In e na ional Jou nal o Social Science and Human Resea ch
ISSN (p in ): 2644-0679, ISSN (online): 2644-0695
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijssh / 8-i10-17, Impac ac o - 8.007
Page No: 7692-7695
IJSSHR, Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025 www.ijssh .in Page 7692
Legal P o ec ion Analysis o Geog aphical Indica ions as E o o P ese e
Local and Indonesian P oduc s
Lau encia Au elia Ve hoe en1, Budi San oso2
1 Mas e o Law S uden , Diponego o Uni e si y, Sema ang
2 Lec u e a he Facul y o Law Diponego o Uni e si y, Sema ang
ABSTRACT: Geog aphical indica ions a e a o m o in ellec ual p ope y p o ec ion ha se e o p ese e he au hen ici y and
epu a ion o a p oduc based on i s place o o igin. This p o ec ion plays a c ucial ole in main aining p oduc quali y, p omo ing
local economic g ow h, and p ese ing he cul u al and na u al esou ces unique o a egion. This s udy aims o examine he legal
egula ions go e ning geog aphical indica ion p o ec ion in Indonesia and analyze i s implemen a ion in o e coming a ious
challenges. This esea ch employs a no ma i e ju idical me hod by e iewing a ious laws and egula ions, case s udies, and he
p ac ical applica ion o geog aphical indica ion p o ec ion in Indonesia. The indings indica e ha he p o ec ion sys em o
geog aphical indica ions is egula ed unde Law No. 20 o 2016 on T adema ks and Geog aphical Indica ions, suppo ed by
implemen ing egula ions. Howe e , i s implemen a ion s ill aces obs acles such as low public and business awa eness o he
impo ance o geog aphical indica ions, a ela i ely complex egis a ion p ocess, weak en o cemen agains iola ions, and
compe i ion om impo ed p oduc s ha a e mo e accessible and compe i i ely p iced. Addi ionally, his s udy e eals ha
go e nmen suppo in e ms o assis ance, egis a ion acili a ion, and p omo ion o geog aphical indica ion p oduc s needs
u he enhancemen . Collabo a ion be ween local go e nmen s, businesses, and communi ies is essen ial o ensu ing a mo e
e ec i e legal p o ec ion sys em and inc easing he economic alue o local p oduc s egis e ed unde geog aphical indica ions.
The e o e, s a egic measu es a e equi ed o s eng hen his p o ec ion, including inc easing public awa eness, e ining exis ing
egula ions, and le e aging echnology o suppo he egis a ion and moni o ing p ocess.Wi h mo e op imal geog aphical
indica ion p o ec ion, Indonesian local p oduc s can achie e s onge compe i i eness in bo h na ional and in e na ional ma ke s.
This no only bene i s communi y wel a e bu also con ibu es o he sus ainabili y o esou ces and he cul u al alues embedded
in hese p oduc s
KEYWORDS: Geog aphical Indica ions, Legal P o ec ion, and Local P oduc .
I.
INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is an a chipelagic coun y ich in cul u e, na u al esou ces, and in ellec ual he i age ha is di e se in each egion. This
di e si y p oduces a ious local p oduc s wi h dis inc i e cha ac e is ics, bo h in e ms o aw ma e ials, p oduc ion echniques,
and he epu a ion a ached o hei egion o o igin. These p oduc s a e no only symbols o cul u al iden i y, bu also ha e high
economic alue and g ea po en ial o de elop in na ional and global ma ke s. Howe e , in he e a o globaliza ion and
inc easingly igh ade compe i ion, local p oduc s ace challenges o su i e and de elop. The e o e, e ec i e legal p o ec ion is
needed so ha egional p oduc s can emain sus ainable and p o ide economic bene i s o The o m o p o ec ion ha can be
gi en o local p oduc s is geog aphical indica ion.
Geog aphical indica ion is a sign ha con i ms ha a p oduc comes om a ce ain a ea and has special cha ac e is ics ha a e
in luenced by geog aphical ac o s, he en i onmen , o unique p oduc ion me hods. This p o ec ion plays an impo an ole in
ensu ing he au hen ici y and quali y o p oduc s, inc easing compe i i eness in he in e na ional ma ke , and p e en ing
coun e ei ing by i esponsible pa ies. In addi ion, geog aphical indica ions also con ibu e o imp o ing he egional economy
and s eng hening he image o local p oduc s as pa o he na ional cul u al weal h ha mus be p ese ed.
Legal p o ec ion o geog aphical indica ions has been egula ed in Law Numbe 20 o 2016 conce ning T adema ks and
Geog aphical Indica ions. This egula ion g an s exclusi e igh s o holde s o geog aphical indica ions and gua an ees ha only
p oduc s om hei a ea o o igin can use he name. In addi ion, he go e nmen has also implemen ed a ious suppo ing policies
and egula ions o encou age he egis a ion and p o ec ion o geog aphical indica ions in a ious egions. A numbe o local
p oduc s ha e ob ained geog aphical indica ion ce i ica ion, such as Gayo co ee om Aceh, Sumba ika wea ing, and Amed sal
om Bali. Wi h s ong legal p o ec ion, i is hoped ha hese p oduc s can gain wide ecogni ion and p o ide a g ea e economic
Legal P o ec ion Analysis o Geog aphical Indica ions as E o o P ese e Local and Indonesian P oduc s
IJSSHR, Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025 www.ijssh .in Page 7693
impac o local communi ies.
The implemen a ion o geog aphical indica ion p o ec ion s ill aces a ious challenges. One o he main obs acles is he lack o
unde s anding o he communi y and business ac o s ega ding he impo ance o geog aphical indica ion egis a ion. Many local
p oduce s a e no ye awa e ha owne ship o a geog aphical indica ion ce i ica e can inc ease he selling alue o p oduc s,
p o ec agains coun e ei ing, and expand access o in e na ional ma ke s. In addi ion, he egis a ion p ocedu e, which is
conside ed complex and equi es signi ican adminis a i e suppo , is o en an obs acle o communi y g oups o small businesses
in ob aining legal p o ec ion o hei p oduc s.
Supe ision o iola ions o geog aphical indica ions is s ill no op imal. The e a e many cases o coun e ei ing o misuse o
geog aphical indica ions by unau ho ized pa ies, bo h domes ically and ab oad. I no handled immedia ely, his can ha m
o iginal p oduce s and educe consume con idence in local Indonesian p oduc s. Compe i ion wi h impo ed p oduc s ha a e
cheape and mo e easily accessible o he public is also ano he challenge in main aining he exis ence o local p oduc s ha
al eady ha e geog aphical indica ions. Based on hese p oblems, his s udy aims o analyze he legal egula ions go e ning he
p o ec ion o geog aphical indica ions in Indonesia and examine hei implemen a ion in acing a ious exis ing challenges.
Th ough his s udy, i is hoped ha deepe insigh s can be ob ained ega ding he ole o geog aphical indica ions in suppo ing
he sus ainabili y o local p oduc s and solu ions ha can be applied o inc ease he e ec i eness o legal p o ec ion o
geog aphical indica ions. Wi h a mo e op imal p o ec ion sys em, local Indonesian p oduc s a e expec ed o be mo e app ecia ed
a he na ional and in e na ional le els, and be able o imp o e he wel a e o people who depend on he local esou ce-based
business sec o . In addi ion, his s udy also aims o p o ide ecommenda ions o he go e nmen and o he s akeholde s in o de o
s eng hen a mo e inclusi e and sus ainable geog aphical indica ion p o ec ion sys em.
RESEARCH METHOD
The esea ch me hod used by he au ho is no ma i e legal esea ch. Resea ch using no ma i e legal esea ch is based on he
app oach and analysis o legisla ion. This app oach is used by he au ho in his s udy is by means o li e a u e s udy (lib a y
esea ch). The da a collec ed comes om scien i ic wo ks such as scien i ic jou nals, books, dic iona ies and so on. The w i ing
ha has been analyzed will be desc ibed o see he ela ionship be ween a iables. In his case, o analyze legal p o ec ion analysis
o geog aphical indica ions as an e o o p ese e local and indonesian p oduc s.
II.
DISCUSSION
Regula ions o Legal P o ec ion o Geog aphical Indica ions in Indonesia in P ese ing Local P oduc s
P o ec ion o geog aphical indica ions in Indonesia has a s ong legal basis h ough a ious laws and egula ions aimed a
main aining he uniqueness, quali y, and sus ainabili y o local p oduc s. One o he main egula ions go e ning he p o ec ion o
geog aphical indica ions is Law Numbe 20 o 2016 conce ning T adema ks and Geog aphical Indica ions, which eplaces Law
Numbe 15 o 2001. In his law, geog aphical indica ions a e ecognized as pa o in ellec ual p ope y igh s ha a e gi en legal
p o ec ion o ensu e ha p oduc s ha ha e special cha ac e is ics based on hei geog aphical o igin can main ain hei au hen ici y,
ob ain added economic alue, and imp o e he wel a e o he p oduce communi y in hei a ea o o igin. In addi ion o his law,
p o ec ion o geog aphical indica ions is also s eng hened h ough Go e nmen Regula ion Numbe 51 o 2007 conce ning
Geog aphical Indica ions, which u he egula es he p ocedu es o egis a ion, p o ec ion, and supe ision o geog aphical
indica ions in Indonesia. In his egula ion, i is s a ed ha geog aphical indica ions can be submi ed by indi iduals, communi y
g oups, o ins i u ions ha ha e an in e es in he local p oduc in ques ion. This egis a ion aims o p o ide legal p o ec ion o
geog aphical indica ions so ha hey a e no misused by o he pa ies who do no ha e he igh s, and o ensu e ha only p oduc s
ha uly o igina e om a pa icula a ea can use he name o he geog aphical indica ion.
In o de o inc ease he e ec i eness o geog aphical indica ion p o ec ion, he Minis y o Law and Human Righ s h ough
he Di ec o a e Gene al o In ellec ual P ope y (DJKI) ac s as an au ho i y ha manages he geog aphical indica ion egis a ion
and ce i ica ion sys em. This egis a ion p o ides exclusi e igh s o he communi y o owne o he geog aphical indica ion so
ha hei p oduc s canno be used illegally by o he pa ies. This aims o p o ec he economic alue and epu a ion o local
p oduc s om he h ea o coun e ei ing o use ha is no in acco dance wi h he p o isions.
Indonesia has also a i ied a ious ag eemen s ela ed o he p o ec ion o geog aphical indica ions, such as he Ag eemen
on T ade-Rela ed Aspec s o In ellec ual P ope y Righ s (TRIPS Ag eemen ) unde he Wo ld T ade O ganiza ion (WTO).
Indonesia's pa icipa ion in his ag eemen e lec s he coun y's commi men o p o ec ing in ellec ual p ope y igh s, including
geog aphical indica ions, so as o inc ease he compe i i eness o local p oduc s in he global ma ke and p e en misuse by
unau ho ized o eign pa ies. Howe e , al hough exis ing egula ions ha e p o ided a clea and s ong legal basis, he
implemen a ion o geog aphical indica ion p o ec ion in Indonesia s ill aces a ious challenges. Se e al majo obs acles include
low public awa eness o he impo ance o geog aphical indica ions, he egis a ion p ocess which is s ill conside ed complex and
equi es ce ain cos s o small business ac o s, and weak supe ision in aking ac ion agains iola ions o egis e ed geog aphical
indica ions. The lack o unde s anding among p oduce s and s akeholde s abou he bene i s o geog aphical indica ions is also an
Legal P o ec ion Analysis o Geog aphical Indica ions as E o o P ese e Local and Indonesian P oduc s
IJSSHR, Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025 www.ijssh .in Page 7694
obs acle in implemen ing his policy.
The e o e, u he e o s a e needed in he o m o mo e massi e socializa ion and educa ion o he public and business ac o s
ega ding he impo ance o p o ec ing geog aphical indica ions. In addi ion, i is necessa y o simpli y he adminis a i e
p ocedu es in egis e ing geog aphical indica ions so ha hey a e mo e easily accessible o he public, especially o small and
medium business g oups.
S eng hening coope a ion be ween he go e nmen , local communi ies, academics, and he p i a e sec o is also a s a egic
s ep o ensu e he e ec i eness o geog aphical indica ion p o ec ion and inc ease he sus ainabili y o local p oduc s amids
inc easingly igh global compe i ion. Wi h comp ehensi e egula ions and mo e op imal implemen a ion, he p o ec ion o
geog aphical indica ions is expec ed o p o ide a g ea e con ibu ion o p ese ing local p oduc s, inc easing he compe i i eness
o p oduc s in domes ic and in e na ional ma ke s, and c ea ing sus ainable economic bene i s o communi ies ha depend on he
sus ainabili y o p oduc s based on hese geog aphical indica ions.
Implemen a ion o Legal P o ec ion o Geog aphical Indica ions in Facing Challenges o Local P oduc s in Indonesia
Geog aphical Indica ion (GI) p o ec ion in Indonesia has expe ienced signi ican de elopmen in ecen yea s. Based on
da a om he Di ec o a e Gene al o In ellec ual P ope y (DJKI), he numbe o p oduc s egis e ed as GI con inues o
inc ease. Some examples o p oduc s ha ha e ob ained GI ce i ica ion include Gayo Co ee, Sumbawa Honey, Mun ok
Whi e Peppe , and Sumba Ika Wo en Fab ic. The exis ence o GI p o ec ion p o ides a ious bene i s o local business ac o s,
including inc eased economic alue, legal p o ec ion om coun e ei ing, and ecogni ion o he uniqueness o egional p oduc s.
Wi h his p o ec ion, local p oduc s ha e highe compe i i eness, bo h a he na ional and in e na ional le els. In addi ion,
GI p o ec ion also opens up wide expo oppo uni ies, s eng hens ma ke ing ne wo ks, and imp o es he wel a e o he
communi y in he p oduc 's a ea o o igin. Al hough GI p o ec ion has p og essed, he e a e s ill a ious challenges in i s
implemen a ion. Some o he obs acles aced include low public awa eness o he impo ance o GI, egis a ion p ocedu es ha
a e conside ed complica ed and cos ly, weak supe ision o GI misuse, and inc easing compe i ion wi h impo ed p oduc s.
The e o e, a mo e e ec i e s a egy is needed so ha GI p o ec ion can p o ide op imal bene i s o local business ac o s. The
main challenge in implemen ing GI p o ec ion in Indonesia is he lack o unde s anding among he public and business
ac o s ega ding he bene i s o GI and i s egis a ion p ocedu es. Many local p oduce s a e no ye awa e ha by
egis e ing hei p oduc s as GIs, hey can ob ain legal p o ec ion and inc ease hei compe i i eness. To o e come his
p oblem, wide socializa ion is needed by he go e nmen and ela ed ins i u ions. Local go e nmen s also ha e an
impo an ole in encou aging p oduce communi ies o egis e GIs so ha local p oduc s become be e known and ecei e
s onge legal p o ec ion.
In addi ion, he GI egis a ion p ocedu e is o en conside ed oo complex and ime- consuming. This p ocess equi es
p oduce s o comple e a ious documen s and conduc in- dep h s udies on he o igins and unique cha ac e is ics o he p oduc .
Fo small communi ies o mic o businesses, his is o en an obs acle due o limi ed esou ces and a lack o unde s anding o he
p ocedu es ha mus be ollowed. To o e come his p oblem, he go e nmen needs o p o ide echnical assis ance and simpli y
he egis a ion p ocedu e o make i mo e accessible o small business ac o s. In addi ion, p o iding inancial assis ance o
subsidies o small businesses ha wan o egis e hei p oduc s as GIs can be an e ec i e solu ion in accele a ing he GI
p o ec ion p ocess.
Ano he challenge is he weak supe ision and law en o cemen agains misuse o GIs. E en hough a p oduc has been
egis e ed as an IG, cases o coun e ei ing and misuse o he p oduc name by unau ho ized pa ies a e s ill common. This can
ha m he o iginal p oduce and educe he p oduc 's epu a ion in he ma ke . The e o e, he e needs o be s ic e egula ions and
igh e supe ision o p e en misuse o IG. The go e nmen can also collabo a e wi h p oduce associa ions and consume
p o ec ion agencies o join ly supe ise he dis ibu ion o IG p oduc s so ha hei au hen ici y is main ained. In addi ion,
compe i ion wi h simila p oduc s om ab oad is also a challenge ha canno be igno ed.
Local p oduc s o en ha e o compe e wi h impo ed p oduc s ha ha e cheape p ices and wide dis ibu ion. To ace his
compe i ion, i is necessa y o implemen mo e e ec i e ma ke ing s a egies, such as inc easing b anding, highligh ing he added
alue o IG p oduc s, and u ilizing digi al echnology in ma ke ing. The go e nmen can also play a ole in opening wide access
o local business ac o s o he in e na ional ma ke h ough ade exhibi ions o p omo ional p og ams ab oad.
Ano he challenge is limi ed in as uc u e and ma ke access. Many IG p oduc s come om emo e a eas ha s ill ha e
obs acles in dis ibu ion due o inadequa e in as uc u e. This condi ion is a majo obs acle in inc easing he compe i i eness o IG
p oduc s. The e o e, in es men is needed in in as uc u e de elopmen , inc easing logis ics access, and in eg a ing IG p oduc s
wi h digi al and e-comme ce pla o ms so ha local p oduc s a e mo e easily accessible o consume s a home and ab oad. By
add essing hese challenges s a egically and sus ainably, he implemen a ion o IG p o ec ion can be inc easingly op imal in
suppo ing he sus ainabili y o local p oduc s in Indonesia. This s ep will no only inc ease he compe i i eness o local p oduc s,
bu also s eng hen he cul u al and economic iden i y o egions ha ha e a weal h o unique and dis inc i e esou ces.
Legal P o ec ion Analysis o Geog aphical Indica ions as E o o P ese e Local and Indonesian P oduc s
IJSSHR, Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025 www.ijssh .in Page 7695
III.
CONCLUSION
Regula ions ega ding he p o ec ion o Geog aphical Indica ions (GI) in Indonesia a e egula ed in Law Numbe 20 o 2016
conce ning T adema ks and Geog aphical Indica ions. This egula ion aims o main ain he sus ainabili y o local p oduc s by
p o iding legal ecogni ion and p o ec ion o p oduc s ha ha e dis inc i e cha ac e is ics based on hei egion o o igin.
Wi h his p o ec ion, GI p oduc s ob ain exclusi e igh s ha p e en coun e ei ing and misuse by unau ho ized pa ies. In
addi ion, his egula ion also con ibu es o main aining he quali y, epu a ion, and inc easing he economic alue o local p oduc s
so ha hey emain compe i i e in he na ional and in e na ional ma ke s.
In p ac ice, GI p o ec ion has p o ided eal bene i s o local business ac o s, especially in inc easing he added alue o
p oduc s and expanding expo oppo uni ies. Howe e , a ious challenges s ill need o be o e come, such as he low public
unde s anding o he impo ance o GI, he egis a ion p ocess which is conside ed complica ed, weak supe ision o misuse o GI,
and compe i ion wi h impo ed p oduc s. The e o e, s a egic and sus ainable s eps a e needed, such as inc easing public educa ion,
simpli ying egis a ion p ocedu es, igh ening supe ision, and suppo ing he ma ke ing and dis ibu ion o GI p oduc s. Wi h
op imal e o s, GI p o ec ion can be inc easingly e ec i e in main aining he sus ainabili y and compe i i eness o local
Indonesian p oduc s a he global le el.
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The e is an Open Access a icle, dis ibu ed unde he e m o he C ea i e Commons
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(h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which pe mi s emixing, adap ing and
building upon he wo k o non-comme cial use, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed.
