Co esponding au ho : Paschal Ikedi Azu uole
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Au oma ion and Robo ics: Sa e y Implica ions o Cons uc ion Robo s
Paschal Ikedi Azu uole *
Independen HSE Resea che , Nige ia.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 260-262
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 14 Ma ch 2025; e ised on 26 Ap il 2025; accep ed on 28 Ap il 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.26.2.1424
Abs ac
The humaniza ion o au oma ion and obo ics has changed cons uc ion me hods by imp o ing ou comes in e iciency
and elimina ing he need o human e o o high- isk asks. These inno a ions, howe e , ha e b ough abou some
eme ging sa e y issues, pa icula ly in human- obo in e ac ion (HRI), mechanical ailu e, and lack o adequa e aining.
This pape looks in o sa e y measu es ha may eme ge in he cons uc ion obo s based on he ex ensi e expe ience
ha H, S, and E ha e in e ms o ield pe o mance wi h he suppo o li e a u e. The pape o e s p ac ical measu es
such as collabo a i e planning, p edic i e main enance, compe ency-based aining, and ailo ed sa e y p o ocols o
ensu e sa e echnology deploymen on o cons uc ion si es.
Keywo ds: Cons uc ion Sa e y; Robo ics; Human-Robo In e ac ion; Au oma ion; Occupa ional Heal h; P edic i e
Main enance; Sma Cons uc ion
1. In oduc ion
Fo a long ime now, he cons uc ion indus y has been ecognized as one o he mos haza dous condi ions o wo k. I
has claimed 20 pe cen o wo kplace a ali y cases ac oss he globe (In e na ional Labou O ganiza ion, 2022). The
pe sis en challenge in sa e y and e iciency has la gely d i en he in eg a ion o obo ics and au oma ions in hese
p ocesses (Balague & Abde ahim, 2008). Tasks such as b icklaying, welding, demoli ion and inspec ion a e pe o med
oday by obo s ins ead o exposing hei human wo ke s o haza dous physical and en i onmen al isks (Bock, 2015).
While hese sys ems o e inc eased p ecision and consis ency, hey also in oduce new isks, pa icula ly conce ning
sa e y p o ocols, ope a ional e o s, and human- obo in e ac ion (Zhou, Ghasemi, & Noghabaei, 2017).
2. P ac ical Insigh s and Indus y Expe ience
2.1. Bene i s Obse ed om Robo ic In eg a ion
Field deploymen s ac oss high- isk in as uc u e and cons uc ion p ojec s demons a e se e al key ad an ages o
cons uc ion obo s:
•Reduced Manual Handling: Repe i i e s ain inju ies ha e dec eased signi ican ly due o obo ic subs i u ion in
hea y li ing and high- equency manual asks (Bock, 2015).
•Consis ency in P ecision Tasks: Unlike human wo ke s who may i e o a y in accu acy, obo s main ain
p og ammed pa ame e s in epe i i e asks such as conc e e dispensing o obo ic welding (Khoshne is,
Bellinge , & Kwon, 2006).
•Minimized Human Exposu e: Robo s ha e e ec i ely educed human p esence in con ined spaces and
haza dous zones du ing demoli ion o unde g ound inspec ions (Li e al., 2020).
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 260-262
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2.2. Eme ging Sa e y Conce ns
Despi e hei p omise, obo ics in cons uc ion in oduces unique isks:
• Unp edic able Human-Robo In e ac ions: Robo s ope a ing in dynamic cons uc ion en i onmen s can
misin e p e senso inpu s o ail o espond app op ia ely o human p oximi y, inc easing collision isks (Zhou
e al., 2017).
• Sys em Mal unc ions and Faul y Senso s: Real-wo ld inciden s in ol ing obo ic a ms and 3D p in e s highligh
he dange o senso ailu e and so wa e bugs (Zhong e al., 2020).
• Lack o Specialized T aining: A signi ican po ion o obo - ela ed sa e y inciden s a ise om human e o due
o insu icien aining and misunde s anding o obo ic ope a ing p ocedu es (Yoon, Pa k, & Lee, 2021).
• Uns uc u ed and Va iable En i onmen s: Unlike manu ac u ing loo s, cons uc ion si es cons an ly e ol e,
in oducing e ain, wea he , and wo k low unp edic abili y ha many obo s a e no ully equipped o manage
(Sawhney, Riley, & I iza y, 2014).
3. Recommenda ions o Sa e In eg a ion
3.1. Compe ency-Based T aining
The aining p og ams mus inculca e sa e y awa eness on obo ic ope a ions, eme gency esponses, machine logic, and
eal- ime in e ac ion managemen (Zhou e al., 2017). VR-based simula ions a e p oo ing easible o imme si e haza d
ecogni ion scena ios.
3.2. Collabo a i e Risk Assessmen
P e-deploymen collabo a ion among enginee s, HSE o ice s, and p ojec manage s is essen ial o iden i ying isks
associa ed wi h mechanics, beha io s, and in e aces (Gue in, 2021). Join planning should delinea e sa e y bounda ies
and ini ia e con ingency p o ocols.
3.3. P edic i e Main enance P o ocols
The scope o p edic i e analy ics allows o ea ly de ec ion o wea and ea , so wa e ins abili y, o calib a ion d i ,
hus p e en ing sa e y-c i ical ailu es (Zhong e al., 2020).
3.4. Adap i e S anda d Ope a ing P ocedu es
SOPs should emb ace obo ic- ela ed deploymen scena ios encompassing sys em es a , manual o e ide, all
p o ec ion o all obo ic uni s, and AI beha io modeling du ing powe in e up ions (Yoon e al., 2021).3.5 In eg a ed
sa e y cul u e.
A echnological sa e y cul u e ocuses on ongoing lea ning, isibili y, and he inco po a ion o obo s in sa e y audi s
and discussions o oolbox alks (Sawhney, e al., 2014). The wo ke eedback loops and he anonymous inciden
epo ing sys ems ha e o ensu e ha all nea -miss in e ac ions wi h obo s a e epo ed.
4. Conclusion
Cons uc ion obo ics a e able o ans o m in he way inju ies could be minimized and p oduc i i y inc eased as well
as undamen ally changing he way labo -in ensi e p ocesses look. Such sa e y isks need a new way o hinking abou
p epa ing and posi ioning aining, planning, and cul u e o handle hem. Sa e obo ic in eg a ion has p o en o be
achie able h ough delibe a e planning, in es men in wo k o ce educa ion, and dynamic sa e y p o ocols ha e ol e
wi h echnology. P ac ical expe iences a he si e co obo a ed by global esea ch highligh his asse ion. Jus as needed
o socie al de elopmen , so mus inno a ion ha e an equal pla e wi h heal h and well-being o mankind in o de o
ha e a u u e o cons uc ion sus ainable and sa e.
Re e ences
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