Balantiopteryx io and Balantiopteryx infusca

Ame ican Socie y o Mammalogis s
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MAMMALIAN
SPECIES No. 313, pp. 1-3, 2 igs.
Balan iop e yx
io and
Balan iop e yx in usca. By Joaqui A oyo-Cab ales
and J. Knox Jones, J .
Published 30 June 1988 by The Ame ican Socie y o Mammalogis s
Balan iop e yx io Thomas, 1904
Thomas' Sac-winged Ba
Balan iop e yx io Thomas, 1904:252. Type locali y "R. Dolo es,
nea Coban [Rio Dolo es, nea Coban, Al a Ve apaz], Gua e-
mala."
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. O de Chi op e a,
Subo de
Mic ochi op e a, Family Emballonu idae, Sub amily Emballonu i-
nae. The genus Balan iop e yx con ains h ee species, a key o
which was gi en by A oyo-C. and Jones (1987). Balan iop e yx
io is mono ypic.
DIAGNOSIS. Balan iop e yx io can be dis inguished om
B. plica a, wi h which i is pa ly sympa ic, as ollows: size smalle
( o ea m <39 mm, g ea es leng h o skull usually <13); no whi e
line on pos e io edge o wing memb ane; inne ma gin o ea
conca e; in e p e ygoid
ossa b oade , U-shaped;
basisphenoidal
pi s
la ge , longe han b oad, no di ided by a medium sep um. B. io
is he smalles species o he genus (Hall, 1981; Thomas, 1904).
GENERAL CHARACTERS. Thomas' sac-winged ba is a
slende ly buil species; he wing and leg bones a e ema kably
hin.
The ea s a e sho and ounded, conca e on he inne su ace jus
below he ip. The agus is slende , ounded a he ip; he e is a
ma ked lobula ion
opposi e he base o he inne ma gin
and ano he A
sligh p ojec ion abo e i . The wing sac is loca ed in he cen e o
he an eb achial memb ane as in o he species o he genus. Fee
a e ee o he memb anes, he wing is a ached o he dis al end
o he ibia. The calca is slende and does no each he knee when
ben o wa d. The u opa agium
is u ed basally as a as exse ion
o ail. The pelage is da k b ownish
do sally, pale below (Sanbo n,
1937; Thomas, 1904; Villa-R., 1967). The zygoma a e ab up ly
and widely expanded (Fig. 1); he an e io ma gin o he pala e has
a well-ma ked median spine;
he den al
o mula,
as in o he Ame ican
emballonu ids,
is i 1/3, c 1/1, p 2/2, m 3/3, o al 32.
A e age ex e nal measu emen s (in mm) o 28 males and 14
emales (excep whe e no ed pa en he ically) om Belize (Ki kpa -
ick e al., 1975) a e, espec i ely: o al leng h, 52.6, 54.4; leng h
o ail, 14.8, 14.2; leng h o hind oo , 6.1, 6.3; leng h o ea , 12.1,
12.4; leng h o agus, 5.4 (27), 5.2; leng h o o ea m, 36.8 (26),
38.0. The a e age weigh (in g) o 28 males and 11 emales om B _
he abo e se ies was 3.7 and 5.0, espec i ely;
Jones
(1966) epo ed
he a e age weigh o 35 specimens (9 males, 26 emales) om
Gua emala as 4.2 ( ange, 4 o 6).
Ranges in c anial measu emen s (in mm) o specimens om
Gua emala (Sanbo n, 1936, 1937) a e as ollows: g ea es leng h
o skull, 12.4 o 13.1; condylobasal
leng h, 10.9 o 11.7; pos o bi al
cons ic ion, 3.1 o 3.6; b ead h o os um, 5.7 o 6.2; zygoma ic
b ead h, 8.2 o 8.7; mas oid b ead h, 7.5 o 7.9; b ead h o b ain-
case, 6.4 o 6.8; leng h o maxilla y oo h ow, 4.5 o 4.9; b ead h
ac oss uppe canines, 3.0 o 3.3; b ead h ac oss uppe mola s, 5.5
o 5.9.
DISTRIBUTION. This species occu s in lowland opical
a eas (Fig. 2) om cen al Ve ac uz and eas e n Oaxaca eas wa d
o Belize and Gua emala (Hall, 1981). Addi ionally, Dalques and
Ro h (1970) epo ed a la e Pleis ocene mandible om Cue a del FIG. 1. Do sal, en al, and la e al iews o c anium, am
Ab a, Tamaulipas, o he no h o he p esen ly known ange. la e al iew o lowe
jaw
o Balan iop e yx io (Texas Tech Uni e si y
FORM AND FUNCTION. The small baculum o B. io is 43628, d)
om Tabasco. G ea es
leng h o skull, excluding inciso s
la basally and ounded
dis ally
(B own
e al., 1971). Measu emen s is 129 m
(in mm) o wo specimens om Ve ac uz we e: g ea es leng h o
baculum, 0.7, 0.8; g ea es b ead h a base, 0.8, 0.9.
Phillips and Jones (1969) s udied den i ions o 116 specimens
d
,
MAMMALIAN SPECIES 313
FIG. 2. Locali y o eco d (1) o Balan iop e yx in usca and
dis ibu ion
(2) o B. io.
and ound wo males om Gua emala
wi h
supe nume a y
i s
uppe
p emola s
on each side ha closely esembled he small uppe p e-
mola ;
in each case bo h small p emola s
on each side bo e e idence
o wea . They also ound an adul emale and adul male ha lacked
he i s
uppe p emola
on he le side, wi h no ace o an al eolus.
Fi e o he specimens had los ee h in li e.
S ickle (1978) igu ed he scapula, cla icle, hume us, and
shoulde muscula u e o B. io, and compa ed he os eology and
myology o he shoulde egion wi h ha o o he chi op e ans. He
epo ed an aspec a io o 7.41 o his species, which he desc ibed
as a mode a ely as lie .
ONTOGENY AND REPRODUCTION. Few da a ha e
been published
on ep oduc ion
in his species and none is a ailable
on g ow h
and de elopmen . G a id
emales, all wi h one e us, ha e
been eco ded om he mon hs o Ma ch, Ap il, May, and July
(Bake and G ee , 1960; Hall and Dalques , 1963; Villa-R., 1967).
C own- ump
leng hs o e uses we e 9 mm in Ma ch and 17 and
20 mm in May. A e age leng h o es es o nine Janua y- aken
males om Gua emala was 1.4 (1 o 2) mm; none o 26 emales
aken he e in Janua y was p egnan (Jones, 1966).
ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR. Published in o ma ion on
na u al
his o y
o B. io is anecdo al. The species oos s
p edominan ly
in ca es, selec ing dimly li a eas nea he ca e en ance, bu Hall
and Dalques (1963) ound indi iduals as deep as 300 m in one
ca e and Bake and G ee
(1960) also obse ed hese ba s in a da k
ca e chambe . Hall and Dalques (1963:215) epo ed ha 500 o
1,000 indi iduals in a ca e in Ve ac uz all "hung singly, and usually
mo e han nine inches om one ano he . They p e e ed o hang
om he ops o pi s and c e ices bu some hung om he open,
la ceiling." These au ho s (1963:216) also epo ed B. io as oos -
ing "in deep, da k c e ices and masses o s alac i es" ha hung
om aces o cli s. Sanbo n (1936:95) epo ed hese sac-winged
ba s as being sho om a c e ice in a limes one cli in Gua emala-
he c e ice o ming a "ca e 100 ee long, 100 ee high, and om
wo o ou ee wide." Only wo emales we e ound among 89
specimens collec ed by Hall and Dalques (1963) a one locali y in
Ve ac uz, al hough essen ially equal sex a ios also ha e been e-
po ed.
Thomas' sac-winged
ba is ound
p ima ily
in a eas o lowland
opical
o es , bu i has been epo ed also om "upland
b oadlea
seasonal o es " in Gua emala (McCa hy, 1982:683).
O he ba s epo ed as inhabi ing ca es wi h B. io include:
Saccop e yx bilinea a, P e ono us pa nellii, Glossophaga so i-
cina, A ibeus jamaicensis, Desmodus o undus, Diphylla ecau-
da a, and a leas wo species o Myo is (Hall and Dalques , 1963;
Ki kpa ick e al., 1975; Schaldach, 1965). Hall and Dalques
(1963) epo ed ha specimens had small ed mi es a ached o he
u opa agium, wings, and ea s.
GENETICS. Ch omosomal s uc u e o a numbe o embal-
lonu ine ba s was epo ed by Bake and Hood (1986), bu he
ka yo ype o B. io has no been desc ibed.
Balan iop e yx in usca (Thomas, 1897)
Ecuado ian Sac-winged Ba
Saccop e yx in usca Thomas, 1897:546. Type locali y "Cacha i,
N. Ecuado " [Rio Cachabi, 150 m, Esme aldas, Ecuado ].
B[alan iop e yx] in usca: Thomas, 1904:252, i s use o cu en
name-combina ion.
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. See accoun o B. io abo e.
Balan iop e yx in usca is a mono ypic species.
DIAGNOSIS. Medium in size among h ee species o genus,
bu nea e B. plica a han B. io; leng h o o ea m 37.5 o 40.5;
inne ma gin o ea sligh ly conca e; b aincase elonga e pos e io ly,
esembling condi ion in B. plica a and less ounded han in B. io;
mode a e on al dep ession; os um in la ed bo h an e io ly and
pos e io ly;
mesop e ygoid
ossa na ow as in B. plica a (Hill, 1987;
Thomas, 1897).
GENERAL CHARACTERS. Balan iop e yx in usca was
desc ibed
by Thomas
(1897:546) as simila o B. plica a "bu a he
smalle and hickly buil , much da ke in colou , wi h decidedly
na owe ea s, less hai y in e emo al [memb ane], and no whi e
line along he pos e io edge o he wing memb ane." The do sum
was cha ac e ized as "da k ches nu -b own."
Thomas u he no ed
ha he u opa agium
was hinly hai ed o he le el o exse ion o
he ail. In addi ion o being na ow and sligh ly conca e on he
inne ma gin, he ea was desc ibed as na owly
ounded a he ip
and wi h he ou e ma gin s aigh , sligh ly con ex p oximally.
Al hough Thomas (1897) had a hand i e specimens o B.
in usca, h ee skins wi h skulls and wo indi iduals in spi i s
(Ca e
and Dolan, 1978; Hill, 1987), he desc ibed only one o he la e
( he holo ype, now known o be BM(NH) 97.11.7.73), gi ing o i
bu ou ex e nal measu emen s; no c anial dimensions we e lis ed
because he skull had no been emo ed a ha ime. In he o iginal
desc ip ion o B. io, Thomas (1904) no ed (somewha inco ec ly)
ha he skull o ha species ag eed in size wi h he skull o B.
in usca. Hill (1987) p o ided measu emen s o he i e specimens
and he i s published c anial measu emen s o he species. He
g aciously p o ided us wi h a copy o his manusc ip , om which
leng h o o ea m in he Diagnosis
( i e specimens) and he ollowing
anges o c anial
measu emen s
( wo o ou specimens, in mm) we e
aken: g ea es leng h o skull, 12.9 o 13.5; condylobasal leng h,
11.5 o 11.8; condylocanine leng h, 11.0 o 11.2; os al wid h,
5.4 o 5.7; leas in e o bi al
wid h, 4.8 in all; leas pos o bi al
wid h,
2.9 o 3.3; zygoma ic
b ead h, 8.4 ( ype only);
b ead h o b aincase,
6.6 o 6.9; dep h o b aincase, 5.1 o 5.3; leng h o maxilla y
oo h ow, 4.6 o 4.8; b ead h
ac oss hi d uppe mola s, 5.7 o 5.8;
leng h o lowe c-m3, 4.7 o 4.9. Ex e nal measu emen s o he
holo ype lis ed by Thomas (1897) included:
leng h o head and body,
42; leng h o ail, 13; leng h o ea , 11.3.
DISTRIBUTION. P esen ly known only om he ype lo-
cali y in no hwes e n Ecuado (Fig. 2), which Ca e and Dolan
(1978) loca ed as app oxima ely 6 km N, 107 km E Esme aldas
(1?N, 78?40'W).
ECOLOGY. The i e known specimens o his species we e
aken om a ca e in he bank o he Rio Cachabi
(Ca e
and Dolan,
1978; Hill, 1987).
REMARKS. Balan iop e yx in usca is among
he leas known
o Sou h Ame ican ba s. The i e ex an specimens, all in he B i ish
Museum (Na u al His o y), we e collec ed by W. F. H. Rosenbe g
on 5 Janua y 1897.
One o he au ho s
(J. A oyo-Cab ales)
acknowledges
he Con-
sejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, M6xico, o inancial
suppo
(CONACYT, 49479) o his and Mammalian
Species no. 301 on
Balan iop e yx plica a (A oyo-C.
and Jones, 1987).
LITERATURE CITED
ARROYO-C., J., AND
J. K. JONES,
JR. 1987. Balan iop e yx plica a.
Mamm. Species, 301:1-4.
BAKER,
R. H., AND
J. K. GREER. 1960. No es on Oaxacan mam-
mals. J. Mamm., 41:413-415.
BAKER,
R. J., AND
C. S. HOOD. 1986. G- and C-banding
ch o-
mosomal s udies o ba s
o he amily
Emballonu idae.
J. Mamm.,
67:705-711.
BROWN,
R. E., H. H. GENOWAYS,
AND
J. K. JONES,
JR. 1971.
Bacula o some Neo opical ba s. Mammalia, 35:456-464.
CARTER,
D. C., AND P. G. DOLAN. 1978. Ca alogue o ype spec-
imens o Neo opical
ba s in selec ed Eu opean
museums. Spec.
Publ. Mus., Texas Tech Uni ., 15:1-136.
DALQUEST,
W. W., AND E. ROTH. 1970. La e Pleis ocene mam-
mals om a ca e in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Sou hwes e n Na .,
15:217-230.
HALL,
E. R. 1981. The mammals o No h Ame ica. Second ed.
John Wiley and Sons, New Yo k, 1:1-600 + 90.
2
MAMMALIAN
SPECIES 313
HALL,
E. R., AND
W. W. DALQUEST.
1963. The mammals o
Ve ac uz. Uni . Kansas Publ., Mus. Na . His ., 14:165-362.
HILL,
J. E. 1987. A no e on Balan iop e yx in usca (Thomas,
1897)(Chi op e a: Emballonu idae).
Mammalia,
50:558-560.
JONES,
J. K., JR. 1966. Ba s om Gua emala. Uni . Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Na . His ., 16:439-472.
KIRKPATRICK,
R. D., A. M. CARTWRIGHT,
J. C. BRIER, AND E. J.
SPICKA. 1975. Addi ional mammal eco ds om Belize.
Mammalia, 39:330-331.
MCCARTHY,
T. J. 1982. Ba eco ds om he Ca ibbean
lowlands
o El Pe en, Gua emala. J. Mamm., 63:683-685.
PHILLIPS,
C. J., AND
J. K. JONES,
JR. 1969. Den al abno mali ies
in No h Ame ican ba s. I. Emballonu idae,
Noc ilionidae,
and
Chilonyc e idae.
T ans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 71:509-520.
SANBORN,
C. C. 1936. Reco ds and measu emen s o Neo opical
ba s. Field Mus. Na . His ., Zool. se ., 20:93-106.
1937. Ame ican ba s o he sub amily Emballonu inae.
Field Mus. Na . His ., Zool. se ., 20:321-354.
SCHALDACH,
W. J., JR. 1965. No as b e es sob e algunos ma-
mi e os del su de Mexico. An. Ins . Biol., Mexico, 35:129-
137.
STRICKLER,
T. L. 1978. Func ional os eology and mo phology
o
he shoulde
in he Chi op e a.
Con ib.
Ve . E ol., S. Ka ga ,
Basel, 4:1-198.
THOMAS,
0. 1897. Desc ip ions o new ba s and oden s om
Ame ica. Ann. Mag. Na . His ., se . 6, 20:544-553.
1904. New o ms o Saimi i, Saccop e yx, Balan iop-
e yx, and Th ichomys
om he Neo opical
egion. Ann. Mag.
Na . His ., se . 7, 13:250-255.
VILLA-R.,
B. 1967. Los mu cielagos
de Mexico. Ins . Biol., Uni .
Nac. Au 6n, Mexico, 491 pp.
Edi o s o his accoun we e TROY
L. BEST and SYDNEY
ANDERSON.
Managing Edi o was CARLETON
J. PHILLIPS.
J. ARROYO-CABRALES
AND
J. K. JONES,
JR., THE MUSEUM AND
DE-
PARTMENT OF
BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCES,
TEXAS TECH
UNIVERSITY,
LUBBOCK
79409.
3