Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal 13: e163656
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e163656
Da a Pape
Di e si y o he cladoce ans (C us acea,
B anchiopoda) in he Republic o Ty a,
Russian Fede a ion
Nadezhda Ki o a , Vale ia Ki o a , Alexey Ko o
‡ Tu inian Ins i u e o he Explo a ion o Na u al Resou ces o he Sibe ian B anch o Russian Academy o Sciences,
Kyzyl, Russia
§ Na ional Resea ch Nuclea Uni e si y MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
| A.N. Se e so Ins i u e o Ecology and E olu ion o he Russian Academy o Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Co esponding au ho : Vale ia Ki o a (le a.o lano [email protected])
Academic edi o : Samee Padhye
Recei ed: 30 Jun 2025 | Accep ed: 16 Sep 2025 | Published: 06 Oc 2025
Ci a ion: Ki o a N, Ki o a V, Ko o A (2025) Di e si y o he cladoce ans (C us acea, B anchiopoda) in he
Republic o Ty a, Russian Fede a ion. Biodi e si y Da a Jou nal 13: e163656.
h ps://doi.o g/10.3897/BDJ.13.e163656
Abs ac
Backg ound
The cladoce an auna is well s udied ac oss he Palaea c ic, bu emains poo ly known in
he Republic o Ty a, Russia. Ou da abase ep esen s he esul s o he aunis ic su ey
o he cladoce ans in his egion pe o med du ing almos 30 yea s (1993–2022). A o al
o 902 si es we e in es iga ed, mos o hem being loca ed in moun ain a eas (49°45' –
53°46' No h la i ude and 88°49' – 98°56' Eas longi ude). The da ase includes he
cladoce ans sampled om pe manen and empo a y wa e bodies wi h a ying dep hs,
al i udes and salini y le els. Sampling was conduc ed using plank on ne s and hen
samples we e anspo ed o he Tu inian Ins i u e o Explo a ion o Na u al Resou ces o
he Sibe ian B anch o RAS o iden i ica ion and u he examined a he A.N. Se e so
Ins i u e o Ecology and Ecology RAS. Species we e iden i ied, based on ecen
monog aphs and ju enile specimens (some imes inde e minable, based on
mo phological me hods) we e excluded om he da ase . The da ase was published as a
‡ § |
© Ki o a N e al. This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License (CC BY
4.0), which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e
c edi ed.
Da win Co e A chi e in GBIF. Fo each sampling e en , he coo dina es o he loca ion,
da e and collec o a e eco ded.
New in o ma ion
The da ase con ains in o ma ion on zooplank on and mic ozooben hos om nume ous
pe manen and empo a y wa e bodies in he Republic o Ty a, Russian Fede a ion.
P e iously, he egion’s cladoce an auna was poo ly s udied.
Ou co e da a able includes 3,599 eco ds ep esen ing 76 species om 902 loca ions.
The mos species- ich amilies a e Chydo idae (30 species om 17 gene a) and
Daphniidae (26 species om 5 gene a). No in asi e species we e de ec ed.
The esul s o his s udy con ibu e o a deepe unde s anding o he plank on and
mic ozooben hos communi ies in he Cen al Asian moun ain egions.
Keywo ds
ield s udies, occu ence, Palaea c ic, species ichness, ben hos, zooplank on,
biodi e si y, GIB
In oduc ion
Wa e leas (C us acea, Cladoce a) a e common in a ious ypes o con inen al
wa e bodies and o en domina e in eshwa e zooplank on and mic ozooben hos
(Dumon and Neg ea 2002). Mo eo e , hey se e as model o ganisms in a ious
b anches o biological science (Lampe 2011, Smi no 2017). Howe e , hei s udy is
une en ac oss di e en egions o he wo ld, including wi hin he Palaea c ic. The
no he n egions, pa icula ly Eu ope and he Fa Eas , a e ela i ely well s udied (Alonso
1996, Ko o e al. 2011, Ko o chinsky e al. 2021a). In con as , hyd obiologis s ha e paid
much less a en ion o he sou he n egions o Cen al Asia, such as he Middle Asian
coun ies, Mongolia and sou he n Sibe ia (Alonso 2010, Dadykin e al. 2024).
These egions a e home o se e al majo moun ain anges, including he Pami s, Tien
Shan and Sayans. Moun ain ecosys ems a e known o hei unique auna, o en
con aining local endemics. Du ing he Pleis ocene glacial cycles, se e al e ugia o
mic oscopic eshwa e o ganisms we e loca ed he e (Hewi 2000, Zuyko a e al. 2019).
Despi e his, ela i ely ew s udies on Cladoce a ocus on hese a eas.
The Republic o Ty a is amongs such unde explo ed egions. The i s eco ds o
c us aceans om his egion da e back o he ea ly 20 cen u y (Sa s 1903). Du ing he
So ie e a, a numbe o publica ions ela ed o ishe ies in Ty a appea ed (G eze and
G eze 1958, Gund ize 1975).
h
2Ki o a N e al
A sys ema ic s udy o Tu inian wa e leas began in he 1990s. Since hen, se e al pape s
ha e been published (Ko o 1999, Ki o a 2021, Sine e al. 2021, Ki o a and Oydup
2022). Howe e , only a small p opo ion o he egion’s wa e bodies ha e been sampled
so a .
A de ailed s udy o he cladoce an auna in Ty a is u gen ly needed and a o mal
in en o y is he i s s ep in his di ec ion.
Gene al desc ip ion
Pu pose:The aim o his pape was o desc ibe he cu en cladoce an auna o he
Republic o Ty a, based on a ecen ly published da ase , which con ains esul s o he
su ey in his egion pe o med du ing almos 30 yea s (1993–2022) (Ki o a e al. 2024).
P ojec desc ip ion
Ti le:Di e si y o he cladoce ans (C us acea, B anchiopoda) in he Republic o Ty a,
Russian Fede a ion
Pe sonnel:Nadezhda A. Ki o a, Vale ia O. Ki o a, Alexey A. Ko o
S udy a ea desc ip ion:The s udies encompassed he Republic o Ty a (Russian
Fede a ion), co e ing he basins o he Yenisey Ri e , he G ea Lakes Dep ession and
he Selenga Ri e (49°45' – 53°46' No h la i ude and 88°49' – 98°56' Eas longi ude)
(Figs 1, 2).
Figu e 1.
Loca ion scheme (49°45' – 53°46' No h la i ude and 88°49' – 98°56' Eas longi ude) o he
s udied wa e bodies in he Republic o Tu a.
Di e si y o he cladoce ans (C us acea, B anchiopoda) in he Republic ... 3
Sampling me hods
Desc ip ion:The p esen ed da ase on he axonomic composi ion and abundance o
cladoce ans in he Republic o Ty a is based on he au ho s' o iginal samples. The
species lis includes only na i e species; no in asi e species we e eco ded.
Sampling desc ip ion:All samples we e collec ed using plank on ne s om he sho e
and om a boa in he case o la ge lakes and ese oi s (Fig. 3). Species iden i ica ion
was ca ied ou , based on he la es guides o cladoce ans (Ko o chinsky e al. 2021a).
Species lis s we e checked agains GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (2021) (GBIF Sec e a ia
2023).
Quali y con ol:Species iden i ica ion was p ima ily based on he la es monog aphs,
de eloped wi h he pa icipa ion o A.A. Ko o (Ko o e al. 2010, Ko o chinsky e al.
2021a). Ju enile specimens we e iden i ied o he genus le el and excluded om his
da ase .
In he cou se o ou p e ious s udies on he cladoce ans o Ty a, se e al pape s we e
published in in e na ional jou nals (Ko o 1999, Ki o a 2021, Sine e al. 2021, Ki o a
and Oydup 2022), epo ing se e al new eco ds o Russia. The axonomic
nomencla u e is gi en in acco dance wi h he axonomic checklis o GBIF Backbone
Taxonomy (GBIF Sec e a ia 2023); scien i ic names we e u he alida ed using he
GBIF species ma ching ool. To acili a e publica ion on he GBIF ne wo k, he eco ds
we e o ma ed in acco dance wi h Da win Co e speci ica ions (Wieczo ek e al. 2012).
S ep desc ip ion:Zooplank on samples we e collec ed by il e ing wa e h ough a
plank on ne , ei he in he subli o al zone o open wa e om a boa . The samples we e
Figu e 2.
Layou o he s udied wa e bodies in he Republic o Tu a.
4Ki o a N e al
concen a ed o 100 ml and ixed in a 4% o malin solu ion acco ding o con en ional
me hod (Ko o chinsky e al. 2021a).
Zooplank on specimens we e ini ially examined using a Leica MZ7.5 s e eoscopic
mic oscope (Leica Mic osys ems, Ge many). Indi idual specimens we e picked wi h a
plas ic pipe e, placed in d ops o a glyce ol-wa e solu ion (1:1) and analysed using an
Figu e 3.
Wa e bodies o he Republic o Ty a, Russian Fede a ion. A Lake Chagy ay, Ulug-Khem
dep ession; B Lake Su -Khol, Alash Pla eau; C Lake Azas, Todzhin dep ession; D o me sand
qua y nea Ri e Ulug-O, Todzha; E Biy-Khem basin; Sayano-Shushenskoe Rese oi ; F
Ri e Du gen, mid-s eam, Ulug-Khem dep ession; G Ri e Mezhegey, Ulug-Khem
dep ession; H Ri e Tapsa loodplain, Biy-Khem basin. Pho os by N.A. Ki o a.
Di e si y o he cladoce ans (C us acea, B anchiopoda) in he Republic ... 5
Olympus CX41 ligh mic oscope (Olympus Co po a ion, Japan). A e p ocessing, all
samples we e s o ed in he i s au ho ’s pe sonal collec ion o u he axonomic and
mo phological s udies. Ini ially, all eco ds we e inco po a ed in o he las au ho ’s local
da abase in Mic oso Access. They we e hen p epa ed o impo o GBIF using Mic oso
Excel. The da ase ield names we e chosen acco ding o Da win Co e s anda ds
(Wieczo ek e al. 2012).
We ha e also calcula ed he a e o :
1) ben hic-phy ophylous axa (Suppl. ma e ial 1) li ing in he mac op ype hicke s in he
li o al zone, on he bo om o in he uppe laye o bo om sedimen s (i is di icul o
dis inguish uly phy ophylous and bo om species in case o he cladoce ans, as many
axa could li e in bo h bio opes);
2) plank onic axa li ing in he wa e column bo h in pelagic o subli o al zone;
3) neus onic axa spending much ime a ached o he bo om side o he wa e su ace
ilm.
In o ma ion on he mode o li e was ex ac ed om p e iously published da a
(Ko o chinsky e al. 2021b).
Un o una ely, o da e, a zoogeog aphic analysis o ou da a seems o be p ema u e as
many e ealed axa ep esen , in eali y, g oups o non- e ised congene species wi h
p esumably di e en geog aphic anges and ecological p e e ences (Ko o chinsky e al.
2021b). The a e o ben hic-phy ophylous/plank onic/neus onic axa was 56.6/38.1/5.3 (in
%) o he species and 60.0/38.4/6.6 o eco ds; he e o e, ben hic-phy ophylous axa
domina ed in Tu a wa e bodies (Fig. 4) simila ly o o he wa e bodies o Eu asia (Ko o e
al. 2013, Ko o chinsky e al. 2021b. Eu ybio ic ben hic-phy ophylous axon Chydo us
sphae icus was ound in mos wa e bodies, while plank onic Daphnia longispina was
e y common in esh wa e bodies and Moina mongolica domina ed in b ackish
wa e bodies.
Geog aphic co e age
Desc ip ion:The Republic o Ty a is loca ed in he middle o he Asian con inen ,
occupying a la ge e i o y (ca. 168,600 km ) in sou he n Sibe ia and bo de ing Mongolia
in he sou h. Landscapes o he Republic a e e y di e se,including moun ain idges and
pla eaus (moun ains occupy 82% o he e i o y) and in e moun ain i e alleys
(Sido enko 1966). The main ea u es o he landscape we e o med he e du ing he
Caenozoic (Baza o 1986). In gene al, Ty a is inged by high moun ains ( he Sayan
Moun ains in he no h and he Eas Sibe ian Moun ains in he eas ), wi h he la Tu a
Basin loca ed in i s cen al and sou he n pa s.
The clima e is sha ply con inen al. Win e s a e long, os y and windless; sp ings a e
sho , clea , windy and d y; summe s a e sho , cool and d y in he moun ains, bu ho and
2
6Ki o a N e al
d y in he lowlands; au umns a e d y and sunny, wi h occasional pe iods o hea .
P ecipi a ion in he lowlands anges om app oxima ely 150 o 400 mm pe yea , while in
moun ainous a eas, i a ies om 400–600 mm o 800–1000 mm pe yea , wi h maximum
p ecipi a ion occu ing in summe . The os - ee pe iod las s 90–116 days and he
g owing season spans 150–160 days. Pe ma os is common h oughou he e i o y
(E im se 1957, Bakh in 1968).
Di e se la i udes and clima es c ea e a a ie y o aqua ic en i onmen s, anging om
high-al i ude moun ain lakes o "lowland" i e s and empo a y wa e bodies a
app oxima ely 1000 m a.s.l. Mos o he Republic o Ty a lies wi hin he Ulug Khem
(Yenisey Ri e ) Basin, which is o med by he con luence o he Biy Khem (La ge Yenisey)
and Kaa Khem (Li le Yenisey). A smalle po ion o he e i o y belongs o he endo heic
Mongolian G ea Lakes Dep ession, while a mino a ea is pa o he Selenga Ri e
Basin. App oxima ely 6,700 lakes a e eco ded wi hin he Republic. The di e se
landscape and clima ic condi ions con ibu e o he seasonal hyd ological dynamics
ac oss di e en ypes o wa e bodies (Klopo a 1957, A akchaa and Ku ba skaya 1998).
Coo dina es:49°45' – 53°46' No h la i ude; 88°49' – 98°56' Eas longi ude.
Figu e 4.
Numbe s o each axon eco ds in 902 loca ions in he Republic o Tu a: ben hic-phy ophylous
( ed), plank onic (blue) and neus onic (g een) axa.
Di e si y o he cladoce ans (C us acea, B anchiopoda) in he Republic ... 7
Taxonomic co e age
Desc ip ion:The da ase con ains in o ma ion on 76 species om 35 gene a
documen ed in he Republic o Tu a, wi h each eco d geo e e enced. The ollowing
amilies a e ep esen ed: Bosminidae, Ce copagididae, Chydo idae, Daphniidae,
Eu yce cidae, Holopedidae, Ilyoc yp idae, Lep odo idae, Mac o h icidae, Moinidae,
Polyphemidae and Sididae. The da ase comp ises a o al o 3,599 eco ds (Dadykin e
al. 2024).
The umbe o e ealed species ep esen s 27% o he o al numbe o species in he
whole o No he n Eu asia (76 s. 287, see Ko o chinsky e al. (2021a)) and 28% o he
species in he Palaea c ic (Ko o e al. 2013). This numbe is compa able wi h ha o
Tajikis an (75, see Dadykin e al. (2024)) which also includes moun ain and lowland
po ions.
Fo una ely, no non-indigenous axa we e iden i ied. Howe e , i should be no ed ha
only a mo phological app oach was used and molecula me hods could po en ially de ec
such axa wi hin c yp ic species complexes.
Tempo al co e age
No es:The p esen ed da ase con ains in o ma ion on he di e si y o cladoce ans in he
Republic o Ty a du ing he ege a ion seasons o 1993 o 2022 in he Yenisey and
Selenga Ri e Basins and in he Dep ession o G ea Mongolian Lakes.
Collec ion da a
Collec ion name:The zooplank on collec ions o he Tu inian Ins i u e o he Explo a ion
o Na u al Resou ces o he Sibe ian B anch o Russian Academy o Sciences and he
collec ion o he labo a o y o aqua ic ecology and in asions o A.N. Se e so Ins i u e o
Ecology and Ecology o RAS.
Usage licence
Usage licence:O he
IP igh s no es: CC BY 4.0
Da a esou ces
Da a package i le:Di e si y o he cladoce ans (C us acea, B anchiopoda) in he
Republic o Ty a, Russian Fede a ion
Resou ce link: h ps://doi.o g/10.15468/ns642b
8Ki o a N e al
Al e na i e iden i ie s: h ps://www.gbi .o g/da ase / ca47d2 -0188-4c55-b46a-20aa0
5ed76c7
Numbe o da a se s:1
Da a se name:Di e si y o he cladoce ans (C us acea, B anchiopoda) in Republic
o Ty a, Russian Fede a ion
Download URL: h ps://api.gbi .o g/ 1/occu ence/download/ eques /0080518-2505
25065834625.zip
Da a o ma :Da win Co e
Desc ip ion: The da ase p o ides in o ma ion on 76 species om 35 gene a ound
in he Republic o Tu a, each documen ed wi h co esponding geog aphic
coo dina es (Ki o a e al. 2024). These axa belong o he ollowing amilies:
Bosminidae (2 species om 1 genus), Ce copagididae (1 species om 1 genus),
Chydo idae (30 species om 17 gene a), Daphniidae (26 species om 5 gene a),
Eu yce cidae (1 species om 1 genus), Holopedidae (1 species om 1 genus),
Ilyoc yp idae (2 species om 1 genus), Lep odo idae (1 species om 1 genus),
Mac o h icidae (5 species om 3 gene a), Moinidae (5 species om 1 genus),
Polyphemidae (1 species om 1 genus) and Sididae (2 species om 2 gene a). The
da ase comp ises 3,599 eco ds.
Each obse a ion in he da ase includes basic me ada a: loca ion (la i ude and
longi ude), obse a ion da e, obse e name and iden i ie . Coo dina es we e
eco ded in si u using a Ga min eT ex 32x (Ga min L d., USA).
Column label Column desc ip ion
ype The na u e o gen e o he esou ce.
e en ID An iden i ie o he se o in o ma ion associa ed wi h an e en (some hing ha
occu s a a place and ime).
e en Da e The da e when ma e ial om he ap was collec ed o he ange o da es du ing
which he ap collec ed ma e ial.
basisO Reco d The speci ic na u e o he da a eco d.
occu enceID An iden i ie o he Occu ence (as opposed o a pa icula digi al eco d o he
occu ence).
con inen The name o he con inen in which he loca ion occu s.
coun y Coun y o he sampling si e.
coun yCode The s anda d code o he coun y in which he Loca ion occu s.
s a eP o ince The name o he nex smalle adminis a i e egion han coun y (s a e, p o ince,
can on, depa men , egion e c.) in which he loca ion occu s.
highe Geog aphy The name o geog aphic sub- egions.
Di e si y o he cladoce ans (C us acea, B anchiopoda) in he Republic ... 9
