30 244.87 751.31
21 Is ael 728 27833 84 38.23 5 15 76 145 9216.90 78.99 301.98
22 Aus ia 912 30547 83 33.49 3 15 65 149 8917.20 102.27 342.56
23 India 3166 38706 79 12.23 1 9 49 165 1380004.39 2.29 2.80
24 Japan 931 27928 78 30.00 7 15 57 115 125836.02 7.40 22.19
25 I eland 720 20718 73 28.78 3 10 43 108 4994.72 144.15 414.80
26 Po ugal 1190 26026 69 21.87 5 6 44 116 10305.56 115.47 252.54
27 Tu key 1002 19847 66 19.81 0 4 35 108 84339.07 11.88 23.53
28 G eece 636 18577 65 29.21 3 6 32 98 10715.55 59.35 173.36
29 B azil 2311 20463 57 8.85 3 5 27 71 212559.41 10.87 9.63
30 No h I eland 226 9648 53 42.69 1 5 24 58 1895.51 119.23 508.99
31 Malaysia 1196 15680 51 13.11 2 3 17 55 32366.00 36.95 48.45
32 Cyp us 236 9716 47 41.17 1 7 25 47 1207.36 195.47 804.73
33 Sou h A ica 1092 11411 46 10.45 0 3 15 41 59308.69 18.41 19.24
34 U. A ab. Emi a es 666 8931 45 13.41 0 1 13 35 9890.40 67.34 90.30
35 Chile 418 8122 43 19.43 0 4 15 40 19116.21 21.87 42.49
36 Mexico 454 6827 42 15.04 0 3 11 35 128932.75 3.52 5.30
37 I an 783 8665 40 11.07 1 3 11 29 83992.95 9.32 10.32
38 Russia 625 7152 39 11.44 0 1 15 32 144104.08 4.34 4.96
39 Thailand 456 5760 36 12.63 1 1 5 20 69799.98 6.53 8.25
40 Slo enia 249 7022 36 28.20 3 4 10 25 2100.13 118.56 334.36
41 Saudi A abia 397 4588 34 11.56 0 0 5 16 34813.87 11.40 13.18
42 Poland 690 5277 33 7.65 0 0 3 13 37950.80 18.18 13.90
43 Li huania 340 4130 30 12.15 0 0 3 15 2794.70 121.66 147.78
44 Colombia 448 4622 29 10.32 1 3 6 11 50882.88 8.80 9.08
45 Lebanon 137 2962 28 21.62 0 0 5 18 6825.44 20.07 43.40
46 Liech ens ein 62 2731 28 44.05 0 0 7 16 38.35 1616.69 7121.25
47 Romania 461 3362 25 7.29 1 1 1 4 19705.30 23.39 17.06
48 A gen ina 132 2004 23 15.18 0 0 2 12 45376.76 2.91 4.42
49 Czech Republic 310 2102 21 6.78 0 0 1 2 10561.63 29.35 19.90
50 Hunga y 178 2277 20 12.79 0 1 5 8 9749.76 18.26 23.35
Abb e ia ions: TPS and TCS=To al numbe o publica ions and ci a ions, based on s a egy esea ch only. THS is he H-Index passed on s a egy
in es iga ions. ≥500, ≥250, ≥100 and ≥50 is he numbe o pape s ha ha e eached ha numbe o ci a ions. Pop: Popula ion in housands o people.
a The lis is o de ed op down conside ing he THS-index as he i s classi ica ion i em. The second classi ica ion i em is he TPS, he hi d
classi ica ion i em is he TCS.
b Acco ding o Wo ld Bank (2021) da abase.
Sou ce: Own elabo a ion.
Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión 22/2 (2022) 7-22
Thi y- i e yea s o s a egic managemen esea ch. A coun y analysis using bibliome ic echniques o he 1987-2021 pe iod 13
3.1.3. Tempo al analysis o he leading coun ies
A c i ical analysis based on he coun y ankings is employed
o obse e hei e olu ion o e ime. Fo example, Table3 shows
he mos in luen ial coun ies in s a egic managemen esea ch
by quinquennials.
On a e age, he H-Index based on s a egic managemen
esea ch is 37, meaning ha 37pape s ecei ed a leas 37ci-
a ions each i e yea s. I is also impo an o men ion he in-
c easing p oduc ion o published Pape s, which aises om
1,627 in he i s quinquennial o 52,633 in he las i e yea s,
ep esen ing an a e age inc ease in p oduc ion o 184% e e y
i e yea s. This inc ease in p oduc i i y is le e aged by he
simila ly g owing numbe o Jou nals ha a e specialized in
he ield, and o he s ha ha e included s a egy in he scope o
hei publica ions.
The da a clea ly demons a es he leade ship o he US
du ing hese hi y- i e yea s, as i s p oduc i i y and numbe
o ci a ions ecei ed in each pe iod a e ou s anding. Howe e ,
i mus be no ed ha he gap in e ms o he H-index be ween
o he coun ies has dec eased o e ime ( om 116 in he i s
quinquennial o 22 in he las quinquennial, pa icula ly o
he unne -up coun y). In his case, Denma k, China, and
he Ne he lands ha e had a g owing impac on s a egic man-
agemen esea ch o e he ime pe iod, aising hemsel es in
he ankings o e he se en quinquennials no only in hei
H-index, bu also in he inc easing numbe o Pape s pub-
lished and ci a ions ecei ed. This highligh s he cumula i e
le els o specializa ion in s a egy. In lieu, Is ael and Japan a e
losing ele ance in he ield, which shows ha hei in es i-
ga i e in e es s and e o s a e being di ec ed owa ds o he
disciplines.
Wi h espec o he numbe o ci a ions pe Pape ecei ed,
Canada, F ance, he Ne he lands, he UK, and Belgium a e ele-
an coun ies, anking in he Top10 in his index in almos all
he quinquennials.
Table3 collec s he e olu ion o in luence ankings by quin-
quennials. Conside ing he i s wo pe iods: 1987-1991 and
1992-1996, he US comes ou as he mos p ominen and p oli ic
in he ield. Wi h an academic p oduc ion ha comp ises 65% o
all he Top 30 coun ies combined, he US also ecei ed almos
75% o ci a ions du ing he decade. Ye , Spain, F ance, Sweden,
and Canada ha e ecei ed mo e han 100 ci a ions pe Pape in
hese wo ime pe iods, which is mo e han wha was ecei ed by
he US pe Pape . This shows he conside able commonali ies o
i s wo ks wi h o he in es iga ions.
The second wo-s ages o esea ch co espond o he 1997-
2001 and 2002-2006 ime pe iods (see Table3). Based on he
numbe o ci a ions ecei ed pe Pape , he ele ance o his dec-
ade in he cons uc ion o knowledge lea ning in he ield mus
be highligh ed. This pe iod shows an inc easing ele ance o
coun ies such as he UK, Canada, he Ne he lands, and F ance
in he academic discussion on he subjec . In bo h quinquenni-
als, Belgium ecei ed he mos signi ican numbe o ci a ions
pe Pape , which shows he ela i ely b oad accep ance o i s
academic p oduc ion, pu ing i wi hin he Top4 in his index
wo ldwide (as displayed in Table2).
The hi d wo-s ages o esea ch co espond o he 2007-
2011 and 2012-2016 ime pe iods. Table3 shows ha , o e all,
esul s a e ela i ely compa able o he p e ious decades, aking
in o accoun ha in he la e , he e a e mo e Jou nals indexed
in he WoS da abase. Thus, he olume o academic p oduc ion
published he e is e en mo e ema kable, which co obo a es
wi h he gene al assump ion ha s a egic managemen esea ch
is inc easing wo ldwide.
Fu he mo e, some ends a e consolida ed in his pe iod,
such as he ele ance ha ce ain coun ies besides he US a e
gaining in he ield. No e: om 2012-2016, 75% and 73% o he
numbe o Pape s and he numbe o ci a ions ecei ed — espec-
i ely— we e ecei ed by coun ies o he han he US. This is an
opposi e scena io o he p e ious si ua ion, and i is e idenced in
he i s i e yea s o s a egic managemen esea ch. Addi ional-
ly, he Top5 coun ies ecei ing he mos ci a ions pe Pape in
he las quinquennial a e Swi ze land, he UK, he Ne he lands,
Aus ia, and Canada, which he alds a wide —and a ied— ange
o new p ominen ac o s ep esen ing di e en hemes and spe-
cial ies in s a egic managemen esea ch. Ye e en wi h all hese
ad ancemen s, he US is s ill by a he mos p ominen and
p oli ic coun y in he ield. Howe e , hese esul s showcase he
deg ee o ma u i y and consolida ion o he a ea, as mo e g oups
ge in ol ed.
In he las pe iod (2017-2021), a consolida ion s age om
he op h ee in luen ial ac o s in he ield can be obse ed. This
g oup is led by he US, which published almos 19% o all he
op 30coun ies combined and ga he ed almos 22% o all he
ci a ions ecei ed in his quinquennial. Fu he mo e, he US,
UK, China, I aly, and Ge many — oge he — concen a e al-
mos hal o he published Pape s (48%) and ci a ions ecei ed
(52%) wo ldwide in his quinquennial. In e es ingly, despi e his
ime pe iod being subjec o he COVID-19 global pandemic,
he ends in publica ion and ci a ions (as e idenced in he h ee
p e ious decades) emain.
Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión 22/2 (2022) 7-22
14 Nelson A. And ade-Valbuena, Leslie Valenzuela-Fe nández, José M. Me igó
Table 3
Mos in luen ial coun ies in s a egy esea ch by quinquennials. Pe iods 1987-1991 and 2017-2021
1987-1991 1992-1996 1997-2001 2002-2006 2007-2011 2012-2016 2017-2021
R CTRY TPS TCS THS TCS
/TPS CTRY TPS TCS THS TCS
/TPS CTRY TPS TCS THS TCS
/TPS CTRY TPS TCS THS TCS
/TPS CTRY TPS TCS THS TCS
/TPS CTRY TPS TCS THS TCS
/TPS CTRY TPS TCS THS TCS
/TPS
1 USA 1139 106748 154 93.72 USA 2789 259756 243 93.14 USA 3329 314583 267 94.50 USA 4011 292321 239 72.88 USA 5992 211094 165 35.23 USA 7093 59930 68 8.45 USA 10228 123562 109 12.08
2Canada 95 10408 38 109.56 UK 599 26558 77 44.34 UK 1006 58416 113 58.07 UK 1249 69801 124 55.89 UK 2140 70757 112 33.06 UK 3382 35684 63 10.55 UK 5360 69106 87 12.89
3UK 168 7576 30 45.10 Canada 318 24397 70 76.72 Canada 378 31854 89 84.27 Canada 562 34818 101 61.95 Canada 1016 32445 84 31.93 Canada 1240 10799 44 8.71 China 5231 48159 71 9.21
4F ance 29 5288 21 182.34 F ance 109 9567 45 87.77 Ne he -
lands 218 13360 58 61.28 Ne he -
lands 319 19699 75 61.75 Ne he -
lands 688 23950 74 34.81 Ne he -
lands 1017 9669 39 9.51 I aly 2211 26998 62 12.21
5Is ael 18 750 13 41.67 Ne he -
lands 108 7976 35 73.85 F ance 163 13223 58 81.12 F ance 238 15405 70 64.73 China 821 23361 70 28.45 China 1900 12765 38 6.72 Ge many 2159 25467 61 11.80
6Aus alia 19 531 11 27.95 Singa-
po e 34 746 34 21.94 China 179 11447 53 63.95 Aus alia 376 17554 69 46.69 Spain 931 20358 68 21.87 Ge many 1363 11023 38 8.09 Aus alia 2722 28961 59 10.64
7 Ge many 16 502 9 31.38 Aus alia 95 6654 30 70.04 Aus alia 229 8911 48 38.91 China 272 14725 68 54.14 Ge many 657 19726 67 30.02 Spain 1450 8947 36 6.17 F ance 1935 21805 59 11.27
8Ne he -
lands 25 424 9 16.96 China 61 2960 23 48.52 Ge many 110 6176 40 56.15 Spain 290 12625 57 43.53 Aus alia 886 21117 66 23.83 Aus alia 1546 10475 35 6.78 Canada 2012 22444 57 11.16
9Japan 18 653 8 36.28 Is ael 49 2753 22 56.18 Singa-
po e 79 4664 35 59.04 Ge many 215 10531 56 48.98 F ance 456 14693 58 32.22 I aly 939 6735 34 7.17 Ne he -
lands 1373 19440 57 14.16
10 Spain 6 1130 6 188.33 Sweden 41 4038 18 98.49 Sweden 68 5143 33 75.63 Singa-
po e 146 9003 50 61.66 I aly 402 11359 55 28.26 F ance 926 6354 32 6.86 Spain 2275 23581 55 10.37
11 Swi ze -
land 11 1021 6 92.82 I aly 51 1527 18 29.94 I aly 89 3487 33 39.18 Sou h
Ko ea 149 10010 47 67.18 Swi ze -
land 278 10709 54 38.52 Finland 624 5038 32 8.07 Sweden 1081 12708 52 11.76
12 Sou h
Ko ea 7 354 6 50.57 Belgium 25 2418 17 96.72 Sou h
Ko ea 70 5426 31 77.51 I aly 145 5386 44 37.14 Sweden 340 9739 49 28.64 Swi ze -
land 470 4981 32 10.60 India 2605 18509 48 7.11
13 Sweden 6 115 5 19.17 Ge many 63 939 17 14.90 Is ael 73 2964 31 40.60 Taiwan 216 6446 43 29.84 Taiwan 791 12860 48 16.26 Sweden 656 4411 30 6.72 Finland 979 11681 45 11.93
14 New
Zealand 9 126 4 14.00 Sou h
Ko ea 26 1249 16 48.04 Belgium 57 6054 30 106.21 Sweden 138 7128 43 51.65 Finland 301 8022 47 26.65 Den-
ma k 471 3835 30 8.14 Swi ze -
land 618 9488 44 15.35
15 Singa-
po e 8 97 3 12.13 Japan 47 1659 15 35.30 Spain 69 3178 27 46.06 Den-
ma k 98 6677 40 68.13 Den-
ma k 242 6696 47 27.67 Taiwan 905 4673 27 5.16 Den-
ma k 836 9726 42 11.63
16 Sou h
A ica 3 53 3 17.67 Taiwan 26 756 13 29.08 Japan 58 4747 26 81.84 Belgium 88 6608 39 75.09 Belgium 208 6861 44 32.99 Singa-
po e 359 2518 25 7.01 Sou h
Ko ea 1166 9697 40 8.32
17 Finland 7 44 3 6.29 Swi ze -
land 28 1124 12 40.14 New
Zealand 66 3701 25 56.08 Finland 99 4046 37 40.87 Singa-
po e 230 6142 44 26.7 Sou h
Ko ea 688 3329 24 4.84 New
Zealand 610 6306 39 10.34
18 No way 4 39 3 9.75 Den-
ma k 19 942 12 49.58 Den-
ma k 51 3558 22 69.76 New
Zealand 92 4224 37 45.91 Sou h
Ko ea 348 6991 43 20.09 No way 295 2410 24 8.17 No way 606 7447 39 12.29
19 India 7 19 3 2.71 Spain 22 609 12 27.68 Taiwan 52 1153 21 22.17 Swi ze -
land 94 4434 36 47.17 No way 184 4943 39 26.86 Aus ia 271 2400 24 8.86 Taiwan 979 8879 37 9.07
20 Chile 3 194 2 64.67 Finland 25 522 12 20.88 I eland 35 1156 19 33.03 No way 73 3897 31 53.38 Japan 143 3476 30 24.31 Belgium 362 2742 23 7.57 Po ugal 761 7094 36 9.32
21 China 3 152 2 50.67 New
Zealand 42 959 11 22.83 Finland 44 2814 17 63.95 Is ael 67 2478 28 36.99 Tu key 165 3146 30 19.07 New
Zealand 304 1951 21 6.42 Aus ia 471 6592 35 14.00
22 Po ugal 2 38 2 19.00 Aus ia 15 465 10 31.00 No way 31 1452 16 46.84 Japan 97 2900 26 29.90 Is ael 137 3277 29 23.92 India 416 1456 18 3.50 Singa-
po e 468 5215 35 11.14
23 I aly 6 20 2 3.33 India 28 421 10 15.04 India 42 978 16 23.29 G eece 56 2330 26 41.61 India 155 3114 29 20.09 Po ugal 292 1647 17 5.64 Malaysia 919 6830 34 7.43
24 G eece 2 17 2 8.50 I eland 16 831 9 51.94 Swi ze -
land 35 1798 14 51.37 Aus ia 54 2520 25 46.67 Po ugal 131 3451 28 26.34 I eland 172 1113 17 6.47 Belgium 477 5558 34 11.65
25 Aus ia 4 16 2 4.00 No way 13 481 8 37.00 Aus ia 28 975 14 34.82 India 49 1243 21 25.37 New
Zealand 166 3158 28 19.02 Japan 207 957 16 4.62 B azil 1802 6559 32 3.64
26 B azil 2 11 2 5.50 B azil 11 224 5 20.36 Tu key 24 722 14 30.08 Tu key 48 1211 21 25.23 Aus ia 110 2559 27 23.26 G eece 158 922 16 5.84 Tu key 564 4420 32 7.84
27 Poland 2 4 2 2.00 Po ugal 6 162 5 27.00 G eece 17 929 12 54.65 Po ugal 37 1511 19 40.84 I eland 101 101 27 1.00 Is ael 166 1047 15 6.31 Pakis an 582 3957 30 6.80
28 Nige ia 3 235 1 78.33 Cyp us 4 933 4 233.25 B azil 22 847 11 38.50 I eland 40 1071 16 26.78 G eece 123 2205 25 17.93 Malaysia 236 791 14 3.35 U A ab
Emi a es 519 4193 30 8.08
29 Den-
ma k 2 68 1 34.00 Sou h
A ica 10 59 4 5.90 Cyp us 13 615 10 47.31 B azil 32 1355 14 42.34 B azil 160 1934 25 12.09 B azil 478 901 13 1.88 I eland 385 3554 28 9.23
30 Saudi
A abia 3 23 1 7.67 Hunga y 9 52 3 5.78 Sou h
A ica 22 451 10 20.50 Sou h
A ica 26 843 14 32.42 Malaysia 101 1737 22 17.20 Tu key 215 846 13 3.93 Sou h
A ica 699 3634 25 5.20
Sou ce: Own elabo a ion.
Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión 22/2 (2022) 7-22
Thi y- i e yea s o s a egic managemen esea ch. A coun y analysis using bibliome ic echniques o he 1987-2021 pe iod 15
3.1.4. Ne wo k analysis o he Global academic p o-
duc ion
The p e ious analysis p esen s ce ain gene al esul s based
on bibliome ic echniques; howe e , i is also in e es ing o ob-
se e ha he academic ma e ial can be mapped om a b oade
pe spec i e o iden i y cen al and pe iphe al ac o s based on ci-
a ion connec ions be ween coun ies.
Figu e2 shows a ne wo k based on ci a ion analysis wi h a
h eshold o 100ci a ions, and 100 o he mos ep esen a i e
ci ing links. Following he dis inc ion o he WoS da abase,
his so wa e maps he Uni ed Kingdom o G ea B i ain and
No he n I eland based on i s cons i uen coun ies: England,
Sco land, Wales, and No he n I eland. A simila case is iewed
ega ding China and Hong Kong. Addi ionally, his closeness be-
ween nodes wi hin he ne wo k also ollows geog aphical and/
o cul u al ela ed ends.
The US is he mos ci ed coun y and has he b oades ne -
wo k, ollowed by England, China, Canada, Spain, and Ge many,
which shows he in e ela ion ha hei a eas o esea ch sha e
wi h o he coun ies. Mo eo e , he cen ali y (posi ion-wise) in
he g aph o he mos ep esen a i e coun ies based on ci a ion
analysis con i ms he esul s o Table2, which we e ob ained by
bibliome ic echniques, whe e he US and he UK a e highligh -
ed as cen al ac o s in s a egic managemen esea ch.
As can also be obse ed, mos o he links accumula e in he
middle o he g aph, which also con i ms he leade ship o some
coun ies on ci a ion s uc u e, as shown by he di e en h esh-
olds a he le el o sup a-na ional and indi idual coun ies in
Table1 and Table2, espec i ely. I is also impo an o men ion
ha mos o he links ha e been de eloped wi hin coun ies ha
ep esen he Wes e n Eu opean sup a-na ional egion, which
e eals simila academic in e es s in s a egic managemen e-
sea ch hemes.
Figu e 2
Bibliog aphic da a Map, based on ci a ion analysis om leading coun ies (1987–2021). Size a ia ion-ne wo k isualiza ion.
Th esholds: 100 Coun ies and 50 ci a ion links
Sou ce: Own elabo a ion wi h VOS-Viewe so wa e (Van Eck and Wal man, 2010).
Managemen Le e s / Cuade nos de Ges ión 22/2 (2022) 7-22
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