Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) | Sep - 2025
90
Ru al Housing Schemes and Thei Role in Imp o ing Li ing S anda ds: A
s udy
M .Amol P akash ao Ka pe
Assis an p o esso
Dep . Comme ce
A s, Comme ce and Science College, Gangakhed
Manusc ip ID:
JRD -2025(I)-170921
ISSN: 2230-9578
Volume 17
Issue 9(I)|
Pp. 90-92
Sep . 2025
Submi ed: 9 Aug. 2025
Re ised: 20 Aug. 2025
Accep ed: 20 Sep . 2025
Published: 30 Sep . 2025
Abs ac
Housing is mo e han a basic necessi y; i se es as a co ne s one o human
de elopmen . In u al a eas, inadequa e housing condi ions—such as o e c owding, leaky oo s,
and poo sani a ion—pe pe ua e cycles o po e y, ill heal h, and low p oduc i i y. To add ess
hese challenges, go e nmen s ac oss he globe, including India, B azil, and Sou h A ica, ha e
in oduced la ge-scale u al housing schemes. P og ams such as India’s P adhan Man i Awes
Yojana – G amin (PMAY-G) aim no only o p o ide a o dable housing bu also o imp o e
sani a ion, c edi access, and economic oppo uni ies. This pape explo es he b oade impac o
u al housing schemes on po e y educ ion, economic s abili y, public heal h, and social
empowe men . I highligh s how secu e housing os e s asse c ea ion, educes mig a ion,
p omo es educa ion, and suppo s women’s empowe men while also in eg a ing wi h
sani a ion, in as uc u e, and clima e esilience ini ia i es. A he same ime, he s udy
iden i ies key challenges, including bu eauc a ic delays, co up ion, and issues o housing
quali y, which unde mine he e ec i eness o hese schemes. The pape concludes by
sugges ing policy e o ms o enhance inclusi i y, sus ainabili y, and long- e m impac ,
posi ioning u al housing as a ca alys o holis ic u al de elopmen .
Keywo ds: Ru al housing, Po e y educ ion, Li ing s anda ds, Economic s abili y, Sani a ion
o heal h, u al de elopmen , Go e nmen policies
In oduc ion
Li ing spaces a e mo e han basic needs. Humans no only ha e basic needs o home
and shel e bu also se e as a e y impo an basis o human de elopmen . Li ing o e s
people wi h imp o ed quali y o li e and secu i y, heal h awa eness, and access o oppo uni ies.
Despi e hei lack o in as uc u e, u al a eas end o ha e highe po e y a es han u ban
a eas. Accommoda ion is ge ing wo se. People o en endu e li ing condi ions cha ac e ised by
leaky oo s, inadequa e sani a ion acili ies, and c amped mud-based s uc u es, which
equen ly exace ba e he cycle o po e y, illness, and low p oduc i i y. The Ru al Housing
P og am has e ol ed as an impo an s a e in e en ion o mas e hese challenges. In coun ies
such as India, B azil, and Sou h A ica, go e nmen s a e implemen ing la ge housing
p og ammes o p o ide a o dable and du able apa men s. Fo example, India's P adhan Man a
Awes Yojana G ameen (PMAY-G) wan s o p o ide "li ing space o e e yone" by building
millions o depa men s o es wi h basic equipmen . The alue o he Ru al Housing P og am
plays a ole apa om conse a ion.
The p og am also includes a plan o p o ide be e loans wi h low in e es a es, which will help
c ea e employmen oppo uni ies.
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DOI:
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Add ess o co espondence:
Amol P akash ao Ka pe,Assis an p o esso ,Dep . Comme ce,A s, Comme ce and Science
College, Gangakhed
How o ci e his a icle:
Amol P akash ao Ka pe ,(2025). Ru al Housing Schemes and Thei Role in Imp o ing Li ing
S anda ds: A s udy,Jou nal o Resea ch & De elopmen , 17(9(I)),90-92
O iginal A icle
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
Pee Re iewed In e na ional, Open Access Jou nal.
ISSN : 2230-9578 | Websi e: h ps://j d b.o g Volume-17, Issue-9(I) | Sep - 2025
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The apa men also a ec s public heal h by p o iding a hygienic li ing en i onmen ha educes he bu den o illness.
The analysis s udy examines hese con ibu ions by ocusing on economic and heal h aspec s. This has de e mined key
issues and p oposed poli ical e o m o g ea e e ec i eness.
1.Objec i es o he S udy
The s udy aims o examine he e ec s o u al housing schemes on bo h economic s abili y and he educ ion o po e y
among u al households.
To ind he solu ions o how o sol e he housing p oblems and in luence heal h and sani a ion ou comes.
2.Me hodology
This s udy's desc ip i e and analy ical me hodology is based p ima ily on seconda y da a ga he ed om a ious
go e nmen p og ams o e alua ion epo s eleased by ins i u ions like he Wo ld Bank.
Findings
A]Economic S abili y and Po e y Reduc ion
Go e nmen -led u al housing schemes ep esen an impo an s ep owa d s eng hening a na ion’s economic s abili y
and se e as one o he mos e ec i e s a egies o educing po e y.”
1.Asse Owne ship and Weal h C ea ion
Pe manen housing p o ides a ixed and du able asse , gi ing amilies long- e m inancial secu i y.
Since 2016, mo e han 29 million homes ha e been app o ed in India unde PMAY-G, allowing amilies o mo e om
ku cha ( empo a y) o pucca (pe manen ) housing.
2.C edi Accessibili y
Houses wi h p ope owne ship documen a ion se e as colla e al, imp o ing access o o mal c edi .
Poo class amilies ha e a chance o s a hei own business on a mic o le el and become sel -dependen . Also, hey
can in es hei money in li es ock, and om loans o e ed by ag icul u e o people below he po e y line which
inc ease he u al economy.
3.Reduc ion in Seasonal Mig a ion
The p o ision o sa e and adequa e housing helps educe mig a ion om u al o u ban a eas. When amilies ha e
access o p ope housing, hey a e mo e likely o eside in illages, he eby suppo ing ag icul u al p oduc i i y and
sus aining he u al labou o ce.
4.Employmen Gene a ion
Housing schemes s imula e u al economies by gene a ing jobs o masons, ca pen e s, and labou e s. Fo example,
cons uc ion unde PMAY-G has been closely linked wi h u al skill de elopmen p og ams like Deen Dayal
Upadhyaya G ameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY).
5.In e gene a ional Po e y Reduc ion
Child en who a e bo n and aised in hei homes a e mo e likely o a end school egula ly and pe o m be e
academically. Ha ing a dedica ed space o s udy wi hin hei household educes s ess and p o ides a suppo i e
lea ning en i onmen compa ed o li ing in sha ed o uns able condi ions.
B] Heal h and Sani a ion Ou comes
In u al de elopmen ini ia i es, he p o ision o cleane and be e -quali y housing has a di ec posi i e impac on
people’s heal h.
1.Reduced Wa e bo ne and Vec o -bo ne Diseases
P ope oo ing and d ainage educe mosqui o b eeding, lowe ing he incidence o mala ia and dengue.
Hygienic housing lowe s he sp ead o dia hoea, chole a, and yphoid, common in a eas wi h open de eca ion.
2.In eg a ion wi h Sani a ion P og ams
Campaigns o u al sani a ion equen ly coincide wi h housing schemes. Fo example, PMAY-G and India's Swachh
Bha a Mission wo k oge he o ensu e ha e e y home has a oile , which lowe s he p e alence o open de eca ion.
3.Imp o ed Ma e nal and Child Heal h
Because women and child en spend mo e ime indoo s, clean and sa e housing p o ec s hem om espi a o y illnesses
and indoo pollu ion.
WHO s udies show child en in adequa e housing a e less likely o su e om s un ing and unde nu i ion.
4.Men al and Psychological Well-being
Secu e housing o e s a sense o communi y, p i acy, and digni y. Families a e less s essed and ha e g ea e social
cohesi eness.
C]Social Empowe men and Inclusion
Ru al housing schemes a e no only abou economics and heal h bu also abou social empowe men :
1.Women’s Empowe men h ough Owne ship Righ s
Many housing p og ams manda e join owne ship o houses wi h women, imp o ing hei ba gaining powe in
households.
S udies e eal ha women wi h housing owne ship ha e g ea e pa icipa ion in amily decision-making and inancial
managemen .
Jou nal o Resea ch and De elopmen
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2.Inclusion o Ma ginalized Communi ies
In o de o educe inequali y, housing schemes gi e p io i y o ma ginalized g oups like landless ag icul u al labou e s,
Scheduled T ibes, and Scheduled Cas es.
Low-income g oups and single mo he s a e gi en p io i y in La in Ame ican p og ams such as B azil's Minha Casa
Minha Vida.
3.Communi y De elopmen
Indi ec ly p omo ing collec i e de elopmen , u al housing equen ly esul s in he de elopmen o be e -planned
se lemen s wi h oads, schools, and communi y cen es.
D]En i onmen al and In as uc u e Linkages
En i onmen al sus ainabili y and u al in as uc u e a e inc easingly in eg al o housing schemes:
1.Eco-F iendly Housing Ma e ials
Some p og ams p omo e he use o low-cos , sus ainable ma e ials like ly ash b icks, bamboo, and local s one,
educing en i onmen al impac .
This also c ea es demand o local indus ies, s eng hening illage economies.
2.In as uc u e In eg a ion
Housing becomes mo e aluable when suppo ed wi h elec ici y, clean wa e , and oads.
PMAY-G, o ins ance, has adop ed a con e gence model by linking housing wi h u al elec i ica ion (Saubhagya
Scheme) and oad connec i i y (P adhan Man i G am Sadak Yojana).
3.Clima e Resilience
Disas e - esis an housing helps u al amilies cope wi h loods, cyclones, and ea hquakes, educing ulne abili y o
clima e change.
Clima e Resilience
Disas e - esis an housing helps u al amilies cope wi h loods, cyclones, and ea hquakes, educing ulne abili y o
clima e change.
Challengesinclude:
- Delays in p ojec implemen a ion due o bu eauc a ic bo lenecks.
- Co up ion and misuse o unds, educing he quali y o cons uc ion.
- Focus on housing quan i y a he han quali y, wi h some houses being uninhabi able.
- Insu icien communi y pa icipa ion, leading o housing designs ha may no i local needs.
Conclusion
Ru al housing schemes a e i al in aising li ing s anda ds and educing po e y by p o iding secu e shel e and
p omo ing long- e m de elopmen . These ini ia i es gene a e du able asse s, expand access o c edi , educe u al- o-
u ban mig a ion, and c ea e employmen oppo uni ies, he eby s eng hening economic s abili y. Imp o ed housing
also enhances heal h ou comes by educing exposu e o disease and o e ing child en sa e spaces o lea ning, which
suppo s educa ional p og ess. P og ams ha in eg a e sani a ion, in as uc u e, and clima e esilience u he
con ibu e o sus ainable u al de elopmen , while join owne ship p o isions empowe women and p omo e social
inclusion. Howe e , pe sis en challenges—such as bu eauc a ic delays, co up ion, and poo cons uc ion quali y—
limi e ec i eness. Add essing hese issues h ough s onge go e nance, communi y pa icipa ion, and sus ainable
p ac ices can maximize he ans o ma i e po en ial o u al housing schemes.
Re e ences
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