Maximum likelihood me hod [3]:
Sky model: iso opic + ca alog
•Fishe adius Θ, (Ψ = 1.59Θ)
•Signal ac ion, 𝛼.
Hyb id de ec o :
1660 Ce enko anks (SD)
27 Fluo escense elescopes (FD)
Loca ion: Mala gue, A gen ina
La i ude: −35.2∘, A ea: 3000 km2
Unde upg ade wi h scin ila o
de ec o s and adio an ennas
Scan:
Ene gy h eshold: 32 EeV o 80 EeV
Top-ha window adius, Ψ:1∘ o 30∘
Me hod [2]:
Binomial p obabili y o measu ing he numbe o
e en s, 𝑁𝑜𝑏𝑠 , inside he window, compa ed o
he mean numbe o e en s expec ed om
iso opic simula ions, 𝑁𝑒𝑥𝑝.
Pie e Auge
Obse a o y [1]
A i al Di ec ion S udies o Ul a-High-Ene gy
Cosmic Rays De ec ed by he Pie e Auge Obse a o y
B uno Lago o he Pie e Auge Collabo a ion –CEFET/RJ –UnED Pe ópolis
SD
FD
Rayleigh analysis in
igh ascen ion (𝑬 ≥ 𝟐 𝐄𝐞𝐕) [4]:
𝑎𝛼=2
𝒩σ𝑖=1
𝑁𝜔𝑖cos 𝛼𝑖;𝑏𝛼=2
𝒩σ𝑖=1
𝑁𝜔𝑖sin 𝛼𝑖
𝑟
𝛼= 𝑎𝛼
2+ 𝑏𝛼
2; an 𝜑𝛼=𝑏𝛼
𝑎𝛼; 𝒩 = σ𝑖𝜔𝑖
Eas -wes me hod (𝑬 < 𝟐 𝐄𝐞𝐕) [5]:
𝑎𝐸𝑊 =2
𝑁σ𝑖=1
𝑁cos 𝛼0(𝑡𝑖− 𝜉𝑖);
𝑏𝐸𝑊 =2
𝑁σ𝑖=1
𝑁sin 𝛼0(𝑡𝑖− 𝜉𝑖);
𝑟
𝛼=𝜋 cos 𝛿
2 sin 𝜃 𝑟𝐸𝑊 ; 𝜑𝛼= 𝜑𝐸𝑊 + 𝜋/2.
Blind Sea ch o
o e densi ies
Analysis 𝑬𝒕𝒉
(
𝐄𝐞𝐕
)
𝚿(∘) 𝒑- alue
Pos
-
ial
𝒑- alue
O e densi y
38 27
1
.8 × 10−8 0.02
Cen A 38 27
1
.1 × 10−7
3
.0 × 10−5
Ca alog based
sea ches
La ge-Angula -
Scale Sea ches
Da ase
SD da a om Jan. 2004 o Dec. 2022
Small and in e media e-angula -scale:
•Ene gy 𝐸 > 32 EeV and zeni h 𝜃 < 80∘
La ge angula -scale:
•𝐸 > 4 EeV and zeni h 𝜃 < 80∘
•0.25 < 𝐸/ eV < 4 and 𝜃 < 60∘
•0.03 < 𝐸/ eV < 0.25 and 𝜃 < 55∘
Angula esolu ion:
•Be e han 0.9∘ o 𝐸 > 10 EeV
•Up o 1.6∘ o lowe ene gies
S a is ical unce ain y in 𝑬:
•∼7% o 𝐸 > 10 EeV
•Up o 20% o lowe ene gies
Sys ema ic unce ain y on he absolu e
ene gy scale is 𝟏𝟒%
Ca alog
𝚿
(∘)
𝜶
(%) TS
Pos
-
ial
𝒑- alue
All galaxies
24
−8
+15
14
−6
+8
18
.5
6
.3 × 10−4
S a bu s
25
−7
+13 9−4
+7
23
.4
6
.6 × 10−5
All AGNs
25
−7
+12 7−3
+4
20
.5
2
.5 × 10−4
Je ed AGNs
23
−7
+8 6−3
+3
19
.2
4
.6 × 10−4 𝑬𝒕𝒉 =𝟑𝟖 𝐄𝐞𝐕
Flux abo e 8 EeV, smoo hed ( op-ha , Ψ = 45∘)
Signi icance 6.9𝜎
Fo he bin 8 𝐸𝑒𝑉, 16 𝐸𝑒𝑉 :
The signi icance is 5.7𝜎
Re e ences:
[1] Pie e Auge collabo a ion,
Nucl. Ins um. Me h. A
798 (2015) 172.
[2] Pie e Auge collabo a ion,
As ophys. J.
935 (2022)170.
[3] Pie e Auge collabo a ion,
As ophys. J. Le .
853 (2018) L29.
[4] Pie e Auge collabo a ion,
Science
357 (2017)1266.
[5] Pie e Auge collabo a ion,
As ophys. J.
891 (2020)142.
