Co esponding au ho : Aak i i As hana
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Jalapippali (Phyla nodi lo a): The hidden ayu edic elixi o heal h and wellness
Aak i i As hana * and Monika Tyagi
Depa men o D a yaguna Vigyana, Ayu edic and Unani Tibbia College, Ka ol Bagh, Delhi-05, India.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(01), 3663-3673
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 07 Ma ch 2025; e ised on 23 Ap il 2025; accep ed on 25 Ap il 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.26.1.1316
Abs ac
The inc easing demand o sa e , mo e sus ainable al e na i es o chemical-based medicines has p omp ed signi ican
in e es in plan -de i ed bioac i e compounds, which a e known o possess a wide ange o he apeu ic p ope ies.
Among hese, Phyla nodi lo a (L.) is he one, a medicinal plan commonly called Jalapippali used in Ayu eda, Siddha,
and adi ional Sou heas Asian medicine. I belongs o he Ve benaceae amily. I g ows in opical and sub opical
egions wo ldwide and is alued o i s abundan he apeu ic p ope ies, mainly o ea skin diseases, e e , cough,
wounds, and in lamma ion, e en diabe es.
Jalapippali is e e enced in se e al Nighan us o Ayu eda. Al hough he e a e ew men ions in Ayu eda B iha ayee,
mos Nighan us ha e emphasized i s medicinal alue o e ime. E en he oldes Nighan u, Dhan an a i Nighan u,
men ions i . Many expe s sugges ha he plan is ich in a ious impo an medicinal compounds such as nodi lo in,
nodi lo e in, lippi lo ins, e c. While mode n esea ch has explo ed i s p ope ies, clinical s udies emain sca ce.
Gi en i s di e se medicinal po en ial, Phyla nodi lo a wa an s g ea e a en ion om he scien i ic communi y. Fu u e
esea ch ocusing on i s pha macological p ope ies, bioa ailabili y, and he apeu ic applica ions could pa e he way
o i s in eg a ion in o mode n medicine. Enhancing public awa eness and p omo ing i s u iliza ion h ough alida ed
s udies may con ibu e o unlocking i s ull medicinal po en ial.
Keywo ds: Jala pippali; Lippia nodi lo a; Phyla nodi lo a; Bakkun boo i; Ve benaceae
1. In oduc ion
The iches o humani y lie in medicinal he bs. India o e s a solid ounda ion o he use o se e al plan s in bo h gene al
heal hca e and disease elie due o i s mega-biodi e si y and expe ise in ich adi ional medicine, o Ayu eda. Many
Ayu edic medica ions a e eally help ul, ye he main s akeholde s a e unawa e o hem. Jala Pippali is one o hem,
being eadily a ailable and pha macologically impo an . The mos impo an Bha p akash nighan u o ayu eda has
desc ibed jalapippali as H idya, Chaksushya, Malasang ahi, Ruchika , Agni a dhak, Daha, V ana nashaka[7,14]. The
mode n esea ch also highligh ed jalapippali as an idiabe ic, hypo ensi e, an ioxidan , an icance ous, hepa op o ec i e,
e c. [Table 6] The plan known as Jalapippali, o Phyla nodi lo a, belongs o he Ve benaceae amily and is ound along
i e sides, lakes, and o he eshwa e bodies in he majo i y o Indian s a es [1]. Jalapippali is e iewed o i s a ailable
e e ences in his s udy, pa icula ly in Ayu edic ex s, e hnobo anical usage, and associa ed s udies. The p esen s udy
aims o highligh i s signi icance in he medicinal wo ld, and which may p o e ui ul o human socie y.
2. Ma e ials and Me hods
Jalapippali's li e a y e iew and he apeu ic applica ions we e examined h ough classical li e a u e such as he
Cha aka Samhi a, Sush u a Samhi a, Ash anga Sang aha & Ash anga H idaya as well as om nighan us like Raja
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Nighan u, Dhan an a i Nighan u, Bha p akash Nighan u, Shodhal Nighan u, Madanpal Nighan u, Kaide Nighan u,
Shalig am Nighan u, and Bhaishajya Ra na ali, E-Nighan u, and essays published in a a ie y o pe iodicals. The
bo anical ex s we e also examined.
3. Resul
As we know, Jalapippali has been men ioned in a ious Ayu edic classical ex s o i s di e se pha macological
p ope ies. He e is a compila ion o all i s e e ences ac oss di e en classical ex s.
Table 1 Re e ence o Jalapippali in B iha ayee
S.No.
Samhi a
Re e ence
Con ex
1.
Sush u a Samhi a [9]
Nibhanda Sang ah Vyakya by Dalhana
S.S.Su.38/18
D a ya sang ahaneeya adyaya, Su asadigana
S.S.Chi. 4/32
Va a yadi chikis a , Kalyanaka la ana
2.
Cha aka Samhi a [8]
Ayu ed Deepika by Chak apanida a
C. S.Su.27/171
Annapana idhi adhyaya , Ha i a a ga
3.
As anga Sang aha [10]
Shashilekha Vyakya by Indu
A.S.U .10/22
Apasma a p a isheda adhyaya, V ischikadi a i
Table 2 Classi ica ion o Jalapippali in Nighan us
S.No
Nighan u
Va ga
1.
Dhanwan a i Nighan u[4,5]
Ka a ee adi a ga
2.
Shodal Nighan u[11]
Ka a ee adi a ga
3.
Madanapal Nighan u[13]
Abhayadi a ga
4.
Raja Nighan u[6,14]
Sha ahwadi a ga
5.
Kaiyade a Nighan u[15]
Aushadhi a ga
6.
Bha ap akasha Nighan u[7,16]
Guduchyadi a ga
7.
Shaliig am Nighan u[17]
Guduchyadi a ga
8.
Madha a D a yaguna[18]
Vi idhoushadi a ga
9.
Siddaman a Nighan u[19]
T idoshagna a ga
10.
Nighan u Shesh [12]
Gulma kanda
11.
Ada sha Nighan u[20]
Ni gundyadi a ga
12.
Pa ayaya Ra namala[2]
Jalapippali
13.
Nighan u Ra naka [3]
Jalapippali
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Table 3 Synonyms in Di e en Classsical Tex s
S.No.
Nighan us
Synonyms
1.
Dhanwan a i Nighan u[4,5]
Ma saydani, Ma saygandha, Langali, Toyapippali, Shaa adi, Shakuladani
2.
Madanapal Nighan u[13]
Toyapippali, Kancha , Ambu alli, Paloo
3.
Raja Nighan u[6,14]
Maha ash i, Shaa adi, Toyapippali, Shakuladani, Langali, Machadani,
Machagandha, Agnijwala, Chi apa i, P aanada, T inshi a, Bahushikha
4.
Kaiyade a Nighan u[15]
Toyapippali, Shaa adi, Shakuladani, Laangali, Ma saydani, Ma saygandha,
Kancha , Gandupadi, Toya alli
5.
Bha ap akasha
Nighan u[7,16]
Shaa adi, Shakuladani, Laangali
6.
Shaliig am Nighan u[17]
Shaa adi , Shakuladani, Ma saygandha
7.
Siddaman a Nighan u[19]
Shaa adi , Shakuladani, Langali, Toyapippali, Ma saydani, Ma saygandha
8.
Nighan u Shesh[12]
Shaa adi , Shakuladani, Ma saydani, Ma saygandha, Langali, Toyapippali
9.
Pa ayaya Ra namala[2]
Shaa adi , Shakuladani, Langali, Toyapippali
Table 4 Pha macological ac ions men ioned in di e en Nighanus
S.No.
Nighan u
Pha macological Ac ion
1.
Kaiyade a Nighan u[15]
H idya, Chaksushya, Va a a dhak, Ruchika , Agni a dhak, Daha, V ana, Rak a-
ika nashaka
2.
Bha ap akasha
Nighan u[7,16]
H idya, Chaksushya, Malasang ahi, Ruchika , Agni a dhak, Daha, V ana nashaka
3.
Shalig am Nighan u[17]
H idya, Chaksushya, Mala odhak, Ruchika , Agni a dhak, Suk a janak, Daha,
V ana nashaka
4.
Dhanwan a i Nighan u[4,5]
Swasa, Rak a- ika , Visaha a, Daha, Bh am, Mu cha, T ishna nashaka
K iminashaka
5.
Madanapala Nighan u[13]
H idya, Chaksushya, Suk al, Sang ahi, Daha, V ana nashaka
6.
Raja Nighan u[6,14]
Mukha sodhaka, V ana, Visa ha a
7.
Ada sha Nighan u[20]
P emeha nashaka, Mu a- ika nashaka
8.
Kalpad uma Nighan u[21]
H idya, Chaksushya, Suk a-janak, Daha, Rak a- ika nashaka
9.
Madha a D a yaguna[18]
Kapha a aha a
10.
Shodala Nighan u[11]
H idya, Rochana, Deepana, G ahi ,
Hikka, Kasa, Visha, Swasa, Pa shwa uk, K iminashana
11.
Nighan u Ra naka [3]
Akshi hi a, Ruchya, Pi a isaa nashni, Swas- id- isha-daha-a i-bh am-mu cha-
jwa apaha, Ras dosha ha , Mukhshudhika , H idya, Rak a dosha apaha
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Figu e 1 Whole jalapippali plan
3.1. Plan Desc ip ion [1]
• La in name: Phyla nodi lo a (L.) G een
• Family: Ve benaceae
• Synonyms: Lippia nodi lo a (L.) A. Rich
• Ve nacula names
o English : Pu ple Lippia
o Hindi : Jalpipali, Panisigaa, Bhuioka aa
o Guj a i : Ra a eliyo
o Bengali : Bukkana, Kaanchadaa
o Kannada : Nelahippali
o Malayalam : Ni ippali, Podu alai (Siddha)
o Ma a hi : Jalpippali, Ra a el
o Tamil : Po u ali
o Telugu : Bokkena
• Habi a - A small c eeping pe ennial he b ound commonly in sandy, we , g assy places along bunds o
i iga ion channels, canal edges, and i e banks almos h oughou he g ea e pa o India and up o 900 m
on he hills.
• Mac oscopic ea u es
o Roo - Fib ous, b anched, b own in colou 2 o 10 cm in leng h and 1.0 o 1.5 mm in diame e ; nodal
oo s a e smalle , 0.5 o 1.0 cm in leng h, and unb anched. ( igu e 1)
o S em - Much b anched, subquad angula , 1 o 2 mm in diame e , oo ing a nodes, mo e o less
clo hed wi h app essed, wo-a med, whi e hai s when seen unde 10x, b ownish-g een,leng h o
in e node 5.0 o 9.0 cm.
o Lea - Opposi e, sub-sessile, 1.5 o 3.7 cm long and 1 o 2 cm b oad, spa hula e, cunea e a he base,
deeply and sha ply se a e in he uppe pa , app essed by wo a med, minu e whi e hai s on bo h
sides. ( igu e 3)
o Flowe - Sessile, densely packed in long peduncula e axilla y spikes, ma u e ones 1.0 o 2.0 cm long
and 0.4 o 0.5 cm b oad, lowe ing densely, becoming oblong du ing ui ing; peduncles 2.5 o 7.5 cm
long, b ac s abou 2.5 mm long, b oadly ellip ic o obo a e, cunea e a base , whi e o ligh pink,
bilipped; s amens 4, didynamous, an he s 2-celled; o a y supe io , bica pella y; s yle sho , s igma
oblique, subcapi a e. ( igu e 2)
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o F ui - Small, 1.5 o 2.0 mm long, globose, oblong, spli ing in o wo 1-seeded planocon ex py enes;
seeds exalbuminous, abou 1 mm in size.
• Pa Use – Whole plan
• Impo an Fo mula ions - Akika Pis i , Akika Bhasma
• Dose - 2 o 3 g powde ,
o 1/2 o 2 ml juice
• Cons i uen s - Fla onoids namely nodi lo in A and nodi lo in B, nodi lo e in, & lippi lo ins A and B.
PROPERTIES[16]
Rasa
Ka u , Tik a , Kashaya
Guna
Ruksha , Tikshna
Vi ya
Shi a
Vipaka
Ka u
Figu e 2 Flowe o jalapippali
Figu e 3 Lea es o jalapippali
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Table 5 E hnomedicinal uses o Jalapippali (Phyla nodi lo a)
S.No.
Plan Pa Used
Fo m
Mode o
adminis a ion
E hnomedicinal Uses and The apeu ics
1.
Lea [23]
juice
Ex e nally
Dand u , lea juice mixed and boiled wi h an equal
olume o gingelly oil, is applied wice a week on he head.
2.
Flowe s, Lea es,
o Roo s [45]
C ude
In e nally
O al h ush (chewed and spi ou )
3.
Whole Plan [46
C ude
In e nally
Ne ous diso de s, cons ipa ion, eczema, hea s oke,
heuma oid a h i is, gono hea, pain, spasms.
4.
Lea and s em
[46]
C ude
In e nally
Dizziness, headache, e e , & back pain due o a all o
heuma ic pain.
5.
Whole Plan [47]
C ude
In e nally
Common cold
6.
Whole Plan [48]
C ude
In e nally
Jaundice
7.
Whole plan [49]
Pas e and
juice
Ex e nally
Pas e o boils, swollen ce ical glands, and ch onic
indolen ulce s. The juice is o bleeding gums.
8.
S em and Lea
[50]
Pas e
Ex e nally
Headache (Fo ehead)
9.
Young S em [50]
Pas e
Ex e nally
B oken bones
10.
Whole Plan [51]
Decoc ion
Ex e nally
Skin ashes
11.
Lea es and Roo s
[52]
Ex ac
In e nally
An ibac e ial
12.
Whole Plan [53]
Pas e
In e nally
Cu e ulce s, bu ning mic u i ion, and as hma.
13.
Whole Plan [54]
Poul ice
Ex e nally
Boils
14.
Tende s alks
and
Lea es [54]
In usion
In e nally
Use ul in indiges ion in child en and a e pa u i ion in
women
15.
Lea es and F ui s
[54]
Pas e
In e nally
In e nal Piles
Table 6 Resea ches on Pha macological P ope ies
S.No.
P ope ies
Resea ches
1.
An imic obial Ac i i y
Bacillus sub ilis, S aphylococcus epide midis, and S aphylococcus au eus we e all
e ec i ely inhibi ed by Phyla nodi lo a e hyl ace a e and chlo o o m ac ions. [28]
Compa ing he e hanol ex ac o pe oleum e he and aqueous ex ac , he p esence o
bioac i e chemicals esul ed in subs an ial an ibac e ial ac i i y. [36]
The essen ial oils o his plan exhibi ed an imic obial p ope ies. [37]
2.
An i-in lamma o y
Ac i i y
A 100 and 200 mg/kg bw, Lippia nodi lo a aqueous ex ac demons a ed an i-
in lamma o y ac ion in mice wi h paw edema p oduced by ca ageenan (p<0.01).
Ne e heless, nei he dose o he e hanolic ex ac s p oduced any an i-in lamma o y
bene i s. [27]
An i-in lamma o y and an i-neocep i e ac i i ies o me hanolic ex ac o Lippia
nodi lo a Linn we e also seen. [41]
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3.
An ioxidan Ac i i y
Shukla e al. assessed he me hanol ex ac o L. nodi lo a o o al phenolic con en ,
an ioxidan , and ee adical sca enging ac i i y. The s udy ela ed he an ioxidan
ac i i y o he ex ac o he p esence o la onoid. [29]
4.
An iu oli hia ic
Ac i i y
The Phyla nodi lo a Linn e hanolic ex ac was es ed agains a die ha p oduced
calculi. The s udy clea ly shows ha P. nodi lo a has an an iu oli hia ic e ec agains
he mos p e alen ype o enal s ones, which a e calcium oxala e- ype s ones. [24]
5.
Hepa op o ec i e
Ac i i y
The ac i i y o me hanol ex ac o Lippia nodi lo a (MELN) was compa ed wi h
s anda d d ug silyma in (25 mg/kg), which is a well-known na u al an i-hepa o oxic
d ug, and he po ency o MELN is mo e o less he same as ha o silyma in. I is
concluded ha MELN possesses good hepa op o ec i e ac i i y, p obably by i s
an ioxida i e po en ial on hepa ocy es. [42]
In his s udy, i showed ha Lippia nodi lo a educed eac i e oxygen species (ROS)
p oduc ion agains lipopolysaccha ides induced oxici y on HepG2 cells and he eby
dec eased he apop o ic gene exp ession and p o ec ed he li e cells agains oxici y.
[43]
6.
Hypo ensi e Ac i i y
The me hanol ex ac o Lippia nodi lo a a doses o 200 and 400 mg/kg shows a signi ican
inc ease in he olume o u ine in a s. This s udy sugges s ha he ac i e componen (s) in
MELN had a simila diu e ic e ec o ha o usemide.[44]
7.
An idiabe ic Ac i i y
S ep ozo ocin (STZ)-induced diabe ic a s we e used in he cu en wo k o es he
an idiabe ic po en ial o γ-si os e ol, which was ex ac ed om Lippia nodi lo a. In
isola ed a isle s, he esponse o insulin p oduc ion o glucose was assessed. In a s
wi h STZ-induced diabe es, o al γ-si os e ol (20 mg/kg body weigh ) gi en once daily
o 21 days signi ican ly inc eased plasma insulin le els, body weigh , and ood in ake
while signi ican ly lowe ing blood glucose and glycosyla ed hemoglobin. [25]
O al adminis a ion o γ-si os e ol (20 mg/kg body weigh ) once daily o 21 days in
STZ-induced diabe ic a s esul ed in a signi ican dec ease in blood
glucose and glycosyla ed hemoglobin wi h a signi ican inc ease in plasma insulin
le el, body weigh , and ood in ake. [22]
8.
An icance Ac i i y
Wi h an IC50 alue o 47.5 μg/ml, he aqueous lea ex ac o P. nodi lo a demons a ed
s ong an ip oli e a i e ac i i y agains he HepG2 cance cell line. The Ac idine
O ange/E hidium B omide assay was used o measu e he inc eased apop o ic
po en ial o HepG2 cells in a concen a ion-dependen manne . The aqueous lea
ex ac o Phyla nodi lo a has been ound o ha e he po en ial o an icance ,
an ibac e ial, and an ioxidan p ope ies. [38]
By dys egula ing he exp ession o cell cycle egula o s such as CDKs and cyclins, all
ex ac s dis up ed he cell cycle a he S phase. Acco ding o ou esea ch, P. nodi lo a
supp esses MCF-7 cells by causing apop osis and al e ing he cell cycle.[39]
Acco ding o MTT esul s, all o he ex ac s inhibi ed MCF7 cells, wi h IC50 alues
anging om 90 o 120 μg/ml. DNA ladde ing was obse ed in ea ed cells' ex ac ed
DNA, indica ing he p esence o apop osis.[40]
9.
An i-hype lipidemic
Ac i i y
In s ep ozo ocin (STZ)-induced diabe ic a s, γ-si os e ol had an ihype lipidemic
ac i i y as demons a ed by a signi ican dec ease in blood o al choles e ol,
iglyce ides, and e y low densi y lipop o ein-choles e ol le els, as well as an inc ease
in high densi y lipop o ein-choles e ol le els. When compa ed o diabe ic con ol a s,
γ-si os e ol ea men signi ican ly educed he ac i i y o alanine amino ans e ase,
aspa a e amino ans e ase, alkaline phospha ase, and acid phospha ase, sugges ing
ha i p o ec s agains li e damage.[34]
10.
Neu opha macological
Ac i i y
Acco ding o he indings, mice exhibi ed no able cen al inhibi o y (seda i e),
an icon ulsan , and anxioly ic e ec s om Lippia nodi lo a's e hanolic ex ac a o al
dosages o 250 and 500 mg/kg as well as i s chlo o o m ex ac a a highe dose o 500
mg/kg. A bo h dosage le els (250 and 500 mg/kg o ally), he plan 's pe oleum e he
ex ac did no esul in any cen al e ec s. [30]
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11.
An imelanogenic
Ac i i y
The an i-melanogenesis p ope ies o he Phyla nodi lo a ae ial pa 's me hanolic
ex ac we e in es iga ed. The indings demons a ed ha he ex ac was no cy o oxic
and ha i conside ably dec eased y osinase ac i i y and cellula melanin
concen a ion in a dose-dependen manne (p < 0.05).[32]
12.
E ec on hai g ow h
When compa ed o a nega i e con ol, he opical applica ion o gel con aining ex ac s
o E. alba and L. nodi lo a alone and in combina ion d ama ically accele a ed he a e
o hai g ow h.[31]
13.
An idand u ac i i y
The disc di usion assay was used o in es iga e he an idand u p ope ies o he
e hanolic ex ac and isola ed subs ance o Lippia nodi lo a and Eclip a alba. Using a
s e ile co on swab, a suspension con aining 5× 106 CFU/ml o he dand u -causing
o ganism (Malassezia u u ) was applied o he su ace o he s e ile SDA pla es. The
seeded SDA pla es we e asep ically co e ed wi h s e ile il e pape discs imp egna ed
wi h he sepa a ed chemical dosages (25 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml) and e hanolic ex ac
(250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml) pe disc. The indings demons a ed ha he isola ed
Lippia nodi lo a componen and all e hanolic ex ac concen a ions had an e ec on
he Malassezia u u .[33]
14.
E ec on blood clo ing
Blood coagula ion is g ea ly accele a ed by Lippia nodi lo a e hanol ex ac a doses o
100 mg/kg (p<0.05) and 200 mg/kg (p<0.01). The e hanolic ex ac 's e ec seemed o
be dose-dependan . Bu a bo h dosages, he aqueous ex ac had no disce nible impac
on blood clo ing ime.[35]
4. Discussion
As we may see, he e a e abundan uses o jala pippali men ioned in classical ex s like he oldes Dhanwan a i nighan u
, he amous Bha p akash nighan u, and also many esea ches ha suppo ed hem. E en he pha macological ac i i ies
ha ha en’ e en been men ioned a e also p o en by esea ch, bu he e a e many ha ha e been men ioned bu s ill
no p o en by s udies. Such ac i i ies o he d ug need o be explo ed wisely.
• Nighan us: Almos all he Nighan us ha e men ioned he plan Jalapippali, e en he oldes Nighan u,
Dhaanwan a i Nighan u. Nighan us has highligh ed i s he apeu ic alues as uses in blood diso de s, wounds,
bu ning sensa ions, dia hea, indiges ion, as hma, b onchi is, cough, an ipy e ic, an idiabe ic, an ihelmin ic,
spe me ogenic, an idelusional, ca diop o ec i e, u ine diso de s, an ido es, e c., and is p ac iced by mos o
he adi ional sys ems o medicine o he same.
The plan shows many pha macological ac i i ies. I shows an ioxidan and ee adical sca enging ac i i y. The plan is
ha ing signi ican an imic obial, an i-in lamma o y, an i-diu e ic, an i-u oli hia ic, an imelanogenic,
an ihype lipidemic, an icance , an idiabe ic, hypo ensi e, hepa op o ec i e, e c. ac i i ies. I s signi icance is also ound
in Unani medicine and he Chinese sys em o medicine.
Al hough almos all p ope ies o jalapippali men ioned in classical ex s ha e been p o en h ough esea ch. Howe e ,
spe ma ogenic ac i i y needs o be paid a en ion o, as i may p o e e y ui ul o human socie y .
5. Conclusion
Due o i s global dis ibu ion, he plan L. nodi lo a is eadily a ailable and has been u ilized widely o a a ie y o
medical condi ions. The majo i y o he Nighan us ha e emphasized he plan 's medicinal quali ies, despi e he ac ha
Jalapippali is ba ely men ioned in he B iha ayees. Nume ous s udies indica e i s pha macological signi icance, bu
he e a en' many co obo a ing clinical in es iga ions. As a esul , Jalapippali is a signi ican plan , and mo e clinical
esea ch on i s po en ial he apeu ic bene i s should be done.
Compliance wi h e hical s anda ds
Disclosu e o con lic o in e es
The au ho s decla e ha he e a e no inancial o pe sonal ela ionships ha could ha e appea ed o in luence he wo k
epo ed in his pape .
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(01), 3663-3673
3671
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