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BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CULTIVATION
TECHNOLOGY OF POTATO
M. Sh. Oblobe diye
3 d-yea s uden Sama kand S a e Uni e si y named a e Sha o Rashido , Ins i u e o
Ag obio echnologies and Food Secu i y, Depa men o F ui and Vege able G owing and
Vi icul u e
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17290914
Abs ac . As s a ed in he Resolu ion o he P esiden o he Republic o Uzbekis an PQ-
269 da ed Sep embe 8, 2025, “On addi ional measu es o inc ease po a o p oduc ion and u he
de elop seed b eeding”, po a o cul i a ion is one o he de eloping b anches o ag icul u e
wo ldwide. Po a o is an indispensable p oduc o bo h daily and es i e meals. Today, we, he
younge gene a ion, mus cons an ly s i e o esea ch, based on he knowledge gi en by ou
eache s, in o de o ensu e ood secu i y. In his a icle, I s udied he biological cha ac e is ics
and cul i a ion echnology o po a o.
Keywo ds: chile, phylogenesis, La ona, F esco, Red Sca le , Aladdin, A inda, A no a,
Mondial, Diaman , Picasso, shel , Condo , Ma ona, Romano.
In oduc ion. Po a o is a plan o empe a e clima e; howe e , due o i s plas ici y
(adap abili y), i is cul i a ed in a ious soil and clima ic condi ions, p o iding consis en ly
abundan and high-quali y yields. Du ing i s g ow h and de elopmen , he po a o plan passes
h ough he phases o ge mina ion, budding, lowe ing, lea yellowing, and ma u a ion. The en i e
on ogeny o he plan can be con en ionally di ided in o h ee pe iods:
1. F om ge mina ion o lowe ing. Du ing his s age, s ems g ow and de elop in ensi ely,
while ube o ma ion begins sligh ly.
2. F om lowe ing o lea yellowing. This s age is cha ac e ized by he mos in ensi e
g ow h and o ma ion o ube s.
3. F om lea yellowing and na u al wi he ing o ube ipening. In his pe iod, ube
g ow h con inues, hough a a slowe a e compa ed o he second s age.
The du a ion o hese pe iods depends on he ege a ion pe iod o he a ie ies: in ea ly-
ipening a ie ies, he s age om ge mina ion o lowe ing las s 25–35 days, while in mid- and
la e- ipening a ie ies i akes 40–45 days. The second s age, om lowe ing o lea yellowing,
las s 25–35 days in ea ly and mid- ipening a ie ies, and 43–50 days in mid-la e a ie ies. The
hi d s age, om lea yellowing o ube ipening, akes 20–25 days in ea ly- ipening a ie ies, and
30–35 days in la e- ipening ones. The mos impo an pe iod is he second s age, du ing which 65–
75% o he ube yield is o med.
The homeland o he po a o is he coas al egions o Chile, whe e he clima e is mild, cool,
and humid. The soils a e ich in po assium, and ube o ma ion occu s unde condi ions o
abundan p ecipi a ion (mo e han 300 mm), high ela i e ai humidi y (o e 75%), mode a e
a e age daily empe a u es (10–15°C), and long-day pho ope iods (12–15 hou s). The e o e, in
he cou se o i s phylogenesis, he po a o plan has adap ed o low empe a u es, high humidi y,
and long dayligh condi ions. A p esen , nea ly 377 million ons o po a oes a e cul i a ed
annually in 156 coun ies wo ldwide.
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Po a o is a c op ha p e e s ela i ely low empe a u es. Sp ou ing and g eening o ube s
begin when he empe a u e ises abo e 5–6°C. Fo apid oo o ma ion o eme ging and newly
sp ou ed plan s, sowing is ca ied ou when he empe a u e eaches a ound 7°C. A empe a u es
o 18–20°C, plan s eme ge quickly. I un-sp ou ed seed ube s a e plan ed, eme gence occu s 6–
11 days la e . A dec ease in empe a u e o 10–12°C om sowing o eme gence delays sp ou ing
by 5–6 days. Fo sp ou ing, seed ube s equi e a sum o e ec i e empe a u es o 240–3000°C.
Du ing he g owing season, he equi ed a e age sum o e ec i e empe a u es (abo e 10°C) is
1000–1200°C o ea ly-ma u ing a ie ies, 1200–1400°C o mid-ma u ing a ie ies, and 1400–
1600°C o la e-ma u ing a ie ies.
Po a o is a c op demanding in e ms o soil nu ien s. This is linked o i s biological
cha ac e is ics and he weak de elopmen o i s ex ensi e biomass. On a e age, e e y 100 cen ne s
(10 ons) o po a o yield emo es 50 kg o ni ogen, 20 kg o phospho us, and 90 kg o po assium
om he soil. In e ms o nu ien emo al, po a o su passes mos c ops, excep o bee and some
indus ial and ege able c ops. The demand o nu ien s a ies depending on soil and clima ic
condi ions, le el o ag o echnology, soil e ili y, and a ie y. Unlike many o he c ops, in he ea ly
s ages o de elopmen , he po a o plan sa is ies i s nu ien needs om he seed mo he ube .
E en a e he plan has sp ou ed and su icien ly de eloped i s oo sys em, i con inues o use
nu ien s om he seed ube .
Po a o plan s a e highly demanding wi h espec o he main nu ien s. Fo po a o
cul i a ion, i is ecommended o apply pe 100 m² o land (one so ik) in pu e o m: 2.2 kg o
ni ogen, 1.7 kg o phospho us, and 1.1 kg o po assium.
Recommended Va ie ies o Po a o Cul i a ion: In he S a e Regis e o he Republic o
Uzbekis an, 63 po a o a ie ies a e included. The mos widely cul i a ed a e as ollows:
Ea ly-ma u ing a ie ies: La ona, F esco, Red Sca le ;
Medium-ea ly a ie ies: Condo , Ma ona, Romano, Ku oda, San e, Die a;
Mid-season a ie ies: Toyimli, Umid, Kok Sa oy, Se khosil, Aladdin, A inda, A no a;
Medium-la e a ie ies: Ak ob, Mondial, Diaman , Picasso, and o he s.
To inc ease yield, imp o e quali y, and ensu e ea ly ma u i y, sp ou ed ube s should be
used o plan ing. Plan ing sp ou ed ube s in sp ing inc eases yield by 12–15% and ensu es
ha es 10–15 days ea lie compa ed o unsp ou ed ube s. Locally p epa ed seed po a oes a e
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placed in sp ou ing ooms 30–35 days be o e plan ing, while impo ed seed po a oes a e placed
20–25 days ea lie . The sp ou ing oom should p o ide ligh and main ain a empe a u e o 18–
22°C.
Seed ube s a e so ed by size (40–60 g, 60–80 g, 80–100 g) and placed in 2–3 laye s on
loo s o acks (shel es), o in o boxes o 12–25 kg. When hand-plan ing wi h a hoe and co e ing
he sp ou s wi h soil, ube s wi h g een shoo s g own up o 3–4 cm can be plan ed. Tube s weighing
mo e han 100 g a e di ided in o wo o h ee pieces be o e sp ing plan ing.
Sp ing plan ing: Sou he n egions: Feb ua y 15 – Ma ch 1; Cen al egions: Feb ua y 25
– Ma ch 10; No he n egions: Ma ch 10–20.
Summe plan ing: Sou he n egions: ea ly a ie ies July 10–20, mid-season a ie ies June
5–20, la e a ie ies June 20–30; Cen al egions: ea ly a ie ies July 10–20, mid-season a ie ies
June 10–30, la e a ie ies June 10–20; No he n egions: ea ly a ie ies June 20–30, mid-season
a ie ies June 15–25, la e a ie ies June 5–10.
Seed ube s a e plan ed a a dep h o 5–8 cm. Fo e e y 100 m² (one so ik) o land, 30–35
kg o seed ube s weighing 50–70 g each a e used. Plan ing is ca ied ou manually wi h a hoe on
p e-p epa ed ields. The plan ing scheme is 70×30 cm o 90×25 cm.
The ield is i iga ed 1–2 imes be o e ull eme gence o seedlings, depending on soil and
wea he condi ions. As i iga ion s imula es apid weed g ow h, 4–6 days a e wa e ing, hoeing
be ween ows and idges should be pe o med. Abou 20–25 days a e eme gence, he i s
comp ehensi e cul i a ion is ca ied ou . Row spacing is loosened o a dep h o 15–16 cm, lea ing
a 10–12 cm p o ec ion zone om plan s. Plan s a e hen ligh ly hoed and weeds emo ed. A e
his, ni ogen e ilize (50%) is applied and ollowed by i iga ion. The second comp ehensi e
cul i a ion is pe o med 25–28 days a e he i s , o a he budding s age.
When po a oes a e plan ed in sp ing, he g owing season coincides wi h cool wea he and
mois soils, while he ube - o ma ion pe iod coincides wi h he onse o ho summe wea he .
The e o e, du ing ube o ma ion, ea ly po a oes equi e i iga ion e e y 5–6 days, a a a e o 4–
4.5 m³ pe 100 m² o land. La e po a oes a e i iga ed e e y 8–10 days. I iga ion is s opped 2–3
weeks be o e ha es . Selec ing seed ube s by size, shape, and o he ai s is an impo an measu e
o inc easing yields. When Colo ado po a o bee les i s appea , hey should be collec ed
manually. Once bee les begin o ep oduce and lay eggs, chemical con ol is ecommended. Fo
1000 m² (10 so ik) o po a o ield, he ollowing pes icides may be used: Ka a e 5% EC – 10 ml;
Con ido 20% EC – 5 ml; Mospilan 20% SP – 20–25 ml; Sumic Alpha 5% EC – 50 ml
These a e dilu ed in 60–70 li e s o wa e and sp ayed e enly ac oss he ield. Po a o ube s
a e o med a a dep h o 25–30 cm, so hey mus be dug ou deeply wi h a hoe. A his s age, he
soil should be mois o ensu e ha ube s a e ha es ed wi hou damage. The scien i ic sys em o
c op o a ion—al e na ing ege ables, melons, po a oes, and o he c ops along ields and oads—
is known as c op o a ion. The e a e h ee main ypes o c op o a ion: ield, odde (nea a ms),
and special o a ions. Special c op o a ions a e designed o cul i a ing ege ables, melons,
po a oes, obacco, ice, hemp, and simila c ops.
In ege able-g owing a ms, c op o a ion is a undamen al indica o o he a ming sys em
and cul u e, and one o he leading ac o s o ob aining high yields o ege able, melon, and po a o
c ops. P ope o ganiza ion o c op o a ion mus ake in o accoun soil and clima ic condi ions,
wa e a ailabili y, p oduc ion con ac s, specializa ion, economic indica o s, and o he ac o s.
Unde he condi ions o Uzbekis an, al al a (luce ne) holds p ima y impo ance in all c op o a ion
schemes. As a c op ha imp o es soil e ili y, en iches i wi h o ganic ma e and ni ogen, lowe s
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g oundwa e le els, and p e en s saliniza ion, al al a plays a c ucial amelio a i e ole. The e o e,
al al a is an essen ial componen o ecommended c op o a ions in a ms.
Recen ly, he Minis y o Ag icul u e o he Republic o Uzbekis an has ecommended an
eigh - ield c op o a ion sys em wi h al al a cul i a ed o h ee yea s. This sys em is also applied
in ege able, melon, and po a o o a ions. Fo po a o cul i a ion, he 3:3:3:1:1 o a ion scheme has
been conside ed op imal: 27% odde c ops, h ee ields o po a oes and wo o epea ed c ops
(46%), one ield o ege ables (18%), and one o melons (9%).
Conclusion
In ege able a ming, he use o epea ed, in e media e, companion, and g een manu e
(side al) c ops is one o he main ac o s o in ensi ica ion. Expanding epea ed sowings is one o
he mos impo an ese es o inc easing po a o p oduc ion. As K.A. Timi yaze emphasized:
“Each sunny day los wi hou use in meadows, ields, and o es s is an i e ie able weal h.”
Repea ed c opping is, he e o e, an e ec i e me hod o u ilizing sola ene gy in po a o cul i a ion,
allowing 2–3 ha es s pe uni o land.
REFERENCES
1. Dec ee o he P esiden o he Republic o Uzbekis an, Sep embe 8, 2025, PQ-269: “On
addi ional measu es o expanding po a o cul i a ion and de eloping seed p oduc ion.”
2. Os onaqulo T.E., O amu odo E.O., Nishono N.T., Os onaqulo a A.T. – Recommenda ions
on cul i a ing po a oes as a double-c op. Tashken , 2003.
3. Os onaqulo T.E. – P ac ical lessons in he echnology o ege able cul i a ion. Tashken ,
2001, 160 p.
