On Ba s om he Limes one Ca es o
No h Bo neo
By
F. N.
CHASEN
The collec ion on which his epo is based was submi ed o
~xamina ion by M . H. G. Kei h, Ac ing Conse a o o Fo es s
in B i ish No h Bo neo. I was made by Senio Fo es Range
P. O ol o a a ious imes in
T930
in he ca es o he limes one
hills a Goman ong on he le bank o he Kinaba angan Ri e
~bou wen y miles sou h o Sandakan on he no h-eas coas and
n
o he ca es known as he Madai, Ba u ong and Tapadong ca es
nea Laha Da u in Da el Bay on he eas coas o he S a e.
~ o ice o a small collec ion I made a Goman ong in 1929 is also
mcluded.
Such ca es, which also exis in o he pa s o Bo neo and
elsewhe e, a e o en he b eeding places o small swi s o he
genus
Collo calia
o which ce ain species p oduce he edible bi ds'
nes s o comme ce.
. In he Malay Peninsula he ex ensi e Ba u Ca es nea Kuala
L.umpu in Selango a e in he undispu ed possession o ba colo-
nies,
bu in B i ish No h Bo neo ba s and swi s li e side by
side in he ca es and he c.onduc o he o me has a imes caused
anxie y o he Go e nmen .
Mus.
5, 1931
[ 10
7 ]
F. X. CHASEN
Se e al cha ges ha e been made agains he ba s bu none is
well subs an ia ed. They ha e been accused o enc oaching on he
a eas occupied by he swi s bu he e is no di ec e idence ha
his is he case. Al hough i is ce ain ha in mos o he la ge
ca es he ba s occupy hei own pa icula ecesses, hese being
in
he da kes and mos emo e pa o he ca e, odd indi iduals can
usually be seen pe ched nea o ac ually among he bi ds and hei
nes s and i is said ha unde hese ci cums ances he nes s a e
o en acciden ally dislodged by he ba s. I has u he mo e been
sugges ed ha his is he eason why he p oduce o some o he
small ca es on he lowe Kinaba angan Ri e is no egula . De i-
ni e o ensi e ac ion on he pa o he ba s has also been alleged:
he u ine is also said o be o ensi e o he bi ds and o gi e' a bad
colou o he nes s.
Fa mo c de ailed obse a ion is necessa y be o e any o hese
cha ges can be ega ded as any hing mo e han hea say and any
de ini e ac ion aken o ed nee he numbe o ba s would a he
momen be ill-ad ised: i should ne e be unde aken a any ime in
he absence o e y cogen easons. Mixed associa ions like hose
seen in he No h Bo nean ca es a e no uncommon.
My
own
imp ession o he balance a Goman ong' was ha bi ds and ba s
we e li ing in ha mony and ha la ge sec ions o he ca es emained
uninhabi ed by ei he .
M . Kei h also o wa ded he s omach con en s o some ba s
om Goman ong. M . H. M. Pendlebu y kindly examined hese
and epo ed ha hose o he la ge
Hipposide os diadema
con ained
bee les (including agmen s o
Longico na
sp.) Bla idae, He nip-
e a and possibly some an s. I is also no ewo hy ha in he h ee
specimens o his species examined some hai was ound in he
in es ines. S omach con en s o
Rhinolopl us c eaghi
and
Hippo-
sule os gaie i a
con ained ma e in a highly comminu ed condi ion.
Recognisable agmen s included he emains o Lepidop e a,
Hemip e a, Ca abidae, Teneb ionidae, Bla idae, some an s and
possibly a cicada.
The daily exodus o ba s om a hole in he op o he ca e
a Goman ong is jus ly amous. In he la e a e noon hey
eme ge in a long ibbon-like p ocession. The s eam is only a ew
ee wide and acco ding- o se e al independen obse e s i may
con inue unin e up ed o nea ly an hou .
On he occasion o my isi i was es ima ed ha h ee housand
ba s le he ca e e e y minu e o hal an hou gi ing a minimum
popula ion o
90,000.
The e u n o he ca e akes place some ime
be o e day-b eak bu i is said ha he ba s a el independen ly and
no in o ma ion.
[ o8 ]
BULL. RAFFLES
O~ BATS FROM THE LnmSTONE CAVES OF NORTH BORNEO
Va ious la ge Accipi es a e enemies o he ba s. Chie among
hem is he B ahminyKi e
Ho ias .u indus In e medius)
a numbe
o which a e usually ounel nea he ca es. The ki es also p ey on
he swi s bu he maj o pa o hei ood seems o consis o ba s.
The collec ion submi ed includes he ollowing se en een
specIes: -
M egachi op em
(F ui -ea ing ba s).
1.
Rouse us ample xicauda us amplexicauda us
(E. Geo .).
2.
Balionyc e is macula a macula a
(TJlOs.).
3. Eonyc e is spelaea spelaea
(Dabs.").
Mic o clii o
p
e a
(Insec -ea ing ba s).
4. Rhinolophus c eaghi
T hos .
5. Ehinolophus philippinensis
Til
a e li.
6. Rhinolophus
bo ieensis
bo neensis
Pe e s.
7· Hipposide os diade na ica ius
And.
8.
Hipposide os
gale i us gale i us
Can .
9. Hipposide os insolens
Lyon.
10.
Myo is (Leuconoe) ho s ieldi ca ima ae
l lille .
II.
My
o is (Leuconoc) sp.
12.
Miniop e us blepo is
Tcnim..
13. Miniop e us wi ka npi
So d».
14. Emballonu a i alis
Tli
as.
15. E iballonu a mo i icola non icola
T
emm-
16.
Taphozous melanopogon e ensis
Tho s.
17.
Chae ephon plica us
(Euch.-Ham.).
Mos o he abo e species a e common and well-known bu
he e a e se e al in e es ing ea u es abou he collec ion.
The ypical o m o
Eonyc e is sp
elaea
is shewn o exis in
Bo neo.
Rhinoloplucs philippinensis
has no hi he o been eco ded om
Bo neo.
Miniop en s blep oiis
is ano he addi ion o he Bo nean lis :
h ee species o he genus a e now known om he island,
wi -
kampi, medius
and
blep o is .
The
l l')'o is
sp. also appea s o ep esen a species unknown
om Bo neo bu mos un o una ely he only specimen sen is a
skin wi hou a skull.
'Mus.
S, J931
[10
9
J
F. N. CHASEN
MEGACHIROPTERA
1. Rouse us amplexicauda us amplexicauda us
(E. Geo .).
I !i1
Madai Ca es (No. 75)·
Fo ca m. --Bo mm.
Fou skins o imma u e animals (Nos. 73, 74, 76, - ) also
appea o belong o
annple xicauda us
bu in he absence o skulls
no mo e can be .said.
Ande sen's ema ks conce ning he occu ence o his
spec es
in he Malay Peninsula a e no e y clea . In Mon. Chi . I, p. lxix
i is included wi h a que y unde "Lowe Siam" and "Malay
Peninsula." On p.
Ixxxii, ample icaudaius
is men ioned as being
common o he h ee a eas, he Malay Peninsula, Suma a and
Bo neo bu on p.
42
he i s named locali y is nei he men ioned
no implied in he gi en ange o he species: u he mo e no
Malayan specimens a e lis ed. Ac ually
R. a n ple xicau da us
does
occu in he Malay S a es: specimens om he Fla u Ca es in
Selango a e in he Ra les Museum.
2. Balionyc e is macula a
macula a (Thos.).
I
J,
I
'i!
Ba u ong Ca es (Nos. 13
2,
133).
Fo ea ms.-
44;
'
42 mm.
The Malayan o m o his ba is
B.
m, s
eimun li
Kloss'.
D . Da n ne man- has eco ded i om Pulau Du ian in he
Rhio A chipelago and he e a e un eco ded specimens in he Ra les
Museum om Pulau Galang in he same a chipelago.
3. Eonyc e is spelaea spelaea
(Dobs.).
6
Tapadong Ca es
(Nos. 445-450).
Fo ea ns.i-- iy, 66,
67,
67, 68 m n.
Ande sen- does no ecognize
E.
sp
elaea
as a Bo nean o m
and conside s ha i is eplaced in ha island by he la ge
E.
majo
And. This la e animal, howe e , seems o be ei he a dis inc
species o a high le el o m; o a ba which seems insepa able 0111
ypical
sp elaea
as ep esen ed by specimens om Tenasse im,
he Malay S a es and Singapo e ce ainly does occu in no h-
eas Bo neo (and appa en ly also in Sa awak) as co ec ly
shewn by Ma schie-. An adul bu no aged male in he p esen
collec i on measu es: -head and body 110; ail 12; o ea m 67;
pollex, o al leng h 23; 3 d digi , me aca pal 46, s phalanx 29.5,
znd phalanx 39; 4 h digi , me aca pal 45, s phalanx 24, znd pha-
lanx 25; 5 h digi , me aca pal 41, 1s phalanx 20, znd phalanx 19;
lowe leg c. n. 46 111m.
~
-- .
--
.-
..
------~-----_
•...
~~-_
..
---_._~
,
Jou n. Fed. Mal. S a es Mus.
X,
1921,
p.
229;
Pahang,
2.
T' eubia , VIII,
IC)26,
p.
304.
3·
Ann. Mag. Na . His , (8) VI,
1910,
p.
625
e Ca . Chic
1912,
p.
735.
4·
Megachi .
1899,
p. oo,
[ lIO ]
BULL. RAFFLES
ON BATS FROM THE LIMESTONE CAVES OF NORTH BORNEO
Sku11.-To a1 leng h
33 ..1;
condylo-basal leng h 33; os um
o bi o na es
IO;
zygoma ic wid h
20;
uppe oo h- ow o on
o canine
11.4
m n.
MICROCHIROPTERA
4. Rhinolophus c eaghi Thos.
8 ~, 7
'i'
Ba u ong, Madai and Tapadong Ca es (Nos. 49,
62,
63, 167, 168, 214, 215, 330, 331,
e c.).
Fo ea ms.- (;
48, 49, 49, 49,
4Y,
49, 49, 51;
'i'
48, 49, 49, 49,
50, 50, 51
mm.
This ba is also common in he Goman ong Ca es. The wings
a ise om he ibia abou a qua e o an inch abo e he ankle and
al hough his is a a iable ea u e i seems likely ha he hal an
inch men ioned in he o iginal desc ip ion is an e o .
5. Rhinolophus philippinensis
Wa e h.
6 (;,'3
'i'
Madai and Tapadong Ca es (Nos.
48,353-360).
Fo ea ms.- (;
50, 50, 51, 51, 52, 53;
'i'
51, 53, 54
n n.
This is an addi ion o he Bo nean auna. Un o una ely no
compa a i e ma e ial is a ailable and he specimens ha e been
iden i ied en i ely on desc ip ion: i is o cou se imp obable ha
he Bo nean ace is he same as ha inhabi ing he Philippine
Islands.
The common membe o Ande sen's
lucius
g oup o
Rhino-
lopliu.s
in Bo neo is
R.
ii
olia
us
a species no ep esen ed in he
p esen collec ion.
6. Rhinolophus bo neensis bo neensis Pe e s.
I
'i'
Madai ca es (No. 45)·
Fo ea m.s--aa
nm ,
7. Hipposide os diadema ica ius And.
Fou een
s ,
5
'i'
Goman ong, Ba u ong, Madai and Tapadong
ca es (Nos.
24, 25, 52-56, 58-60, 144, 145, 243, 322, 324, 340, 34
1,
3
2
5, - ).
Fo ea ms.-
s
79, 82,
82,
83, 83, 84, 85, 86, 86, 86, 86, 87,
-; 6 83, 84,
86~-, -
mm.
8. Hipposide os gale i us gale i us Can o .
Se en (;,
13
'i'
Goman ong, Ba u ong, Madai and Tapadong
ca es (Nos.
17,64,80, 81, 159,
326,
3:27,
363, 36
4,
366).
Fo ea ms.- (;
45,47, 47,48,48,48,49;
'i'
47,47, 49
mm.
In a se ies o wen y-six om he Goman ong ca es he o e-
a m a ies in leng h om
45-47
mm. wi h
48
mm. once and
49
mm ,
once. The u is e y a iable in colou i espec i e o sex.
Mus. 5,
1931
[ III ]
F. ". CHASEK
9. Hipposide os insolens
Lyon.
Hip p oside os Lnso ens
Lyon. P oc. U. S. Na . Mus. 40, 1911
p. 129: Lowa si, uppe Pasi Ri e , sou h-eas e n Bo neo. '
Th ee
s ,
5 ~
Ba u ong ca es (Nos. 117-120, 160, 169, 234,
235)·
Fo ea ms.- 6 48, 48, 49·5; ~ 49, 49, 49·5, So, 50 mm.
When skins a e compa ed he di e ence be ween
gale i us
and
ins olens
is e y sligh . In h e o me he base o he u on he
uppe pa s is whi ish 'whe eas in he la e he u is concolo ous
h oughou i s leng h.
Judging by he specimens in he p esen collec ion he di e ence
in he leng h o he o ea m in he wo o ms is e y small
bu
ins olens
ce ainly a e ages la ge : measu ed in he skin he lowe
leg (wi h claw) o
gale i us
anges 24-26.5 mm. and ha o
ins ole
ns
27.8-28.5 mm.
1 1 .
O ol o's measu emen s aken in he lesh con i m Lyon's
ema k ha
insolens
may be dis inguished om
gale iius
by i s
longe ail
i-c-
H. galc i us ,
head and body, 47---49; ail 23-27 mm.
H. ins olens ,
head and body, 44- 55; ail 33-38 mm.
This oa has no ye been aken a Goman ong; all he speci-
mens examined om ha locali y being
gale i us
as a e a ew
om Mi i on he coas o Sa awak.
10. Myo is (Leucanoe) ho s ieldi ca ima ae
Mille .
One 6, 4 ~ Tapadong ca es (Nos. 348-351, 35
2).
Fo ea ms.-
s
38.5; ~ 38, 38, 39, 39 mm.
Fou o hese specimens ha e he skull a he mo e in la ed han
in VO
ho s ieldi
om he Malay Peninsula he eby, on desc ip ion
a leas , ag eeing wi h
ca ima ae
Mille ,' o which Thomas p o i-
sionally e e ed he Bo nean ace o
ho s ieldi.
Ano he skull is
no iceably less swollen: i may ep esen
Leuconoe lepidus
Thomas.>
11. Myo is (Leucanoe)
sp.
One
Madai ca es (No. 46).
Fo ea m.-47 mm.
This skin which is un o una ely wi hou a skull and he e o e
useless o c i ical examina ion appea s o ep esen a la ge o m
o
Leu canoe,
The uppe pa s a e ai ly uni o m in colou , he base o he
u da k and he ips sil e y g ey: unde pa s whi e.
---
..•
-.---_
..
_--~
I.
P oc. U. S. Na . Mus. XXXI, )906, p. 62: Ka ima a Island.
2.
Ann. Mag. Na . His .
(8)
XV,
)915,
p.
171:
Ba am, Sa awak.
[ II2 ]
BULL. RAFFLES
ON BATS FROM THE LIMESTONE CAVES OF NORTH BORNEO
The only la ge- oo ed
.iHyo is
hi he o de ini ely kn?wn om.
Bo neo a e
ho s ieldi
and
lepidus,
bo h much smalle animals,
12. Miniop e us blepo is
(Temm.).
Th ee
is,
2 ~
Ba u ong, Madai and Tapadong ca es (Nos. 47,
57, 82, 83, 334)·
Fo ea ms.-
i!;
47, 49, 50; ~ 48,
So mm.
No species o
Minio p .e us
was known om Bo neo un il M .
Sody desc ibed
wi lwmpi
( ide in a) in
1930
and a he same ime
eco ded
M. medius
Thos., om he island:
blep oiis
is ano he
addi ion o he known Bo nean auna.
13. Miniop e us wi kampi Sody.
Miniop .e us 'wi kampi
Sody, Na . Tijds. Ned. Ind.,
1930,
p.
272:
Lobang Ipoe, Koe ei, Eas Bo neo.
Fou
is,
4 ~ Madai and Tapadong ca es (Nos.
38, 51, 344-347,
4
0
4, 4
0
5).
Fo ea ms.--
e
37, 3
8,
38, 3
8
.5; ~ 37, 3
8,
3
8,
39
m n ,
14. Emballonu a i alis
Thos.
Embollonu a mon icola iualis
Thomas, Ann. Mag. Na . His .
(8) XV,
1915,
p.
140:
Sa awak.
Fou
s ,
I ~
Ba u ong and Tapadong ca es (Nos.
134, 135,
361, 362, 464).
Fo ea ms.-
i!;
47, 47·5,
4
8, 48; ~ 48.5
111m.
The measu emen s o h ee adul s a e: -head and body
45-55;
ail
12-13;
hi d inge , me aca pal
41-4-3,
i s phalanx
13;
lowe
leg and hind- oo (c. u.)
25--26.5
mm. '
Skulls.-Occipu o an e io base o canine
14.8-15.3;
condyle
10
on o canine
13.5-14;
zygoma ic b ead h
9-4 9.5;
mas oid
b ead h 8; on o canine o back o na 6 mm.
15. Emballonu a mon icola mon icola
Temm.
One ~ Tapadong ca es (No. 465).
Fo ea 111.- ~
45.5
mm.
E. mon icola
and
E. iualis
occu side by side in Bo neo and
a e dis inc species and no sub-species as is sugges ed by Thomas'
nomencla u e: bo h occu in Sa awak and in B i ish No h Bo neo.
The measu emen s o h ee adul s om B i ish No h Bo neo
a e: -head and body
37-41;
ail
II-IS;
hi d inge , me aca pal
40-41,
i s phalanx
12.5-13;
lowe leg and hind- oo (c. u.)
23.7-
24
nm,
J Ius. 5,
1931
[ II3 ]
'
I
I
F. N. CHASEN
Skulls.-Ckcipu o an e io base o canine 13.8-14; condyle
o on o canine 12.3-12.9; zygoma ic b ead h 8.3-8.9; mas oid
b ead h 7-4--7.5; on o canine o back o
ms
5-5.1 mm.
Fo eanns.-43-45.S mm.
16. Taphozous melanopogon e ensis
Thos.
Taph oeous nelano pog on [ eiensis
Thomas, Jou n. F. M. S.
Mus. VII, 1916, p. 5: Pulau Te u au, S ai s o JVIalacca.
Two (" 3
<;>
Ba u ong and Tapadong ca es (Nos. 561-56S).
Fo ea ms.- (;
62,
62;
<;>
60, 64, 64 mm.
The ma e ial o ypical
melanopogon
a ailable o compa ison
is no good bu hese a he pale specimens can be ma ched, o
nea ly so, by opo ypes o
[ e
e
nsis
which is a e y a iable o m.
One o he emales lis ed abo e has he unde pa s whi e washed
wi h g ey on he h oa and ches .
17. Chae ephon plica us (Bueh. Ham.).
One (; Madai ca es
(No. 281).
Fo ea m.s--qg mm.
Like a ew specimens om Sa na ang in Ja a ( o ea ms 42-
45 m n.) his single example om Bo neo seems a he small bu
a good se ies o bo h sexes om Wes Ja a ha e he o ea ms
measu ing 46-49.5 m n . which is abou he same ange shewn by
some om Tenasse im and he Sou h Shan S a es. The ype
locali y is India.
[M . Kei h la e o wa decl some ba s om he small ca es on
he isle o Be hala in Sandakan Bay. These included
i
egade ma
spasma i olium
(Geo .),
To.pho sous melanop ogon [ e ensis
Thos.,
and
Hipposide os g. gale i us
Can o .]
