Copy igh © The Au ho (s). All Righ s Rese ed © 2025 GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE |INT. Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch|
DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL
COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
By:
Udeogu Joy I unanya and Udeogu Lo e h Chinenye
Abs ac :
The s udy de e mined di e si y and eam managemen as p edic o s o o ganiza ional
e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e. The s udy was guided by
wo esea ch ques ions and wo null hypo heses es ed a 0.05 le el o signi icance. The s udy
employed co ela ional esea ch design. The a ea o he s udy was a Anamb a S a e. The
popula ion o he s udy consis ed o 3397 membe s and he sample size was o 358 membe s
o coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e. One ins umen was used o da a collec ion which
was alida ed. The eliabili y o he ins umen s was es ablished using C onbach Alpha wi h
coe icien o 0.855 which aim high o he s udy. The mean sco e whe e used o asce ain he
e ec i eness o wo p edic o s. Mean and s anda d de ia ion we e employed o answe
esea ch ques ions. The null hypo heses whe e es ed using eg ession and obse ed
p obabili y alue (P-Value) a he se p obabili y alue o 0.05 le el o signi icance. The
s udy ound ha di e si y and eam managemen signi ican ly p edic he o ganiza ional
e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e which ein o ces exis ing
schola ly e idence on he bene i s o wo k o ce he e ogenei y. Based on hese indings, he
s udy ecommended ha he Ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies should implemen equi able
managemen ha ensu e balanced ep esen a ion ac oss gende , age, e hnici y, disabili y
s a us and eligious a ilia ion.
Keywo ds:
Di e si y, Team Managemen , Ag icul u al Coope a i e Socie ies O ganiza ional
E ec i eness.
How o ci e: I unanya, U., & Chinenye, U. (2025). DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS
OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA
STATE. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(8), 15-28.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17293339
Manusc ip ID: #02108
10.5281/zenodo.17293339
Vol. 08 Issue 08 Augus - 2025
e-ISSN 3050-9602
p-ISSN 2795-4340
Page 15 o 28
I unanya, U., & Chinenye, U. (2025). DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(8), 15-
29. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17293339
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Volume 8 Issue No 08 (2025) Access: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/a
In oduc ion
Communi ies ha e long bene i ed om he essen ial ole coope a i e socie ies played in hei
socioeconomic de elopmen , especially in u al and ag a ian se ings. Ancho ed in p inciples
o mu ual help, sha ed esponsibili y and democ a ic con ol, coope a i es a e olun a y
associa ions ha uni e people o mee common economic, social and cul u al needs h ough a
join ly owned en e p ise. Coope a i es a e membe -owned o ganiza ions o med o mee
sha ed economic needs, go e ned democ a ically o o e bene i s like g oup ba gaining and
mu ual suppo . Coope a i e socie ies in Nige ia ake di e en o ms such as c edi ,
consume , housing and ag icul u al coope a i es which a e c i ical in ag a ian egions (Uneze
e al, 2024). These ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies enable membe s o pool esou ces o
pu chasing inpu s, accessing ma ke s and sha ing isk. In Anamb a S a e is a egion
cha ac e ized by densely popula ed u al a eas whe e ag icul u al coope a i es play
ins umen al oles in boos ing p oduc i i y and li elihoods. Thus, ag icul u al coope a i e
socie ies a e among he majo o ms o coope a i es ope a ing wi hin he s a e.
Ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies a e associa ions o a me s who come oge he wi h a
common aim o achie e hei economic and social needs. Ag icul u al coope a i es can be
single o mul iple pu pose coope a i es, ag icul u al inpu supply coope a i es, ma ke ing
coope a i es, ag icul u al c edi coope a i es, machine y coope a i es, land acquisi ion
coope a i es, li es ock p oduce s’ coope a i es, ishe men coope a i e socie ies, oil mill
coope a i es, ice mill coope a i es, e c.(Onuoha, 2023).These coope a i es p omo e a m
business sus ainabili y and ood secu i y; coope a i e membe s expe ienced measu able
inc eases in p oduc i i y and ood-secu i y indices compa ed o non-membe s. Coope a i e
could hen pool he holdings o land imp o emen and in ensi e cul i a ion, using mode n
echnologies. These de ini ions emphasize collec i e owne ship, con ol and economic
collabo a ion which a e cen al o he pe o mance and sus ainabili y o ag icul u al
coope a i es.
Ag icul u al coope a i es a e essen ial o he g ow h and de elopmen in Anamb a S a e.
They p o ide se ices such as c edi p o ision, inpu supply, ex ension and ma ke ing among
o he se ices hey signi ican ly posi i ely ela ed o po e y educ ion among u al a me s
(Nwankwo & Akonu, 2019). In addi ion, ag icul u al coope a i e ac i i ies clea ly enhance
membe li elihoods and communi y wel a e o ganiza ional e ec i eness de e mines how
well hese de elopmen al goals a e me in Anamb a and Nige ia a la ge. Ag icul u al
coope a i e p o ides locally needed se ices, employmen h ough access o c edi o
p oduc i i y and inpu o a me s, coope a i es also p o ide se ices which will acili a e
ou pu o membe s (Jimoh, 2012, Adegoke e al,2023). In he same ein, i also helps in
c ea ing p oduc i e employmen and aise income o i s membe s which p omo es
o ganiza ional e ec i eness (Dyal ane, 2015, Adegoke e al, 2023).
Globally, coun ies like Ne he land, New Zealand and Denma k ha e been known o
p o ision o c edi , inpu supply, ex ension and ma ke ing among o he s. Fo example,
Denma k ag icul u al coope a i e A la Foods amba ( a me -owned ac oss DK/SE/DE/UK,
DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL
COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
© 2025 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e & Resea ch
e c.) achie ed inc eased e enue due o he e lec ing e icien boa d go e nance,
p o essional managemen , and c oss-bo de membe in eg a ion.
Wi hin Nige ia, s a es like Ebonyi and Kogi One o he highes -pe o ming s a es in Nige ia
in e ms o ag icul u al coope a i es, hese e o s ha e led o measu able imp o emen s in
he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i es. In Anamb a S a e, he
managemen o ag icul u al coope a i es a e g adually adop ing di e si y and eam
managemen o enhance he o ganiza ional e ec i eness.
O ganiza ional e ec i eness e e s o he capaci y o an o ganiza ion o achie e hei aims
and goals e icien ly, sus ainably and bene icially. In ag icul u al coope a i es, i
encompasses he abili y o deli e se ices (c edi , inpu , ex ension, ma ke ing), main ain
membe sa is ac ion and sus ain ope a ions. O ganiza ional e ec i eness in ag icul u al
coope a i es is seen in hei e idence-based bene i especially h ough in e en ions such as
aining, c edi mechanisms, mechaniza ion and in e nal membe con ol p omo es imp o ed
a m pe o mance. These ag icul u al Coope a i es socie ies e ec i ely supply inpu s and
ma ke ing se ices signi ican ly enhance human de elopmen indica o s among a me s.
These coope a i e in e en ions ha e shown o d i e po e y educ ion (Nwankwo &
Akonu, 2019). These ou comes unde sco e ha e ec i e o ganiza ional unc ion in
coope a i es leads o angible economic and social imp o emen s in Nige ia.
Globally, challenges o o ganiza ional e ec i eness in ag icul u al coope a i es includes
inadequa e inance, poo a endance, poo in as uc u e, agmen ed land, and limi ed
a mland, poo accoun abili y and anspa ency which hampe echnology adop ion and hus
he e ec i eness o coope a i es. Fo ins ance, in p ima y ag icul u al ma ke ing
coope a i es in Tanzania, s udies ound ha in Bukoba Dis ic , 63% o membe s indica ed
ha “ ew membe s a end mee ings”, while in Moshi Dis ic he igu e was
23.5%highligh ing une en and o en low pa icipa ion in coope a i e go e nance. Simila ly,
a s udy o co ee coope a i es in Bushenyi and Sheema Dis ic s in Uganda ound inadequa e
membe pa icipa ion among he key cons ain s o coope a i e g ow h and sus ainabili y.
Wi hin Nige ia, s a es like Ogun and Kaduna One o he highes -pe o ming s a es in Nige ia
in e ms o Ag icul u al coope a i es, bu expe iences poo inance. In Anamb a S a e,
ag icul u al coope a i es a e expe iencing poo inance due o he low inancial in ol emen
caused by he ha dship ha he economy o he na ion b ough abou .
The negligence o o ganiza ional e ec i eness migh cause ag icul u al coope a i es no o
gene a e in ended membe bene i s. Ine ec i e coope a i es may o e poo inpu deli e y,
un esponsi e ex ension se ices o inadequa e ma ke ing channels, unde mining u al
p oduc i i y. In Anamb a, coope a i es lacking obus s uc u es may be unable o in luence
a m sus ainabili y, ood secu i y o human de elopmen ou comes iden i ied as signi ican ly
linked o coope a i e ac i i y. The absence o e ec i eness impedes po e y educ ion and
widens u al inequali y. Mo eo e , subpa o ganiza ional e ec i eness unde mines he abili y
o ha ness he ull po en ial o membe di e si y limi ing inclusion o you h, women o
I unanya, U., & Chinenye, U. (2025). DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(8), 15-
29. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17293339
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Volume 8 Issue No 08 (2025) Access: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/a
ma ginalized g oups. This means inadequa e o ganiza ional e ec i eness can se e ely
endange s ag icul u al coope a i e impac and highligh s he need o unde s and di e si y.
Gene al de ini ion o di e si y is he p esence and engagemen o he e ogeneous membe s
b inging di e en pe spec i es and iden i ies. Di e si y e e s o he inclusion and
ep esen a ion o indi iduals wi h a ied cha ac e is ics, such as age, gende , educa ion o
socio-economic backg ound, wi hin an o ganiza ion. Fo ag icul u al coope a i es, di e si y
implies including women, you h and ulne able g oups in membe ship, leade ship and
ope a ions. Such ep esen a ion en iches decision-making, b oadens se ice ele ance and
os e s equi y wi hin o ganiza ional p ocesses. Di e si y e e s o a wide ange o indi iduals
who exhibi di e ences in cha ac e is ics, a ibu es, backg ounds and pe spec i es. These
di e ences can encompass a ious dimensions such as ace, e hnici y, gende , age, sexual
o ien a ion, eligion, disabili y, socioeconomic s a us, educa ional backg ound and mo e (Cox,
1993).
Di e si y o o ganiza ional e ec i eness, in ol es inclusi e ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies
ha inco po a e women, you h and di e en a me s who a e mo e likely o adop
inno a ions and espond o a ied membe needs, he eby imp o ing e ec i eness. Yami e
al, (2024) e ealed ha in eg a ing gende and you h wi hin ag icul u al esea ch and
inno a ion ini ia i es signi ican ly enhances dissemina ion and adop ion o new p oduc s.
Mo e so, he in eg a ion enhances se ices and p ocesses in A ica wi h s udies spanning
mul iple coun ies including Nige ia. The enhancemen o he in eg a ion indica ed ha
di e se membe g oups inc eases legi imacy, pa icipa ion and esponsi eness. Managing
di e si y e ec i ely ensu es all oices con ibu e posi i ely o eam managemen ha
in ol es coo dina ing a ious indi iduals h ough e ec i e eams which is c i ical o
ansla ing di e si y in o coope a i e success.
Team managemen en ails o ganizing, guiding and coo dina ing g oups o indi iduals wi h
complemen a y skills owa d sha ed goals, emphasizing communica ion, accoun abili y and
sha ed leade ship. Melo e al (2020) conduc ed a comp ehensi e e iew showing a clea
posi i e ela ionship be ween leade ship p ac ices and o ganiza ional accoun abili y, hough
no ing ha p ac ical adop ion emains limi ed, i a i ms he idea ha e ec i e eam
managemen mus embed accoun abili y in o leade ship s uc u es. i in ol es delega ing
esponsibili ies, p omo ing collabo a ion, esol ing dispu es and coo dina ing uni ied e o s
owa d sha ed goals. Wi hin ag icul u al coope a i es, i en ails o ganizing a me membe s
ac oss go e nance s uc u es, commi ees and daily ope a ions o enhance g oup pe o mance
and achie e common objec i es.
Team managemen is a c i ical mechanism h ough which di e en membe con ibu ions
yield posi i e coope a i e pe o mance. Gene ally, eam managemen is g adually gaining
ecogni ion among ag icul u al coope a i es, al hough i emains inconsis en ly p ac iced.
Coope a i es ha adop eam-based s uc u es pe o m be e in o ganizing g oup a ming,
p oduc ma ke ing and inancial accoun abili y. Fo ins ance, Coope a i e membe s exhibi
consis en ly highe echnical e iciency in maize p oduc ion compa ed o non-membe s who
ocuses on echnical e iciency measu emen s ha encompasses op imized use o inpu s,
DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL
COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
© 2025 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e & Resea ch
logis ics and coo dina ion in essence, be e ope a ional e iciency unde ag icul u al
coope a i e socie ies h ough eam accoun abili y
S a emen o he p oblem
Ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies emain ulne able o sub-op imal pe o mance despi e
a ious membe bases in Anamb a. Di e si y alone does no gua an ee equi able pa icipa ion
o inno a ion up ake; eam managemen mechanisms a e equally i al o ensu e ha a ied
oices ansla e in o coo dina ed ac ion. Equally, e en he mos s uc u ed eams may
s agna e wi hou he c ea i i y and insigh s ha di e se membe ship b ings. Consequen ly,
his esea ch is c i ically needed o model he inclusion o a ious pe sons and collec i e
managemen on ou comes such as inadequa e inance, poo a endance, poo in as uc u e,
agmen ed land, and limi ed a mland, poo accoun abili y and anspa ency which hampe
echnology adop ion and hus he e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies.
Ag icul u al coope a i es, which o en lack dedica ed human esou ce s uc u es, a e
pa icula ly ulne able o such b eakdowns in eam dynamics. Fo ins ance, Yami e al. (2024)
Explo ed gende and you h in eg a ion in ag icul u al inno a ion ac oss A ica. They ound
ha you h we e unde ep esen ed in leade ship and decision-making, which limi ed
inno a ion scale-up and inclusi e p ac ice adop ion. By employing igo ous mixed-me hods
analysis, quan i ying di e si y me ics, assessing eam coo dina ion p ac ices and linking
hese wo key pe o mance indica o s. Thus, his s udy explo es wea he di e si y and eam
managemen can p edic he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies
in Anamb a s a e.
This esea ch on he di e si y and eam managemen as p edic o s o o ganiza ional
e ec i eness in ag icul u al coope a i es in Anamb a S a e, is bo h imely and necessa y
om pe sonal obse a ions. Fi s ly, despi e he ising impac o ag icul u al coope a i e
socie ies in exis ing empi ical s udies ocus on coope a i e se ices and ou comes
(p oduc i i y, ood secu i y, po e y educ ion, human de elopmen ), bu do no analyze how
di e si y a ec hese ou comes. Mo e so, Anamb a s a e, wi h i s mix o u al and semi-u ban
dwelle s, ep esen s a mic ocosm o he la ge sou heas e n Nige ian ag icul u al sec o ,
making i ideal o in e en ion esea ch.
Pu pose o he S udy
The main pu pose o he s udy was o examine he di e si y and eam managemen as
p edic o s o he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a
S a e. Speci ically, he s udy sough o:
1. De e mine di e si y as p edic o s o he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al
coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e.
2. Asce ain eam Managemen as p edic o s o he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o
ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e.
I unanya, U., & Chinenye, U. (2025). DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(8), 15-
29. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17293339
20
Volume 8 Issue No 08 (2025) Access: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/a
Resea ch Ques ions
The s udy was guided by he ollowing esea ch ques ions:
1. How does di e si y p edic he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e
socie ies in Anamb a S a e?
2. How does eam Managemen p edic he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al
coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e?
Hypo heses
The ollowing null hypo heses we e o mula ed and we e es ed a 0.05 le el o signi icance.
H01: The e is no signi ican e ec on di e si y as p edic o o he o ganiza ional
e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e.
H02: The e is no signi icance e ec on eam Managemen as p edic o o he o ganiza ional
e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e.
Li e a u e Re iew
Di e si y
Di e si y is he ange o human di e ences ha in luence people’s alues, a i udes,
pe cep ions, and in e ac ions in o ganiza ions. (Ha ey & Alla d,2015). Di e si y, as a
comp ehensi e cons uc ha e e s o he ep esen a ion o a ied demog aphic, cogni i e,
and p o essional a ibu es among membe s o ag icul u al coope a i es, including gende ,
age, e hnici y, educa ional backg ound, and skills. Wi hin ag icul u al coope a i es, di e si y
p omo es o ganiza ional e ec i eness by os e ing inno a ion, b oadening p oblem-sol ing
capaci ies, and s eng hening adap abili y o dynamic ag icul u al challenges. He e ogeneous
g oups con ibu e mul iple pe spec i es ha imp o e decision-making, expand esou ce
ne wo ks, and educe g oup hink, he eby enhancing esilience and p oduc i i y.
Team managemen
Robbins & Judge, (2019) De ined eam managemen as “ he p ocess o leading, coo dina ing,
and mo i a ing membe s o wo k in e dependen ly and collec i ely owa d achie ing
o ganiza ional goals.” Team managemen , as a i al o ganiza ional p ocess, en ails
coo dina ing membe s’ oles, os e ing communica ion, esol ing con lic s, and ensu ing
collec i e accoun abili y. In ag icul u al coope a i es, e ec i e eam managemen os e s
o ganiza ional e ec i eness by p omo ing sha ed leade ship, s eng hening decision-making,
and aligning membe con ibu ions owa d common goals. I also acili a es us and
cohesion, which a e essen ial o sus aining p oduc i i y, inancial pe o mance, and membe
sa is ac ion.
Di e si y and O ganiza ional E ec i eness
Di e si y enhances he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies by
encou aging he coope a i e boa ds o b ing a wide ange o skills, knowledge, and con ac s,
hus imp o ing he o ganiza ion’s abili y o add ess complex s a egic decisions. Fo ins ance,
a boa d membe in ol ed in li es ock may ha e aluable connec ions in he eed indus y,
DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL
COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
© 2025 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e & Resea ch
whe eas one wi h poli ical ies can help na iga e egula o y en i onmen s. (Kenkel (2020)).
In ag icul u al coope a i es, his inclusi i y p omo es membe pa icipa ion, esou ce
mobiliza ion, and sus ainable p oduc i i y, he eby imp o ing o e all pe o mance (Adegoke
e al., 2023).
Team managemen and O ganiza ional E ec i eness
Team managemen , cha ac e ized by cohesi e collabo a ion be ween manage s and
go e ning boa ds, unc ions as a signi ican p edic o o o ganiza ional e ec i eness in
ag icul u al coope a i es. In well-managed coope a i es, commi ed manage s and
ha monious ela ionships wi h he boa d enhance coo dina ion, s eamline decision-making,
and os e us hus boos ing p oduc i i y, lowe ing ansac ion cos s, and inc easing
inancial pe o mance (Ba ie & Coope , 1994; Zi ko ic e al, 2017)
Theo e ical F amewo k
Resou ce-Based View Theo y (RBVT)
This s udy was ancho ed on Resou ce-Based View. The heo y was p opounded by Jay
Ba ney, in 1991. The heo y s a ed ha o ganiza ions gain sus ainable compe i i e ad an age
and e ec i eness when hey le e age unique, aluable, and inimi able in e nal esou ces. In
ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies, di e si y (di e ences in gende , age, e hnici y, skills, and
expe iences) and eam managemen p ac ices (coo dina ion, communica ion, con lic
esolu ion, and leade ship) a e in angible esou ces ha enhance collec i e p oduc i i y and
adap abili y. These esou ces a e di icul o compe i o s o imi a e, making hem s a egic
asse s ha can p edic o ganiza ional e ec i eness.
Di e si y alone does no gua an ee equi able pa icipa ion o inno a ion up ake in ag icul u al
coope a i es hus RBVT is ele an o his s udy because i explains how di e se membe ship
in ag icul u al coope a i es c ea es a pool o he e ogeneous knowledge, pe spec i es, and
skills ha imp o e inno a ion, decision-making, and p oblem-sol ing ul ima ely enhancing
o ganiza ional e ec i eness.
Equally, e en he mos s uc u ed eams may s agna e wi hou he c ea i i y and insigh s ha
di e se membe ship b ings, RBVT Poin s ou eam managemen as a s a egic in e nal
capabili y ool ha os e s e ec i e coo dina ion, sha ed leade ship, and us among
coope a i e membe s which ans o ms di e si y in o angible ou comes like imp o ed
p oduc i i y, highe membe sa is ac ion, and sus ainabili y o a m businesses.in summa y
bo h di e si y and eam managemen complemen each o he as p edic o s o o ganiza ional
e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i es.
Empi ical e iew
Kenkel (2020) conduc ed a esea ch on he Need o Boa d Di e si y in Ag icul u al
Coope a i es in Oklahoma S a e Uni e si y in Uni ed S a es o Ame ica. Desc ip i e analysis
was adop ed. The esul o he esea ch e ealed ha di e si y on coope a i e boa ds b ings a
I unanya, U., & Chinenye, U. (2025). DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE. GPH-In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e and Resea ch, 8(8), 15-
29. h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17293339
22
Volume 8 Issue No 08 (2025) Access: h ps://gphjou nal.o g/index.php/a
wide ange o skills, knowledge, and con ac s, hus imp o ing he o ganiza ion’s abili y o
add ess complex s a egic decisions. Fo ins ance, a boa d membe in ol ed in li es ock may
ha e aluable connec ions in he eed indus y, whe eas one wi h poli ical ies can help
na iga e egula o y en i onmen s.
Uma e al, (2024) ca ied ou a s udy on he Mode a ing ole o us in he ela ionship
be ween co po a e go e nance and pe o mance o ag icul u al coope a i es in Nige ia. This
s udy used concu en iangula ion design wi h a signi ican quan i a i e app oach
complemen ed by he quali a i e segmen in ol ing se en open-ended ques ions. Da a we e
collec ed om 384 coope a i e o ice a me ’s by used o a su ey design. S uc u al
Equa ion Modelling was used o assess he measu emen model o es he hypo heses. The
indings e ealed ha co po a e go e nance and us signi ican ly in luenced ag icul u al
coope a i e pe o mance. The mode a ing e ec o us on co po a e go e nance was
suppo ed. The indings illus a e how social capi al heo y explains he p ocesses o A ican
us , especially in co up en i onmen s wi h weak legal penal ies. This s udy examines
co po a e go e nance wi hin he in e nal con ol mechanisms o an ag icul u al coope a i e
socie y. Fu he s udies should unde s and co po a e go e nance wi hin an ex e nal ie. To
ou knowledge his is he i s s udy o examine he mode a ing e ec o us on he
in e ac ing a iables in he A ican social capi al heo y model.
Resea ch Me hodology
Co ela ional esea ch design was adop ed o his s udy. popula ion o he s udy comp ised
3397 membe s om 873 ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e. The sample size
o he s udy is 358 membe s. Ta o Yamane’s o mulae was used o de e mine he sample
size. The ins umen used o da a collec ion was a sel -s uc u ed ques ionnai e. The s udy
made use o wo ins umen , he i s ins umen was i led Di e si y as a p edic o in
o ganiza ional e ec i eness o Ag icul u al Coope a i e Socie ies (DPOEACSQ) and was
di ided in o wo Sec ion, sec ion A sough o demog aphic da a and sec ion B sough o
in o ma ion on di e si y. Each o he sec ions had se en i ems. On he o he hand, he second
ins umen was i led Team Managemen as a p edic o o o ganiza ional e ec i eness o
Ag icul u al Coope a i e Socie ies (TMPOEACSQ) and sough o in o ma ion on eam
managemen . These ins umen s we e s uc u ed on a ou -poin scale o S ongly Ag ee (4),
Ag ee (3), Disag ee (2) and S ongly Disag ee (1). Copies o he ques ionnai e we e
adminis e ed on he sampled esponden s. The ins umen s we e subjec ed o ace alida ion
using h ee expe s, wo om Business Adminis a ion depa men and one om Ma ke ing
depa men . The inal edi ion o he ins umen s was ob ained a e he esea che e ec ed he
necessa y co ec ions equi ed. Reliabili y o he Ins umen we e de e mined by a means o
ial es . In his case he same ques ionnai e was adminis e ed o en s uden s om Anamb a
S a e. C onbach Alpha was used o es he eliabili y o ins umen . The ins umen yielded
coe icien eliabili y sco es o (.829 &.819) o di e si y and eam managemen . The
esea che and he esea ch assis an adminis e ed he copies o he ques ionnai e o he
esponden s. The esea che wai ed and collec ed he comple ed ques ionnai es om he
esponden s when hey we e h ough wi h i . Howe e , he esea che also e u ned back o
DIVERSITY AND TEAM MANAGEMENT AS PREDICTORS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL
COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
© 2025 Published by GLOBAL PUBLICATION HOUSE | In e na ional Jou nal o Ag icul u e & Resea ch
collec hose o he esponden s who we e no disposed o ill he ques ionnai e a he spo .
Reg ession was used o analyze he esea ch ques ions and es he hypo hesis.
Analysis o Resea ch Ques ions
Resea ch Ques ion 1: How does di e si y p edic he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o
ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e?
Table 1: Summa y o he eg ession esul s o di e si y as a p edic o o he
o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e
Uns anda dized Coe icien s
S anda dized
Coe icien s
B
S d. E o
Be a(β)
Decision
Cons an
-.495
.112
-4.406
S ong Posi i e Rela ionship
Di e si y
1.176
.040
.854
29.420
R= .854, R Squa e = .729, Adjus ed R2=.729, F = 865.548.
Table 1 shows he Summa y o he eg ession esul s o di e si y as a p edic o o he
o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e. The
esul s e ealed ha he R= .854, R Squa e = .729, Adjus ed R2=.729, F = 865.548. This
esul indica ed ha di e si y is a s ong posi i e p edic o o o ganiza ional e ec i eness o
ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e. he esul also showed ha di e si y can
p edic 85.4% o ganiza ional e ec i eness.
Resea ch Ques ion 2: How does eam Managemen p edic he o ganiza ional e ec i eness
o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e?
Table 2: Summa y o he eg ession esul s o eam Managemen as a p edic o o he
o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e
Uns anda dized Coe icien s
S anda dized
Coe icien s
B
S d. E o
Be a(β)
Decision
Cons an
-.410
.098
-4.170
S ong Posi i e
Rela ionship
Team
Managemen
1.122
.034
.878
32.893
R= .878, R Squa e = .771, Adjus ed R2=.770, F = 1081.967.
Table 2 shows he Summa y o he eg ession esul s o eam Managemen as a p edic o o
he o ganiza ional e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e. The
esul s e ealed ha he R= .878, R Squa e = .771, Adjus ed R2=.770, F = 1081.967. This
esul indica ed ha eam managemen is a s ong posi i e p edic o o he o ganiza ional
e ec i eness o ag icul u al coope a i e socie ies in Anamb a S a e. he esul also showed
ha eam managemen can p edic 87.8% o ganiza ional e ec i eness.
