INCOR Basis-Infrastrukturen und Services einer inklusiven Katastrophenresilienz im Iran. Abschlussbericht der Definitionsphase

In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 Ka s en Fehn, Alexande Feke e, Ch is He kämpe , Alex Lechleu hne , Celia No , Ompe Aimé Mudimu, Ul Sch emme INCOR Basis-In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an. Abschlussbe ich de De ini ionsphase INCOR Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an. Final epo o he de ini ion phase Edi ed by Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas 2 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 This documen is published wi hin he se ies 'In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch'. All publica ions can be downloaded om h p://opus.bsz- bw.de/ hk/doku/publizie e_Sch i en eihen.php. Despi e ho ough e ision he in o ma ion p o ided in his documen is supplied wi hou liabili y. The documen does no necessa ily p esen he opinion o he edi o s. EDITION NOTICE Edi o s o Se ies Ka s en Fehn (P o . D . iu . D . e . medic.) Alexande Feke e (P o . D .-Ing.) Ch is He kämpe (B.Eng.) Alex Lechleu hne (P o . D . med. D . e . na .) Ompe Aimé Mudimu (P o . D .-Ing.) Celia No (M.Sc.) Ul Sch emme (P o . D .-Ing.) TH Köln - Uni e si y o Applied Sciences Ins i u e o Rescue Enginee ing and Ci il P o ec ion Be zdo e S . 2 50679 Cologne Ge many www.i g. h-koeln.de Edi o ship o Se ies - con ac : alexande . eke e@ h-koeln.de Edi o s o his Volume Alexande Feke e (P o . D .-Ing.) Asad Asadzadeh (D .-Ing.) Mahsa Moghadas Con ac Ch is He kämpe Email: ch is.he kaempe @ h-koeln.de Phone: + 49 (0) 221 8275 4253 Web: h p:// isknc isis.wo dp ess.com Recommended Ci a ion Full Volume Feke e, Alexande ; Asadzadeh, Asad, Moghadas, Mahsa (Eds.) INCOR Basis-In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an. Abschlussbe ich de De ini ionsphase. INCOR Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an. Final epo o he de ini ion phase. In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch, 2/2019, 64 pages. Recommended Ci a ion Sec ions Au ho 's Su name, Fi s Name (2019): Ti le. In: Feke e, A.; Asadzadeh, A., Moghadas, M. (Eds.) INCOR Basis- In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an. Abschlussbe ich de De ini ionsphase. INCOR Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an. Final epo o he de ini ion phase. In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch, 2/2019, Page Re e ence. ISSN: 2366-4029 Cologne, Oc obe 2019 3 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 Wi h con ibu ions om: Mehme Akdogan, Kambod Amini Hosseini, Mohsen Ash iany, Meisam Basi a, Roland Baumhaue , Jacqueline Bege ow, Ch is ian Büdel, Vic o Die enbach, Nico G ebne , Johannes Gus , Timo Heyn, Solmaz Hosseinioon, Mohamm ad Kazem Ja a i, Mohamd eza Ja di e Yegahne, Ali Ashga Kamalizadeh Bijan Khazai Theo Kö e , A ash Malekian, Sepeh Ma zi, Adel Mohseni, Zoh eh Mousa iun, Ali eza Noo y, Abbas Os ad Taghizadeh, Ahmad Sadeghi, Simone Sandholz, Reza Sa a i, Ul Sie ke , Bi gi Te ho s , Tobias Ullmann, Ma in Voss, Ma ina Wilde, Es andia Zeba das Acknowledgemen s: Many mo e indi iduals we e in ol ed especially du ing ou wo kshops and we would like o hank hem all and apologise ha we mainly lis he e hose ins umen al in de eloping he p oposals o INCOR. 4 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Inhal s e zeichnis 1a. Inhal des INCOR P ojek s ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach 1b. Con en o he INCOR p ojec ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach 2a. Hin e g und und Konzep ion des INCOR P ojek s - Basis-In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas 2b. Backg ound and Concep ion o INCOR P ojec - Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas 3. Syne gy be ween esilience and inclusi e hinking in basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) planning . 29 Asad Asadzadeh 4. Co-Designing Ge man I anian Pa ne ships: Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an (INCOR P ojec ). I anian-Ge man Expe Wo kshops Se ies ......................................... 31 Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas 5. Oppo uni ies o S eng hening he Ge man Con ibu ions o he Sendai F amewo k, he SDGs, and he New U ban Agenda. Repo om he Ge man-I anian Pa ne ship – P ojec INCOR ............................................ 54 Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh 5 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 1a. Inhal des INCOR P ojek s Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach P ojek i el: Basis-In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an. - Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an (INCOR) P ojek koo dina ion: P o . D . Alexande Feke e. TH Köln Mi a bei : Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach BMBF Fö de maßnahme "In e na ionales Ka as ophen- und Risikomanagemen – IKARIM P ojek daue : 6 Mona e, 2018 1. Au gabens ellung Im Ok obe 2017 ha das Bundesminis e ium ü Bildung und Fo schung (BMBF) die Aussch eibung In e na ionales Ka as ophen- und Risikomanagemen (IKARIM) im Rahmen des P og amms "Fo schung ü die zi ile Siche hei " de Bundes egie ung (2012-2017) e ö en lich . Ziel is de T ans e on Wissen und die Bildung in e na ionale Pa ne scha en im Be eich des Ka as ophen isikomanagemen s. De I an mi seine An älligkei ü zahl eiche Na u ka as ophen wa eines de Schwe punk lände de Aussch eibung, da e ü zahl eiche Na u ge ah en an ällig is und mindes ens d ei Pa ne sei meh e en Jah en in Ka as ophen isikobewe ungs- und Resilienzs udien (Uni . Wü zbu g, Uni . Bonn IGG und TH Köln) a bei en. Die E ah ungen, die du ch die jüngs en S udien des Teams zu An agsen wicklung im I an (THK und IGG) gewonnen wu den, zeig en, dass ein in eg a i es Rahmenwe k ü die angemessene Bewe ung, Managemen und S eue ung de Resilienz de Be ölke ung bei Ka as ophen ehl . In diesem Kon ex is es das Ziel INCORs, Me hoden, P ozesse und Ins umen e zu e ablie en, um die Resilienz gegenübe Na u ka as ophen in i anischen S äd en zu e höhen. INCOR un e such inhal liche Risiken ü lebenswich ige In as uk u en (Wasse e so gung, Ene gie, T anspo - und S aßenne z) bzgl. Na u ge ah en, und einen Wechsel weg on einem eak i en hin zu einem p oak i en Ansa z ü die zukün ige Ka as ophen o so ge. 2. Du ch üh ung Die e s e Phase on INCOR wa de Au bau eines Ke n eams ü das P ojek . Un e de Lei ung on P o . Feke e (TH Köln) haben d ei Mi a bei e Innen (Co-Au o Innen dieses Bei ags) an de En wicklung des olls ändigen An ags, de O ganisa ion on Tele onkon e enzen, Wo kshops und de Be ich e s a ung übe die e b ach en A bei en wäh end de De ini ionsphase gea bei e . Kon ak e zu möglichen Pa ne n im I an bes anden be ei s, auch wu den wei e e Pa ne au deu sche Sei e bzgl. Ih e bishe igen Kenn nisse übe das Land, Inhal de Au gabens ellung und In e esse ausgewähl . Du ch Vo a bei en de Konso iallei ung, Vo kenn nisse de Felda bei im I an und die Ansiedlung an de TH Köln als neu ale wissenscha lich/ akademische O ganisa ion konn en iele Kon ak e, Anbahnungsmaßnahmen und inhal liche Be ich ss ellung e olg eich geplan und angegangen we den. In de zwei en Phase bilde e INCOR eine Gesp ächspla o m mi 18 deu schen und i anischen Wissenscha s, P axis- und Managemen o ganisa ionen, um besse zu e s ehen, was wi klich ü die adäqua e En wicklung, Messung und Implemen ie ung on Ka as ophen esilienz e o de lich is . 6 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Demen sp echend o ganisie e das Ke n eam im Juni, Juli und Augus 2018 d ei Tele onkon e enzen, um Ideen, Bedü nisse und Möglichkei en besse zu eilen, zu e ö e n und zu e knüp en. Im nächs en Sch i wu den Wo kshops in Köln, Tehe an und Ka aj du chge üh . Rund 15 deu sche und 100 i anische Expe en anden sich zusammen, um sich übe das P ojek gemeinsam zu Be a en. De e s e Wo kshop and am 6. und 7. Sep embe 2018 in Köln s a , de zwei e om 15. bis 17. Sep embe in Tehe an und de d i e am 18. Sep embe in Ka aj. Diese Wo kshops ugen dazu bei, die Ke nideen des INCOR- P ojek s auszua bei en, die Ziele und Visionen de S akeholde zu de inie en und die E gebnisse aus den ühen Phasen zu e i izie en. Zu den Zielen de Wo kshops gehö en a) die Iden i izie ung on Koope a ionspa ne n und die Au nahme de Zusammena bei , b) die E ö e ung und Konsolidie ung de Bedü nisse o O und de Möglichkei en de DRR, um aumbezogene und konk e e F&E-Lösungen ü die zen alen He aus o de ungen im I an zu en wickeln, und c) die Iden i izie ung und Be a ung übe die nächs en Sch i e zu den spezi ischen A bei en de einzelnen Pa ne im Rahmen eines d eijäh igen P ojek s. Wäh end de Wo kshops in Tehe an und Ka aj üh en die Pa ne auch Be agungen und Besuche o O du ch, um die bes ehenden Lücken und He aus o de ungen de Ka as ophen isikoplanung und -umse zung in den Falls udiengebie en besse zu e assen. Die E gebnisse zeig en, dass Basisin as uk u en und -diens e (abgekü z als BIS) das en scheidende Elemen sind, das bei de S ä kung de Resilienz de Gemeinscha bei Ka as ophen in den S udiengebie en im Vo de g und s ehen muss. INCOR s eb einen Bei ag zu in e na ionalen En wicklungs ahmen an, insbesonde e zum Sendai Rahmenwe k ü Ka as ophen o so ge 2015 - 2030 (SFDRR). Die Absich is es, zu e s ehen, wie die E gebnisse on INCOR zu Umse zung de SFDRR bei agen können. De en wickel e Be ich zeig auch, wie INCOR zu ande en globalen Rahmenwe ken wie den Zielen ü nachhal ige En wicklung (SDGs) und de Neuen U banen Agenda (Habi a III) bei agen kann. Ve ö en lichungen Moghadas, Mahsa; Asadzadeh, Asad; Va eidis, A hanasios; Feke e, Alexande , Kö e , Theo (2019). A mul i-c i e ia app oach o assessing u ban lood esilience in Teh an, I an. In e na ional Jou nal o Disas e Risk Reduc ion. A ailable online 2 Feb ua y 2019, 101069. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijd .2019.101069 Moghadas, Mahsa; Feke e, Alexande ; Asadzadeh, Asad and Theo Kö e (2018) A heo e ical amewo k o building he isk- esilience o basic in as uc u es and se ices using Open Da a. Con e ence P oceedings – Sho Pape . IFoU 2018: Re aming U ban Resilience Implemen a ion: Aligning Sus ainabili y and Resilience. 10/12/2018 – 12/12/2018, Ba celona, Spain:1-5. 7 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 1b. Con en o he INCOR p ojec Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach P ojec i le: Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an (INCOR) P ojec Coo dina ion: P o . D . Alexande Feke e. TH Köln Coope a ion: Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas, Vic o Die enbach BMBF Funding Measu e "In e na ional Disas e and Risk Managemen - IKARIM P ojec du a ion: 6 mon hs, 2018 1. Task In Oc obe 2017, he Fede al Minis y o Educa ion and Resea ch (BMBF) published he call o p oposals In e na ional Disas e and Risk Managemen (IKARIM) as pa o he Fede al Go e nmen 's "Resea ch o Ci il Secu i y" p og amme (2012-2017). The aim is o ans e knowledge and o m in e na ional pa ne ships in he ield o disas e isk managemen . I an, wi h i s ulne abili y o nume ous na u al disas e s, was one o he p io i y coun ies in he call o p oposals because i is suscep ible o nume ous na u al haza ds and a leas h ee pa ne s ha e been wo king o se e al yea s in disas e isk assessmen and esilience s udies (Uni . Wü zbu g, Uni . Bonn IGG and TH Köln). The expe ience gained om he ecen s udies o he eam on applica ion de elopmen in I an (THK and IGG) showed ha an in eg a i e amewo k o he app op ia e assessmen , managemen and con ol o he esilience o he popula ion in he e en o disas e s is lacking. In his con ex , he aim o INCOR is o es ablish me hods, p ocesses and ins umen s o inc ease esilience o na u al disas e s in I anian ci ies. INCOR in es iga es con en isks o i al in as uc u es (wa e supply, ene gy, anspo and oad ne wo ks) ega ding na u al haza ds, and a shi om a eac i e o a p oac i e app oach o u u e disas e p epa edness. 2. Implemen a ion The i s phase o INCOR was he c ea ion o a co e eam o he p ojec . Unde he leade ship o P o . Feke e (TH Köln) h ee s a membe s (co-au ho s o his con ibu ion) wo ked on he de elopmen o he comple e p oposal, he o ganisa ion o elephone con e ences, wo kshops and he epo ing on he wo k done du ing he de ini ion phase. Con ac s o possible pa ne s in I an al eady exis ed, also u he pa ne s on he Ge man side we e selec ed ega ding hei p e ious knowledge abou he coun y, con en s o he ask and in e es . Th ough he p epa a o y wo k o he conso ium managemen , p io knowledge o ield wo k in I an and he es ablishmen o he TH Köln as a neu al scien i ic/academic o ganisa ion, many con ac s, ini ia ion measu es and con en epo ing could be success ully planned and ackled. In he second phase, INCOR o med a discussion pla o m wi h 18 Ge man and I anian scien i ic, p ac ical and managemen o ganisa ions in o de o be e unde s and wha is eally necessa y o he adequa e de elopmen , measu emen and implemen a ion o disas e esilience. Acco dingly, he co e eam o ganised h ee elephone con e ences in June, July and Augus 2018 o be e sha e, discuss and link ideas, needs and oppo uni ies. 8 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) The nex s ep was o hold wo kshops in Cologne, Teh an and Ka aj. A ound 15 Ge man and 100 I anian expe s me o discuss he p ojec . The i s wo kshop ook place on 6 and 7 Sep embe 2018 in Cologne, he second om 15 o 17 Sep embe in Teh an and he hi d on 18 Sep embe in Ka aj. These wo kshops helped o elabo a e he co e ideas o he INCOR p ojec , o de ine he goals and isions o he s akeholde s and o e i y he esul s om he ea ly phases. The objec i es o he wo kshops included (a) iden i ying and s a ing coope a ion pa ne s, (b) discussing and consolida ing local needs and DRR capabili ies o de elop spa ial and conc e e R&D solu ions o key challenges in I an, and (c) iden i ying and ad ising on he nex s eps in he speci ic wo k o each pa ne in a h ee-yea p ojec . Du ing he wo kshops in Teh an and Ka aj, he pa ne s also conduc ed in e iews and ield isi s o be e unde s and he exis ing gaps and challenges in disas e isk planning and implemen a ion in he case s udy a eas. The esul s showed ha basic in as uc u e and se ices (abb e ia ed as BIS) a e he key elemen o s eng hen communi y esilience o disas e s in he s udy a eas. INCOR aims o con ibu e o in e na ional de elopmen amewo ks, in pa icula he Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Reduc ion 2015 - 2030 (SFDRR). The in en ion is o unde s and how he esul s o INCOR con ibu e o he implemen a ion o he SFDRR. Publica ions Moghadas, Mahsa; Asadzadeh, Asad; Va eidis, A hanasios; Feke e, Alexande , Kö e , Theo (2019). A mul i-c i e ia app oach o assessing u ban lood esilience in Teh an, I an. In e na ional Jou nal o Disas e Risk Reduc ion. A ailable online 2 Feb ua y 2019, 101069. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijd .2019.101069 Moghadas, Mahsa; Feke e, Alexande ; Asadzadeh, Asad and Theo Kö e (2018) A heo e ical amewo k o building he isk- esilience o basic in as uc u es and se ices using Open Da a. Con e ence P oceedings – Sho Pape . IFoU 2018: Re aming U ban Resilience Implemen a ion: Aligning Sus ainabili y and Resilience. 10/12/2018 – 12/12/2018, Ba celona, Spain:1-5. 9 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 2a. Hin e g und und Konzep ion des INCOR P ojek s - Basis- In as uk u en und Se ices eine inklusi en Ka as ophen esilienz im I an Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas I. Einlei ung Kü zlich s a ge undene E beben im I an (Ke manshah E beben in 2017 sowie das Bam E dbeben in 2003) un e s eichen e neu , wie exponie die Gesellscha des I ans gegenübe Na u ge ah en is . Diese E ah ungen zeigen, dass kaskadie ende Aus älle K i ische In as uk u en (hie als Basis-In as uk u en und Diens leis ungen - BIS - bezeichne ) d ama ische Ein lüsse au die Reak ion und E holung on be o enen Gemeinscha en haben können. Zudem e geben sich Kon lik e auch im All ag, wenn es keinen ge ech en Zugang zu BIS ü Teile de Be ölke ung, o allem a me Menschen in u banen Regionen gib . Vo diesem Hin e g und e kennen in e na ionale akademische und poli ische K eise den wachsenden Beda an in eg a i en und esilien en In as uk u en und Diens leis ungen im Kon ex eines e besse en Ka as ophen isikomanagemen s. Diese In as uk u en bes ehen aus d ei Haup be eichen: Asse s, Wissen und Ins i u ionen. INCOR un e such Risiken ü lebenswich ige In as uk u en (Wasse e so gung, Ene gie, T anspo - und S aßenne z) bzgl. Na u ge ah en, und un e s ü z dami den Wechsel weg on einem eak i en hin zu einem p oak i en Ansa z ü die zukün ige Ka as ophen o so ge du chzu üh en. S and de Wissenscha De I an lieg an eine Haup e we ungslinie zwischen de a abischen und eu asischen Pla e und ha in de Ve gangenhei eine Vielzahl E dbeben e leb . Das g a ie ends e dieses Jah hunde s e eigne e sich 2003, als ein E dbeben mi eine Magni ude on 6.6 die S ad Bam a und ci ca 30.000 Menschen s a ben. Im Jah 2017 s a ben mindes ens 600 Menschen bei einem E dbeben in Ke manshah (das wel wei g a ie ends e E dbeben in diesem Jah bislang) und es wu den um die 10.000 Menschen e le z . Meh als 90% de S äd e des Landes be inden sich in E dbebengebie en, einschließlich de Megas ad Tehe an mi und 13 Millionen Einwohne n [1]. Lau Swiss Re [2] is Tehe an E dbeben s a k ausgese z und is wel wei au S u e 6 de ge äh de s en S äd e im Hinblick au die G öße de s äd ischen Be ölke ung, die on eine ode meh e en Na u ge ah en be o en sein könn e. Eine Million Menschen könn en ge ö e und 70% de S ad schwe beschädig we den, wenn ein E dbeben wie on Hai i die S ad e schü e [3]. Lau dem Global Assessmen Repo on Disas e Risk Reduc ion (2015) is de I an eines de Lände , das sich eine Finanzie ungslücke gegenübe sieh und einen S ess es seine iskalischen Resilienz nich bis zu einem Ve lus eines 1-in-100-Jah en E eignisses bes ehen wü de, wenn es nich übe Ressou cen e üg , um sich gegen schwe e Ka as ophen wie E dbeben zu pu e n1. Seismische Wissenscha le haben o ku zem gewa n , dass die Zahl de e hee enden E dbeben in de ganzen Wel im Jah 2018 s a k ans eigen könn e und o ensich lich is de I an eine de po enziellen Kandida en2. Meh als 90% de S äd e des Landes be inden sich in E dbebengebie en, einschließlich de Megas ad Tehe an mi ih en und 13 Millionen Einwohne n. Lau Swiss Re (2013) is Tehe an s a k om E dbeben be o en und wi d wel wei als die sechs - 1 h p://www.p e en ionweb.ne /english/hyogo/ga /2015/en/ga -pd /GAR2015_EN.pd 2 h ps://www. hegua dian.com/wo ld/2017/no /18/2018-se - o-be-yea -o -big-ea hquakes 16 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) De I an ha sich da in bezüglich Fo schungss anda ds, in e na ionale We bewe bs ähigkei , Auss ahlungsbedeu ung und Hebelwi kung inne halb de Region, abe auch insbesonde e du ch die hohe Anzahl und Bedeu ung on Na u ge ah en und en sp echende E ah ung dami ü kün ige Koope a ionen als besonde s geeigne he ausges ell . Pa ne THK-IRG: Ins i u ü Re ungsingenieu wesen und Ge ah enabweh de Technischen Hochschule Köln: Dieses Ins i u is Fo schungspa ne und Lei e des P ojek konso iums. Mi dem Know-how in de Fo schung zu k i ischen In as uk u sys emen, Risikobewe ung, Analyse on Vulne abili ä und Resilienz sowie pa izipa i en Ansä zen in Risk Go e nance im in e na ionalen Kon ex siche diese Pa ne den Dialog zwischen allen Pa ne n und übe nimm die wissenscha liche Füh ung in den Mul i-Risk-Ansä zen. P o . Feke e ha meh e e P ojek e (u.a. BMBF) be ei s koo dinie a bei e sei 2002 übe den I an. UB-IGG: Ins i u ü Geodäsie und Geoin o ma ion an de Uni e si ä Bonn ha einen s a ken Hin e g und in S ad - und Regionalplanung, u bane Resilienz, u banen Risiken, kommunale Ka as ophen esilienz, sowie de En wicklung heo e ische Rahmenbedingunge n als Basis ü die Ope a ionalisie ung des Konzep s u bane Resilienz du ch Ve bundmaßnahmen im Kon ex mul iple Risiken (Deu schland) und im Zusammenhang mi de E dbebenge ah (Tehe an, I an). Das Ins i u wi d mi seinem s a ken Fokus au u bane Gemeinscha en und seinem Know-how bei de En wicklung eines in eg ie en konzep ionellen Rahmens ü esilienz- in eg a i e BIS und de Ope a ionalisie ung des Konzep s in den Un e suchungsgebie en zu dem P ojek bei agen. UW - Uni e si ä Wü zbu g - Ins i u ü Geog aphie und Geologie ha eine lange T adi ion und E ah ung mi A bei en im I an, u.a. in Be eichen wie Geomo phologie, Klima, Bodenkunde, Fe ne kundung und Na u ge ah en wie Dü en, Übe schwemmungen, E d u schen, abe auch U bani ä und Raumplanung. Fü INCOR wi d die UW wich iges Know-how zu Na u ge ah en e u sachenden P ozessen, Landnu zung und E osion, abe auch Maßnahmen zu Minde ung solche P ozesse beis eue n. Physische und an h opogene Fak o en we den in eg ie , um den INCOR-Ansa z um assende zu ges al en. Räumliche Beobach ungs- und Bewe ungsme hoden un e Ve wendung on GIS, abe auch on Fe ne kundungsda en we den eingese z - zunächs in de De ini ionsphase, um Falls udienspezi ika zu iden i izie en und spä e Da en ü die Analysen be ei zus ellen. Ein Haup kapi al de UW is die langjäh ige E ah ung im I an mi Felda bei und lokalen Kon ak en, die nich nu die G undlagena bei im P ojek ö de n, sonde n auch hel en, eine lang is ige Zusammena bei au zubauen. Uni ed Na ions Uni e si y – Ins i u e o En i onmen and Human Secu i y (UNU-EHS) is wel wei üh end in de Risiko-, Vulne abili ä s- und Anpassungs o schung im Kon ex globale Ve ände ungen. Die Ab eilung ü Schwachs ellenanalysen, Risikomanagemen und adap i e Planung (VARMAP) wi d mi ih em Fokus au s äd ische Gebie e und ländlich- s äd ische Ve knüp ungen und Expe ise bei de Bewe ung gesellscha liche Ve wundba kei und Anpassungs ähigkei en bei agen. empi ica ag – Resea ch and Consul ing is eine unabhängige Be a ungs i ma ü Wi scha und Sozialwissenscha en und a bei e an de Schni s elle zwischen Fo schung, Poli ik und In es men . Kunden sind ö en liche und p i a e Ein ich ungen in den Be eichen Demog aphie, Wohnungsma k , S äd e und Regionen, benach eilig e S ad eile und sozioökonmische Auswi kungen on In as uk u en. 17 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 CoFA – Hochschule ü Bildende Küns e an de Uni e si ä Tehe an: Diese Uni e si ä is die äl es e und enommie es e Uni e si ä im I an und Hochschule ü S ad planung is als Exzellenzzen um ü S ad planung und nachhal ige S ad en wicklung (CEUPSUD) bekann . Mi einem be äch lichen Hin e g und in den Be eichen soziale Vulne abili ä und s äd ische Lebensquali ä (na ionale und lokale Ebene) wi d diese Pa ne zu sozialen Fak o en bei agen, die ü die inklusi e Planung im P ojek be ücksich ig we den können. TDMMO - Tehe an Disas e Mi iga ion und Managemen O ganisa ion: TDMMO is in Zusammena bei mi de Zen al egie ung in Tehe an ü das s äd ische Risikomanagemen zus ändig. Dieses Ins i u is das e an wo liche Zen um ü die Vo be ei ung und Du ch üh ung on Ka as ophen isikop ojek en und ha e schiedene P ojek e mi in e na ionalen Ins i u ionen wie JICA, UNDP und de Wel bank du chge üh . Di ese Pa ne wi d dazu bei agen, den a sächlichen Beda in de De ini ionsphase zu e mi eln und die e schiedenen BIS-Be eiche wäh end des gemeinsamen P ojek s zu koo dinie en. IIEES – In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology: beinhal e die Ab eilungen Seismology, Geo echnical Enginee ing, S uc u al Enginee ing, Risk Managemen , G adua e S udies, In o ma ion Technology, und In e na ional Rela ions. IIEES engagie sich bei de Implemen ie ung na ional und in e na ionale P oje k e bei e ek i en Maßnahmen zum Schu z on Leben und Gü e n gegenübe Na u isiken. Haup ziele on IIEES sind die Fö de ung on Fo schung, Technologien und Bildung in allen Aspek en de Seismologie und p axis ele an e Maßnahmen um E dbeben isiken zu eduzie en sowie die En wicklung eine Siche hei skul u im Umgang mi E dbeben, Ve wende e Li e a u [1] K.G.A. M, Amini Hosseini, Disas e Risk Managemen P o ile Teh an , I an, In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology, IIEES, Teh an, 2005. h p://www.alnap.o g/ esou ce/7116. [2] L.S.O.H.P. Sunde mann, Mind he isk A global anking o ci ies unde h ea om na u al disas e s, (2013) 30. www.swiss e.com. [3] A. Asadzadeh, T. Kö e , D. Weiss, The mul i-scale pa e ns o u ban disas e esilience: Case s udy o Teh an Ci y, I an, 6 h In . Disas e Risk Con . 2016, Da os, Swi z. (2016). www.g o um.o g. [4] UNISDR, Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion 2015 - 2030, Thi d Wo ld Con . Disas e Risk Reduc ion, Sendai, Japan, 14-18 Ma ch 2015. (2015) 1–25. doi:A/CONF.224/CRP.1. [5] S. Eybpoosh, A.A. Haghdoos , E. Mos a a i, A. Bah ampou , K. Azadmanesh, F. Zolala, Examining non-s uc u al e o i ing s a us o eaching hospi als in Ke man agains disas e s, Elec on. Physician (ISSN. 9 (2017) 4434–4439. doi:10.14661/2015.971-976. [6] D. Welle, Ke manshah ea hquake, popula dona ions and dis us o he egime; Tou s in he webs, (2017). h p://www.dw.com/ a-i / ﮫﻟﺰﻟز-هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﮐ-یﺎﮭﮑﻤﮐ-ﻣدﺮﻣﯽ-و- یدﺎﻤﺘﻋﺎﯿﺑ-ﮫﺑ-مﺎﻈﻧ-ﯽﺘﺸﮔ-رد-ﺎﮭﮭﮑﺒﺷ /a-41428896. [7] A. Cla k-Ginsbe g, B. Agui e, T. Bi kland, K.E. B owne, S.L. Cu e , A. Oli e , e al., U ban challenges and oppo uni ies o FEMA du ing he T ump adminis a ion, 2017. h p://www.aa oncg.me/wp-con en /uploads/2017/01/U ban-challenges-and- oppo uni ies- o -FEMA-du ing- he-T ump-adminis a ion.pd . [8] S.L. Cu e , The landscape o disas e esilience indica o s in he USA, Na . Haza ds. 80 (2016) 741–758. doi:10.1007/s11069-015-1993-2. [9] D. Alexande , Wha can we do abou ea hquakes ? Towa ds a sys ema ic app oach o seismic isk mi iga ion, in: NZSEE Con ., 2012: pp. 1–16. h p://www.nzsee.o g.nz/db/2012/Pape 001.pd . [10] UN-Habi a , 18 – U ban In as uc u e and Basic Se ices, Including Ene gy, Habi a III Issue Pap. 2015 (2015) 0–9. h ps://www.habi a 3.o g/ he-new-u ban-agenda/issue- pape s. 18 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) [11] Imp o ing in as uc u e ou comes h ough be e capi al alloca ion, McKinsey Co. (2017). h ps://www.mckinsey.com/indus ies/capi al-p ojec s-and-in as uc u e/ou - insigh s/imp o ing-in as uc u e-ou comes- h ough-be e -capi al-alloca ion (accessed No embe 30, 2017). [12] UNFCCC, P og ess acke Wo k p og amme esul ing om he ele an eques s con ained in decision 1 / CP . 21, 2016. h p://un ccc.in / iles/pa is_ag eemen /applica ion/pd /pa_p og ess_ acke _200617. pd . [13] Uni ed Na ions, Sus ainabel De elopmen Goals, 2015. doi:10.1007/s13398-014-0173- 7.2. [14] Uni ed Na ions, New U ban Agenda, 2017. h p://habi a 3.o g/wp- con en /uploads/New-U ban-Agenda-GA-Adop ed-68 h-Plena y-N1646655-E.pd . [15] C. Bach, S. Bouchon, A. Feke e, J. Bi kmann, E. Duchemin, B. Ba oca, Adding alue o c i ical in as uc u e esea ch and disas e isk managemen : he esilience concep , Su . Pe spec . In eg . En i on. Soc. 6 (2013). [16] G. Pesca oli, D. Alexande , C i ical in as uc u e, pana chies and he ulne abili y pa hs o cascading disas e s, Na . Haza ds. 82 (2016) 175–192. doi:10.1007/s11069-016- 2186-3. [17] Bi kmann, T. Welle, W. Solecki, S. Lwasa, M. Ga schagen, Boos esilience o small and mid-sized ci ies, Na u e. 537 (2016) 605–608. h p://www.na u e.com/news/boos - esilience-o -small-and-mid-sized-ci ies-1.20667. [18] S.L. Cu e , L. Ba nes, M. Be y, C. Bu on, E. E ans, E. Ta e, e al., A place-based model o unde s anding communi y esilience o na u al disas e s, Glob. En i on. Chang. 18 (2008) 598–606. doi:10.1016/j.gloen cha.2008.07.013. [19] J. Xu, Z. Wang, F. Shen, C. Ouyang, Y. Tuc, Na u al disas e s and social con lic : A sys ema ic li e a u e e iew, In . J. Disas e Risk Reduc . 17 (2016) 38–48. doi:h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ijd .2016.04.001. [20] Feke e A (2011) Common C i e ia o he Assessmen o C i ical In as uc u es. In J Disas e Risk Sci.2:15-24. [21] Feke e, A. & Fied ich, F ank (Eds.)(2018) U ban Disas e Resilience and Secu i y. Add essing Risks in Socie ies. The U ban Book Se ies, Sp inge . ISBN 978-3-319-68605- 9. 518 p. 19 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 2b. Backg ound and Concep ion o INCOR P ojec - Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience in I an Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh, Mahsa Moghadas In oduc ion Recen ea hquakes in I an (Ke manshah ea hquake in 2017, as well as he Bam ea hquake in 2003) highligh ed once again how suscep ible many communi ies in I an a e o na u al haza ds. The expe ience gained e ealed ha cascading ailu es o c i ical in as uc u es ( e med he e basic in as uc u es and se ices - BIS) in bo h inhe en and adap i e capaci ies can d ama ically a ec esponse and eco e y le els o a ec ed communi ies. Addi ionally, he e is a widesp ead pe cep ion ha social capi al and us can be declined when he e is no equi able access o BIS o all ci izens, especially o u ban poo . Wi h his backg ound, in e na ional academic and policy ci cles acknowledge he inc easing need o an in eg a ed esilien -inclusi e basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) o be e disas e isk managemen and social con lic educ ion. BIS ep esen bo h an eceden (inhe en ) and adap i e capaci ies and a e made up o h ee majo pa s o asse s, knowledge and ins i u ions. While he an eceden condi ion o s a ic s a e o BIS a e o en analyzed in disas e s udies, he adap i e o dynamic p ocess o BIS a e neglec ed. To ackle his challenge, INCOR will ocus on in e ac ing BIS o ind ou he in e dependencies in hei spa iali y and empo ali y o shi om a eac i e model o a p oac i e app oach in o de o p epa ing o u u e c ises. Equally impo an , he Ke manshah example showed ha exis ing BIS planning and managemen sys ems do no p o ide equi able and ai access o all ci izens. This p ojec he e o e, will conside esilience and inclusion as he wo majo cha ac e is ics o basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) in disas e isk planning and managemen . Since esilience and inclusion a e abs ac concep s, ansla ing hem in o BIS equi es an in e disciplina y and a mul i-sec o al a i ude on h ee le els: i s , by ocusing on concep ualizing h ee key in e linked concep s o basic in o ma ion and se ices (BIS), esilience, and inclusion. Second, by ocusing on in e ac ing basic in as uc u es and se ices o ind ou he spa io empo al ela ions o hem, and hi d, by socializing he concep o basic in as uc u e and se ices as a common esea ch objec . S a e o he a I an si s on a majo aul line be ween he A abian and Eu asian pla es and has expe ienced a numbe o deadlies ea hquakes in he pas . The deadlies his cen u y occu ed in 2003 when a magni ude 6.6 ea hquake s uck he ci y o Bam, killing some 30,000 people. In 2017, an ea hquake in Ke manshah ( he wo ld’s deadlies ea hquake so a his yea ) killed a leas 600 people and inju ed a ound 10,000 people. Mo e han 90% o coun y’s ci ies a e loca ed on ea hquake aul s including he Megaci y o Teh an wi h a ound 13 million inhabi an s [1]. Acco ding o Swiss Re [2], Teh an is highly exposed o ea hquake and is anked as he six h ulne able ci y o ea hquake wo ldwide wi h ega d o he size o u ban popula ion ha could be hi by one o mo e na u al haza ds. One million people may be killed and 70% o he ci y can be hea ily damaged i an ea hquake like Hai i shakes he ci y [3]. 20 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Acco ding o Global Assessmen Repo on Disas e Risk Reduc ion (2015), I an is one o he coun ies ace a inancing gap and would no pass a s ess es o i s iscal esilience o a 1-in-100-yea s loss, i does no ha e he esou ces o bu e agains se e disas e losses such as ea hquakes5. Seismic scien is ha e ecen ly wa ned he e could be a big inc ease in numbe s o de as a ing ea hquakes a ound he wo ld o 2018 and ob iously I an is one o he po en ial candida e6. Mo e han 90% o coun y’s ci ies a e loca ed on ea hquake aul s including he Megaci y o Teh an wi h a ound 13 million inhabi an s. Acco ding o Swiss Re (2013), Teh an is highly exposed o ea hquake and is anked as he six h ulne able ci y o ea hquake wo ldwide wi h ega d o he size o u ban popula ion ha could be hi by one o mo e na u al haza ds7. JICA (Japan In e na ional Coope a ion Agency) in 2000 has de eloped ou scena ios o o al building damage and human a ali y in Teh an and es ima ed ha in he wo s scena io, 55% o building damage and a ound 500,000 human casual ies can be happened8. These scena ios highligh one again how suscep ible is I an in gene al, and in pa icula , Teh an o ea hquake haza d, and consequen ly, how a e basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) c i ical o mi iga ion and eco e y in ime o an ad e se e en . Howe e , due o complexi y o BIS, and dynamic concep o bo h esilience and inclusion e ms, he scena ios will be expanded in ull p oposal pe iod, in close coope a ion wi h local pa ne s who a e in ol ed in disas e isk managemen and planning. Exis ing gaps and demand Human communi ies need a esilien sys em in o de o p epa e o , abso b, eco e om, and mo e success ully adap o ac ual o po en ial ad e se e en s in imely and e icien manne (UN 2015: Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion). The sys ems ha con ibu e o esilience o a communi y a e basic in as uc u es and se ices (e.g. mobili y, ene gy, wa e , sani a ion, building sys ems, communica ion; e c.). The impo ance and demand o such ‘c i ical in as uc u e’ o be main ained du ing and a e disas e s is inc easingly unde lined a in e na ional le el (EC 2008, UN 2015, SDGs). While I an is a leading na ion in some s uc u al and non-s uc u al p epa edness (e.g. s anda d building codes, in as uc u al planning, isk in o ma ion, e c.), ecen ea hquakes highligh ed ha exis ing sys ems a e no su icien ye o esis , espond and mi iga e he e ec s o shocks. A he same ime, when he bene i s o in as uc u e se ices a e no sha ed b oadly, also disas e managemen and eco e y ac i i ies a e less sus ainable, du able, and esilien . Fo ins ance, in as uc u al dep i a ion was a signi ican cause o a social us gap be ween popula ion and go e nmen a e he Ke manshah ea hquake in No embe 2017. The e o e, in e up ions o in as uc u e se ices can a enua e he abso p i e capaci y o he eco e y deg ee o communi ies, and equally impo an , can educe social capi al o inc ease social con lic s a haza d-a ec ed communi ies. U ban planning and disas e managemen has a long adi ion in I an and ou p ojec pa ne s in I an ha e iden i ied a g ea demand o con inue and expand he planning p ocesses on he backd op on con inued na u al haza d isks and inc easing popula ion concen a ions exposed o po en ial disas e s, such as he nex “big one” ea hquake o s ike he capi al, Teh an o ano he a ea. 5 h p://www.p e en ionweb.ne /english/hyogo/ga /2015/en/ga -pd /GAR2015_EN.pd 6 h ps://www. hegua dian.com/wo ld/2017/no /18/2018-se - o-be-yea -o -big-ea hquakes 7h p://www.swiss e.com/lib a y/expe isepublica ion/Mind_ he_ isk_a_global_ anking_o _ci ies_unde _ h ea _ om_na u al_disas e s.h ml 8 h p://open_jica epo .jica.go.jp/pd /11611753_01.pd 21 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 Agains his backd op, and o he i s ime in I an, his p ojec will ocus on basic in as uc u es and se ices disas e esilience in sys ema ically and in eg a ed way. The o e all goal is o unde pin an inno a i e planning sys em o in as uc u e and u ban planning o ace isks, and as such, o explo e policies o expanding equi able access o in as uc u e se ices and making he bene i s mo e inclusi e and sus ainable. This mee s na ional as well as in e na ional demands o c ea ing syne gies be ween sus ainable de elopmen goals (SGDs) and Disas e Risk Reduc ion (DRR). Despi e s uc u al building codes and land-wide adop ion o high s anda ds in oad and building cons uc ion, I anian ci ies and se lemen s emain a isk. Especially basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) a e ans o ming o be pa o p oblem ins ead o being pa o he solu ion as expe ienced in ecen Ke manshah ea hquake. On he one hand, basic in as uc u es and se ices ha e no been seen as a ne wo k sys em in cu en planning sys em and hus, he in e dependencies and he spa ial- empo al ela ions o hem we e no enough unde s ood. On he o he hand, he ai and equi able access o BIS was no gua an eed o all popula ion. I is assume ha people along wi h BIS pa icipa e in di e en phases o isk managemen including p epa edness, esponse, and adap a ion. Howe e , social and in as uc u al inequali ies pu hese assump ions in doub and cause o b eak social us as epo ed om Ke manshah ea hquake. Agains his backg ound and o he i s ime in I an, his p ojec will ocus on basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) in sys ema ically and in eg a ed way. The o e all goal is o iden i y he unc ions and ailu es o BIS in hei spa io empo al con ex s and ela ions in o de o unde pin an inno a i e planning sys em o ace upcoming isks, and as such, o explo e policies o expanding equi able access o BIS and making he bene i s mo e inclusi e and sus ainable. Resilience and inclusi e hinking and link o basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS): The Benjamin F anklin axiom ha “an ounce o p e en ion is wo h a pound o cu e” is as ue oday as when F anklin ad ised Philadelphia's i e- igh e s in 1736 [7]. A se ies o p ominen na u al and echnical disas e s sugges ha he e is a i al need o shi ou ocus om a eac i e esponse o a p oac i e mi iga ion [8,9]. Such shi p edisposes us o de elop ou unde s anding o wha , when, and whe e basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS), as backbone o communi ies, need o be pu in place and how hey can be add essed o p e en and mi iga e he e ec s o na u al haza ds [10]. A he same ime, basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) a e challenged by inc eased complexi y and apid changes in wo ld dynamics (e.g. apid u baniza ion along wi h g owing u ban in o mali y, g owing gap be ween demand and supply, social con lic , e c.). Such challenges highligh he need o op imizing capi al alloca ion and p o iding equi able access o esou ces o all ci izens, especially he poo [10,11]. Wi h his backg ound, in e na ional academic and policy ci cles ha e acknowledged he need o c ea e esilience and inclusi e communi ies [4,12–14]. While he e m esilience has ecei ed a en ion om haza d schola s, inclusion has only ecen ly become a popula aspi a ional e m in de elopmen discou se. The e o e, an in eg a ed esilience-inclusi e BIS is ye o be de eloped o disas e isk planning and managemen . In eg a ed esilience and inclusi e basic in as uc u e and se ices (BIS): Despi e he inc easing in e na ional awa eness o he link be ween in e dependencies o BIS and disas e esilience, mos o esea ch ini ia i es con inue o ocus on indi idual sys ems o he echnical in e ela ions (s a ic esul s) o BIS [15]. Ra he , BIS a e complex ne wo ked sys ems ha mani es a ious spa ial- empo al ela ions 22 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) (dynamic p ocesses) in communi ies [16]. Emb acing BIS as a complex and dynamic concep helps o be e unde s anding o how he inhe en and adap i e esilience (e.g. obus ness, edundancy, lexibili y, e c.) o hem can a enua e he impac s o a haza d and p o ide apid esponse and eco e y [17,18]. Equally impo an , he inc easing gap be ween demand and supply o BIS, as well as he inaccessibili y, and una o dabili y o hem a enua e no only he esilience deg ee o socie ies bu also leads o social con lic [19]. In eg a ed esilien -inclusi e BIS can he e o e be a comp ehensi e app oach o ealiza ion o human secu i y and igh s in he con ex o na u al and echnical haza ds (see Figu e 2, nex page). To pe o m his ask, INCOR will in eg a e inno a ions s emming om esilience concep s cu en ly bu geoning in he ield o disas e isk managemen wi h he ield o in as uc u e, which combines bo h pa amoun disas e - ela ed eco e y capabili ies as well as e e yday li ing condi ions o mode n ci ilisa ions. Communi y esilience hen inally adds also he pe spec i es o he people, hei condi ions and pe cep ions o na u al haza d isks and hei dependence on basic in as uc u e. In o de o enable such concep ual in eg a ion, i is co- designed and ca ied ou in close collabo a ion wi h all pa ne s especially, hose ha a e in ol ing in disas e isk managemen in I an. Goals De eloping in eg a ed esilien & inclusi e basic in as uc u es and se ices: INCOR a gues ha basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) need a mul i-sec o al app oach and an in e disciplina y collabo a ion, and he e o e, will help o build and boos exis ing collabo a ion be ween Ge man and I an h ough join ansdisciplina y esea ch, in eg a ing academic, adminis a i e and p i a e sec o . P ac ically, u ban planne s and decision make s om I an will be linked o echnological key solu ions (e.g. semina s, wo kshops, e c.) de eloped by Ge man en e p ises ha allow he co-design o esilien -inclusi e basic in as uc u es and se ices. Concep ually, INCOR aims a cen ing on h ee key in e linked concep s o basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS), esilience, and inclusion o unde s and how hei in eg a ion can be add essed o mee bo h disas e isk managemen and social con lic educ ion. 23 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 Fig. 1: C ea ion and implemen a ion o he inclusi e- esilien BIS: syne gies be ween basic in as uc u e, esilience and inclusi e app oaches BIS, as he backbone o u ban communi ies, p o ide no only unc ions well du ing non-c isis pe iods, bu also p epa e lexibili y in esponse du ing, and adap abili y a e disas e s. They a e highly con ex - dependen ( empo al and spa ial) cha ac e is ics in communi ies and e lec mul iple spa ial- empo al in e ac ions. Fu he mo e, hey a e complex sys ems and made up no only physical o asse s, bu also consis o h ee majo pa s o asse s, knowledge, and ins i u ions. The e o e, in eg a ing BIS wi h esilience and inclusi e hinking can be add essed o shi om a eac i e ac ion o a p oac i e app oach (an icipa e and cope wi h u u e shocks), and o a enua e he social gaps induced by inequi able access o BIS. The goal is o con ibu e o he Sendai P ocess in DRR (Sendai Ta ge s A1-D1, and G1) as well as o he SDGs (especially Goals 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, and 16), wi h also being acco dance wi h he New U ban Agenda (Habi a III) ha emphasises on equi able access o BIS, especially o he poo . A holis ic app oach owa d inclusi e- esilien BIS also necessi a es he ocus on in e dependencies be ween sec o s and he eby gene a e dialogue be ween local and in e na ional ac o s. The ob ained esul s a e concep ual and p ac ical solu ions ha a e need-based and mi iga ion-cen e ed and encompass long- e m a i ude, and inclusi e p ocess o BIS planning in he con ex o na u al haza ds. 24 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Fig. 2: Analy ical de elopmen p ocess o INCOR The ollowing igu e shows he me hodology o esilien -inclusi e BIS: F om concep ualizing o ope a ionalizing he concep and iden i ying ho spo s (de ici s, issues, and p oblems). Fig. 3: Ca ego ies and concep ual componen s 25 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 Speci ically, INCOR in ends o add ess he main goal o he Sendai F amewo k (disas e p e en ion and educ ion h ough inclusi e inhe en and adap i e capaci ies o inc ease p epa edness, eco e y, and hus s eng hen communi y esilience). I also ouches he six ou o 17 a ge s o he 2030 Agenda o SDGs (c ea ing inclusi e, sa e, esilien , and sus ainable communi ies), as well as he one o he mos impo an a ge s o Habi a III (equi able and ai access o BIS o all). Concep ually, INCOR iews esilience and inclusion as wo majo cha ac e is ics o basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) in isk planning and managemen and will help o de elop an in eg a ed esilien -inclusi e BIS amewo k, and as such, an inno a i e s a egy and planning p ac ice o u he planning and de elopmen o BIS. Me hodologically, INCOR will apply a hyb id (quali a i e and quan i a i e) app oach o ope a ionalizing he in eg a ed concep o esilien -inclusi e BIS. I will ocus on in e ac ing basic in as uc u es and se ices o ind ou he in e dependencies (spa ial- empo al) o hem h ough loca ion-based o geospa ial in o ma ion sys ems (GIS) and spa ial da a in as uc u e (SDI). Then, he ocus will be placed on unde s anding he linkage be ween equi abili y, a o dabili y, and accessibili y o BIS (using in-dep h in e iews wi h planne s, s akeholde s, e c.) o he ealiza ion o inclusi e ac o s o BIS. Expec ed ou comes will be a holis ic heo e ical amewo k as p oxies o esilien -inclusi e BIS sys ems, a composi e measu e (indices) o unde s and an empi ical e idence o wha inc eases o inhibi s communi y esilience, and inno a i e planning p ac ices o bo h u ban and egional planning. Fig. 4: Objec i es and inno a ions o he p ojec 32 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) 1 Wo kshops O e iew The gene al layou and ambi ion o he wo kshops se ies we e o conduc a co-design app oach, whe e Ge man and I anian pa ne s om he ele an ins i u ions could co-c ea e he p ojec . This in e na ionally accep ed app oach and i s o e all design a e desc ibed in he ollowing sec ions. 1.1 Backg ound and Objec i es The Ge man and I anian expe s and s akeholde s ga he ed in he second INCOR wo kshops o discuss he co e ideas and unde lying assump ions o he p ojec , as well as comple e he sha ed indings o he i s wo kshops (6-7 h Sep . 2018) in Cologne. The o e a ching opic o hese wo kshops was o ind ou how basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS), as he backbone o u ban communi ies, can con ibu e o inc ease he disas e esilience le el o he ci ies o na u al haza ds. Acco ding o UNISDR (2017) esilience has been de ined as “The abili y o a sys em, communi y o socie y exposed o haza ds o esis , abso b, accommoda e, adap o, ans o m and eco e om he e ec s o a haza d in a imely and e icien manne , including h ough he p ese a ion and es o a ion o i s essen ial basic s uc u es and unc ions h ough isk managemen ”. Likewise, c i ical in as uc u e e e s o “The physical s uc u es, acili ies, ne wo ks and o he asse s which p o ide se ices ha a e essen ial o he social and economic unc ioning o a communi y o socie y. In addi ion, UN Habi a III highligh ed ha “in as uc u e has e ol ed o a mo e inc easingly sys em based unde s anding which consis s o ne wo ks o asse s, knowledge and ins i u ions“. A key conside a ion in add essing he challenges associa ed wi h na u al haza ds in I an is how ci ies cope wi h and shi om sho - e m eme gency esponse o a long- e m adap a ion and ans o ma ion. Thus, he ques ion o whe he esilience hinking can engage mul iple s akeholde s and c ea e a common g ound o ac ion s ill needs o be in es iga ed. INCOR p ojec a gues ha in eg a ing basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) planning wi h disas e and isk managemen , as well as u ban planning and de elopmen can play a c i ical ole in shaping ci ies acing unexpec ed shocks. The in eg a ed o m o planning needs o ocus on p oac i e and u u e-o ien ed solu ions and c ea es common g ound o ac ion and implemen a ion. In addi ion, e icien disas e isk managemen is he unc ion o wo king ac oss a ious le els and us - based pa ne ship be ween s akeholde s and decision-make s. The e o e, he e is a i al need o os e in e na ional dialogue and coope a ion. In his ega d, due o he di e ences and simila i ies be ween Ge many and I an in he expe ience, haza d con ex and planning sys em o disas e isk educ ion (DRR), Resea ch and de elopmen (R & D) coope a ion leads o lea ning om and wi h each o he ha will esul in join ly de elop and implemen solu ions o disas e p e en ion, managemen and eco e y. Wi h he in en ion o con ibu ion o he Sendai F amewo k, he SDGs and he Habi a III he ou come o his wo kshops and he i s one in Cologne is he ull p ojec p oposal. The P oposal has been d a ed based on he local needs and beyond he cu en s a e o he science and implemen ed p ojec s in I an by p oposing a common g ound amewo k and om planning o ac ion. The gene al goal is o con ibu e o he Sendai F amewo k he SDGs Habi a III. The objec i es o he wo kshops included: • Iden i ica ion o coope a ion pa ne s and collabo a ion se up • Discussing and consolida ing he local needs and oppo uni ies o DRR in o de o de elop egion- speci ic and conc e e R & D solu ions o he key challenges in I an • Iden i ying and discussing he nex s eps abou he speci ic wo k o each pa ne in 3-yea p ojec 33 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 1.2 Wo kshops Ma e ials Se e al documen s we e de eloped o conduc he wo kshops. • Wo kshops Agendas: The wo kshops agendas a e included in Appendix A. • Pa icipan Lis s: The lis o all wo kshops pa icipan s a e included in Appendix B. • Wo kshops P esen a ions and Handou s: The wo kshops p esen a ions and handou s p o ided in o ma ion on IKARIM unding p og am by BMBF, INCOR con en (be o e and a e he wo kshops) and he pa icipan s’ expe ise and hei po en ial con ibu ion o INCOR. The p esen a ions and handou s used in he wo kshops a e sen o all pa icipan s. 1.3 INCOR: Unde lying Assump ion To ame he discussions, wo kshops pa icipan s we e p esen ed wi h in o ma ion on INCOR in gene al and BIS in pa icula . Then he componen o he esilience amewo k was p esen ed based on he ou comes o Cologne wo kshops. • INCOR: C ea ion and implemen a ion o inclusi e- esilien BIS. Why esilience and why inclusi e planning? • BIS: BIS consis o “deli e y o sa e wa e , sani a ion, was e managemen , social wel a e, anspo and communica ion acili ies, ene gy, heal h and eme gency se ices, schools, public sa e y, and he managemen o open spaces” (Habi a II). • The ou come o Cologne wo kshops: o Mul i haza d app oach: ea hquake, looding, landslide and haza dous acili ies o Scena ios: wo s case and low dis up i e e en as well as cascading e ec s o The analysis componen s wi h ega d o hei dependencies on in as uc u e:  Ci y le el: (eme gency managemen ins i u ions, u ban planning ins i u ions and in as uc u e ope a o s);  Buildings/si es le el ( i e depa men s, eme gency ope a ion cen e s, schools, hospi als, public buildings, e acua ion a eas and open spaces;  People ( esiden ial, mobile commu e s, e c.) o Resilience model: based on he imp o emen o exis ing de ini ions and disas e isk s udies based on a pa icipa o y app oach o Case s udies: Teh an (D1, D10 o D22) and Ka aj ci y as well as he daily lux o commu e s be ween he wo ci ies o Added alue: In o ma ion dissemina ion and pa icipa ion: modeling, oolbox o applica ion o iden i ied end use s (decision make s o people) o Moni o ing: A mechanism sys em o wha o do, how and by whom (demons a ions o ea ly success) 34 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Figu e 1: G oup pho o o he i s wo kshops se ies in Cologne; pho o c edi : Ms. Zoh eh Mousa ian 35 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 2 Wo kshops Discussions This sec ion summa izes he discussions o he i e-day wo kshops wi h he i e I anian pa ne s. The ollowing sec ions we e de eloped using pa icipan inpu s, discussions and eco ded no es. By design, se e al wo kshops a di e en ins i u ions we e held, in o de o enable he inclusion o as many expe s as possible, and in o de o ga he di e en ins i u ional pe spec i es, exis ing capabili ies and needs. 2.1 In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES) A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by IIEES expe s abou hei wo ks and p ojec s con ibu ing o DRR, i s , a model was p oposed: “Basic elemen s and algo i hms o esilience modeling o de elop a decision suppo ool in INCOR”. The p oposed model includes ype o haza ds, esilience ac o s, es ima ion o esilience, imp o emen measu es, and elemen s unde analysis (physical, social, economic, o ganiza ional and capaci y). Fo de ailed con en , please e e o he speci ic p esen a ion. Figu e 2: The p oposed esilience model by IIEES 36 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Nex , pa icipan s in ol ed in de eloping and designing o a p ima y model o a esilience oolbox as he ou come o he INCOR p ojec . The de elopmen o model as well as he oolbox has been based on he combina ion o exci ing knowledge on isk assessmen in I an. The added- alue o esilience assessmen in INCOR will be co-designed and assessed by pa icipa ion o all s akeholde s and expe s. Fo de ailed con en , please e e o he gi en handou and he speci ic p esen a ion. Then, all pa icipan s discussed abou he oles and esponsibili ies in INCOR based on IIEES idea as ollows: • P ojec co e membe s o Planning o Coo dina ion and supe ision o he p og ess o In eg a ion o he esul s o Sha ing in o ma ion and esul s o all pa ne s • Academic ins i u ions o Assessmen he con ibu ion o di e en elemen s o De eloping models (di e en componen s by di e en ins i u ion) o P epa ing necessa y algo i hms • Local au ho i ies o P o iding in o ma ion abou hei equi emen s o Implemen a ion he model o Applying he esul s and p o iding eedbacks • Assis ing Companies o De eloping so wa e o P o iding app op ia e echnologies o Da a ga he ing and p ocess Figu e 3: A chi ec u e o he esilience oolbox 37 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 2.2 School o U ban Planning, College o Fine A s, Uni e si y o Teh an (CoFA) A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by CoFAs’ p o esso s abou di e en ype o plans a di e en le el o de elopmen , u ban planning sys em in di e en scales, and land policies in I an he gaps and he needs o disas e esilience hinking in o planning we e discussed. In eg a ing o esilien -inclusi e hinking in o u ban planning can play a c i ical ole in shaping ci ies acing unexpec ed shocks and con lic s induced by na u al disas e s, and o ming a new planning sys em ha is mi iga ion-cen e ed and u u e-o ien ed ( esilien ), and g ounded in he alues (inclusi e). The summa y o he discussion is as below: • Need o ans o ma ion: Al hough seismic haza d mic o zoning map o I an has been de eloped o no only he p o inces bu also some me opoli an a eas and ci ies such as Teh an and Tab iz, exis ing planning sys em in di e en le els (spa ial plan, mas e plan, de ailed plan, ac ion plan and e i aliza ion plan) a e no haza d based, u u e o ien ed and designed based on p e en ion s a egies. • Need o an in eg a ed app oach: The lack o coope a ion and in eg a ion be ween he esponsible o ganiza ions o o mula ion o planning s a egies and policy making in he ield o DRR, u ban planning and en i onmen al s udies leads o o mula ion o planning s a egies and policy making in he con ex o u ban and en i onmen al s udies, cause con lic , duplica ion o inac i i y among s akeholde s and exis ing plans. • Need o pa icipa o y app oach: Public pa icipa ion and communi y-based app oach should ake in o conside a ion o gua an ee a success ul implemen a ion phase. This can be done by in es iga ion o he possible incen i es (pull and push ac o s) and p ope way o communica ions ( alue o los ) o engage people om he beginning. • Need o conc e e de ini ions: The e is no uni ied concep ual discou se o de ini ion on disas e esilience and inclusi e ci y in I an. Mo eo e , he e is no na ional de ini ion o speci ic elemen s o C i ical In as uc u es and Se ices. In his ega d, he e a e jus some in o ma ion abou CIs in he Passi e De ensi e (Pada and ghey eh amel) s a egies, which is no pa icula and clea . The e o e, CIs de ini ion should be cla i y based on in e na ional de ini ions and in he con ex o he p ojec . Figu e 4: G oup pho o a he IIEES in Teh an; pho o c edi : Ul Sie ke 38 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) 2.3 Teh an Disas e Mi iga ion and Managemen O ganiza ion (TDMMO) A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by TDMMO expe s abou hei p ojec s and ac i i ies on iden i ying Teh an expec ed na u al haza ds, ulne abili y assessmen s, enhancing u ban esilience, ac i i ies o isk assessmen and de elopmen o mi iga ion plan, gaps and expec a ions we e discussed. The ollowing gene al ecommenda ions we e made by TDMMO on how o e ec i ely de elop he p ojec p oposal: • Mul i-Haza d app oach • Haza d zona ion • Imp o ing exposu es iden i ica ion and modeling • P ecision and upda ing o ulne abili y assessmen s • Capaci y assessmen • P omo ing exis ing and ongoing isk modeling • Measu ing Teh an esiliency • Benchma king and e alua ion he e ec s o DRR measu es Figu e 5: Pho os a he CoFA in Teh an; pho o c edi : Ul Sie ke 39 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 The de ails o he discussion as well as he gaps and needs a e highligh ed in igu e 6. Mo eo e , he necessi y o de eloping a lood isk map o Teh an was highligh ed, in which he lash lood expe ience in Ge many, models and me hods can be compa ed wi h I anian ones as well as he needed cos s and esou ces. Figu e 6: The gaps and expec a ions de ined by TDMMO Figu e 7: Pho os a he TDMMO in Teh an; pho o c edi : TDMMO 40 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) 2.4 Ka aj Municipali y and Teh an Resea ch and Planning Cen e (TRPC) 2.4.1 Ka aj Municipali y A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by expe s a he Ka aj municipali y abou hei p ojec s and ac i i ies, main conce ns and gaps we e discussed as ollows: • Ka aj has he highes u ban g ow h a e du ing he ecen decades esul ing in high p essu e on CIs. The ci y is p one o ea hquake, looding, dus s o ms, landslide and land subsidence. The municipali y wan s o in eg a e DRM maps in o u ban planning. • Since he e a e many immig an s in he ci y, he cul u al and economic di e ences need o be conside ed in DRM and u u e egional s a egies. • Imbalanced g ow h and expansion o u ban a eas in he ci y as well as ma ginal se lemen s close o he ci y inc eased gap be ween cu en and expec ed le el o basic se ices and in as uc u es. • The in e dependency o wa e sys ems, anspo a ion ne wo ks and he lux o commu e s (day and nigh ime) be ween Teh an and Ka aj a e po en ial sou ces o p oblems and solu ions and is i al o conside ha in he u u e plans o ha e unc ional ci ies, pa icula ly a he ime o any des uc i e e en in each ci y. • The in o ma ion on buil en i onmen as well as po en ial haza ds and isk in Ka aj has been upda ed ecen ly and will be a ailable o he p ojec . Addi ionally, he esul s o he p ojec can be implemen ed and e i ied in he ci y a di e en scale, due o commi men o he all depu ies o he Ka aj municipali y in he p ojec . Figu e 8: G oup pho o a he Ka aj Municipali y in Ka aj; pho o c edi : Ul Sie ke 41 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 2.4.1 TRPC A e in oduc o y pa and gi en p esen a ion by TPRC expe s abou he exis ing and unde de elopmen plans, he discussion conduc ed as ollows: Q: Resilience is a new e m in u ban planning which con ex ualizing and i ing ha in planning can a ise con lic s. Why esilience and no sus ainable de elopmen ? Wha a e hei di e ences? A: Ci ies a e acing he inc easing numbe o haza ds and disas e . These wo concep s a e no con adic o y in u ban de elopmen p ocess bu esilience is u u e o ien ed based on isk analysis, lessons lea ned and expe ience. Inclusi eness is also ocuses on pa icipa o y planning. Q: Wha a e he p oblems in de eloping coun ies o conduc ing such p ojec s? A: Fo ins ance in Jaka a, Indonesia, we had a p ojec on lood ulne abili y assessmen . The a ge g oup was ishe men and low income class. The go e nmen wan ed o ha e a s a egy o eloca ing hose people om he lood p one zones o he buil communi y housing ou o he lood zone, which can p o ide hem be e quali y o li e. Since his s a egy was no o mula ed wi h he pa icipa ion o ha communi y, a e a while hey wen back o hei o me ype o housing nex o he coas . Ano he example in Indonesia, is " he las mile p oblem" which is a e m used o how o in o m people and ins i u ions o escue and elie . The e o e, based on hese wo expe iences we need o o ganize wo kshops o public pa icipa ion and di e en canoniza ions om he beginning. Q: We ha e lea ned ha he e a e many high quali y s udies on DRR in Teh an. How we can use hem in mas e plan? Wha a e he limi a ions and p oblems? How we can con ibu e? A: The e a e di e en plans, bu he p oblem is he en o cemen o implemen a ion. The agmen a ion in decision-making p ocess as well as exis ing co up ion and lobby-ism in skipping he egula ions make hose plans unsuccess ul. Q: In implemen a ion phase, land policies and enu e a e impo an o de eloping CIs. A e hese policies clea ? A: since land policies a e undamen al, he Minis y o Road and U ban De elopmen is e ising hem o wo di e en ype o ci ies (new owns and ci ies unde de elopmen ) based on c isis managemen and an in eg a ed app oach. Figu e 9: Pho os a he TRPC in Teh an; pho o c edi : TRPC 48 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Appendix B.1: Pa icipan Lis in Teh an (Main) Su name, Name Email A ilia ion Amini Hosseini, Kambod [email protected] In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES) Asadzadeh, Asad asad.asadzadeh@ h- koeln.de Uni e si y o Bonn Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo-in o ma ion (IGG) Ash iany, Mohsen mohsen.ash [email protected] om In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES) Basi a , Maysam mbasi a @u .ac.i TRPC Teh an Resea ch Planning Cen e Bege ow, Jacqueline jacqueline.bege ow@giz. de GIZ Global Ini ia i e Disas e Risk Managemen (GIKRM) Büdel, Ch is ian ch is ian.buedel@uni- wue zbu g.de Uni e si y o Wü zbu g Ins i u e o Geog aphy and Geology (UW) Feke e, Alex alexande . eke e@ h- koeln.de TH Köln -Uni e si y o Applied Sciences, Ins i u e o Rescue Enginee ing and Ci il P o ec ion Heyn, Timo heyn@empi ica- ins i u .de Empi ica AG Resea ch and Consul ing Hosseinioon,Solmaz solmaz.hosseinioon@gma il.com F eelance , Consul an Khazai, Bijan [email protected] Geophysical Ins i u e (GPI) Ka ls uhe Ins i u e o Technology Kö e , Theodo koe e @uni-bonn.de Uni e si y o Bonn Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo-in o ma ion (IGG) Mohseni, Adel [email protected] IGMC I an G id Managemen Co. Moghadas, Mahsa [email protected] bonn.de Uni e si y o Bonn Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo-in o ma ion (IGG) Noo y, Ali eza Ali eza.noo y@au .ac.i TRPC Teh an Resea ch Planning Cen e Os ad Taghizadeh, Abbas os ad [email protected] om Teh an Uni e si y o Medical Sciences (TUMS) Sadeghi, Ahmad [email protected] Teh an Disas e Mi iga ion and Managemen O ganiza ion (TDMMO) Sie ke , Ul sie ke @geopho odigi al. GeoPho o Digi al 49 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 de Voss, Ma in ma in. oss@ u-be lin.de FU Be lin Disas e Resea ch Uni (DRU) Wilde, Ma ina ma ina.wilde@uni- wue zbu g.de Uni e si y o Wü zbu g Ins i u e o Geog aphy and Geology (UW) Zeba das , Es andia zeba ds @u .ac.i Uni e si y o Teh an College o Fine A s (CoFA) 50 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Appendix B.2: I anian Pa icipan s in Teh an Wo kshops (Daily) 1s day a he IIEES P o Mohsen Ash inay, Ad iso , Ea hquake Eng. Resea ch Cen e , IIEES D Kambod Amini Hosseini, Risk Managemen Resea ch Cen e , RMRC, IIEES M Ali Bakh ia i: Na ional Disas e Managemen O ganiza ion, NDMO D Na ab Me ikhi: UN HABITAT D Laya Abbasi: UN HABITAT D Yasamin Izadkhah: RMRC, IIEES D Babak mansou i: Eme gency Managemen Dep ., RMRC, IIEES D Hooman Mo amed: RMRC, IIEES P o Mohammad Reza Ghayamghamian, RMRC, IIEES D Mo eza Bas ami: Ea hquake Eng. Resea ch Cen e , IIEES D Anooshi an Ansa i: Seismology Resea ch Cen e , IIEES D Eb ahim Haghshenas: Vice p esiden , IIEES D Mahmoud Hosseini: Ea hquake Eng. Resea ch Cen e , IIEES M Fa okh Pa sizadeh: RMRC, IIEES D Solmaz Hosseinioon: Resilience Expe M s Naimeh Go ahi: IIEES M Ami Cha oshy: Ph.D. candida e, IIEES D Mohammad Sasani: Ka aj Municipali y D Vahid Bahado an: Ka aj Municipali y D Mohsen Mojezi: TDMMO M Hesam Shamshi i: TDMMO Ms Sa a Keshani: TDMMO D . Ali eza Noo i: TPRC D . Maysam Basi a : TPRC D . Mana ee: TPRC 2nd day a he CoFA P o Ahmadi: U ban design P o Ke manshahi: T anspo a ion P o Aminzadeh: U ban design P o Pa si: Social s udies and u ban geog aphy P o Noo ain: GIS P o Azizi: Land policy and managemen , housing and in as uc u e D A e i: Enginee ing acul y, RS Sa a Keshani: TDMMO Vahid Bahado an: Ka aj Municipali y 51 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 3 d day a he TDMMO P o . Khankeh: Minis y o Heal h and Medical Educa ion Hesam Shamshi i: Haza d and c isis manage , TDMMO Fa emeh Saleh: Head o disas e mi iga ion and isk educ ion depu y, TDMMO Sa ah Keshni: Disas e isk educ ion, TDMMO Rahim No ouzi: Ea ly wa ning sys em, geologis , geophysicis , TDMMO Nima Na adegan: Ci il enginee , s uc u al enginee ing, TDMMO Mohsen Mojezi: Ci il enginee ing, EQ, TDMMO Guda z Gooda znia: Head o ICT, TDMMO Sakineh Mohammadi: In o ma ion manage , TDMMO Ms Sadeghi: GIS, TDMMO Shaboo Vazi pou : Head o p epa edness managemen , TDMMO Azizilah Salimi a i: Spa ial disas e managemen , TDMMO 4 h day a he Ka aj Municipali y M Ahmadi Pa goo: Depu y o U ban Planning, Ka aj Municipali y M Khodabandehloo: U ban Planning Dep ., Ka aj Municipali y M Ja ahe i: Technical O ice, U ban Planning Dep . M Baya : U ban Regula ion and Codes Dep ., Ka aj Municipali y M Bahado an: Head o Risk Managemen P ojec , Ka aj Municipali y D . Sasani: U ban Planning Dep ., Ka aj Municipali y D . A ash Malekian, Uni e si y o Teh an D Amini Hosseini: IIEES P o Ghayamgahmian: IIEES D Haghshenas: IIEES Ms Rakhshandeh: IIEES 4 h day a he TRPC Amin Sha iei: Social s udies Hashem A am: Social and cul u al planning Mahmoud Abyaneh: Public policy, CIs, mas e plan Noosha Dabi i Meh : Media, social s udies Mahdieh Omidi: U ban planne Bijan Ab ishami: ICT manage A ieh Talebi: Technical consul an o ci il p o ec ion Abdol eza Ka basi: En i onmen al s udies Ami Reza Ra iei: U ban design and planning Fe esh e Sheibani: In as uc u e managemen and u ban de elopmen 52 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Appendix B.3: Pa icipan Lis in Cologne Su name, Name Email A ilia ion Amini Hosseini, Kambod [email protected] In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES) Asadzadeh, Asad asad.asadzadeh@ h-koeln.de Uni e si y o Bonn Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo- in o ma ion (IGG) Ash iany, Mohsen mohsen.ash [email protected] In e na ional Ins i u e o Ea hquake Enginee ing and Seismology (IIEES) Die enbach, Vic o ic o .die enbach@smail. h- koeln.de TH Köln - Uni e si y o Applied Sciences, Ins i u e o Rescue Enginee ing and Ci il P o ec ion Feke e, Alex alexande . eke e@ h-koeln.de TH Köln -Uni e si y o Applied Sciences, Ins i u e o Rescue Enginee ing and Ci il P o ec ion Gus , Johnnes johannes.gus @p ee en .de PREEVENT Plan and Ope a ional Sa e y He zog, Ch is ophe ch is ophe .he zog.hh@gmail. com Hambu g Wasse Company Heyn, Timo heyn@empi ica-ins i u .de Empi ica AG Resea ch and Consul ing Hosseinioon,Solmaz [email protected] m F eelance , Consul an Kö e , Theo koe e @uni-bonn.de Uni e si y o Bonn Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo- in o ma ion (IGG) Moghadas, Mahsa [email protected] bonn.de Uni e si y o Bonn Ins i u e o Geodesy and Geo- in o ma ion (IGG) Mousa iun, Zoh eh zoh eh.mousa [email protected] m Independen Consul an Müggenbu g, E a e a.mueggenbu g@s eb- koeln.de Ci y D ainage Ope a ions Cologne GmbH Sandholz, Simone [email protected] Uni ed Na ions Uni e si y Bonn Ins i u e o En i onmen and Human Secu i y (UNU-EHS) Wannewi z, Mia wannewi [email protected] Uni ed Na ions Uni e si y Bonn Ins i u e o En i onmen and Human Secu i y (UNU-EHS) 53 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 Wilde, Ma ina ma ina.wilde@uni- wue zbu g.de Uni e si y o Wü zbu g Ins i u e o Geog aphy and Geology (UW) Zeba das , Es andia zeba ds @u .ac.i Uni e si y o Teh an College o Fine A s (COFA) 54 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) 5. Oppo uni ies o S eng hening he Ge man Con ibu ions o he Sendai F amewo k, he SDGs, and he New U ban Agenda. Repo om he Ge man-I anian Pa ne ship – P ojec INCOR Alexande Feke e, Asad Asadzadeh In oduc ion In an e a ha he isks and ulne abili ies induced by na u al haza ds a e globally ising and human communi ies a e expe iencing a mul i ude o high impac disas e s, he e is a g ea e need han e e be o e o esilience o ensu e ha ou communi ies a e able o an icipa e, abso b, eco e , and lea n quickly om ad e se e en s. Resilience is all abou dealing wi h change, adap ing and ans o ming in esponse o change, and has been he cen al ocus o in e na ional policy discou ses on disas e isk educ ion and managemen o e he pas decade (Simonsen e al. 2014; Cu e 2016). Whe he i is he Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion (UNISDR 2015), he Sus ainable De elopmen Goals (UNSDG 2015), he Addis Ababa Ac ion Agenda (Uni ed Na ions 2015), he Pa is Ag eemen (UNFCCC 2015) o he New U ban Agenda (UN-Habi a III 2016), esilience is a common cons uc in all amewo ks. This con e gence p esen s unp eceden ed oppo uni ies owa d ackling he ongoing o eme ging challenges in all coun ies and emphasizes he impo ance o esilience hinking and shi ing away om managing c ises o p oac i ely educing isks (IRDR 2017; Uni ed Na ions 2017). Fu he mo e, esilience hinking has he unp eceden ed capaci y o a ac a wide a ie y o global, egional and local s akeholde s o engage in disas e isk educ ion and managemen (Rocke elle Founda ion 2018; ICLEI 2018; Resileince Alliance 2018). While discou ses and discussions on esilience a e ongoing and e ol ing, hese global esilience ac o s highligh and call o he in eg a ed, mul i-le el, mul i-s akeholde , dynamic, and adap i e app oach o esilience a he global, na ional, and local le els (UN Habi a 2017). Fo ins ance, he IKARIM - In e na ional Disas e and Risk Managemen – call, announced by he Ge man Fede al Minis y o Educa ion and Resea ch (BMBF), aims a co-de eloping and implemen a ion o inno a i e and ac ion-o ien ed solu ions in he ields o disas e p e en ion, disas e managemen and es o a ion in o de o s eng hen he esilience wi hin selec ed A ican and Asian coun ies (BMBF 2017). While one goal is o s eng hen Ge many´s con ibu ion o achie e he Sendai goals in DRR, i also in ends o b idge he gap be ween ci il secu i y p og am solu ions and in e na ional insigh s on disas e isk educ ion and managemen . Wi hin he IKARIM call, INCOR – Basic In as uc u es and Se ices o Enhancing Inclusi e Communi y Disas e Resilience – p ojec ocuses on he ole o basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) in ad ancing and suppo ing communi y disas e esilience in I an. The impo ance o basic in as uc u es and se ices o disas e isk educ ion and esilience has been acknowledged in he Sendai F amewo k, SDGs, and he New U ban Agenda (Bha ia 2017). The e o e, he o e all goal o INCOR is o con ibu e o he pos – 2015 de elopmen amewo ks, especially o he Sendai F amewo k. This epo will indica e how INCOR can con ibu e o he Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion and o he global esilience amewo ks. The i s sec ion de ails he con ibu ion o INCOR’S idea o implemen ing he Sendai F amewo k. 55 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 The second sec ion examines how INCOR can con ibu e o implemen ing o he esilience amewo ks, namely he Sus ainable De elopmen Goals and he New U ban Agenda, and he hi d sec ion concludes. Sec ion 1: INCOR’s Con ibu ion o he Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk educ ion (SFDRR) The Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion (2015-2030) is he i s global policy amewo k o he Uni ed Na ions’ pos – 2015 agenda and he mos ele an in e na ional commi men owa d DRR (Ai si- Selmi e al. 2015). I is he main guiding amewo k o acili a ing in e na ional s a egies o disas e isk educ ion and esilience, as well as linking success ul na ional s a egies on disas e and isk educ ion o in e na ional challenges and oppo uni ies o DRR (Jo ano ić e al. 2016). The amewo k builds on i s p ocesso , he Hyogo F amewo k o Ac ion (2005-2015), and includes a s ong emphasis on disas e isk managemen (DRM), as opposed o disas e managemen (Hens a & This le hwai e 2017). In he educ ion o disas e isk as an expec ed ou come, a goal ocused on p e en ing new disas e isk, educing exis ing isk, and s eng hening esilience, as well as including p ima y esponsibili y o p e en ing and educing disas e isk wi h all-o -socie y and all-o -s a e ins i u ions engagemen (UNISDR 2018a). The Sendai F amewo k’s cen al goal is “ he subs an ial educ ion o disas e isk and losses in li es, li elihoods and heal h in he economic, physical, social, cul u al and en i onmen al asse s o pe sons, businesses, communi ies and coun ies”. Unde pinning his, he F amewo k includes se en global a ge s and ou P io i ies o Ac ion o membe s a es (see ables 1 and 2). Global p og ess on he implemen a ion o he Sendai F amewo k is measu ed h ough an online moni o ing sys em, which was launched in Ma ch 2018 in Bonn, Ge many and p o ides an online pla o m o Membe S a es o epo on p og ess agains he se en global a ge s and 38 indica o s (UNISDR 2018b). INCOR Alignmen wi h he Sendai F amewo k As no ed, he o e all goal o INCOR is o con ibu e he Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion (SFDRR - Sendai Ta ge s A-F, especially o Goal D on in as uc u e). The a ge D aims a “subs an ially educe disas e damage o c i ical in as uc u e and dis up ion o basic se ices, and inc easing and de eloping hei esilience by 2030” (UNISDR 2015). The Sendai F amewo k e e s o c i ical in as uc u e in P io i y o Ac ion 4 as accoun ing o “wa e , anspo a ion and elecommunica ions in as uc u e, educa ional acili ies, hospi als, and o he heal h acili ies”. Fu he mo e, c i ical in as uc u es a e de ined as “ he physical s uc u es, acili ies, ne wo ks and o he asse s which p o ide se ices ha a e essen ial o he social and economic unc ioning o a communi y o socie y” (UNISDR 2017). They a e inc easingly conside ed as he undamen al enabling o ce and deli e y ehicle o esilien u ban a eas (UN-Habi a 2015), which gua an ee he p epa edness and eco e y le el o u ban communi ies in ime o an ad e se e en (Se a inelli e al. 2017; Woi sch e al. 2018; Feke e 2018). The e o e, INCOR will ocus on basic in as uc u es and se ices (BIS) as an ins umen o suppo and ad ance communi y disas e esilience in he con ex o na u al haza ds and con ibu e o he Sendai F amewo k h ough deli e ing insigh s om he case s udies in I an, namely megaci ies o Teh an and Ka aj. Table 1 demons a es how INCOR inds i s isions and missions in alignmen wi h he Sendai F amewo k Global Ta ge s. 56 Feke e, A, Asadzadeh, A & Moghadas, M (Eds.) Table 1: INCOR Con ibu ions o he Sendai Global Ta ge s and i s main Indica o s - O e iew Sendai F amewo k Global Ta ge s Po en ial Indica o s (INCOR Po olio) Ta ge A: Subs an ially educe global disas e mo ali y by 2030, aiming o lowe a e age pe 100,000 global mo ali y be ween 2020-2030 com- pa ed wi h 2005- 2015 Numbe o dea hs caused by di e en haza d scena ios (high, medium, low ea hquake and lood scena ios) Numbe o dea hs based on age, sex, disabili y, e c. Numbe o dea hs based on loca ion o esidence (u ban dis ic s, neighbo hoods) Numbe o dea hs caused by dis up ion o c i ical in as uc u es and hei se ices Ta ge B: Subs an ially educe he numbe o a ec ed people globally by 2030, aiming o lowe he a e age global igu e pe 100,000 be ween 2020-2030 compa ed wi h 2005-2015. Numbe o inju ed o disable popula ion based on di e en haza d scena ios and place o esidence To al numbe o people ha need o be e acua ed and eloca ed in each haza d scena ios as well as he place o esidence Numbe o esiden ial building ha can be des oyed, damaged Numbe o people ha can be a ec ed due o dis up ion o basic in as uc u es and se ices Numbe o popula ion ha would need eme gency needs based on each haza d scena ios and place o esidence Ta ge C: Reduce di ec disas e economic loss in ela ion o global GDP by 2030 To al economic losses caused by damage o physical asse s such as housing, educa ional acili ies, heal h, ene gy, powe lines, elecommunica ion, anspo a ion in each haza d scena ios and place o esidence Ta ge D: Subs an ially educe dis as e damage o c i ical in as uc u e and dis up ion o basic se ices, among hem heal h and educa ion- al acili ies, including h ough de eloping hei esilience by 2030. Spa ial analysis o exposu e o haza ds o basic in as uc u es (including heal h, educa ional, anspo a ion, wa e , and powe line) Vulne abili y analysis o basic in as uc u es as well as hei in e dependencies, cascading, Analyzing oppo uni ies and limi s o ad ancing analysis by including Volun ee ed Geog aphic In o ma ion (VGI) Ta ge E: Subs an ially inc ease he numbe o coun ies wi h na ional and local disas e isk educ ion s a egies by 2020. De eloping place-based solu ions o basic in as uc u e and se ices ha is mi iga ion-cen e ed and ensu es i nclusi eness, as well as implemen a ion o indings in wo I anian megaci ies Analyzing he oppo uni ies and limi a ion o In eg a ing esilience hinking in o exis ing u ban planning p ocess (mas e and de ailed plan) Conduc ing gap analysis o exis ing disas e isk models and esilience in he case s udy a eas o a oid duplica ion and ha ing added alues 57 In eg a i e Risk and Secu i y Resea ch Volume 2/ 2019 Sendai F amewo k Global Ta ge s Po en ial Indica o s (INCOR Po olio) Ta ge F: Subs an ially enhance in e na ional coope a ion o de eloping coun ies h ough adequa e and sus ainable suppo o complemen hei na ional ac ions o implemen a ion o his amewo k by 2030 Co-ope a ion wi h Ge man-I anian pa ne ship, join wo kshops ( wice a yea ), s a exchange, join pape esul ed om di e en wo k-packages o INCOR, holding he 8 h in e na ional con e ence on seismology and ea hquake (SEE) by IIEES, om 11-13 No embe 2019 in Teh an. Ta ge G: Subs an ially inc ease he a ailabili y o and access o mul i- haza d ea ly wa ning sys ems and disas e isk in o ma ion and assessmen s o he people by 2030. S eng hening con ex -speci ic isk assessmen s, in o ma ion, which a e open access and easy o communica e wi h all end use s. To encou age he adap a ion o DRR p inciples, he Sendai F amewo k p oposes a se o ou p io i ies o ac ion ha pa e he way o he success ul implemen a ion o disas e isk educ ion and managemen . Table 2 indica es hese p io i ies, exis ing challenges, and how INCOR will con ibu e o mee ing he Sendai F amewo k o Disas e Risk Reduc ion in I an. Table 2: Sendai F amewo k P io i ies o Ac ion and INCOR’s Alignmen s Sendai F amewo k P io i ies o Ac ion INCOR Alignmen and Con ibu ions P io i y 1: Unde s anding disas e isk Challenges: Di e en ype and sou ces o isk in o ma ion including exposu e, haza d cha ac e is ics, and ulne abili y da a Lack o open isk in o ma ion and communica ion (e.g., lack o digi aliza ion and collabo a i e pla o m o ad ancing isk analy ics o pe o mance op imiza ion, moni o ing, cos -bene i analysis as well as ulne abili ies assessmen ) Lack o s anda dized assessmen amewo ks o isk measu emen Oppo uni ies: S eng hening e idence-based and con ex -speci ic isk assessmen s, in o ma ion, and communica ion ha a e up o da ed and open da a o all end-use s ( he high capaci y o IIEES) De eloping in eg a ed, s anda dized (hyb id), mul i-haza d and scale (u ban- u al), collabo a i e (I an-Ge many), and echnically p o icien (geospa ial-based) isk assessmen amewo k. 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