In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
Ka s en Fehn, Alexande Feke e, Ch is He kämpe , Alex Lechleu hne ,
Celia No , Ompe Aimé Mudimu, Ul Sch emme
INCOR Basis-In as uk u en und Se ices eine
inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an.
Abschlussbe ich de De ini ionsphase
INCOR Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o
Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e
Resilience in I an. Final epo o he de ini ion
phase
Edi ed by Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas
2
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
This documen is published wi hin he se ies 'In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch'.
All publica ions can be downloaded om h p://opus.bsz-
bw.de/ hk/doku/publizie e_Sch i en eihen.php.
Despi e ho ough e ision he in o ma ion p o ided in his documen is supplied wi hou liabili y.
The documen does no necessa ily p esen he opinion o he edi o s.
EDITION NOTICE
Edi o s o Se ies
Ka s en Fehn (P o . D . iu . D . e . medic.)
Alexande Feke e (P o . D .-Ing.)
Ch is He kämpe (B.Eng.)
Alex Lechleu hne (P o . D . med. D . e . na .)
Ompe Aimé Mudimu (P o . D .-Ing.)
Celia No (M.Sc.)
Ul Sch emme (P o . D .-Ing.)
TH Köln - Uni e si y o Applied Sciences
Ins i u e o Rescue Enginee ing and Ci il P o ec ion
Be zdo e S . 2
50679 Cologne
Ge many
www.i g. h-koeln.de
Edi o ship o Se ies - con ac : alexande . eke e@ h-koeln.de
Edi o s o his Volume
Alexande Feke e (P o . D .-Ing.)
Asad Asadzadeh (D .-Ing.)
Mahsa Moghadas
Con ac
Ch is He kämpe
Email: ch is.he kaempe @ h-koeln.de
Phone: + 49 (0) 221 8275 4253
Web: h p:// isknc isis.wo dp ess.com
Recommended Ci a ion Full Volume
Feke e, Alexande ; Asadzadeh, Asad, Moghadas, Mahsa (Eds.) INCOR Basis-In as uk u en und Se ices eine
inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an. Abschlussbe ich de De ini ionsphase. INCOR Basic In as uc u es and
Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an. Final epo o he de ini ion phase.
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch, 2/2019, 64 pages.
Recommended Ci a ion Sec ions
Au ho 's Su name, Fi s Name (2019): Ti le. In: Feke e, A.; Asadzadeh, A., Moghadas, M. (Eds.) INCOR Basis-
In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an. Abschlussbe ich de De ini ionsphase.
INCOR Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an. Final epo
o he de ini ion phase. In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch, 2/2019, Page Re e ence.
ISSN: 2366-4029
Cologne, Oc obe 2019
3
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
Wi h con ibu ions om:
Mehme Akdogan, Kambod Amini Hosseini, Mohsen Ash iany, Meisam Basi a, Roland Baumhaue ,
Jacqueline Bege ow, Ch is ian Büdel, Vic o Die enbach, Nico G ebne , Johannes Gus , Timo Heyn,
Solmaz Hosseinioon, Mohamm
ad Kazem Ja a i, Mohamd eza Ja di e Yegahne, Ali Ashga
Kamalizadeh Bijan Khazai Theo Kö e , A ash Malekian, Sepeh Ma zi, Adel Mohseni, Zoh eh
Mousa iun, Ali eza Noo y, Abbas Os ad Taghizadeh, Ahmad Sadeghi, Simone Sandholz, Reza
Sa a i, Ul Sie ke , Bi gi Te ho s , Tobias Ullmann, Ma in Voss, Ma ina Wilde, Es andia Zeba das
Acknowledgemen s: Many mo e indi iduals we e in ol ed especially du ing ou wo kshops and we
would like o hank hem all and apologise ha we mainly lis he e hose ins umen al in
de eloping he p oposals o INCOR.
4
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Inhal s e zeichnis
1a. Inhal des INCOR P ojek s ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach
1b. Con en o he INCOR p ojec ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach
2a. Hin e g und und Konzep ion des INCOR P ojek s - Basis-In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en
Ka as ophen esilienz im I an ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas
2b. Backg ound and Concep ion o INCOR P ojec - Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e
Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas
3. Syne gy be ween esilience and inclusi e hinking in basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) planning . 29
Asad Asadzadeh
4. Co-Designing Ge man I anian Pa ne ships: Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Inclusi e Communi y
Disas e Resilience in I an (INCOR P ojec ). I anian-Ge man Expe Wo kshops Se ies ......................................... 31
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas
5. Oppo uni ies o S eng hening he Ge man Con ibu ions o he Sendai F amewo k, he SDGs, and he
New U ban Agenda. Repo om he Ge man-I anian Pa ne ship – P ojec INCOR ............................................ 54
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh
5
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
1a. Inhal des INCOR P ojek s
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach
P ojek i el: Basis-In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an. - Basic
In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an (INCOR)
P ojek koo dina ion: P o . D . Alexande Feke e. TH Köln
Mi a bei : Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach
BMBF Fö de maßnahme "In e na ionales Ka as ophen- und Risikomanagemen – IKARIM
P ojek daue : 6 Mona e, 2018
1. Au gabens ellung
Im Ok obe 2017 ha das Bundesminis e ium ü Bildung und Fo schung (BMBF) die Aussch eibung
In e na ionales Ka as ophen- und Risikomanagemen (IKARIM) im Rahmen des P og amms "Fo schung ü
die zi ile Siche hei " de Bundes egie ung (2012-2017) e ö en lich . Ziel is de T ans e on Wissen und die
Bildung in e na ionale Pa ne scha en im Be eich des Ka as ophen isikomanagemen s. De I an mi seine
An älligkei ü zahl eiche Na u ka as ophen wa eines de Schwe punk lände de Aussch eibung, da e ü
zahl eiche Na u ge ah en an ällig is und mindes ens d ei Pa ne sei meh e en Jah en in
Ka as ophen isikobewe ungs- und Resilienzs udien (Uni . Wü zbu g, Uni . Bonn IGG und TH Köln) a bei en.
Die E ah ungen, die du ch die jüngs en S udien des Teams zu An agsen wicklung im I an (THK und IGG)
gewonnen wu den, zeig en, dass ein in eg a i es Rahmenwe k ü die angemessene Bewe ung,
Managemen und S eue ung de Resilienz de Be ölke ung bei Ka as ophen ehl . In diesem Kon ex is es
das Ziel INCORs, Me hoden, P ozesse und Ins umen e zu e ablie en, um die Resilienz gegenübe
Na u ka as ophen in i anischen S äd en zu e höhen. INCOR un e such inhal liche Risiken ü lebenswich ige
In as uk u en (Wasse e so gung, Ene gie, T anspo - und S aßenne z) bzgl. Na u ge ah en, und einen
Wechsel weg on einem eak i en hin zu einem p oak i en Ansa z ü die zukün ige Ka as ophen o so ge.
2. Du ch üh ung
Die e s e Phase on INCOR wa de Au bau eines Ke n eams ü das P ojek . Un e de Lei ung on P o .
Feke e (TH Köln) haben d ei Mi a bei e Innen (Co-Au o Innen dieses Bei ags) an de En wicklung des
olls ändigen An ags, de O ganisa ion on Tele onkon e enzen, Wo kshops und de Be ich e s a ung übe
die e b ach en A bei en wäh end de De ini ionsphase gea bei e . Kon ak e zu möglichen Pa ne n im I an
bes anden be ei s, auch wu den wei e e Pa ne au deu sche Sei e bzgl. Ih e bishe igen Kenn nisse übe
das Land, Inhal de Au gabens ellung und In e esse ausgewähl . Du ch Vo a bei en de Konso iallei ung,
Vo kenn nisse de Felda bei im I an und die Ansiedlung an de TH Köln als neu ale wissenscha lich/
akademische O ganisa ion konn en iele Kon ak e, Anbahnungsmaßnahmen und inhal liche
Be ich ss ellung e olg eich geplan und angegangen we den.
In de zwei en Phase bilde e INCOR eine Gesp ächspla o m mi 18 deu schen und i anischen Wissenscha s,
P axis- und Managemen o ganisa ionen, um besse zu e s ehen, was wi klich ü die adäqua e En wicklung,
Messung und Implemen ie ung on Ka as ophen esilienz e o de lich is .
6
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Demen sp echend o ganisie e das Ke n eam im Juni, Juli und Augus 2018 d ei Tele onkon e enzen, um
Ideen, Bedü nisse und Möglichkei en besse zu eilen, zu e ö e n und zu e knüp en.
Im nächs en Sch i wu den Wo kshops in Köln, Tehe an und Ka aj du chge üh . Rund 15 deu sche und 100
i anische Expe en anden sich zusammen, um sich übe das P ojek gemeinsam zu Be a en. De e s e
Wo kshop and am 6. und 7. Sep embe 2018 in Köln s a , de zwei e om 15. bis 17. Sep embe in Tehe an
und de d i e am 18. Sep embe in Ka aj. Diese Wo kshops ugen dazu bei, die Ke nideen des INCOR-
P ojek s auszua bei en, die Ziele und Visionen de S akeholde zu de inie en und die E gebnisse aus den
ühen Phasen zu e i izie en. Zu den Zielen de Wo kshops gehö en a) die Iden i izie ung on
Koope a ionspa ne n und die Au nahme de Zusammena bei , b) die E ö e ung und Konsolidie ung de
Bedü nisse o O und de Möglichkei en de DRR, um aumbezogene und konk e e F&E-Lösungen ü die
zen alen He aus o de ungen im I an zu en wickeln, und c) die Iden i izie ung und Be a ung übe die
nächs en Sch i e zu den spezi ischen A bei en de einzelnen Pa ne im Rahmen eines d eijäh igen P ojek s.
Wäh end de Wo kshops in Tehe an und Ka aj üh en die Pa ne auch Be agungen und Besuche o O
du ch, um die bes ehenden Lücken und He aus o de ungen de Ka as ophen isikoplanung und -umse zung
in den Falls udiengebie en besse zu e assen. Die E gebnisse zeig en, dass Basisin as uk u en und -diens e
(abgekü z als BIS) das en scheidende Elemen sind, das bei de S ä kung de Resilienz de Gemeinscha bei
Ka as ophen in den S udiengebie en im Vo de g und s ehen muss.
INCOR s eb einen Bei ag zu in e na ionalen En wicklungs ahmen an, insbesonde e zum Sendai
Rahmenwe k ü Ka as ophen o so ge 2015 - 2030 (SFDRR). Die Absich is es, zu e s ehen, wie die
E gebnisse on INCOR zu Umse zung de SFDRR bei agen können. De en wickel e Be ich zeig auch, wie
INCOR zu ande en globalen Rahmenwe ken wie den Zielen ü nachhal ige En wicklung (SDGs) und de
Neuen U banen Agenda (Habi a III) bei agen kann.
Ve ö en lichungen
Moghadas, Mahsa; Asadzadeh, Asad; Va eidis, A hanasios; Feke e, Alexande , Kö e , Theo
(2019). A mul i-c i e ia app oach o assessing u ban lood esilience in Teh an, I an.
In e na ional Jou nal o Disas e Risk Reduc ion. A ailable online 2 Feb ua y 2019,
101069. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijd .2019.101069
Moghadas, Mahsa; Feke e, Alexande ; Asadzadeh, Asad and Theo Kö e (2018) A heo e ical
amewo k o building he isk- esilience o basic in as uc u es and se ices using
Open Da a. Con e ence P oceedings – Sho Pape . IFoU 2018: Re aming U ban
Resilience Implemen a ion: Aligning Sus ainabili y and Resilience. 10/12/2018 –
12/12/2018, Ba celona, Spain:1-5.
7
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
1b. Con en o he INCOR p ojec
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach
P ojec i le: Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an
(INCOR)
P ojec Coo dina ion: P o . D . Alexande Feke e. TH Köln
Coope a ion: Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach
BMBF Funding Measu e "In e na ional Disas e and Risk Managemen - IKARIM
P ojec du a ion: 6 mon hs, 2018
1. Task
In Oc obe 2017, he Fede al Minis y o Educa ion and Resea ch (BMBF) published he call o p oposals
In e na ional Disas e and Risk Managemen (IKARIM) as pa o he Fede al Go e nmen 's "Resea ch o Ci il
Secu i y" p og amme (2012-2017). The aim is o ans e knowledge and o m in e na ional pa ne ships in
he ield o disas e isk managemen . I an, wi h i s ulne abili y o nume ous na u al disas e s, was one o
he p io i y coun ies in he call o p oposals because i is suscep ible o nume ous na u al haza ds and a
leas h ee pa ne s ha e been wo king o se e al yea s in disas e isk assessmen and esilience s udies
(Uni . Wü zbu g, Uni . Bonn IGG and TH Köln). The expe ience gained om he ecen s udies o he eam on
applica ion de elopmen in I an (THK and IGG) showed ha an in eg a i e amewo k o he app op ia e
assessmen , managemen and con ol o he esilience o he popula ion in he e en o disas e s is lacking.
In his con ex , he aim o INCOR is o es ablish me hods, p ocesses and ins umen s o inc ease esilience o
na u al disas e s in I anian ci ies. INCOR in es iga es con en isks o i al in as uc u es (wa e supply,
ene gy, anspo and oad ne wo ks) ega ding na u al haza ds, and a shi om a eac i e o a p oac i e
app oach o u u e disas e p epa edness.
2. Implemen a ion
The i s phase o INCOR was he c ea ion o a co e eam o he p ojec . Unde he leade ship o P o . Feke e
(TH Köln) h ee s a membe s (co-au ho s o his con ibu ion) wo ked on he de elopmen o he comple e
p oposal, he o ganisa ion o elephone con e ences, wo kshops and he epo ing on he wo k done du ing
he de ini ion phase. Con ac s o possible pa ne s in I an al eady exis ed, also u he pa ne s on he
Ge man side we e selec ed ega ding hei p e ious knowledge abou he coun y, con en s o he ask and
in e es . Th ough he p epa a o y wo k o he conso ium managemen , p io knowledge o ield wo k in I an
and he es ablishmen o he TH Köln as a neu al scien i ic/academic o ganisa ion, many con ac s, ini ia ion
measu es and con en epo ing could be success ully planned and ackled.
In he second phase, INCOR o med a discussion pla o m wi h 18 Ge man and I anian scien i ic, p ac ical and
managemen o ganisa ions in o de o be e unde s and wha is eally necessa y o he adequa e
de elopmen , measu emen and implemen a ion o disas e esilience. Acco dingly, he co e eam o ganised
h ee elephone con e ences in June, July and Augus 2018 o be e sha e, discuss and link ideas, needs and
oppo uni ies.
8
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
The nex s ep was o hold wo kshops in Cologne, Teh an and Ka aj. A ound 15 Ge man and 100 I anian
expe s me o discuss he p ojec . The i s wo kshop ook place on 6 and 7 Sep embe 2018 in Cologne, he
second om 15 o 17 Sep embe in Teh an and he hi d on 18 Sep embe in Ka aj. These wo kshops helped
o elabo a e he co e ideas o he INCOR p ojec , o de ine he goals and isions o he s akeholde s and o
e i y he esul s om he ea ly phases. The objec i es o he wo kshops included (a) iden i ying and s a ing
coope a ion pa ne s, (b) discussing and consolida ing local needs and DRR capabili ies o de elop spa ial
and conc e e R&D solu ions o key challenges in I an, and (c) iden i ying and ad ising on he nex s eps in he
speci ic wo k o each pa ne in a h ee-yea p ojec . Du ing he wo kshops in Teh an and Ka aj, he pa ne s
also conduc ed in e iews and ield isi s o be e unde s and he exis ing gaps and challenges in disas e
isk planning and implemen a ion in he case s udy a eas. The esul s showed ha basic in as uc u e and
se ices (abb e ia ed as BIS) a e he key elemen o s eng hen communi y esilience o disas e s in he s udy
a eas.
INCOR aims o con ibu e o in e na ional de elopmen amewo ks, in pa icula he Sendai F amewo k o
Disas e Reduc ion 2015 - 2030 (SFDRR). The in en ion is o unde s and how he esul s o INCOR con ibu e
o he implemen a ion o he SFDRR.
Publica ions
Moghadas, Mahsa; Asadzadeh, Asad; Va eidis, A hanasios; Feke e, Alexande , Kö e , Theo
(2019). A mul i-c i e ia app oach o assessing u ban lood esilience in Teh an, I an.
In e na ional Jou nal o Disas e Risk Reduc ion. A ailable online 2 Feb ua y 2019,
101069. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijd .2019.101069
Moghadas, Mahsa; Feke e, Alexande ; Asadzadeh, Asad and Theo Kö e (2018) A heo e ical
amewo k o building he isk- esilience o basic in as uc u es and se ices using
Open Da a. Con e ence P oceedings – Sho Pape . IFoU 2018: Re aming U ban
Resilience Implemen a ion: Aligning Sus ainabili y and Resilience. 10/12/2018 –
12/12/2018, Ba celona, Spain:1-5.
9
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
2a. Hin e g und und Konzep ion des INCOR P ojek s - Basis-
In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en
Ka as ophen esilienz im I an
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas
I. Einlei ung
Kü zlich s a ge undene E beben im I an (Ke manshah E beben in 2017 sowie das Bam E dbeben in 2003)
un e s eichen e neu , wie exponie die Gesellscha des I ans gegenübe Na u ge ah en is . Diese
E ah ungen zeigen, dass kaskadie ende Aus älle K i ische In as uk u en (hie als Basis-In as uk u en und
Diens leis ungen - BIS - bezeichne ) d ama ische Ein lüsse au die Reak ion und E holung on be o enen
Gemeinscha en haben können. Zudem e geben sich Kon lik e auch im All ag, wenn es keinen ge ech en
Zugang zu BIS ü Teile de Be ölke ung, o allem a me Menschen in u banen Regionen gib .
Vo diesem Hin e g und e kennen in e na ionale akademische und poli ische K eise den wachsenden Beda
an in eg a i en und esilien en In as uk u en und Diens leis ungen im Kon ex eines e besse en
Ka as ophen isikomanagemen s. Diese In as uk u en bes ehen aus d ei Haup be eichen: Asse s, Wissen
und Ins i u ionen. INCOR un e such Risiken ü lebenswich ige In as uk u en (Wasse e so gung, Ene gie,
T anspo - und S aßenne z) bzgl. Na u ge ah en, und un e s ü z dami den Wechsel weg on einem
eak i en hin zu einem p oak i en Ansa z ü die zukün ige Ka as ophen o so ge du chzu üh en.
S and de Wissenscha
De I an lieg an eine Haup e we ungslinie zwischen de a abischen und eu asischen Pla e und ha in de
Ve gangenhei eine Vielzahl E dbeben e leb . Das g a ie ends e dieses Jah hunde s e eigne e sich 2003, als
ein E dbeben mi eine Magni ude on 6.6 die S ad Bam a und ci ca 30.000 Menschen s a ben. Im Jah
2017 s a ben mindes ens 600 Menschen bei einem E dbeben in Ke manshah (das wel wei g a ie ends e
E dbeben in diesem Jah bislang) und es wu den um die 10.000 Menschen e le z . Meh als 90% de S äd e
des Landes be inden sich in E dbebengebie en, einschließlich de Megas ad Tehe an mi und 13 Millionen
Einwohne n [1]. Lau Swiss Re [2] is Tehe an E dbeben s a k ausgese z und is wel wei au S u e 6 de
ge äh de s en S äd e im Hinblick au die G öße de s äd ischen Be ölke ung, die on eine ode meh e en
Na u ge ah en be o en sein könn e. Eine Million Menschen könn en ge ö e und 70% de S ad schwe
beschädig we den, wenn ein E dbeben wie on Hai i die S ad e schü e [3].
Lau dem Global Assessmen Repo on Disas e Risk Reduc ion (2015) is de I an eines de Lände , das sich
eine Finanzie ungslücke gegenübe sieh und einen S ess es seine iskalischen Resilienz nich bis zu einem
Ve lus eines 1-in-100-Jah en E eignisses bes ehen wü de, wenn es nich übe Ressou cen e üg , um sich
gegen schwe e Ka as ophen wie E dbeben zu pu e n1. Seismische Wissenscha le haben o ku zem
gewa n , dass die Zahl de e hee enden E dbeben in de ganzen Wel im Jah 2018 s a k ans eigen könn e
und o ensich lich is de I an eine de po enziellen Kandida en2. Meh als 90% de S äd e des Landes
be inden sich in E dbebengebie en, einschließlich de Megas ad Tehe an mi ih en und 13 Millionen
Einwohne n. Lau Swiss Re (2013) is Tehe an s a k om E dbeben be o en und wi d wel wei als die sechs -
1 h p://www.p e en ionweb.ne /english/hyogo/ga /2015/en/ga -pd /GAR2015_EN.pd
2 h ps://www. hegua dian.com/wo ld/2017/no /18/2018-se - o-be-yea -o -big-ea hquakes
16
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
De I an ha sich da in bezüglich Fo schungss anda ds, in e na ionale We bewe bs ähigkei ,
Auss ahlungsbedeu ung und Hebelwi kung inne halb de Region, abe auch insbesonde e du ch die hohe
Anzahl und Bedeu ung on Na u ge ah en und en sp echende E ah ung dami ü kün ige Koope a ionen
als besonde s geeigne he ausges ell .
Pa ne
THK-IRG: Ins i u ü Re ungsingenieu wesen und Ge ah enabweh de Technischen Hochschule
Köln: Dieses Ins i u is Fo schungspa ne und Lei e des P ojek konso iums. Mi dem Know-how in de
Fo schung zu k i ischen In as uk u sys emen, Risikobewe ung, Analyse on Vulne abili ä und Resilienz
sowie pa izipa i en Ansä zen in Risk Go e nance im in e na ionalen Kon ex siche diese Pa ne den
Dialog zwischen allen Pa ne n und übe nimm die wissenscha liche Füh ung in den Mul i-Risk-Ansä zen.
P o . Feke e ha meh e e P ojek e (u.a. BMBF) be ei s koo dinie a bei e sei 2002 übe den I an.
UB-IGG: Ins i u ü Geodäsie und Geoin o ma ion an de Uni e si ä Bonn ha einen s a ken
Hin e g und in S ad -
und Regionalplanung, u bane Resilienz, u banen Risiken, kommunale
Ka as ophen esilienz, sowie de En wicklung heo e ische Rahmenbedingunge
n als Basis ü die
Ope a ionalisie ung des Konzep s u bane Resilienz du ch Ve bundmaßnahmen im Kon ex mul iple
Risiken (Deu schland) und im Zusammenhang mi de E dbebenge ah (Tehe an, I an). Das Ins i u wi d mi
seinem s a ken Fokus au u bane Gemeinscha en und seinem Know-how bei de En wicklung eines
in eg ie en konzep ionellen Rahmens ü esilienz-
in eg a i e BIS und de Ope a ionalisie ung des
Konzep s in den Un e suchungsgebie en zu dem P ojek bei agen.
UW - Uni e si ä Wü zbu g - Ins i u ü Geog aphie und Geologie ha eine lange T adi ion und
E ah ung mi A bei en im I an, u.a. in Be eichen wie Geomo phologie, Klima, Bodenkunde, Fe ne kundung
und Na u ge ah en wie Dü en, Übe schwemmungen, E d u schen, abe auch U bani ä und Raumplanung.
Fü INCOR wi d die UW wich iges Know-how zu Na u ge ah en e u sachenden P ozessen, Landnu zung
und E osion, abe auch Maßnahmen zu Minde ung solche P ozesse beis eue n. Physische und
an h opogene Fak o en we den in eg ie , um den INCOR-Ansa z um assende zu ges al en. Räumliche
Beobach ungs-
und Bewe ungsme hoden un e Ve wendung on GIS, abe auch on
Fe ne kundungsda en we den eingese z - zunächs in de De ini ionsphase, um Falls udienspezi ika zu
iden i izie en und spä e Da en ü die Analysen be ei zus ellen. Ein Haup kapi al de UW is die langjäh ige
E ah ung im I an mi Felda bei und lokalen Kon ak en, die nich nu die G undlagena bei im P ojek
ö de n, sonde n auch hel en, eine lang is ige Zusammena bei au zubauen.
Uni ed Na ions Uni e si y – Ins i u e o En i onmen and Human Secu i y (UNU-EHS) is wel wei
üh end in de Risiko-, Vulne abili ä s- und Anpassungs o schung im Kon ex globale Ve ände ungen. Die
Ab eilung ü Schwachs ellenanalysen, Risikomanagemen und adap i e Planung (VARMAP) wi d mi ih em
Fokus au s äd ische Gebie e und ländlich-
s äd ische Ve knüp ungen und Expe ise bei de Bewe ung
gesellscha liche Ve wundba kei und Anpassungs ähigkei en bei agen.
empi ica ag – Resea ch and Consul ing is eine unabhängige Be a ungs i ma ü Wi scha und
Sozialwissenscha en und a bei e an de Schni s elle zwischen Fo schung, Poli ik und In es men . Kunden
sind ö en liche und p i a e Ein ich ungen in den Be eichen Demog aphie, Wohnungsma k , S äd e und
Regionen, benach eilig e S ad eile und sozioökonmische Auswi kungen on In as uk u en.
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In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
CoFA – Hochschule ü Bildende Küns e an de Uni e si ä Tehe an: Diese Uni e si ä is die äl es e und
enommie es e Uni e si ä im I an und Hochschule ü S ad
planung is als Exzellenzzen um ü
S ad planung und nachhal ige S ad en wicklung (CEUPSUD) bekann . Mi einem be äch lichen
Hin e g und in den Be eichen soziale Vulne abili ä und s äd ische Lebensquali ä (na ionale und lokale
Ebene) wi d diese Pa ne
zu sozialen Fak o en bei agen, die ü die inklusi e Planung im P ojek
be ücksich ig we den können.
TDMMO - Tehe an Disas e Mi iga ion und Managemen O ganisa ion:
TDMMO is in Zusammena bei
mi de Zen al egie ung in Tehe an ü das s äd ische Risikomanagemen zus ändig. Dieses Ins i u is das
e an wo liche Zen um ü die Vo be ei ung und Du ch üh ung on Ka as ophen isikop ojek en und ha
e schiedene P ojek e mi in e na ionalen Ins i u ionen wie JICA, UNDP und de Wel bank du chge üh .
Di
ese Pa ne wi d dazu bei agen, den a sächlichen Beda in de De ini ionsphase zu e mi eln und die
e schiedenen BIS-Be eiche wäh end des gemeinsamen P ojek s zu koo dinie en.
IIEES – In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology: beinhal e die Ab eilungen
Seismology, Geo echnical Enginee ing, S uc u al Enginee ing, Risk Managemen , G adua e S udies,
In o ma ion Technology, und In e na ional Rela ions. IIEES engagie sich bei de Implemen ie ung na ional
und in e na ionale P oje
k e bei e ek i en Maßnahmen zum Schu z on Leben und Gü e n gegenübe
Na u isiken. Haup ziele on IIEES sind die Fö de ung on Fo schung, Technologien und Bildung in allen
Aspek en de Seismologie und p axis ele an e Maßnahmen um E dbeben isiken zu eduzie en sowie die
En wicklung eine Siche hei skul u im Umgang mi E dbeben,
Ve wende e Li e a u
[1] K.G.A. M, Amini Hosseini, Disas e Risk Managemen P o ile Teh an , I an, In e na ional
Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology, IIEES, Teh an, 2005.
h p://www.alnap.o g/ esou ce/7116.
[2] L.S.O.H.P. Sunde mann, Mind he isk A global anking o ci ies unde h ea om
na u al disas e s, (2013) 30. www.swiss e.com.
[3] A. Asadzadeh, T. Kö e , D. Weiss, The mul i-scale pa e ns o u ban disas e esilience:
Case s udy o Teh an Ci y, I an, 6 h In . Disas e Risk Con . 2016, Da os, Swi z. (2016).
www.g o um.o g.
[4] UNISDR, Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion 2015 - 2030, Thi d Wo ld Con .
Disas e Risk Reduc ion, Sendai, Japan, 14-18 Ma ch 2015. (2015) 1–25.
doi:A/CONF.224/CRP.1.
[5] S. Eybpoosh, A.A. Haghdoos , E. Mos a a i, A. Bah ampou , K. Azadmanesh, F. Zolala,
Examining non-s uc u al e o i ing s a us o eaching hospi als in Ke man agains
disas e s, Elec on. Physician (ISSN. 9 (2017) 4434–4439. doi:10.14661/2015.971-976.
[6] D. Welle, Ke manshah ea hquake, popula dona ions and dis us o he egime; Tou s
in he webs, (2017). h p://www.dw.com/ a-i /
ﮫﻟﺰﻟز-هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ-یﺎﮭﮑﻤﮐ-ﻣدﺮﻣﯽ-و-
یدﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﯿﺑ-ﮫﺑ-مﺎﻈﻧ-ﯽﺘﺸﮔ-رد-ﺎﮭﮭﮑﺒﺷ
/a-41428896.
[7] A. Cla k-Ginsbe g, B. Agui e, T. Bi kland, K.E. B owne, S.L. Cu e , A. Oli e , e al.,
U ban challenges and oppo uni ies o FEMA du ing he T ump adminis a ion, 2017.
h p://www.aa oncg.me/wp-con en /uploads/2017/01/U ban-challenges-and-
oppo uni ies- o -FEMA-du ing- he-T ump-adminis a ion.pd .
[8] S.L. Cu e , The landscape o disas e esilience indica o s in he USA, Na . Haza ds. 80
(2016) 741–758. doi:10.1007/s11069-015-1993-2.
[9] D. Alexande , Wha can we do abou ea hquakes ? Towa ds a sys ema ic app oach o
seismic isk mi iga ion, in: NZSEE Con ., 2012: pp. 1–16.
h p://www.nzsee.o g.nz/db/2012/Pape 001.pd .
[10] UN-Habi a , 18 – U ban In as uc u e and Basic Se ices, Including Ene gy, Habi a III
Issue Pap. 2015 (2015) 0–9. h ps://www.habi a 3.o g/ he-new-u ban-agenda/issue-
pape s.
18
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
[11] Imp o ing in as uc u e ou comes h ough be e capi al alloca ion, McKinsey Co.
(2017). h ps://www.mckinsey.com/indus ies/capi al-p ojec s-and-in as uc u e/ou -
insigh s/imp o ing-in as uc u e-ou comes- h ough-be e -capi al-alloca ion
(accessed No embe 30, 2017).
[12] UNFCCC, P og ess acke Wo k p og amme esul ing om he ele an eques s
con ained in decision 1 / CP . 21, 2016.
h p://un ccc.in / iles/pa is_ag eemen /applica ion/pd /pa_p og ess_ acke _200617.
pd .
[13] Uni ed Na ions, Sus ainabel De elopmen Goals, 2015. doi:10.1007/s13398-014-0173-
7.2.
[14] Uni ed Na ions, New U ban Agenda, 2017. h p://habi a 3.o g/wp-
con en /uploads/New-U ban-Agenda-GA-Adop ed-68 h-Plena y-N1646655-E.pd .
[15] C. Bach, S. Bouchon, A. Feke e, J. Bi kmann, E. Duchemin, B. Ba oca, Adding alue o
c i ical in as uc u e esea ch and disas e isk managemen : he esilience concep ,
Su . Pe spec . In eg . En i on. Soc. 6 (2013).
[16] G. Pesca oli, D. Alexande , C i ical in as uc u e, pana chies and he ulne abili y
pa hs o cascading disas e s, Na . Haza ds. 82 (2016) 175–192. doi:10.1007/s11069-016-
2186-3.
[17] Bi kmann, T. Welle, W. Solecki, S. Lwasa, M. Ga schagen, Boos esilience o small and
mid-sized ci ies, Na u e. 537 (2016) 605–608. h p://www.na u e.com/news/boos -
esilience-o -small-and-mid-sized-ci ies-1.20667.
[18] S.L. Cu e , L. Ba nes, M. Be y, C. Bu on, E. E ans, E. Ta e, e al., A place-based model
o unde s anding communi y esilience o na u al disas e s, Glob. En i on. Chang. 18
(2008) 598–606. doi:10.1016/j.gloen cha.2008.07.013.
[19] J. Xu, Z. Wang, F. Shen, C. Ouyang, Y. Tuc, Na u al disas e s and social con lic : A
sys ema ic li e a u e e iew, In . J. Disas e Risk Reduc . 17 (2016) 38–48.
doi:h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijd .2016.04.001.
[20] Feke e A (2011) Common C i e ia o he Assessmen o C i ical In as uc u es. In J
Disas e Risk Sci.2:15-24.
[21] Feke e, A. & Fied ich, F ank (Eds.)(2018) U ban Disas e Resilience and Secu i y.
Add essing Risks in Socie ies. The U ban Book Se ies, Sp inge . ISBN 978-3-319-68605-
9. 518 p.
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In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
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2b. Backg ound and Concep ion o INCOR P ojec - Basic
In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e
Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas
In oduc ion
Recen ea hquakes in I an (Ke manshah ea hquake in 2017, as well as he Bam ea hquake in 2003)
highligh ed once again how suscep ible many communi ies in I an a e o na u al haza ds. The expe ience
gained e ealed ha cascading ailu es o c i ical in as uc u es ( e med he e basic in as uc u es and
se ices - BIS) in bo h inhe en and adap i e capaci ies can d ama ically a ec esponse and eco e y le els
o a ec ed communi ies. Addi ionally, he e is a widesp ead pe cep ion ha social capi al and us can be
declined when he e is no equi able access o BIS o all ci izens, especially o u ban poo .
Wi h his backg ound, in e na ional academic and policy ci cles acknowledge he inc easing need o an
in eg a ed esilien -inclusi e basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) o be e disas e isk managemen and
social con lic educ ion. BIS ep esen bo h an eceden (inhe en ) and adap i e capaci ies and a e made up
o h ee majo pa s o asse s, knowledge and ins i u ions. While he an eceden condi ion o s a ic s a e o
BIS a e o en analyzed in disas e s udies, he adap i e o dynamic p ocess o BIS a e neglec ed. To ackle his
challenge, INCOR will ocus on in e ac ing BIS o ind ou he in e dependencies in hei spa iali y and
empo ali y o shi om a eac i e model o a p oac i e app oach in o de o p epa ing o u u e c ises.
Equally impo an , he Ke manshah example showed ha exis ing BIS planning and managemen sys ems
do no p o ide equi able and ai access o all ci izens.
This p ojec he e o e, will conside esilience and inclusion as he wo majo cha ac e is ics o basic
in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) in disas e isk planning and managemen . Since esilience and inclusion a e
abs ac concep s, ansla ing hem in o BIS equi es an in e disciplina y and a mul i-sec o al a i ude on
h ee le els: i s , by ocusing on concep ualizing h ee key in e linked concep s o basic in o ma ion and
se ices (BIS), esilience, and inclusion. Second, by ocusing on in e ac ing basic in as uc u es and se ices
o ind ou he spa io empo al ela ions o hem, and hi d, by socializing he concep o basic in as uc u e
and se ices as a common esea ch objec .
S a e o he a
I an si s on a majo aul line be ween he A abian and Eu asian pla es and has expe ienced a numbe o
deadlies ea hquakes in he pas . The deadlies his cen u y occu ed in 2003 when a magni ude 6.6
ea hquake s uck he ci y o Bam, killing some 30,000 people. In 2017, an ea hquake in Ke manshah ( he
wo ld’s deadlies ea hquake so a his yea ) killed a leas 600 people and inju ed a ound 10,000 people.
Mo e han 90% o coun y’s ci ies a e loca ed on ea hquake aul s including he Megaci y o Teh an wi h
a ound 13 million inhabi an s [1]. Acco ding o Swiss Re [2], Teh an is highly exposed o ea hquake and is
anked as he six h ulne able ci y o ea hquake wo ldwide wi h ega d o he size o u ban popula ion ha
could be hi by one o mo e na u al haza ds. One million people may be killed and 70% o he ci y can be
hea ily damaged i an ea hquake like Hai i shakes he ci y [3].
20
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Acco ding o Global Assessmen Repo on Disas e Risk Reduc ion (2015), I an is one o he coun ies ace a
inancing gap and would no pass a s ess es o i s iscal esilience o a 1-in-100-yea s loss, i does no ha e
he esou ces o bu e agains se e disas e losses such as ea hquakes5. Seismic scien is ha e ecen ly
wa ned he e could be a big inc ease in numbe s o de as a ing ea hquakes a ound he wo ld o 2018 and
ob iously I an is one o he po en ial candida e6. Mo e han 90% o coun y’s ci ies a e loca ed on ea hquake
aul s including he Megaci y o Teh an wi h a ound 13 million inhabi an s. Acco ding o Swiss Re (2013),
Teh an is highly exposed o ea hquake and is anked as he six h ulne able ci y o ea hquake wo ldwide
wi h ega d o he size o u ban popula ion ha could be hi by one o mo e na u al haza ds7. JICA (Japan
In e na ional Coope a ion Agency) in 2000 has de eloped ou scena ios o o al building damage and
human a ali y in Teh an and es ima ed ha in he wo s scena io, 55% o building damage and a ound
500,000 human casual ies can be happened8.
These scena ios highligh one again how suscep ible is I an in gene al, and in pa icula , Teh an o
ea hquake haza d, and consequen ly, how a e basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) c i ical o mi iga ion
and eco e y in ime o an ad e se e en . Howe e , due o complexi y o BIS, and dynamic concep o bo h
esilience and inclusion e ms, he scena ios will be expanded in ull p oposal pe iod, in close coope a ion
wi h local pa ne s who a e in ol ed in disas e isk managemen and planning.
Exis ing gaps and demand
Human communi ies need a esilien sys em in o de o p epa e o , abso b, eco e om, and mo e
success ully adap o ac ual o po en ial ad e se e en s in imely and e icien manne (UN 2015: Sendai
F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion). The sys ems ha con ibu e o esilience o a communi y a e basic
in as uc u es and se ices (e.g. mobili y, ene gy, wa e , sani a ion, building sys ems, communica ion; e c.).
The impo ance and demand o such ‘c i ical in as uc u e’ o be main ained du ing and a e disas e s is
inc easingly unde lined a in e na ional le el (EC 2008, UN 2015, SDGs). While I an is a leading na ion in some
s uc u al and non-s uc u al p epa edness (e.g. s anda d building codes, in as uc u al planning, isk
in o ma ion, e c.), ecen ea hquakes highligh ed ha exis ing sys ems a e no su icien ye o esis ,
espond and mi iga e he e ec s o shocks. A he same ime, when he bene i s o in as uc u e se ices a e
no sha ed b oadly, also disas e managemen and eco e y ac i i ies a e less sus ainable, du able, and
esilien . Fo ins ance, in as uc u al dep i a ion was a signi ican cause o a social us gap be ween
popula ion and go e nmen a e he Ke manshah ea hquake in No embe 2017. The e o e, in e up ions o
in as uc u e se ices can a enua e he abso p i e capaci y o he eco e y deg ee o communi ies, and
equally impo an , can educe social capi al o inc ease social con lic s a haza d-a ec ed communi ies.
U ban planning and disas e managemen has a long adi ion in I an and ou p ojec pa ne s in I an ha e
iden i ied a g ea demand o con inue and expand he planning p ocesses on he backd op on con inued
na u al haza d isks and inc easing popula ion concen a ions exposed o po en ial disas e s, such as he
nex “big one” ea hquake o s ike he capi al, Teh an o ano he a ea.
5 h p://www.p e en ionweb.ne /english/hyogo/ga /2015/en/ga -pd /GAR2015_EN.pd
6 h ps://www. hegua dian.com/wo ld/2017/no /18/2018-se - o-be-yea -o -big-ea hquakes
7h p://www.swiss e.com/lib a y/expe isepublica ion/Mind_ he_ isk_a_global_ anking_o _ci ies_unde _ h
ea _ om_na u al_disas e s.h ml
8 h p://open_jica epo .jica.go.jp/pd /11611753_01.pd
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In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
Agains his backd op, and o he i s ime in I an, his p ojec will ocus on basic in as uc u es and se ices
disas e esilience in sys ema ically and in eg a ed way. The o e all goal is o unde pin an inno a i e
planning sys em o in as uc u e and u ban planning o ace isks, and as such, o explo e policies o
expanding equi able access o in as uc u e se ices and making he bene i s mo e inclusi e and
sus ainable. This mee s na ional as well as in e na ional demands o c ea ing syne gies be ween sus ainable
de elopmen goals (SGDs) and Disas e Risk Reduc ion (DRR).
Despi e s uc u al building codes and land-wide adop ion o high s anda ds in oad and building
cons uc ion, I anian ci ies and se lemen s emain a isk. Especially basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS)
a e ans o ming o be pa o p oblem ins ead o being pa o he solu ion as expe ienced in ecen
Ke manshah ea hquake. On he one hand, basic in as uc u es and se ices ha e no been seen as a
ne wo k sys em in cu en planning sys em and hus, he in e dependencies and he spa ial- empo al
ela ions o hem we e no enough unde s ood. On he o he hand, he ai and equi able access o BIS was
no gua an eed o all popula ion. I is assume ha people along wi h BIS pa icipa e in di e en phases o
isk managemen including p epa edness, esponse, and adap a ion. Howe e , social and in as uc u al
inequali ies pu hese assump ions in doub and cause o b eak social us as epo ed om Ke manshah
ea hquake. Agains his backg ound and o he i s ime in I an, his p ojec will ocus on basic
in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) in sys ema ically and in eg a ed way. The o e all goal is o iden i y he
unc ions and ailu es o BIS in hei spa io empo al con ex s and ela ions in o de o unde pin an inno a i e
planning sys em o ace upcoming isks, and as such, o explo e policies o expanding equi able access o
BIS and making he bene i s mo e inclusi e and sus ainable.
Resilience and inclusi e hinking and link o basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS): The Benjamin
F anklin axiom ha “an ounce o p e en ion is wo h a pound o cu e” is as ue oday as when F anklin
ad ised Philadelphia's i e- igh e s in 1736 [7]. A se ies o p ominen na u al and echnical disas e s sugges
ha he e is a i al need o shi ou ocus om a eac i e esponse o a p oac i e mi iga ion [8,9]. Such shi
p edisposes us o de elop ou unde s anding o wha , when, and whe e basic in as uc u es and se ices
(BIS), as backbone o communi ies, need o be pu in place and how hey can be add essed o p e en and
mi iga e he e ec s o na u al haza ds [10]. A he same ime, basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) a e
challenged by inc eased complexi y and apid changes in wo ld dynamics (e.g. apid u baniza ion along wi h
g owing u ban in o mali y, g owing gap be ween demand and supply, social con lic , e c.). Such challenges
highligh he need o op imizing capi al alloca ion and p o iding equi able access o esou ces o all
ci izens, especially he poo [10,11]. Wi h his backg ound, in e na ional academic and policy ci cles ha e
acknowledged he need o c ea e esilience and inclusi e communi ies [4,12–14]. While he e m esilience
has ecei ed a en ion om haza d schola s, inclusion has only ecen ly become a popula aspi a ional e m
in de elopmen discou se. The e o e, an in eg a ed esilience-inclusi e BIS is ye o be de eloped o disas e
isk planning and managemen .
In eg a ed esilience and inclusi e basic in as uc u e and se ices (BIS): Despi e he inc easing
in e na ional awa eness o he link be ween in e dependencies o BIS and disas e esilience, mos o
esea ch ini ia i es con inue o ocus on indi idual sys ems o he echnical in e ela ions (s a ic esul s) o
BIS [15]. Ra he , BIS a e complex ne wo ked sys ems ha mani es a ious spa ial- empo al ela ions
22
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
(dynamic p ocesses) in communi ies [16]. Emb acing BIS as a complex and dynamic concep helps o be e
unde s anding o how he inhe en and adap i e esilience (e.g. obus ness, edundancy, lexibili y, e c.) o
hem can a enua e he impac s o a haza d and p o ide apid esponse and eco e y [17,18]. Equally
impo an , he inc easing gap be ween demand and supply o BIS, as well as he inaccessibili y, and
una o dabili y o hem a enua e no only he esilience deg ee o socie ies bu also leads o social con lic
[19]. In eg a ed esilien -inclusi e BIS can he e o e be a comp ehensi e app oach o ealiza ion o human
secu i y and igh s in he con ex o na u al and echnical haza ds (see Figu e 2, nex page). To pe o m his
ask, INCOR will in eg a e inno a ions s emming om esilience concep s cu en ly bu geoning in he ield o
disas e isk managemen wi h he ield o in as uc u e, which combines bo h pa amoun disas e - ela ed
eco e y capabili ies as well as e e yday li ing condi ions o mode n ci ilisa ions. Communi y esilience
hen inally adds also he pe spec i es o he people, hei condi ions and pe cep ions o na u al haza d isks
and hei dependence on basic in as uc u e. In o de o enable such concep ual in eg a ion, i is co-
designed and ca ied ou in close collabo a ion wi h all pa ne s especially, hose ha a e in ol ing in
disas e isk managemen in I an.
Goals
De eloping in eg a ed esilien & inclusi e basic in as uc u es and se ices: INCOR a gues ha basic
in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) need a mul i-sec o al app oach and an in e disciplina y collabo a ion, and
he e o e, will help o build and boos exis ing collabo a ion be ween Ge man and I an h ough join
ansdisciplina y esea ch, in eg a ing academic, adminis a i e and p i a e sec o . P ac ically, u ban
planne s and decision make s om I an will be linked o echnological key solu ions (e.g. semina s,
wo kshops, e c.) de eloped by Ge man en e p ises ha allow he co-design o esilien -inclusi e basic
in as uc u es and se ices. Concep ually, INCOR aims a cen ing on h ee key in e linked concep s o basic
in as uc u es and se ices (BIS), esilience, and inclusion o unde s and how hei in eg a ion can be
add essed o mee bo h disas e isk managemen and social con lic educ ion.
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Fig. 1: C ea ion and implemen a ion o he inclusi e- esilien BIS: syne gies be ween basic
in as uc u e, esilience and inclusi e app oaches
BIS, as he backbone o u ban communi ies, p o ide no only unc ions well du ing non-c isis pe iods, bu
also p epa e lexibili y in esponse du ing, and adap abili y a e disas e s. They a e highly con ex -
dependen ( empo al and spa ial) cha ac e is ics in communi ies and e lec mul iple spa ial- empo al
in e ac ions. Fu he mo e, hey a e complex sys ems and made up no only physical o asse s, bu also
consis o h ee majo pa s o asse s, knowledge, and ins i u ions. The e o e, in eg a ing BIS wi h esilience
and inclusi e hinking can be add essed o shi om a eac i e ac ion o a p oac i e app oach (an icipa e
and cope wi h u u e shocks), and o a enua e he social gaps induced by inequi able access o BIS. The goal
is o con ibu e o he Sendai P ocess in DRR (Sendai Ta ge s A1-D1, and G1) as well as o he SDGs (especially
Goals 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, and 16), wi h also being acco dance wi h he New U ban Agenda (Habi a III) ha
emphasises on equi able access o BIS, especially o he poo . A holis ic app oach owa d inclusi e- esilien
BIS also necessi a es he ocus on in e dependencies be ween sec o s and he eby gene a e dialogue
be ween local and in e na ional ac o s. The ob ained esul s a e concep ual and p ac ical solu ions ha a e
need-based and mi iga ion-cen e ed and encompass long- e m a i ude, and inclusi e p ocess o BIS
planning in he con ex o na u al haza ds.
24
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Fig. 2: Analy ical de elopmen p ocess o INCOR
The ollowing igu e shows he me hodology o esilien -inclusi e BIS: F om concep ualizing o
ope a ionalizing he concep and iden i ying ho spo s (de ici s, issues, and p oblems).
Fig. 3: Ca ego ies and concep ual componen s
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In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
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Speci ically, INCOR in ends o add ess he main goal o he Sendai F amewo k (disas e p e en ion and
educ ion h ough inclusi e inhe en and adap i e capaci ies o inc ease p epa edness, eco e y, and hus
s eng hen communi y esilience). I also ouches he six ou o 17 a ge s o he 2030 Agenda o SDGs
(c ea ing inclusi e, sa e, esilien , and sus ainable communi ies), as well as he one o he mos impo an
a ge s o Habi a III (equi able and ai access o BIS o all). Concep ually, INCOR iews esilience and
inclusion as wo majo cha ac e is ics o basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) in isk planning and
managemen and will help o de elop an in eg a ed esilien -inclusi e BIS amewo k, and as such, an
inno a i e s a egy and planning p ac ice o u he planning and de elopmen o BIS. Me hodologically,
INCOR will apply a hyb id (quali a i e and quan i a i e) app oach o ope a ionalizing he in eg a ed concep
o esilien -inclusi e BIS. I will ocus on in e ac ing basic in as uc u es and se ices o ind ou he
in e dependencies (spa ial- empo al) o hem h ough loca ion-based o geospa ial in o ma ion sys ems
(GIS) and spa ial da a in as uc u e (SDI). Then, he ocus will be placed on unde s anding he linkage
be ween equi abili y, a o dabili y, and accessibili y o BIS (using in-dep h in e iews wi h planne s,
s akeholde s, e c.) o he ealiza ion o inclusi e ac o s o BIS.
Expec ed ou comes will be a holis ic heo e ical amewo k as p oxies o esilien -inclusi e BIS sys ems, a
composi e measu e (indices) o unde s and an empi ical e idence o wha inc eases o inhibi s communi y
esilience, and inno a i e planning p ac ices o bo h u ban and egional planning.
Fig. 4: Objec i es and inno a ions o he p ojec
32
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
1 Wo kshops O e iew
The gene al layou and ambi ion o he wo kshops se ies we e o conduc a co-design app oach, whe e
Ge man and I anian pa ne s om he ele an ins i u ions could co-c ea e he p ojec . This in e na ionally
accep ed app oach and i s o e all design a e desc ibed in he ollowing sec ions.
1.1 Backg ound and Objec i es
The Ge man and I anian expe s and s akeholde s ga he ed in he second INCOR wo kshops o discuss he
co e ideas and unde lying assump ions o he p ojec , as well as comple e he sha ed indings o he i s
wo kshops (6-7 h Sep . 2018) in Cologne. The o e a ching opic o hese wo kshops was o ind ou how basic
in as uc u es and se ices (BIS), as he backbone o u ban communi ies, can con ibu e o inc ease he
disas e esilience le el o he ci ies o na u al haza ds.
Acco ding o UNISDR (2017) esilience has been de ined as “The abili y o a sys em, communi y o socie y
exposed o haza ds o esis , abso b, accommoda e, adap o, ans o m and eco e om he e ec s o a
haza d in a imely and e icien manne , including h ough he p ese a ion and es o a ion o i s essen ial
basic s uc u es and unc ions h ough isk managemen ”. Likewise, c i ical in as uc u e e e s o “The
physical s uc u es, acili ies, ne wo ks and o he asse s which p o ide se ices ha a e essen ial o he social
and economic unc ioning o a communi y o socie y. In addi ion, UN Habi a III highligh ed ha
“in as uc u e has e ol ed o a mo e inc easingly sys em based unde s anding which consis s o ne wo ks o
asse s, knowledge and ins i u ions“.
A key conside a ion in add essing he challenges associa ed wi h na u al haza ds in I an is how ci ies cope
wi h and shi om sho - e m eme gency esponse o a long- e m adap a ion and ans o ma ion. Thus, he
ques ion o whe he esilience hinking can engage mul iple s akeholde s and c ea e a common g ound o
ac ion s ill needs o be in es iga ed. INCOR p ojec a gues ha in eg a ing basic in as uc u es and se ices
(BIS) planning wi h disas e and isk managemen , as well as u ban planning and de elopmen can play a
c i ical ole in shaping ci ies acing unexpec ed shocks. The in eg a ed o m o planning needs o ocus on
p oac i e and u u e-o ien ed solu ions and c ea es common g ound o ac ion and implemen a ion.
In addi ion, e icien disas e isk managemen is he unc ion o wo king ac oss a ious le els and us -
based pa ne ship be ween s akeholde s and decision-make s. The e o e, he e is a i al need o os e
in e na ional dialogue and coope a ion. In his ega d, due o he di e ences and simila i ies be ween
Ge many and I an in he expe ience, haza d con ex and planning sys em o disas e isk educ ion (DRR),
Resea ch and de elopmen (R & D) coope a ion leads o lea ning om and wi h each o he ha will esul in
join ly de elop and implemen solu ions o disas e p e en ion, managemen and eco e y.
Wi h he in en ion o con ibu ion o he Sendai F amewo k, he SDGs and he Habi a III he ou come o his
wo kshops and he i s one in Cologne is he ull p ojec p oposal. The P oposal has been d a ed based on
he local needs and beyond he cu en s a e o he science and implemen ed p ojec s in I an by p oposing a
common g ound amewo k and om planning o ac ion. The gene al goal is o con ibu e o he Sendai
F amewo k he SDGs Habi a III. The objec i es o he wo kshops included:
• Iden i ica ion o coope a ion pa ne s and collabo a ion se up
• Discussing and consolida ing he local needs and oppo uni ies o DRR in o de o de elop egion-
speci ic and conc e e R & D solu ions o he key challenges in I an
• Iden i ying and discussing he nex s eps abou he speci ic wo k o each pa ne in 3-yea p ojec
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1.2 Wo kshops Ma e ials
Se e al documen s we e de eloped o conduc he wo kshops.
• Wo kshops Agendas: The wo kshops agendas a e included in Appendix A.
• Pa icipan Lis s: The lis o all wo kshops pa icipan s a e included in Appendix B.
• Wo kshops P esen a ions and Handou s: The wo kshops p esen a ions and handou s p o ided
in o ma ion on IKARIM unding p og am by BMBF, INCOR con en (be o e and a e he wo kshops)
and he pa icipan s’ expe ise and hei po en ial con ibu ion o INCOR. The p esen a ions and
handou s used in he wo kshops a e sen o all pa icipan s.
1.3 INCOR: Unde lying Assump ion
To ame he discussions, wo kshops pa icipan s we e p esen ed wi h in o ma ion on INCOR in gene al and
BIS in pa icula . Then he componen o he esilience amewo k was p esen ed based on he ou comes o
Cologne wo kshops.
• INCOR: C ea ion and implemen a ion o inclusi e- esilien BIS. Why esilience and why inclusi e
planning?
• BIS: BIS consis o “deli e y o sa e wa e , sani a ion, was e managemen , social wel a e, anspo
and communica ion acili ies, ene gy, heal h and eme gency se ices, schools, public sa e y, and he
managemen o open spaces” (Habi a II).
• The ou come o Cologne wo kshops:
o Mul i haza d app oach: ea hquake, looding, landslide and haza dous acili ies
o Scena ios: wo s case and low dis up i e e en as well as cascading e ec s
o The analysis componen s wi h ega d o hei dependencies on in as uc u e:
Ci y le el: (eme gency managemen ins i u ions, u ban planning ins i u ions and
in as uc u e ope a o s);
Buildings/si es le el ( i e depa men s, eme gency ope a ion cen e s, schools,
hospi als, public buildings, e acua ion a eas and open spaces;
People ( esiden ial, mobile commu e s, e c.)
o Resilience model: based on he imp o emen o exis ing de ini ions and disas e isk s udies
based on a pa icipa o y app oach
o Case s udies: Teh an (D1, D10 o D22) and Ka aj ci y as well as he daily lux o commu e s
be ween he wo ci ies
o Added alue: In o ma ion dissemina ion and pa icipa ion: modeling, oolbox o
applica ion o iden i ied end use s (decision make s o people)
o Moni o ing: A mechanism sys em o wha o do, how and by whom (demons a ions o
ea ly success)
34
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Figu e 1: G oup pho o o he i s wo kshops se ies in Cologne; pho o c edi : Ms. Zoh eh
Mousa ian
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In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
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2 Wo kshops Discussions
This sec ion summa izes he discussions o he i e-day wo kshops wi h he i e I anian pa ne s. The
ollowing sec ions we e de eloped using pa icipan inpu s, discussions and eco ded no es. By design,
se e al wo kshops a di e en ins i u ions we e held, in o de o enable he inclusion o as many expe s as
possible, and in o de o ga he di e en ins i u ional pe spec i es, exis ing capabili ies and needs.
2.1 In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES)
A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by IIEES expe s abou hei wo ks and p ojec s con ibu ing
o DRR, i s , a model was p oposed: “Basic elemen s and algo i hms o esilience modeling o de elop a
decision suppo ool in INCOR”. The p oposed model includes ype o haza ds, esilience ac o s, es ima ion
o esilience, imp o emen measu es, and elemen s unde analysis (physical, social, economic, o ganiza ional
and capaci y). Fo de ailed con en , please e e o he speci ic p esen a ion.
Figu e 2: The p oposed esilience model by IIEES
36
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Nex , pa icipan s in ol ed in de eloping and designing o a p ima y model o a esilience oolbox as he
ou come o he INCOR p ojec . The de elopmen o model as well as he oolbox has been based on he
combina ion o exci ing knowledge on isk assessmen in I an. The added- alue o esilience assessmen in
INCOR will be co-designed and assessed by pa icipa ion o all s akeholde s and expe s. Fo de ailed
con en , please e e o he gi en handou and he speci ic p esen a ion.
Then, all pa icipan s discussed abou he oles and esponsibili ies in INCOR based on IIEES idea as ollows:
• P ojec co e membe s
o Planning
o Coo dina ion and supe ision o he p og ess
o In eg a ion o he esul s
o Sha ing in o ma ion and esul s o all pa ne s
• Academic ins i u ions
o Assessmen he con ibu ion o di e en elemen s
o De eloping models (di e en componen s by di e en ins i u ion)
o P epa ing necessa y algo i hms
• Local au ho i ies
o P o iding in o ma ion abou hei equi emen s
o Implemen a ion he model
o Applying he esul s and p o iding eedbacks
• Assis ing Companies
o De eloping so wa e
o P o iding app op ia e echnologies
o Da a ga he ing and p ocess
Figu e 3: A chi ec u e o he esilience oolbox
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2.2 School o U ban Planning, College o Fine A s, Uni e si y o Teh an (CoFA)
A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by CoFAs’ p o esso s abou di e en ype o plans a di e en
le el o de elopmen , u ban planning sys em in di e en scales, and land policies in I an he gaps and he
needs o disas e esilience hinking in o planning we e discussed. In eg a ing o esilien -inclusi e hinking
in o u ban planning can play a c i ical ole in shaping ci ies acing unexpec ed shocks and con lic s induced
by na u al disas e s, and o ming a new planning sys em ha is mi iga ion-cen e ed and u u e-o ien ed
( esilien ), and g ounded in he alues (inclusi e). The summa y o he discussion is as below:
• Need o ans o ma ion: Al hough seismic haza d mic o zoning map o I an has been de eloped
o no only he p o inces bu also some me opoli an a eas and ci ies such as Teh an and Tab iz,
exis ing planning sys em in di e en le els (spa ial plan, mas e plan, de ailed plan, ac ion plan and
e i aliza ion plan) a e no haza d based, u u e o ien ed and designed based on p e en ion
s a egies.
• Need o an in eg a ed app oach: The lack o coope a ion and in eg a ion be ween he
esponsible o ganiza ions o o mula ion o planning s a egies and policy making in he ield o
DRR, u ban planning and en i onmen al s udies leads o o mula ion o planning s a egies and
policy making in he con ex o u ban and en i onmen al s udies, cause con lic , duplica ion o
inac i i y among s akeholde s and exis ing plans.
• Need o pa icipa o y app oach: Public pa icipa ion and communi y-based app oach should
ake in o conside a ion o gua an ee a success ul implemen a ion phase. This can be done by
in es iga ion o he possible incen i es (pull and push ac o s) and p ope way o communica ions
( alue o los ) o engage people om he beginning.
• Need o conc e e de ini ions: The e is no uni ied concep ual discou se o de ini ion on disas e
esilience and inclusi e ci y in I an. Mo eo e , he e is no na ional de ini ion o speci ic elemen s o
C i ical In as uc u es and Se ices. In his ega d, he e a e jus some in o ma ion abou CIs in he
Passi e De ensi e (Pada and ghey eh amel) s a egies, which is no pa icula and clea . The e o e,
CIs de ini ion should be cla i y based on in e na ional de ini ions and in he con ex o he p ojec .
Figu e 4: G oup pho o a he IIEES in Teh an; pho o c edi : Ul Sie ke
38
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
2.3 Teh an Disas e Mi iga ion and Managemen O ganiza ion (TDMMO)
A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by TDMMO expe s abou hei p ojec s and ac i i ies on
iden i ying Teh an expec ed na u al haza ds, ulne abili y assessmen s, enhancing u ban esilience, ac i i ies
o isk assessmen and de elopmen o mi iga ion plan, gaps and expec a ions we e discussed. The
ollowing gene al ecommenda ions we e made by TDMMO on how o e ec i ely de elop he p ojec
p oposal:
• Mul i-Haza d app oach
• Haza d zona ion
• Imp o ing exposu es iden i ica ion and modeling
• P ecision and upda ing o ulne abili y assessmen s
• Capaci y assessmen
• P omo ing exis ing and ongoing isk modeling
• Measu ing Teh an esiliency
• Benchma king and e alua ion he e ec s o DRR measu es
Figu e 5: Pho os a he CoFA in Teh an; pho o c edi : Ul Sie ke
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In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
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The de ails o he discussion as well as he gaps and needs a e highligh ed in igu e 6.
Mo eo e , he necessi y o de eloping a lood isk map o Teh an was highligh ed, in which he lash lood
expe ience in Ge many, models and me hods can be compa ed wi h I anian ones as well as he needed cos s
and esou ces.
Figu e 6: The gaps and expec a ions de ined by TDMMO
Figu e 7: Pho os a he TDMMO in Teh an; pho o c edi : TDMMO
40
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
2.4 Ka aj Municipali y and Teh an Resea ch and Planning Cen e (TRPC)
2.4.1 Ka aj Municipali y
A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by expe s a he Ka aj municipali y abou hei p ojec s and
ac i i ies, main conce ns and gaps we e discussed as ollows:
• Ka aj has he highes u ban g ow h a e du ing he ecen decades esul ing in high p essu e on CIs.
The ci y is p one o ea hquake, looding, dus s o ms, landslide and land subsidence. The
municipali y wan s o in eg a e DRM maps in o u ban planning.
• Since he e a e many immig an s in he ci y, he cul u al and economic di e ences need o be
conside ed in DRM and u u e egional s a egies.
• Imbalanced g ow h and expansion o u ban a eas in he ci y as well as ma ginal se lemen s close o
he ci y inc eased gap be ween cu en and expec ed le el o basic se ices and in as uc u es.
• The in e dependency o wa e sys ems, anspo a ion ne wo ks and he lux o commu e s (day and
nigh ime) be ween Teh an and Ka aj a e po en ial sou ces o p oblems and solu ions and is i al o
conside ha in he u u e plans o ha e unc ional ci ies, pa icula ly a he ime o any des uc i e
e en in each ci y.
• The in o ma ion on buil en i onmen as well as po en ial haza ds and isk in Ka aj has been
upda ed ecen ly and will be a ailable o he p ojec . Addi ionally, he esul s o he p ojec can be
implemen ed and e i ied in he ci y a di e en scale, due o commi men o he all depu ies o he
Ka aj municipali y in he p ojec .
Figu e 8: G oup pho o a he Ka aj Municipali y in Ka aj; pho o c edi : Ul Sie ke
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In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
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2.4.1 TRPC
A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by TPRC expe s abou he exis ing and unde de elopmen
plans, he discussion conduc ed as ollows:
Q: Resilience is a new e m in u ban planning which con ex ualizing and i ing ha in planning can a ise
con lic s. Why esilience and no sus ainable de elopmen ? Wha a e hei di e ences?
A: Ci ies a e acing he inc easing numbe o haza ds and disas e . These wo concep s a e no con adic o y
in u ban de elopmen p ocess bu esilience is u u e o ien ed based on isk analysis, lessons lea ned and
expe ience. Inclusi eness is also ocuses on pa icipa o y planning.
Q: Wha a e he p oblems in de eloping coun ies o conduc ing such p ojec s?
A: Fo ins ance in Jaka a, Indonesia, we had a p ojec on lood ulne abili y assessmen . The a ge g oup
was ishe men and low income class. The go e nmen wan ed o ha e a s a egy o eloca ing hose people
om he lood p one zones o he buil communi y housing ou o he lood zone, which can p o ide hem
be e quali y o li e. Since his s a egy was no o mula ed wi h he pa icipa ion o ha communi y, a e a
while hey wen back o hei o me ype o housing nex o he coas . Ano he example in Indonesia, is " he
las mile p oblem" which is a e m used o how o in o m people and ins i u ions o escue and elie .
The e o e, based on hese wo expe iences we need o o ganize wo kshops o public pa icipa ion and
di e en canoniza ions om he beginning.
Q: We ha e lea ned ha he e a e many high quali y s udies on DRR in Teh an. How we can use hem in
mas e plan? Wha a e he limi a ions and p oblems? How we can con ibu e?
A: The e a e di e en plans, bu he p oblem is he en o cemen o implemen a ion. The agmen a ion in
decision-making p ocess as well as exis ing co up ion and lobby-ism in skipping he egula ions make hose
plans unsuccess ul.
Q: In implemen a ion phase, land policies and enu e a e impo an o de eloping CIs. A e hese policies
clea ?
A: since land policies a e undamen al, he Minis y o Road and U ban De elopmen is e ising hem o wo
di e en ype o ci ies (new owns and ci ies unde de elopmen ) based on c isis managemen and an
in eg a ed app oach.
Figu e 9: Pho os a he TRPC in Teh an; pho o c edi : TRPC
48
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Appendix B.1: Pa icipan Lis in Teh an (Main)
Su name, Name Email A ilia ion
Amini Hosseini, Kambod [email protected]
In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake
Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES)
Asadzadeh, Asad asad.asadzadeh@ h-
koeln.de
Uni e si y o Bonn
Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo-in o ma ion
(IGG)
Ash iany, Mohsen
mohsen.ash [email protected]
om
In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake
Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES)
Basi a , Maysam mbasi a @u .ac.i
TRPC
Teh an Resea ch Planning Cen e
Bege ow, Jacqueline jacqueline.bege ow@giz.
de
GIZ
Global Ini ia i e Disas e Risk Managemen
(GIKRM)
Büdel, Ch is ian
ch is ian.buedel@uni-
wue zbu g.de
Uni e si y o Wü zbu g
Ins i u e o Geog aphy and Geology (UW)
Feke e, Alex alexande . eke e@ h-
koeln.de
TH Köln -Uni e si y o Applied Sciences,
Ins i u e o Rescue Enginee ing and Ci il
P o ec ion
Heyn, Timo
heyn@empi ica-
ins i u .de
Empi ica AG
Resea ch and Consul ing
Hosseinioon,Solmaz
solmaz.hosseinioon@gma
il.com F eelance , Consul an
Khazai, Bijan [email protected]
Geophysical Ins i u e (GPI)
Ka ls uhe Ins i u e o Technology
Kö e , Theodo koe e @uni-bonn.de
Uni e si y o Bonn
Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo-in o ma ion
(IGG)
Mohseni, Adel [email protected]
IGMC
I an G id Managemen Co.
Moghadas, Mahsa [email protected]
bonn.de
Uni e si y o Bonn
Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo-in o ma ion
(IGG)
Noo y, Ali eza Ali eza.noo y@au .ac.i
TRPC
Teh an Resea ch Planning Cen e
Os ad Taghizadeh, Abbas
os ad [email protected]
om
Teh an Uni e si y o Medical Sciences
(TUMS)
Sadeghi, Ahmad [email protected]
Teh an Disas e Mi iga ion and Managemen
O ganiza ion (TDMMO)
Sie ke , Ul sie ke @geopho odigi al. GeoPho o Digi al
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de
Voss, Ma in ma in. oss@ u-be lin.de
FU Be lin
Disas e Resea ch Uni (DRU)
Wilde, Ma ina
ma ina.wilde@uni-
wue zbu g.de
Uni e si y o Wü zbu g
Ins i u e o Geog aphy and Geology (UW)
Zeba das , Es andia zeba ds @u .ac.i
Uni e si y o Teh an
College o Fine A s (CoFA)
50
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Appendix B.2: I anian Pa icipan s in Teh an Wo kshops (Daily)
1s day a he IIEES
P o Mohsen Ash inay, Ad iso , Ea hquake Eng. Resea ch Cen e , IIEES
D Kambod Amini Hosseini, Risk Managemen Resea ch Cen e , RMRC, IIEES
M Ali Bakh ia i: Na ional Disas e Managemen O ganiza ion, NDMO
D Na ab Me ikhi: UN HABITAT
D Laya Abbasi: UN HABITAT
D Yasamin Izadkhah: RMRC, IIEES
D Babak mansou i: Eme gency Managemen Dep ., RMRC, IIEES
D Hooman Mo amed: RMRC, IIEES
P o Mohammad Reza Ghayamghamian, RMRC, IIEES
D Mo eza Bas ami: Ea hquake Eng. Resea ch Cen e , IIEES
D Anooshi an Ansa i: Seismology Resea ch Cen e , IIEES
D Eb ahim Haghshenas: Vice p esiden , IIEES
D Mahmoud Hosseini: Ea hquake Eng. Resea ch Cen e , IIEES
M Fa okh Pa sizadeh: RMRC, IIEES
D Solmaz Hosseinioon: Resilience Expe
M s Naimeh Go ahi: IIEES
M Ami Cha oshy: Ph.D. candida e, IIEES
D Mohammad Sasani: Ka aj Municipali y
D Vahid Bahado an: Ka aj Municipali y
D Mohsen Mojezi: TDMMO
M Hesam Shamshi i: TDMMO
Ms Sa a Keshani: TDMMO
D . Ali eza Noo i: TPRC
D . Maysam Basi a : TPRC
D . Mana ee: TPRC
2nd day a he CoFA
P o Ahmadi: U ban design
P o Ke manshahi: T anspo a ion
P o Aminzadeh: U ban design
P o Pa si: Social s udies and u ban geog aphy
P o Noo ain: GIS
P o Azizi: Land policy and managemen , housing and in as uc u e
D A e i: Enginee ing acul y, RS
Sa a Keshani: TDMMO
Vahid Bahado an: Ka aj Municipali y
51
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
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3 d day a he TDMMO
P o . Khankeh: Minis y o Heal h and Medical Educa ion
Hesam Shamshi i: Haza d and c isis manage , TDMMO
Fa emeh Saleh: Head o disas e mi iga ion and isk educ ion depu y, TDMMO
Sa ah Keshni: Disas e isk educ ion, TDMMO
Rahim No ouzi: Ea ly wa ning sys em, geologis , geophysicis , TDMMO
Nima Na adegan: Ci il enginee , s uc u al enginee ing, TDMMO
Mohsen Mojezi: Ci il enginee ing, EQ, TDMMO
Guda z Gooda znia: Head o ICT, TDMMO
Sakineh Mohammadi: In o ma ion manage , TDMMO
Ms Sadeghi: GIS, TDMMO
Shaboo Vazi pou : Head o p epa edness managemen , TDMMO
Azizilah Salimi a i: Spa ial disas e managemen , TDMMO
4 h day a he Ka aj Municipali y
M Ahmadi Pa goo: Depu y o U ban Planning, Ka aj Municipali y
M Khodabandehloo: U ban Planning Dep ., Ka aj Municipali y
M Ja ahe i: Technical O ice, U ban Planning Dep .
M Baya : U ban Regula ion and Codes Dep ., Ka aj Municipali y
M Bahado an: Head o Risk Managemen P ojec , Ka aj Municipali y
D . Sasani: U ban Planning Dep ., Ka aj Municipali y
D . A ash Malekian, Uni e si y o Teh an
D Amini Hosseini: IIEES
P o Ghayamgahmian: IIEES
D Haghshenas: IIEES
Ms Rakhshandeh: IIEES
4 h day a he TRPC
Amin Sha iei: Social s udies
Hashem A am: Social and cul u al planning
Mahmoud Abyaneh: Public policy, CIs, mas e plan
Noosha Dabi i Meh : Media, social s udies
Mahdieh Omidi: U ban planne
Bijan Ab ishami: ICT manage
A ieh Talebi: Technical consul an o ci il p o ec ion
Abdol eza Ka basi: En i onmen al s udies
Ami Reza Ra iei: U ban design and planning
Fe esh e Sheibani: In as uc u e managemen and u ban de elopmen
52
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Appendix B.3: Pa icipan Lis in Cologne
Su name, Name Email A ilia ion
Amini Hosseini, Kambod [email protected]
In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake
Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES)
Asadzadeh, Asad asad.asadzadeh@ h-koeln.de
Uni e si y o Bonn
Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo-
in o ma ion (IGG)
Ash iany, Mohsen mohsen.ash [email protected]
In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake
Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES)
Die enbach, Vic o ic o .die enbach@smail. h-
koeln.de
TH Köln - Uni e si y o Applied
Sciences, Ins i u e o Rescue
Enginee ing and Ci il P o ec ion
Feke e, Alex alexande . eke e@ h-koeln.de
TH Köln -Uni e si y o Applied
Sciences, Ins i u e o Rescue
Enginee ing and Ci il P o ec ion
Gus , Johnnes johannes.gus @p ee en .de
PREEVENT
Plan and Ope a ional Sa e y
He zog, Ch is ophe
ch is ophe .he zog.hh@gmail.
com Hambu g Wasse Company
Heyn, Timo heyn@empi ica-ins i u .de
Empi ica AG
Resea ch and Consul ing
Hosseinioon,Solmaz
[email protected]
m F eelance , Consul an
Kö e , Theo koe e @uni-bonn.de
Uni e si y o Bonn
Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo-
in o ma ion (IGG)
Moghadas, Mahsa [email protected]
bonn.de
Uni e si y o Bonn
Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo-
in o ma ion (IGG)
Mousa iun, Zoh eh
zoh eh.mousa [email protected]
m Independen Consul an
Müggenbu g, E a
e a.mueggenbu g@s eb-
koeln.de
Ci y D ainage Ope a ions Cologne
GmbH
Sandholz, Simone [email protected]
Uni ed Na ions Uni e si y Bonn
Ins i u e o En i onmen and Human
Secu i y (UNU-EHS)
Wannewi z, Mia wannewi [email protected]
Uni ed Na ions Uni e si y Bonn
Ins i u e o En i onmen and Human
Secu i y (UNU-EHS)
53
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
Wilde, Ma ina ma ina.wilde@uni-
wue zbu g.de
Uni e si y o Wü zbu g
Ins i u e o Geog aphy and Geology
(UW)
Zeba das , Es andia zeba ds @u .ac.i
Uni e si y o Teh an
College o Fine A s (COFA)
54
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
5. Oppo uni ies o S eng hening he Ge man
Con ibu ions o he Sendai F amewo k, he SDGs, and he
New U ban Agenda. Repo om he Ge man-I anian
Pa ne ship – P ojec INCOR
Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh
In oduc ion
In an e a ha he isks and ulne abili ies induced by na u al haza ds a e globally ising and human
communi ies a e expe iencing a mul i ude o high impac disas e s, he e is a g ea e need han e e be o e
o esilience o ensu e ha ou communi ies a e able o an icipa e, abso b, eco e , and lea n quickly om
ad e se e en s. Resilience is all abou dealing wi h change, adap ing and ans o ming in esponse o
change, and has been he cen al ocus o in e na ional policy discou ses on disas e isk educ ion and
managemen o e he pas decade (Simonsen e al. 2014; Cu e 2016). Whe he i is he Sendai F amewo k
o Disas e Risk Reduc ion (UNISDR 2015), he Sus ainable De elopmen Goals (UNSDG 2015), he Addis
Ababa Ac ion Agenda (Uni ed Na ions 2015), he Pa is Ag eemen (UNFCCC 2015) o he New U ban Agenda
(UN-Habi a III 2016), esilience is a common cons uc in all amewo ks. This con e gence p esen s
unp eceden ed oppo uni ies owa d ackling he ongoing o eme ging challenges in all coun ies and
emphasizes he impo ance o esilience hinking and shi ing away om managing c ises o p oac i ely
educing isks (IRDR 2017; Uni ed Na ions 2017). Fu he mo e, esilience hinking has he unp eceden ed
capaci y o a ac a wide a ie y o global, egional and local s akeholde s o engage in disas e isk
educ ion and managemen (Rocke elle Founda ion 2018; ICLEI 2018; Resileince Alliance 2018). While
discou ses and discussions on esilience a e ongoing and e ol ing, hese global esilience ac o s highligh
and call o he in eg a ed, mul i-le el, mul i-s akeholde , dynamic, and adap i e app oach o esilience a
he global, na ional, and local le els (UN Habi a 2017).
Fo ins ance, he IKARIM - In e na ional Disas e and Risk Managemen – call, announced by he Ge man
Fede al Minis y o Educa ion and Resea ch (BMBF), aims a co-de eloping and implemen a ion o inno a i e
and ac ion-o ien ed solu ions in he ields o disas e p e en ion, disas e managemen and es o a ion in
o de o s eng hen he esilience wi hin selec ed A ican and Asian coun ies (BMBF 2017). While one goal is
o s eng hen Ge many´s con ibu ion o achie e he Sendai goals in DRR, i also in ends o b idge he gap
be ween ci il secu i y p og am solu ions and in e na ional insigh s on disas e isk educ ion and
managemen .
Wi hin he IKARIM call, INCOR – Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y
Disas e Resilience – p ojec ocuses on he ole o basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) in ad ancing and
suppo ing communi y disas e esilience in I an. The impo ance o basic in as uc u es and se ices o
disas e isk educ ion and esilience has been acknowledged in he Sendai F amewo k, SDGs, and he New
U ban Agenda (Bha ia 2017). The e o e, he o e all goal o INCOR is o con ibu e o he pos – 2015
de elopmen amewo ks, especially o he Sendai F amewo k. This epo will indica e how INCOR can
con ibu e o he Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion and o he global esilience amewo ks. The
i s sec ion de ails he con ibu ion o INCOR’S idea o implemen ing he Sendai F amewo k.
55
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
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The second sec ion examines how INCOR can con ibu e o implemen ing o he esilience amewo ks,
namely he Sus ainable De elopmen Goals and he New U ban Agenda, and he hi d sec ion concludes.
Sec ion 1: INCOR’s Con ibu ion o he Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk educ ion (SFDRR)
The Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion (2015-2030) is he i s global policy amewo k o he
Uni ed Na ions’ pos – 2015 agenda and he mos ele an in e na ional commi men owa d DRR (Ai si-
Selmi e al. 2015). I is he main guiding amewo k o acili a ing in e na ional s a egies o disas e isk
educ ion and esilience, as well as linking success ul na ional s a egies on disas e and isk educ ion o
in e na ional challenges and oppo uni ies o DRR (Jo ano ić e al. 2016). The amewo k builds on i s
p ocesso , he Hyogo F amewo k o Ac ion (2005-2015), and includes a s ong emphasis on disas e isk
managemen (DRM), as opposed o disas e managemen (Hens a & This le hwai e 2017). In he educ ion
o disas e isk as an expec ed ou come, a goal ocused on p e en ing new disas e isk, educing exis ing
isk, and s eng hening esilience, as well as including p ima y esponsibili y o p e en ing and educing
disas e isk wi h all-o -socie y and all-o -s a e ins i u ions engagemen (UNISDR 2018a).
The Sendai F amewo k’s cen al goal is “ he subs an ial educ ion o disas e isk and losses in li es,
li elihoods and heal h in he economic, physical, social, cul u al and en i onmen al asse s o pe sons,
businesses, communi ies and coun ies”. Unde pinning his, he F amewo k includes se en global a ge s
and ou P io i ies o Ac ion o membe s a es (see ables 1 and 2). Global p og ess on he implemen a ion o
he Sendai F amewo k is measu ed h ough an online moni o ing sys em, which was launched in Ma ch 2018
in Bonn, Ge many and p o ides an online pla o m o Membe S a es o epo on p og ess agains he
se en global a ge s and 38 indica o s (UNISDR 2018b).
INCOR Alignmen wi h he Sendai F amewo k
As no ed, he o e all goal o INCOR is o con ibu e he Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion (SFDRR
- Sendai Ta ge s A-F, especially o Goal D on in as uc u e). The a ge D aims a “subs an ially educe
disas e damage o c i ical in as uc u e and dis up ion o basic se ices, and inc easing and de eloping
hei esilience by 2030” (UNISDR 2015). The Sendai F amewo k e e s o c i ical in as uc u e in P io i y o
Ac ion 4 as accoun ing o “wa e , anspo a ion and elecommunica ions in as uc u e, educa ional
acili ies, hospi als, and o he heal h acili ies”. Fu he mo e, c i ical in as uc u es a e de ined as “ he
physical s uc u es, acili ies, ne wo ks and o he asse s which p o ide se ices ha a e essen ial o he social
and economic unc ioning o a communi y o socie y” (UNISDR 2017). They a e inc easingly conside ed as he
undamen al enabling o ce and deli e y ehicle o esilien u ban a eas (UN-Habi a 2015), which gua an ee
he p epa edness and eco e y le el o u ban communi ies in ime o an ad e se e en (Se a inelli e al. 2017;
Woi sch e al. 2018; Feke e 2018). The e o e, INCOR will ocus on basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) as an
ins umen o suppo and ad ance communi y disas e esilience in he con ex o na u al haza ds and
con ibu e o he Sendai F amewo k h ough deli e ing insigh s om he case s udies in I an, namely
megaci ies o Teh an and Ka aj. Table 1 demons a es how INCOR inds i s isions and missions in alignmen
wi h he Sendai F amewo k Global Ta ge s.
56
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
Table 1: INCOR Con ibu ions o he Sendai Global Ta ge s and i s main Indica o s - O e iew
Sendai F amewo k Global Ta ge s
Po en ial Indica o s (INCOR Po olio)
Ta ge A: Subs an ially educe
global disas e mo ali y by 2030,
aiming o lowe a e age pe
100,000 global mo ali y be ween
2020-2030 com- pa ed wi h 2005-
2015
Numbe o dea hs caused by di e en haza d scena ios (high, medium,
low ea hquake and lood scena ios)
Numbe o dea hs based on age, sex, disabili y, e c.
Numbe o dea hs based on loca ion o esidence (u ban dis ic s,
neighbo hoods)
Numbe o dea hs caused by dis up ion o c i ical in as uc u es and hei
se ices
Ta ge B: Subs an ially educe he
numbe o a ec ed people
globally by 2030, aiming o lowe
he a e age global igu e pe
100,000 be ween 2020-2030
compa ed wi h 2005-2015.
Numbe o inju ed o disable popula ion based on di e en haza d
scena ios and place o esidence
To al numbe o people ha need o be e acua ed and eloca ed in each
haza d scena ios as well as he place o esidence
Numbe o esiden ial building ha can be des oyed, damaged
Numbe o people
ha can be a ec ed due o dis up ion o basic
in as uc u es and se ices
Numbe o popula ion ha would need eme gency needs based on each
haza d scena ios and place o esidence
Ta ge C: Reduce di ec disas e
economic loss in ela ion o global
GDP by 2030
To al economic losses caused by damage o physical asse s such as
housing, educa ional acili ies, heal h, ene gy, powe lines,
elecommunica ion, anspo a ion in each haza d scena ios and place o
esidence
Ta ge D: Subs an ially educe
dis
as e damage o c i ical
in as uc u e and dis up ion o
basic se ices, among hem heal h
and educa ion-
al acili ies,
including h ough de eloping
hei esilience by 2030.
Spa ial analysis o exposu e o haza ds o basic in as uc u es (including
heal h, educa ional, anspo a ion, wa e , and powe line)
Vulne abili y analysis o basic in as uc u es as well as hei
in e dependencies, cascading,
Analyzing oppo uni ies and limi s o ad ancing analysis by including
Volun ee ed Geog aphic In o ma ion (VGI)
Ta ge E: Subs an ially inc ease he
numbe o coun ies wi h na ional
and local disas e isk educ ion
s a egies by 2020.
De eloping place-based solu ions o basic in as uc u e and se ices
ha is mi iga ion-cen e ed and ensu es i
nclusi eness, as well as
implemen a ion o indings in wo I anian megaci ies
Analyzing he oppo uni ies and limi a ion o In eg a ing esilience
hinking in o exis ing u ban planning p ocess (mas e and de ailed plan)
Conduc ing gap analysis o exis ing disas e isk models and esilience in
he case s udy a eas o a oid duplica ion and ha ing added alues
57
In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch
Volume 2/ 2019
Sendai F amewo k Global Ta ge s
Po en ial Indica o s (INCOR Po olio)
Ta ge F: Subs an ially enhance
in e na ional coope a ion o
de eloping
coun ies h ough
adequa e and sus ainable suppo
o complemen hei na ional
ac ions o implemen a ion o his
amewo k by 2030
Co-ope a ion wi h Ge man-I anian pa ne ship, join wo kshops ( wice a
yea ), s a exchange, join pape esul ed om di e en wo k-packages o
INCOR, holding he 8 h
in e na ional con e ence on seismology and
ea hquake (SEE) by IIEES, om 11-13 No embe 2019 in Teh an.
Ta ge G: Subs an ially inc ease
he a ailabili y o and access o
mul i-
haza d ea ly wa ning
sys ems
and disas e isk
in o ma ion and assessmen s o
he people by 2030.
S eng hening con ex -speci ic isk assessmen s, in o ma ion, which a e
open access and easy o communica e wi h all end use s.
To encou age he adap a ion o DRR p inciples, he Sendai F amewo k p oposes a se o ou p io i ies o
ac ion ha pa e he way o he success ul implemen a ion o disas e isk educ ion and managemen . Table
2 indica es hese p io i ies, exis ing challenges, and how INCOR will con ibu e o mee ing he Sendai
F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion in I an.
Table 2: Sendai F amewo k P io i ies o Ac ion and INCOR’s Alignmen s
Sendai F amewo k
P io i ies o Ac ion
INCOR Alignmen and Con ibu ions
P io i y 1:
Unde s anding disas e
isk
Challenges:
Di e en ype and sou ces o isk in o ma ion including
exposu e, haza d
cha ac e is ics, and ulne abili y da a
Lack o open isk in o ma ion and communica ion (e.g., lack o digi aliza ion and
collabo
a i e pla o m o ad ancing isk analy ics o pe o mance op imiza ion,
moni o ing, cos -bene i analysis as well as ulne abili ies assessmen )
Lack o s anda dized assessmen amewo ks o isk measu emen
Oppo uni ies:
S eng hening e idence-based and con ex -speci ic isk assessmen s, in o ma ion,
and communica ion ha a e up o da ed and open da a o all end-use s ( he high
capaci y o IIEES)
De eloping in eg a ed, s anda dized (hyb id), mul i-haza d and scale (u ban- u al),
collabo a i e (I an-Ge many), and echnically p o icien (geospa ial-based) isk
assessmen amewo k.
P o iding a deepe unde s anding o social and en i onmen al ulne abili y, as
well as cascading e ec s o BIS
P o iding deep unde s anding o whe e disas e isk is cu en ly exis s, whe e i is
being c ea ed, and how i can be changed because o inc easing complexi ies and
apid changes in wo ld dynamics (add essing oo causes).
64
Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.)
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