In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
Vol. 2, No. 7, July, 2015
ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
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766
Cloudy Spine Me a-Sys em P oposed Model in
Small Businesses P ocess Managemen
Sa oo a Agha Da oud Jol aie
1
M.A o In o ma ion Technology Managemen , Resea ch and Science
Uni e si y, Teh an, I an
Ali Rajab Zadeh
Facul y Membe , Assis an P o esso o Resea ch and Science
Uni e si y, Teh an, I an
Ma yam Rashki
PhD S uden o Beha io al Managemen , Uni e si y o Sis an and
Baluches an, Zahedan, I an
Zah a Hemma
M.A o En ep eneu ship, Uni e si y o Sis an & Baluches an, Zahedan, I an
Abs ac
Cloudy compu ing by o e ing he scalable in as uc u e and a ailable
capabili ies as a se ice o small and medium-sized businesses has changed he
game. I is a pa adigm ha compu ing esou ces a e a ailable anywhe e and
any ime and businesses can ake ad an age o i in he same way as hey consume
u ili ies like wa e and elec ici y. Due o he impo an ole o small and
medium-sized businesses in I an economy, he aim o his s udy is o design a
cloudy Spine o small businesses. Acco ding o he iews o expe s in he ield
o IT and cloudy compu ing, in o ma ion and da a in his ield a e collec ed by
obse ing, p elimina y and sys ema ically in e iews. S udies show ha his
business model p o ides a win-win solu ions o small and medium-sized
businesses p o ide and cloud se ice consume . A he end, i is p esen ed o
he cloudy Spine model.
Keywo ds: Cloudy Compu ing, Me a-Sys em, Cloudy Spine model, Small
Businesses O ganiza ion
Ci e his a icle: Jol aie, S. A., Rajab Zadeh, A., Rashki, M., & Hemma , Z. (2015). Cloudy
Spine Me a-Sys em P oposed Model in Small Businesses P ocess Managemen . In e na ional
Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics, 2(7), 766-779.
1
Co esponding au ho ’s email: sa.aghada [email protected]
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
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ISSN 2383-2126 (Online)
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767
In oduc ion
In 2001 he e we e only 60 million ansis o s o e e y man and in 2010 he e we e a
housand million ansis o s o e e y man. One housand billion mobiles wi h came a
we e sold in 2007 ha his amoun is 450 million mo e han in 2006. In 2011, wo
housand millions indi iduals mee hei needs in web and in e ne wo ld, and in hese
yea s housands o millions o objec s, such as ca s, came as, highways and e c. was
connec ed o he In e ne . Acco dingly, he wo ld a ound us is ge ing mo e in elligen ,
sma e and sma e ime o ime.
Small and medium-sized businesses ha e he u mos impo ance in he economic
g ow h o a coun y. These kind o businesses ypically ha e small po ions o ICT,
he e o e, so hey mo e likely don’ ha e access o skilled pe sonnel, in o ma ion
echnology and i s sophis ica ed in as uc u e and managemen ools. In addi ion, small
and medium-sized businesses ypically don’ ha e esea ch and de elopmen uni s in
o de o suppo om he esea ch ma ke unc ioning. This unde lying condi ion, makes
cloudy compu ing a po en ial and high cos ool in o de o educe cos s and also by
p o iding a aluable ool wi h well-de ined se ices and p o ides o he se ices and side
in o ma ion such as esponse imes, peak business pe iods, ailu e a e, and e o ,
au oma ic e en s logging which is p o ided by cloud, hese all can imp o e decisions o
businesses, hese de iciencies a e including o limi ed inancial esou ces and human
esou ces. These limi a ions, a e weaken he small and medium sized-businesses owa d
la ge companies in he inancial, planning, moni o ing, educa ion and in o ma ion
echnology.
The Concep o Cloudy Compu ing
Cloudy compu ing can be de ined as a new compu ing pa adigm which can
empo a ily le use s enjoy hei compu ing in as uc u e on ne wo k. Cloudy compu ing
is o e ed by he cloud p o ide as a se ice in one o mo e le els o abs ac ion (Youse ,
2008).
Buyya and colleagues sugges ha "dis ibu ed and pa allel compu ing cloud sys ems,
which includes a se ies o in e connec ed and i ual compu e s, which dynamically
p o ides esou ces and se ices and as one o mo e in eg a ed compu ing sou ces
acco ding o an ag eemen o le el-se ices, is o e ed h ough nego ia ion be ween
se ice p o ide s and consume s” (Buyya,2011). Con e gence cloudy compu ing
o e s wo majo app oaches in in o ma ion echnology:
1. Pe o mance o IT in which mode n compu e echnology ge s much mo e
e icien , which is used h ough he scalable ha dwa e and so wa e esou ces.
2. Business Agili y, in which in o ma ion echnology can be used as a compe i i e
ool h ough apid deploymen , pa allel ba ch p ocessing, using business analysis
in a ocused compu ing way and mobile p ac ical-in e ac i e p og amming ha in
eal ime esponse o cus ome s’ needs (Kim, 2009).
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Acco ding o he de ini ion o he In e na ional Ins i u e o S anda ds and Technology,
cloudy compu ing is an accessibili y o a se o compu ing esou ces in e ms o demands,
an encompassing solu ion ha o e s all compu ing esou ces quickly (ha dwa e,
so wa e, ne wo king, s o age, e c.) based on use s’ demands. Cloudy compu ing se ices
by p o iding a ailable compu ing se ices h ough me hods simila o u ili ies such as
elec ici y and gas o e he In e ne , o e s and p omises majo changes in business and
in o ma ion echnology (Mell, G ance,2011). This is a de ini ion ha is exp essed in
s anda d and o mally way and can be conside ed as e e ence in his s udy.
Types o Cloudy Compu ing Se ices
Cloud-based se ices based on he abs ac ion le el o he p o ided unc ionali y
se ices a e di ided in o h ee g oups:
1
- In as uc u e as a se ice - IaaS
2-Pla o m as a se ice - PaaS
3- So wa e as a se ice- SaaS (Mell, G ance, 2011).
Figu e (1) shows cloud laye s om physical in as uc u e o applica ions and
p og ams. These le els o abs ac ion can be seen as a laye ed a chi ec u e whe e he
uppe -laye se ices can be composed o a lowe laye (Youse , 2008). Buyya and his
colleagues’ e e ence model, shows he ole o each laye in an in eg a ed a chi ec u e
(Buyya, 2011).
Figu e 1. Cloudy Compu ing laye s (Hogan, 2013)
Following p ope ies desc ibed om he cloud economic pe spec i e.
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Elas ici y capabili y o cloud will lead o an au oma ically scalabili y o
compu ing esou ces ha will lead o a educ ion o inc ease in he se ices based
on demand ha is coun ed as a ype o o wa d planning.
Rapid deploymen esul ed by he mo e e icien de elopmen o li e cycle,
because he p oduc ion sys ems easily can be implemen ed.
In as uc u e Abs ac ion and easiness in accessing o applica ions will lead o
an independency o p o ided se ices om he loca ion and de ices. This bene i
enables as e p ocu emen and in eg a ion se ices h ough a
web in e ace wi h he lowe isk.
Mul i- enancy p o ides a si ua ion in which one sample o applica ion uns
simul aneously o mul iple use s. A ull o pa ial Mul i- enancy means ha he
cos o s o ing, edi ing and enhancing cus ome se ice is di ided.
Quali y o cloud se ices ensu es p o iding a imely deli e y a any ime h ough
e ec i e use o he esou ces. Se ice a ailabili y and scalabili y ob ained h ough
eplica ion, dis ibu ion and load balancing da a.
These ea u es signi ican ly imp o e he echnical pe o mance h ough mo e e icien
u iliza ion o esou ces and cos -e iciency, by lowe ing he impac o cos s in edi ion and
lowe ing he en e ing and p ocu emen cos s and educing he consumed ime o make
alue. O cou se all his depends on he scale cloud deploymen model (Dubey, 2007).
Cloudy Compu ing Accoun able Agili y O ganiza ions
Weine (1948) eleased Cybe ne ics as eedback and con ol in biological and
mechanical sys ems. In he cybe ne ic model, he ocus is on he con ol and
command ea u e in he o ganiza ion. The key ea u e which is commonly called
managemen (Bee , 1979). Bee (1975) a gued ha he o ganiza ion which is likely o be
ac i e in hei en i onmen p obably ha e he complexi y, p obabilism and homeos asis,
in which he o ganiza ion used sui able cybe ne ic me hods o he analysis (Bee , 1979).
Is he e any winning business model ha o he companies can use i ? Wha kind o
a chi ec u e sys em o in o ma ion echnology can ha e he bes suppo o his business
model?
The Business model which accoun able companies a e used, gi es hei business uni s
a high deg ee o au onomy in he way o how o access he business objec i es and hey
a e cons an ly wo king o explo e he ma ke and encou age hem o new
oppo uni ies. Business uni s in hese kind o o ganiza ion a he han hie a chies a e
o ganized in o ne wo ks. This p ocess, eleased business uni s o deal wi h hose asks so
ha hey can be ocused on ac i i ies ha gene a e e enue o hem. I also enables he
company o ake ad an ages and bene i om he scale economies in p o iding he
suppo se ices. And hese ne wo ks ha un he s uc u es a e suppo ed h ough a
combina ion o communica i e and compu ing echnology ha p o ides and deli e ies
se ices a any ime and any place on he In e ne . This combina ion o echnology and
In e na ional Jou nal o Managemen , Accoun ing and Economics
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se ices a e he same cloudy compu ing. The agili y and esponsi e o ganiza ional
s uc u e is shown in Figu e 1 (Ho man, 2013).
Figu e 2: G ow h o agili y o ganiza ions (Ho man, 2013).
Cha ac e is ics o he Cloudy and SMEs
Small and medium-sized businesses inc easingly ely on e ec i e pa ne ship wi h i s
supplie pa ne s. Business se ices should be deli e ed in a eliable and p edic able
me hod, and his is a low o in o ma ion ha is passed back and o h be ween small and
medium-sized businesses h ough he cloud (Dababneh, 2007).
Figu e 3. Small and medium-sized businesses and hei ela ionships (Dababneh,
2007)
En e p ise
Coo dina o
Business uni
Business uni
Business uni
Business uni
New
Coo dina o
Business uni
SME
Sub-
Ac i i y
Main
Ac i i y
Main
Ac i i y
Sub-
Ac i i y
Cus ome
Cus ome
Supplie
companies
Supplie
companies
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Small and medium businesses as usual in he case o he p esence o he IT
depa men s ha e small In o ma ion and communica ions, so hey a e likely o ha e no
access o skilled pe sonnel and o in o ma ion echnology and complex in as uc u e and
managemen ools. In addi ion, small and medium-sized businesses usually ha e no
de elopmen and esea ch uni s o suppo he unc ioning o he common esea ch
ma ke . This unde lying condi ion, makes cloudy compu ing a po en ial and a aluable
ool o educe cos s and p o ides wi h well-de ined se ices and p o ides o he se ices
like side in o ma ion such as esponse ime, peak business pe iods, ailu e a e, and e o ,
au oma ic e en s logging, which cloud o e s, all can imp o e business decisions.
The in o ma ion echnology uni is o med o many small and medium businesses as a
simple pe sonal compu e , so wa e, and some imes local ne wo k. Oppo uni ies o
cloudy compu ing is in eg a ed wi h In e ne access. Wi h he In e ne , small and medium
businesses, hey can ha e mo e communica ion such as e-mail, web and e-comme ce
se ices wi h each o he . Mail se ices wi h a cus om domain name, o example, may be
ollowed by a business a home by o e ing cloud se ices o be p o ided. P o ided
cus omized e-mail in business, howe e , need access o email’s expensi e se e s. On he
o he hand, by educing he cos o cloudy se ices, cloudy cus omized business email
hos ing p o ide s like Google a e al eady e y low cos o e en ee i ems a e
a ailable. O he ac o s ha inc ease he compe i i eness o cloudy se ices is including
o inc easing he needs o s o age and issues o wo k o ce managemen equi emen s.
In gene al compu ing needs o small and medium businesses depend la gely on he
na u e o i s business. F om he h ee main se ices o , cloudy compu ing, business
compu ing needs o SMEs in de eloping coun ies, he mo e ocus is on in as uc u e
cloudy se ices op ions as a se ice and so wa e as a se ice, owa d pla o m as a
se ice. The businesses ha a e in ol ed in so wa e de elopmen in de eloping coun ies
a e lowe . Many al e na i e cloud-based so wa e such as O ice 365 a e om Mic oso
o ice Mic oso and Google Docs Google.
Now he majo heme o in o ma ion echnology is cloudy compu ing. Because all da a
and applica ions on a compu e when hey can be s o ed in he cloud, so you can access
hem om any compu e . Applica ions and cloud compu ing bene i s o companies
associa ed wi h he de elopmen o in o ma ion echnology in o ganiza ions, uni e si ies
and indus ies. Despi e he po en ial ad an ages o e ed by cloud compu ing,
o ganiza ions a e eluc an o accep i (Ma hew, 2012). The ollowing a e he ac o s
a ec ing he agili y and esponsi eness o small and medium-sized businesses.
- Reduc ion o Fixed Cos s: In o de o o e coming he unce ain y o he
en i onmen , small and medium-sized businesses should educe hei ixed cos s. To
su i e, small and medium sized businesses need o achie e b eake en down o ocus
hei ope a ions.
- In o ma ion Technology: Exac ly like indus ial echnology o he las cen u y ha
c ea ed he assembly line which is o e ed he bene i om he economies o scale, agili y
and esponsi e o ganiza ion o in o ma ion echnology in his cen u y, causing he
con inuous espond which o e s p o i s om he ma ke and he cus ome s' needs
al e na i es. Cloudy communica ions o da a communica ions and In e ne -based oice
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communica ions applica ions ha a e hos ed by a hi d pa y ou side he o ganiza ion, and
makes hem a ailable o he public cloud (bee , 1979).
A simple classi ica ion o business sys ems in he business model a e as ollows:
1. Connec ing sys ems
2. Adap i e Sys ems
3. Sys ems Cus ome s
Figu e 4. Sys em o Small and Medium size Business (Bee .1979).
Me a sys em asks o S a o d Bee (1975) a e e y simila o he pe o med du ies
which we e done by he o ganiza ional coo dina ing in an accoun able o ganiza ion
model. I we combine hese wo models and Me a sys em and coo dina ing asks in he
cloud echnology, we will ha e cloud-based business model. We pu Me a Sys em and
coo dina ion asks in he cloud, because hey wo k collabo a i ely oge he and a he e is
a e y e ec i e cloud pla o m o coope a ion be ween small and medium sized
businesses a ound he wo ld. Business in elligence and simula ion sys ems in he cloud
Small and Medium-sized businesses
P o ide o
supplie
P o ide
o supplie
P o ide
o supplie
Cus ome
Cus ome
Cus ome
2 .- Sys em o
Cus ome s:
•P oduc design
•Ca ee Planning
•Cus ome Rela ionship
•Suppo sales
•Cus ome Se ice
3. Adap i e Sys ems:
• Business P ocess Managemen
• Business In elligence
• Modeling and Simula ion
• Ma ke ing
• Accoun ing, En e p ise Resou ce
Planning
• Human Resou ces
1. Sys em connec ion:
• In e ne , EDI, Wi eless
• Social Ne wo ks
• Collabo a i e Applica ions
Cus ome se ice
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can make all small and medium-sized businesses in ne wo k mo e isible and b igh e so
ha hey see he s a us o ne wo k ope a ions in eal ime. Cloud business model o small
o ganiza ions p o ides equi e sys ems o small and medium businesses in his s uc u al
s udy o agili y and esponsi e o his ype o o ganiza ion and has wo main componen s,
cloudy Me a sys em which is he cloud o small businesses and i is he Spine o he
cloud. The du ies o a me a-sys em is planning and coo dina ion o he business ne wo k
and p o ides he use o business in elligence sys ems and simula ion o small and
medium en e p ises.
- Coope a ion: Wha makes a bunch o bi ds mo e as a single en i y? The e's mo e
o a leade bi d ge s o he s o do some hing. This apid and coo dina ed beha io o la ge
g oups o people, called he bunch-like mo e. Wha we lea n abou dynamics
g oup mo emen is ela ed o he way we do business in he eal economy and go e nance
s uc u e.
The cloudy Spine Model o Small Businesses P ocess Managemen
Modeling and simula ion a e new ca ego y o so wa e which is used by la ge
o ganiza ions o make be e decisions, and hese decisions ha e signi ican esul s in
o ganiza ional ope a ions and hei p o i abili y. La ge o ganiza ions we e used om
simula ion sys ems in o de o make decisions abou how he o ganiza ion's ope a ions
should be done in ci cums ances which ha e ne e been aced wi h. Simula ion sys ems
p o ide a me hod o apidly add ess he c isis.
Modeling and simula ion sys ems which a e o e ed h ough he cloud o small
businesses, suppo s small and medium-sized businesses in he a eas o p oduc ion. The
cloud-based simula ion sys ems ocused on echnologies and inno a i e manu ac u ing
p ocesses which he need o simula ion o hem is based on clien s equi emen s in o de
o s eng hen he supply o he applica ion and demand. Simula ion se ices p o ides an
achie emen in scien i ic and echnical excellence so ha o ha e be e p oduc s and
sys ems wi h imp o ed pe o mance, quali y and be e du abili y makes i possible o
small and medium businesses o ha e a as e and mo e e icien access in p oduc ion o
he design o he enginee ing se ices, p o o yping, aining and knowledge ans e ing.
This ask o he cloud, p oduc i i y, adap abili y and sus ainabili y o small and
medium sized businesses imp o e he p oduc ion and h ough he deli e y o simula ion
se ices sys ems in o de o help he de elopmen o p oduc s and se ices o compe e in
he global indus ial con ex .
Cloudy business model o small o ganiza ions p o ides equi e sys ems o small and
medium-sized businesses in his agili y and esponsi e s uc u al s udy o his ype o
o ganiza ions and has wo main componen s, cloudy Me a sys em which is he same cloud
o he small indus ial businesses and he cloudy Spine, which will be desc ibed in de ail
in he ollowing cases.
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Figu e 5. Cloudy Spine model o small businesses p ocess managemen
Small and Medium-sized
businesses
Cloudy Me a-Sys em
In e connec ing Sys ems
- In e ne , EDI, Wi eless
- Social Media
- Collabo a ion
Applica ions
3. Adap i e Sys ems:
Business P ocess
Managemen (BPM)
- Business In elligence
- Simula ion Modeling
- Ma ke ing
- Accoun ing/ERP
- Pu chasing
- HR, Pay oll
- Financial Repo ing
Specializa ion Sys ems:
- Cus ome Con ac
- P oduc Design
- Job Scheduling
- Sales Suppo
- Cus ome Se ice •
Cus ome Se ice
Sme1
Sme2
Sme3
Sme4
Sme5
Ge ing
hings done
Ge ing
Things done
Ge ing
Things done
Ge ing
Things done
Ge ing
Things done
SME
Sub-
Ac i i y
Main
Ac i i y
Main
Ac i i y
Sub-
Ac i i y
Cus ome
Cus ome
Supplie
companies
Supplie
companies
Cloud-based ne wo ks composed
o a me asys em o coo dina ion
and a “cloud backbone” o which
companies ha join he ne wo k
can connec .
As indus y-speci ic
ne wo ks a ac mo e and
mo e companies hey become
“indus y ope a ing sys ems”
ha o e a ield- es ed se o
applica ion sys ems and
indus y bes p ac ices.
