u co e age assessmen wi h
assess_ms 3
EU ARC Public Reposi o y
8 Oc obe , 2025
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
Table o Con en s
1 P esen s a us (2025-10-08) ................................................................................................................ 4
2 So wa e layou ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 assess_ms.py and un_assess_ms_public.py..................................................................................... 5
3 Dependencies........................................................................................................................................ 6
4 Usage o un_assess_ms_public.py..................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Known issues ........................................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 P epa a ions o be done only once (se up) ......................................................................................... 7
4.3 Selec ing he da a included in he assessmen .................................................................................. 8
4.4 Running " un_assess_ms_public.py" o a gi en MOUS ..................................................................... 8
5 DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en .................................................................................. 11
5.1 O e iew .............................................................................................................................................. 11
5.2 The u co e age epo (assess_ms- epo . x )................................................................................ 11
5.2.1 Example o a epo om a da ase wi h good u co e age............................................................ 11
5.2.2 Example o a epo om a da ase wi h wo se u co e age .......................................................... 13
5.2.3 Unde s anding he u co e age epo .............................................................................................. 16
5.3 Diagnos ic plo s .................................................................................................................................. 18
5.3.1 The 1D baseline leng h dis ibu ion (BLD): obse ed, expec ed ...................................................... 18
5.3.2 The 1D Filling F ac ion (FF) ................................................................................................................ 18
5.3.3 The 2D Filling F ac ion (FF) ................................................................................................................ 19
5.3.4 The Azimu hal Inhomogenei y plo .................................................................................................... 21
5.3.5 The hou -angle plo ............................................................................................................................. 22
5.3.6 The ela i e sensi i i y as a unc ion o BL (a.k.a. " la sensi i i y" plo )......................................... 23
5.3.7 The Mosaic Field Check plo .............................................................................................................. 24
5.3.8 The Missing Visibili ies plo ............................................................................................................... 25
5.3.9 The chi2 s. AR plo ............................................................................................................................ 26
6 Running on 7M da a............................................................................................................................ 28
7 Running on G oups ............................................................................................................................. 29
2
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
The ALMA u co e age assessmen ool
You can ind a discussion o he ideas implemen ed in his ool in he ollowing publica ions:
Pe y, Diaz T igo, Kneissl, Toledo, e al. 2024 (h ps://doi.o g/10.1117/12.3012662 , h ps://a xi .o g/
abs/2406.13199).
Pe y, Diaz T igo, Kneissl, Toledo, e al. 2020 ( h ps://doi.o g/10.1117/12.2557596 , h ps://a xi .o g/
abs/2012.08993 ).
This so wa e is published on Zenodo: h ps://zenodo.o g/ eco ds/16682282
Please e e ence
– 3
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
1 P esen s a us (2025-10-08)
La es e sion is assess_ms_public 3.0.1
consis ing o
assess_ms.py 3.4, illdish.py 3.0,mshis o ools.py 3.1, un_assess_ms_public.py 3.1
The package is a ailable o download om he ollowing link:
assess_ms3.0.1_public. gz1 ( e e ence: h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.16682282)
1. h p://almascience.eso.o g/a cdis ibu ion/cb44e19b3c0 0c c1197731 4da1c307/assess_ms3.0.1_public. gz
P esen s a us (2025-10-08)– 4
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
2 So wa e layou
2.1 assess_ms.py and un_assess_ms_public.py
assess_ms.py is a Py hon 3 module o use wi hin CASA. Tes ed CASA e sions a e 6.6.1 and 6.6.6 .
The co e me hod is
assess_ms.assess_ms()
Fo he mos common use cases o ALMA use s, a w appe was added wi h ixed pa ame e s and
comp ehensi e e o handling:
un_assess_ms_public.py
So wa e layou – 5
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
3 Dependencies
To un assess_ms you need
CASA 6.6.1 o CASA 6.6.6
casa-6.6.1-17 (RHEL8)2 , CASA 6.6.6-17 (RHEL 8)3
casa-6.6.1.17 (MacOS 12)4,CASA 6.6.6-17 (MacOS 14)5
mshis o ools.py , illdish.py - Py hon modules de eloped by he eam o he 2020-2024 ALMA
de elopmen s udy on u co e age assessmen and imp o ed u he a ESO in 2025.
These a e included in he assess_ms dis ibu ion a ball.
All o he Py hon modules needed by assess_ms a e pa o he s anda d CASA 6.6.1 o 6.6.6
monoli hic dis ibu ions.
Fu he mo e, he w appe un_assess_ms_public.py equi es he package
ImageMagick 6.9
o make he shell command line ool "mon age" a ailable.
This package is a ailable on all Linux pla o ms.
On MacOS, you will need o ins all imagemagick and ghos sc ip .
Seeh ps://legacy.imagemagick.o g/sc ip /download.php
I mon age is no a ailable, assess_ms will s ill wo k bu he colla ion o plo s on a single pd will no be
done.
2. h ps://casa.n ao.edu/download/dis o/casa-pipeline/ elease/linux/casa-6.6.1-17-pipeline-2024.1.0.8-py3.8.el8. a .xz
3. h ps://casa.n ao.edu/download/dis o/casa-pipeline/ elease/linux/casa-6.6.6-17-pipeline-2025.1.0.35-py3.10.el8. a .xz
4. h ps://casa.n ao.edu/download/dis o/casa-pipeline/ elease/osx12/casa-6.6.1.17-pipeline-2024.1.0.8-12.0-py38.dmg
5. h ps://casa.n ao.edu/download/dis o/casa-pipeline/ elease/osx14/casa-6.6.6.17-pipeline-2025.1.0.35-14.0-a m64-
py310.dmg
Dependencies– 6
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4 Usage o un_assess_ms_public.py
How o un he u co e age assessmen ool ("assess_ms") o a gi en MOUS o GOUS:
4.1 Known issues
1) 7M da ase s con aining 12M an ennas a e p esen ly only suppo ed i you ha e lagged all
isibili ies om baselines wi h 12M an ennas. The 12M an ennas a e some imes in en ionally added
o 7M a ay obse a ions a highe equency bands in o de o use hei wa e apou adiome e s. - I
you a e including such 7M EBs in you se o MSs o be assessed, you p esen ly need o lag all 12M
an ennas using he "an enna" pa ame e in ask lagda a (e.g. lagda a( is='myms.ms',
an enna='10,11,12') whe e he an enna IDs 10, 11, and 12 a e hose o he 12M an ennas). You will
hen see a wa ning in he CASA logge saying "De ec ed a he e ogeneous a ay wi h all 12m an ennas
lagged in myms.ms, will ea as 7m-only da a.".
4.2
P epa a ions o be done only once (se up)
1) Ob ain he assess_ms package and ins all i :
m - assess_ms3.0_public # emo e old e sion i p esen
wge h p://almascience.eso.o g/a cdis ibu ion/cb44e19b3c0 0c c1197731 4da1c307/
assess_ms3.0.1_public. gz
a x assess_ms3.0.1_public. gz
2) Edi you copy o " un_assess_ms_public.py" o adap i o you wo king en i onmen .
cd assess_ms3.0_public
<you edi o > un_assess_ms_public.py
The main poin is o edi he alue o a iable "assessms_di " and eplace he s ing <you pa h he e>
by he absolu e pa h o he di ec o y which you c ea ed by unpacking he a ball in s ep (1) abo e
(assess_ms3.0_public).
Secondly, you can edi he alue o he a iable "ms_pa e n" o e lec he names o he MSs you will
ypically wan o p ocess wi h assess_ms. De aul pa e n is "uid*.ms.spli .cal/" . The p ocessing will
include all MSs in he wo king di ec o y which ma ch his pa e n.
The wo king di ec o y is he di ec o y whe e you un he assessmen .
The de aul pa e n can be o e idden wi h he "-p" op ion on he command line. See below.
Usage o un_assess_ms_public.py– 7
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4.3 Selec ing he da a included in he assessmen
assess_ms will p ocess all MSs in he wo king di ec o y which ma ch he pa e n which you ha e se in
he un_assess_ms_public.py sc ip o gi en wi h he "-p" op ion on he command line (see below o
an example).
F om he selec ed MSs, assess_ms will iden i y he science a ge s and pick he i s one (lowes ield
ID) in he i s MS and hen subsequen ly pick he ield wi h he same name in he emaining MSs.
I he e is mo e han one ield wi h same name in he i s MS, assess_ms will assume i is dealing wi h
a mosaic and include all mosaic ields (see he "mosaic ield check" below) o he chosen ield name.
Simila ly, i will pick a ep esen a i e spec al window as he i s science SPW (lowes SPW ID) and in
ha he cen al channel as he ep esen a i e one. in case i doesn' ind any use ul da a in his SPW, i
will i e a e o e he o he science SPWs un il i inds one wi h un lagged da a.
I you would like assess_ms o p ocess a pa icula science a ge o he han he au oma ically chosen
one, and/o a science SPW o he han he i s one, you can achie e his by spli ing ou he da a o
in e es in o a new se o MSs and unning assess_ms on hose.
No e ha all science SPWs wi h less han 5 channels a e igno ed by de aul . Howe e , i he e is only
one science SPW in he MS, assess_ms will use ha e en i i has less han 5 channels.
Simula ed da a om he CASA simula o can be assessed like no mal da a. The ield names in he
FIELD able need o be consis en like o eal obse a ions i you wan o p ocess se e al MSs
oge he .
Simula ed da a by de aul do no con ain en ies in he SCHEDULE column o he OBSERVATION sub-
able o he MS. I you wan o simula e a GROUP, you need o ill di e en en ies in o his column in
o de o indica e which ( ake) MOUS each inpu MS comes om.
As an al e na i e o spli ing ou he da a o in e es , you can use he mo e complex unde lying
assess_ms.assess_ms() unc ion which has many inpu pa ame e s o con ol all aspec s o he
p ocessing. Please consul he help ex o ha unc ion o mo e in o ma ion.
Gene ally i is ecommended ha you ope a e on MSs which con ain only he science da a, i.e. ha e
been spli ou om he MSs con aining all da a. This accele a es he p ocessing.
4.4 Running " un_assess_ms_public.py" o a gi en MOUS
Follow he de ailed desc ip ion in he heade o he sc ip ex
cd <di ec o y con aining he MSs o be assessed, e.g. PL "wo king" di >
casa --nologge -c <you pa h o he assess_ms di ec o y>/ un_assess_ms_public.py
Usage o un_assess_ms_public.py– 8
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You can use command line op ion "-p" o o e ide he de aul MS selec ion pa e n se in he sc ip like
in his example
casa --nologge -c <you pa h o he assess_ms di ec o y>/ un_assess_ms_public.py -p
"<pa e n>"
whe e "<pa e n>" can be an exp ession like "*_ a ge s.ms" . NOTE: you need o ype he quo es
a ound he pa e n!
You should see a ious diagnos ic messages displayed on he e minal. A he end, you will see a lis
o he u co e age de ec s ound.
Once he call o CASA has comple ed, you wo king di ec o y should con ain one one new di ec o y
"assess_ms_ou pu " which con ains a a ie y o iles which a e desc ibed in he ollowing:
Example con en o MOUS "uid___A001_X1467_X1de", a 12M obse a ion wi h wo EBs:
ou pu _assess_ms/
|-- EB-uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al.hou angle.png
|-- EB-uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al.obs_and_exp.png
|-- EB-
uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al_12M_217.845GHz_a 0.451. ill
ac bin.png
|-- EB-
uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al_12M_217.845GHz_a 0.451. ill
ac bin_sec o s.png
|-- EB-
uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al_12M_217.845GHz_a 0.451. ms
bin.png
|-- EB-
uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al_12M_217.845GHz_a 0.451_2DFF
.png
|-- EB-
uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al_12M_217.845GHz_a 0.451_2Dmi
ss is.png
|-- EB-
uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al_12M_217.845GHz_a 0.451_AZ0-
45.obsexp bin.png
|-- EB-
uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al_12M_217.845GHz_a 0.451_AZ0-
45. ms bin.png
|-- EB-
uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al_12M_217.845GHz_a 0.451_AZ13
5-180.obsexp bin.png
|-- EB-
uid___A002_Xe20b32_X66 8.ms.spli .cal_e _al_12M_217.845GHz_a 0.451_AZ13
5-180. ms bin.png
|-- EB-
Usage o un_assess_ms_public.py– 9
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casa [QA] FF Chi2 o AZ cons i [0.004, 0.056, 0.0799, 0.1347,
0.9959, 0.6792, 0.6644, 2.9494, 5.2055, 3.7497]
casa [QA] Baseline o ien a ion is no homogeneous in BL ange 7 =
216 m - 246 m
casa [QA] Baseline o ien a ion is no homogeneous in BL ange 8 =
246 m - 276 m
casa [QA] Baseline o ien a ion is no homogeneous in BL ange 9 =
276 m - 306 m
casa [QA] Baseline o ien a ion is no homogeneous in 3 BL anges.
casa [QA] Da ase has 9 u co e age de ec s o _12M_336.471GHz
AR=0.863 a csec, LAS=8.864a csec
casa [QA] De ec s ound:
casa [QA] Baseline o ien a ion is no homogeneous in BL ange 7 =
216 m - 246 m
casa [QA] Baseline o ien a ion is no homogeneous in BL ange 8 =
246 m - 276 m
casa [QA] Baseline o ien a ion is no homogeneous in BL ange 9 =
276 m - 306 m
casa [QA] Filling ac ion below 0.25 in ange 70.0% - 80.0% o
AZ 0.0-45.0 deg : 0.2132
casa [QA] Filling ac ion below 0.25 in ange 70.0% - 80.0% o
AZ 45.0-90.0 deg : 0.0
casa [QA] Filling ac ion below 0.25 in ange 80.0% - 90.0% o
AZ 0.0-45.0 deg : 0.0
casa [QA] Filling ac ion below 0.25 in ange 80.0% - 90.0% o
AZ 45.0-90.0 deg : 0.0
casa [QA] Filling ac ion below 0.5 in uppe 10% o expec a ion
bin ange o AZ 0.0-45.0 deg .
casa [QA] Filling ac ion below 0.5 in uppe 10% o expec a ion
bin ange o AZ 45.0-90.0 deg .
5.2.3 Unde s anding he u co e age epo
The assessmen loops o e he inpu MSs one o mo e imes o de e mine he o e all p ope ies o he
da ase and hen compu es an expec ed 2D BLD o compa e he obse ed BLD o.
The compa ison o obse ed and expec ed BLD hen accumula es a lis o "de ec s" which is shown a
he end o he epo unde he i le "Summa y o de ec s ound".
Based on he numbe and na u e o hese de ec s, one may come o a decision on whe he he u
co e age can be ega ded as good.
The ollowing able shows he ypes o de ec s and an indica ion o hei se e i y (FF is he
abb e ia ion o "Filling F ac ion" = a io o obse ed BLD en y and expec ed en y):
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 16
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
De ec Type Se e i y
Indi idual 2D BLD bin FF below 0.25 (12M) o 0.35 (7M) mino
Baseline o ien a ion is no homogenous in AZ in one adial bin mino
FF below 0.5 in uppe mos bin o expec a ion ange o one AZ bin mino
FF below 0.5 in uppe mos bin o expec a ion ange o all AZ bins majo
2D BLD FF in whole 45 deg AZ sec o is below 0.5 majo
2D BLD FF in he same adial bin o all AZ is below 0.25 majo
Mosaic co e age is incomple e by mo e han 1% majo
This means ha i he FF is low (<25% o 12M, <35% o 7M) only in indi idual AZ bins, a ew o such
de ec s can be ole a ed.
Equally i he he co e age is no su icien ly homogenous in indi idual adial bins.
Howe e , i he illing ac ion is below 50% in he same adial bin ac oss all AZ bins, his is eason o
ha e a close look a he u co e age.
Same i he FF o he longes baselines is low.
I he illing ac ion is below 50% o all adial bins in he same AZ sec o (d op-ou sec o ), you
should ha e a close look a you PSF.
Finally, i he obse a ion is a mosaic, hen i he e is mo e han 1% o all mosaic ields no co e ed,
his is epo ed as a de ec , e en hough i is no echnically one o u co e age.
Mo e impo an han he numbe o de ec s is looking a hei ypes and he s udy o he diagnos ic
plo s.
The mos eg egious de ec is he d op-ou o comple e AZ sec o s because his means ha you
da ase is missing in o ma ion on a comple e ange o
baseline o ien a ions and so you image may show a dis o ed, misleading shape o he b igh ness
dis ibu ion.
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 17
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
5.3 Diagnos ic plo s
5.3.1 The 1D baseline leng h dis ibu ion (BLD): obse ed, expec ed
The plo ed expec a ions a e o max angula esolu ion (AR) alue (wo s esolu ion, black), and o
min ang. es. alue (bes esolu ion, g een). These a e he alues +-20% away om he nominal alue
used o compu e he expec a ion.
The exac alues used (a csec) a e gi en by he las wo numbe s in he i le o he plo .
The expec a ion op imises PSF shape, i.e. ep esen s he mos "Gaussian" PSF o he gi en angula
esolu ion and o e all sensi i i y assuming 43 an ennas o he 12M a ay (see 7M and G oup
p ocessing no es u he below).
I also ies o sa is y he LAS equi emen bu is no mean o e i ying he achie emen o he LAS.
5.3.2 The 1D Filling F ac ion (FF)
The FF is based on he expec a ion o he AR de i ed om he L80 (in 10 equidis an bins o baseline
leng h (BL) be ween min and max BL).
The expec a ion used he e has he same unc ional o m as he ones shown in he BLD plo abo e, bu
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 18
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
is compu ed speci ically o he AR de i ed om a i o he expec a ion o he obse a ion, o i ha
ails, om he L80 o he obse a ion.
The AR is gi en in he ile name and plo i le. I he AR was de i ed om he L80, also he s ing
"L80" is added o he ile name and plo i le.
This scheme is also applied o he o he diagnos ic plo s
NOTE: we de ine he FF as he a io obse ed/expec ed weigh ed sum o in eg a ion coun in each BL
bin.
The weigh s ake in o accoun Tsys di e ences be ween an ennas wi hin one EB and absolu e a e age
Tsys di e ences be ween EBs. In o de o mimic he execu ion ac ion calcula ion, he a e age Tsys
o each EB is limi ed o a maximum o 1.5 imes he expec ed Tsys o he ep esen a i e obse ing
equency om he ALMA sensi i i y calcula o .
NOTE: his plo is p oduced in wo e sions once o all azimu hal sec o s combined and once as ou
o e layed pe -sec o plo s
5.3.3 The 2D Filling F ac ion (FF)
... based on he same pa ame e s as he 1D FF bu calcula ed o 4 ( ou ) azimu hal 45 deg ee sec o s
sepa a ely.
NOTE: since he "sign", i.e., he di ec ion o he baseline ec o can be igno ed, he baseline o ien a ion
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 19
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
is an angle be ween 0 deg and 180 deg only. The o he hal o he plo is simply a mi o copy o he
i s hal o con enience.
The plo ed FF is capped a 2.5 so he colo scale can show mo e de ails in he impo an ange
be ween 0 and 2.
Good sensi i i y ( o op imal PSF) is achie ed in all g een and blue egions. Pink egions a e
o e exposed.
In ed egions, he sensi i i y is below he accep able limi .
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 20
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
5.3.4 The Azimu hal Inhomogenei y plo
In each o he en BL bins, he alue o he FF should ideally be he same in each o he ou azimu hal
sec o s. This plo shows he chi2 o a i o a cons an unc ion o he ou alues o he azimu hal bins
o each BL ange.
These alues quan i y wha can be seen en a i ely al eady om he inspec ion o he 2D FF and EF
plo s.
A chi2 alue > 2.0 is a sign o s ongly di e en alues in di e en sec o s which is equi alen o
ha ing a e y asymme ic beam o he co esponding BL bin.
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 21
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
5.3.5 The hou -angle plo
This plo is a his og am o he hou angle o he science a ge wi h an en y o each in eg a ion ( o a
channel o he ep esen a i e SPW). The plo is ela ed o he azimu hal comple eness o he u
co e age since wide hou -angle co e age inc eases he comple eness o he " acks" o each baseline
in he u plane.
The ideal hou angle plo is symme ic a ound HA == 0 h (culmina ion) and co e s a ange o a leas 4
hou s.
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 22
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
5.3.6 The ela i e sensi i i y as a unc ion o BL (a.k.a. " la sensi i i y" plo )
Fo each o he en BL bins, his plo shows he a io o he achie ed image RMS and he expec ed
RMS assuming ha he o e all sensi i i y is achie ed e enly o e he o al expec ed angula scale
(baseline leng h) ange. On his plo "smalle is be e ". The nai ely expec ed alue is uni y (1.0) in all
en bins. A use ul alue o he max eco e able scale and he angula esolu ion can be de ined as he
la ges and smalles angula scales (smalles and la ges baseline leng hs) whe e he en ies in his
plo ise abo e 2.0, i.e. whe e he RMS is wice as la ge as expec ed. I he RMS does no each his
alue a one o bo h ends, he compu a ion alls back o using he L05 o he MRS and he cen e o
he uppe -mos BL bin o he AR.
NOTE: his plo is p oduced i e imes: once o all azimu hal sec o s combined and one each o he
ou sec o s.
This plo is only p oduced o indi idual MOUSs, no o GOUSs (see sec ion on G oup assessmen
below).
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 23
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
5.3.7 The Mosaic Field Check plo
I he obse a ion is a mosaic, he PSF will be assessed o all ields (poin ings) combined o p oduce
he plo s desc ibed abo e.
In add ion, he mosaic ields will also be assessed sepa a ely by c ea ing 1D FF plo s o each o hem
and o e laying hem in o one plo colo izing by ield.
The expec a ion o ideal PSF will also be shown (in black).
Any mosaic ields which ha e a u co e age which de ia es signi ican ly om he o he s will be
immedia ely ob ious.
Usually, he ag eemen among he ields is e y good. I ha is he case, all o he diagnos ics can be
in e p e ed as i he obse a ion had only a single ield.
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 24
EU ARC Public Reposi o y – u co e age assessmen wi h assess_ms 3
5.3.8 The Missing Visibili ies plo
This plo complemen s he 2D FF plo by showing in which a eas o 2D BL plane addi ional
obse a ions would be equi ed o achie e he mos Gaussian PSF.
The equi emen is shown in each bin in uni s o " isibili y seconds" simila o he 1D BLD plo .
This plo is only p oduced o indi idual MOUSs, no o GOUSs (see sec ion on G oup assessmen
below).
DESCRIPTION o he ou pu di ec o y con en – 25
