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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-POWERED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM USING
HAMMING DISTANCE ALGORITHM AND BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION
Janza Vaughn de Belen
janza [email protected]
UG S uden s, College o Compu ing S udies, Uni e sidad de Manila, Philippines
Wynelle F. Quillo
[email protected]
UG S uden s, College o Compu ing S udies, Uni e sidad de Manila, Philippines
John Den e B. Maglalang
[email protected]
UG S uden s, College o Compu ing S udies, Uni e sidad de Manila, Philippines
Alan Ch is ian R. Oduya
oduyaalanch is [email protected]
UG S uden s, College o Compu ing S udies, Uni e sidad de Manila, Philippines
Ronald B. Fe nandez
b e nandez04217600011[email p o ec ed]
P o esso , College o Compu ing S udies, Uni e sidad de Manila, Philippines
ABSTRACT
Educa ion p o ides s uden s wi h knowledge, hones hei skills, and eaches hem alues. Wi h his, ac i e class
pa icipa ion is impo an o s uden s’ academic jou ney. S uden a endance is a c ucial ac o in de e mining
s uden academic pe o mance, as i allows hem o pa icipa e in class, gain p ope knowledge, and ha e access
o lea ning ma e ials. Howe e , adi ional a endance me hods ha e become ine icien , as i akes a lo o ime
o ake and is p one o human e o and audulen ac i i ies, including p oxy signing. To add ess his p oblem,
he p oponen s p opose an a endance sys em ha is in eg a ed wi h adio- equency iden i ica ion (RFID) and
inge p in au hen ica ion, ensu ing ha only he s uden s can e i y hei own a endance. Wi h he use o
A duino Uno and he NodeMCU module, he sys em will be able o scan and compa e a endance eco ds s o ed
in a cen al da abase. Wi h he help o a i icial in elligence (AI), he p oposed a endance sys em is able o
ea u e an ale sys em ha moni o s s uden a endance and no i ies he educa o s when s uden s each a
speci ied numbe o absences ha makes hem a candida e o d op ou o school. The p oposed sys em will be
es ed in Doña Teodo a Alonzo High School o de e mine i s e ec i eness and eadiness o be implemen ed in
educa ional ins i u ions.
Keywo ds:
A endance Sys em, A i icial In elligence, Radio-F equency Iden i ica ion, A duino Uno, NodeMCU
INTRODUCTION
A i icial In elligence (AI) and Machine Lea ning (ML) a e bo h leading ac o s o echnological ad ancemen s.
A i icial In elligence (AI) allows machines o make decisions and hink like humans do. On he o he hand,
Machine Lea ning (ML) e e s o he abili y o machines o make p edic ions by lea ning and adap ing o da a
gi en. A i icial In elligence (AI) and Machine Lea ning (ML) ele a e indus ies, including educa ion, by
helping people make asks e icien . In educa ion, hese echnologies a e o en used o suppo eaching and
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adminis a i e asks, such as a endance moni o ing. The p oponen s p oposed a sys em ha will make
a endance checking o educa ional ins i u ions mo e e icien and secu e h ough he in eg a ion o wo- ac o
au hen ica ion, using Radio F equency Iden i ica ion (RFID) and inge p in scanning. The applica ion o
biome ic in educa ion, pa icula ly in iden i y managemen , class a endance, e-e alua ion, secu i y, lea ning
analy ics, and s uden mo i a ion—is impo an in au oma ing he p ocess o e i ying iden i ies and enhancing
ins i u ional secu i y (He nandez-De-Menendez e al. 2021)
Educa ion shapes socie y by equipping s uden s wi h he p ope knowledge, skills, and alues. The alue o
class pa icipa ion is an impo an ac o in s uden s’ de elopmen , as i imp o es pe o mance h ough ac i e
class pa icipa ion. A endance acking is a signi ican adminis a i e ask ha highly impac s s uden ou comes.
Regula a endance in classes di ec ly in luences he o e all academic pe o mance o s uden s, as i enables
s uden s o a end classes and engage in ac i i ies, access lea ning ma e ials, and communica e wi h lec u e s o
cla i y lessons co e ed.
Policymake s and adminis a o s o en conside ed a endance o be a less signi ican ac o in a s uden 's
academic success, belie ing ha wha uly ma e s is ha s uden s a e being augh and ha e access o lea ning
ma e ials. Howe e , acco ding o Go ied and Hu (2019), ocusing on con en alone does no ma e i he
s uden s a e no ully engaged in he lessons he eache s p epa e. Absences migh be ine occasionally, bu he e
is a possibili y ha s uden s will miss an impo an lesson o ac i i y ha highly a ec s hei g ades o makes
hem all behind. T adi ional me hods o a endance checking p esen nume ous challenges ha unde mine
e iciency and accu acy. Signa u e-based a endance, on he o he hand, akes less ime bu is subjec o
audulen ac i i ies h ough p oxy signing, whe e s uden s can sign o s uden s ha a e absen in he class.
These a e among he issues associa ed wi h such o ms o a endance and may cause eco ds o be inaccu a e,
hus comp omising he c edibili y o exis ing a endance acking and moni o ing measu es in place.
The AI-powe ed a endance sys em aims o mode nize a endance checking and moni o ing in educa ional
ins i u ions by in eg a ing ea u es, including biome ic inge p in scanning and Radio F equency Iden i ica ion
(RFID). RFID is an impo an echnology o be in eg a ed in o a endance sys ems o secu e and consis en
a endance acking (Ahmad and Nababa. 2021), while biome ic sys ems in eg a ed wi h AI, including
inge p in , ans o ms adi ional biome ic me hods in o a much adap i e and sma e au hen ica ion me hod
(Gup a. 2024). The implemen a ion o wo- ac o au hen ica ion will ensu e he accu acy o a endance eco ds,
minimizing human e o s and a endance aud, such as eco d modi ying, al e a ion, and p oxy a endance
signing. In addi ion o secu e a endance logging, he sys em is also designed o moni o and espond o s uden
absen eeism.
The p oposed sys em will in eg a e a ious algo i hms ha will ensu e he accu acy, eliabili y, and e iciency o
he a endance sys em. Minu iae-based inge p in au hen ica ion o biome ic au hen ica ion will be used o
iden i y and ma ch inge p in s by ecognizing ea u es, such as idge endings. The Hamming Dis ance
Algo i hm will be used o ecognize Radio F equency Iden i ica ion (RFID) ags. These inpu s a e cap u ed
h ough he NodeMCU and A duino mic ocon olle ha is connec ed o he inge p in and Radio F equency
Iden i ica ion (RFID) module. Inco po a ing In e ne o Things (IoT) me hodologies and NodeMCU
mic ocon olle s enables he sys em o ga he a endance da a in eal ime and secu ely ans e i o a cloud
se e , hus imp o ing da a in eg i y and accessibili y (Sinha e al. 2024).
A endance acking begins wi h s uden s apping on hei Radio F equency Iden i ica ion (RFID) ags. A e
success ul apping, s uden s will hen be asked o u he e i y hei iden i ies h ough inge p in
au hen ica ion. These inpu s a e hen p ocessed by he A duino mic ocon olle , whe e he Radio F equency
Iden i ica ion (RFID) and inge p in module a e connec ed. The NodeMCU ha is connec ed as well o he
A duino mic ocon olle , will ansmi he inpu a endance o he cen al da abase. The double-laye ed
e i ica ion p ocess ensu es ha i is he ac ual s uden aking he a endance. I a s uden ails o a end classes,
he sys em will no i y he assigned eache ha he s uden is absen o he day. Reaching a ce ain numbe o
absences migh cause he s uden o d op ou o school.
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The in eg a ion o an AI-powe ed a endance sys em in o educa ional ins i u ions p o ides se e al bene i s. By
au oma ing he p ocess o a endance checking and eco ding, educa o s and adminis a o s will be able o
dedica e ime o mo e impo an academic esponsibili ies, allowing educa o s o ocus mo e on p o iding
s uden s quali y educa ion. The in eg a ion o mul i-laye ed e i ica ion o s uden s also p e en s ac i i ies o
aud, such as p oxy signing, ensu ing ha s uden eco ds a e accu a e. Real- ime da a p ocessing allows
educa o s o make epo s and analyze s uden s’ a endance pa e ns. The AI-powe ed a endance sys em
bene i s bo h s uden s and educa o s by imp o ing he a endance- aking expe ience, making a endance
managemen accu a e, secu e, and e icien . Wi h eal- ime absence no i ica ion, he eache s will be able o ake
immedia e ac ion ega ding s uden absen eeism, helping s uden s o s ay on ack academically.
OBJECTIVES
The s udy aims o de elop an a endance sys em o educa ional ins i u ions. The sys em is in eg a ed wi h
A i icial In elligence (AI) and secu e au hen ica ion me hods, including Radio F equency Iden i ica ion (RFID)
and inge p in au hen ica ion. Addi ionally, he sys em ea u es a no i ica ion sys em ha ale s educa o s when
s uden s each a speci ied numbe o absences. These ea u es would enhance secu i y, and e iciency, o
a endance acking in academic se ings.
METHODOLOGY
This sec ion ou lines he de elopmen p ocess ha will be ollowed o he de elopmen o he sys em. A sys em
de elopmen model is an app oach in sys em de elopmen ha se es as a guide om planning up o he
implemen a ion o he p ojec . Each s age in he model is c i ical o he o e all ou come o he sys em.
The s udy will ollow agile me hodology o ensu e con inuous imp o emen h oughou he de elopmen
p ocess using an i e a i e app oach. The use o agile me hodology as he sys em de elopmen model will keep
he ele ance o he sys em o e ime. Th ough i e a ion, he po en ial issues will easily be iden i ied, and
cons an e inemen can be made. Agile me hodology ollows a six-s ep p ocess, including:
Figu e 1 Agile Me hodology
1) Requi emen s: To de e mine he easibili y o de eloping an AI-powe ed a endance sys em in eg a ed
wi h biome ic and RFID o academic ins i u ions, he esea che s conduc ed an ini ial su ey o s uden s and
acul y ega ding hei expe iences wi h adi ional me hods and he need o an au oma ed a endance acking
me hod. Resul s showed ha only 64% o he esponden s belie ed ha he cu en a endance acking me hod
in hei school is secu e and can p e en audulen ac i i ies, while only 56% o he esponden s said ha he
issues ega ding a endance a e quickly esol ed by he school adminis a ion. A e all, 80% o he esponden s
ha e wi nessed s uden s signing in a endance o ano he who is no p esen in class, which suppo s he low
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pe cen age o adi ional me hods being secu e. To u he alida e he indings, and ind a solu ion o he said
p oblems, he p oponen s seek p o essional help by conduc ing an in e iew wi h acul y and school p incipal.
The p oblems iden i ied a e hen analyzed, which leads o he solu ion o de eloping an AI-powe ed a endance
sys em using RFID and biome ic au hen ica ion, ha sol es he issues ega ding audulen ac i i ies, ime
consump ion, and manual en y e o s. To u he inc ease he e ec i eness o he sys em, he p oponen s also
applied an ale sys em ha no i ies educa o s when a s uden eached a speci ied numbe o absences ha migh
d op hem ou o school
2) Design: The p oponen s ca e ully planned he sys em by c ea ing lowcha s, p o o ypes, and diag ams
ha help o isualize wha he sys em would look like as well as how da a lows wi hin he sys em. The
p oposed sys em will inco po a e ea u es o au hen ica ion, including inge p in biome ics and he use o
RFID. Ha dwa e includes A duino Uno o handling inge p in and RFID inpu s, alongside NodeMCU, which
ansmi s he inpu da a in o he cen alized da abase. A dashboa d is also designed o educa o s, which is made
use - iendly o easy na iga ion, p omo ing usabili y among use s. Included in he admin dashboa d is he
absence acking ea u e ha no i ies educa o s o eaching a speci ied numbe o absences.
3) De elop: The p oponen s used Hamming Dis ance Algo i hm o compa e s o ed biome ic da a and
RFID ags o e i y and accep e en he sligh a ia ion, especially wi h inge p in ha is na u ally noisy due o
he na u e o he skin. A duino ske ches a e de eloped o con ol he RFID and inge p in scanne o enable he
mic ocon olle o cap u e inpu da a and compa e i wi h he da abase o e i ica ion. Meanwhile, NodeMCU
is con igu ed o manage wi eless da a ans e o a endance eco ds o he cen al da abase.
4) Tes ing: Following he de elopmen o he p oposed sys em, he p oponen s hen conduc ed an in e iew
and pilo es ing wi h he s akeholde , Doña Teodo a Alonzo High School, o u he imp o emen s o he
p oposed a endance sys em. Imp o emen s and e isions we e made o mee he needs and p o ide p ope
se ices o he educa ional ins i u ion.
5) Deploymen : The deploymen o he AI-powe ed a endance sys em in Doña Teodo a Alonzo High
School has been made, allowing s uden s and acul y membe s o ake and eco d a endance wi hou wo ying
abou audulen p ac ices and inconsis encies wi h eco ds. Real- ime access and moni o ing o a endance
eco ds allow educa o s and school adminis a o s o conduc a ho ough analysis on s uden absen eeism which
a ec s hei academic pe o mance. Wi h he help o he ale ea u e, educa o s will be able o make immedia e
in e en ion o s uden s be o e hey each he absence h eshold.
6) Main enance: A e he deploymen , he p oponen s s ill moni o he pe o mance o he a endance
sys em. Since he a endance sys em is buil wi h de ices, like mic ocon olle s and scanne s, he p oponen s
mus ensu e ha de ices used a e connec ed p ope ly, and unc ioning as in ended. I mus be ensu ed ha da a
om he cen al da abase is success ully ansmi ed and e ie ed. Las ly, he main enance phase in ol es
sys em upda es and pa ches so ha he implemen ed a endance sys em emains ele an o he cu en educa ion
se ing.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The p oponen s de eloped a su ey ques ionnai e in line wi h ISO/IEC 25010 o assess he a endance sys em’s
unc ionali y, eliabili y, usabili y, and o e all pe o mance. A o al o 100 esponden s, including acul y
membe s and s uden s, we e asked o es he unc ionali ies o he sys em and p o ide eedback on he
a endance sys em. The sys em esul ed in a posi i e a ing in e ms o sys em unc ionali y, usabili y, and
secu i y. While ew sugges ed ew imp o emen s o unc ions, especially wi h he ale ea u e.
Func ional Sui abili y
F om 100 esponden s, posi i e eedback is ecei ed, ag eeing ha he sys em e ec i ely mee s unc ionals
equi emen s. The sys em ecei ed a mean sco e o 4.26 (Ve y Good) o unc ional sui abili y, whe ein
esponden s con i med ha RFID scanning consis en ly eco ds a endance, he eliabili y o in eg a ing
inge p in , and epo ing ea u es, hough ew sugges ed enhancemen s in epo cus omiza ion. The absence
no i ica ion also ecei ed a high sco e o unc ioning as in ended. O e all, esponses ecei ed con i med ha
he sys em deli e ed he essen ial unc ionali y o a endance acking and moni o ing.
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Figu e 2 Func ional Sui abili y
Func ional Co ec ness
Findings showed a s ong unc ional co ec ness o he a endance sys em, whe e esponden s ag eed ha RFID
and inge p in scanning accu a ely au hen ica es and e ec i ely ejec s in alid inpu s. The su ey con i med
ha imes amps we e eliable, and epo s a e gene a ed accu a ely. Al hough ew disag eemen s we e made,
majo i y o he esponden s belie ed ha he sys em minimized e o s and au hen ica ion p ocess a e accu a e,
ecei ing an a e age sco e o 4.21 (Ve y Good).
Figu e 3 Func ional Co ec ness
Func ional App op ia eness
The su ey esul ed wi h a s ong sys em app op ia eness, whe e esponses con i med ha p oxy a endance was
p e en ed and ha he ea u es, including RFID, inge p in , and absence no i ica ion mee he needs o an
academic ins i u ion, aligning wi h e e yday school equi emen . Many ag eed on he idea ha he a endance
sys em is mo e e icien han adi ional me hods, especially in e ms o ime consump ion, p o ing ha he
sys em was p ac ical and well-sui ed in academic en i onmen s. The unc ional app op ia eness ca ego y
ecei ed an a e age sco e o 4.25 (Ve y Good).
Figu e 4 Func ional App op ia eness
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Usabili y
Mos esponden s ound he sys em is easy o lea n. Fi s ime use s epo ed ha RFID apping, and inge p in
egis a ion ins uc ions we e unde s andable and clea . In he adminis a o and educa o s’ dashboa d, su eys
show ha eache s easily lea ned he dashboa d wi h minimal guidance du ing hei i s expe ience. Usabili y
and lea nabili y ecei ed a mean sco e o 4.29 (Ve y Good), p o ing he sys em’s use iendliness among
s uden s and eache s no ma e wha hei echnical expe ise is.
Figu e 5 Usabili y
Ope abili y
The sys em ope abili y was s ongly ag eed, whe e he su ey esul ed in RFID and inge p in ea u es
esponding quickly and accu a ely. Recei ing an a e age sco e o 4.38 (Ve y Good), he a endance sys em is
con i med o pe o m consis en ly and eliably unde di e en condi ions and enables use s o conduc
a endance wi hou di icul y. Su ey ques ions on his pa also con i med ha he educa o s can easily il e
sea ches wi hin he dashboa d, making a endance moni o ing and analyzing easie and mo e e icien .
Figu e 6 Ope abili y
Use In e ace
Wi h a mean sco e o 4.31 (Ve y Good), he sys em ecei ed a conside ably high a ing when i comes o
na iga ion, lea nabili y, and o e all design, s a ing ha he in e ace is p o essional and use - iendly. Su ey
e ealed ha p omp messages and esul s om he dashboa d and a endance sc een we e eadable and easy o
unde s and. Layou s, on s, and o e all design also ecei ed posi i e eedback, con i ming ha isual
p esen a ion was clea , wi h ew sugges ing some imp o emen s wi h colo schemes.
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Figu e 7 Use In e ace
Con iden iali y
The secu i y o da a ecei ed a high sco e a e aging 4.27 (Ve y Good), whe e esponden s belie ed ha RFID,
inge p in , and pe sonal da a we e s o ed secu ely. Use s exp essed a s ong us wi h he sys em’s abili y o
ensu e ha pe sonal and academic eco ds a e accessible only o au ho ized pe sonnel. The posi i e eedback
om use s con i med ha he a endance sys em mee s con iden iali y s anda ds, ensu ing e hical and secu e
da a managemen in academic se ing.
Figu e 8 Con iden iali y
In eg i y
Sys em in eg i y ecei ed posi i e eedback as well, whe eas esponden s ag eed ha a endance eco ds we e
secu ely eco ded and canno be ampe ed wi h. Al hough many belie ed ha a endance aking a e accu a e and
consis en , a small pe cen age s ill ha e conce ns wi h echnical dis up ions ha migh esul in ailu e o eco d
hei a endance. O e all, he in eg i y esul ed wi h an a e age sco e o 4.24 (Ve y Good), con i ming ha
eco ds a e sa e om da a manipula ion.
Figu e 9 In eg i y
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Au hen ica ion
Resul s show ha esponden s belie ed in he sys em’s abili y o au hen ica e he use s accu a ely. Wi h he
combina ion o RFID and inge p in au hen ica ion, use s ag eed ha only he ac ual s uden can e i y and ake
hei own a endance, p e en ing audulen ac i i ies. An a e age sco e o 4.22 (Ve y Good) was ecei ed,
alida ing ha wo- ac o au hen ica ion, speci ically RFID and inge p in au hen ica ion p o ided a secu e
laye o p o ec ion agains unau ho ized access, while also ensu ing accu a e a endance eco ds.
Figu e 10 Au hen ica ion
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We ex end ou deepes and since e app ecia ion o all who suppo ed and helped us h oughou he p ocess and
de elopmen o he s udy i led “A i icial In elligence-Powe ed A endance Sys em Using Hamming Dis ance
Algo i hm and Biome ic Au hen ica ion”. Fi s o all, we would like o hank ou dea uni e si y, Uni e sidad
de Manila, o gi ing us he oppo uni y o apply ou knowledge and skills h ough his s udy. We also exp ess
ou g a i ude o M . Ronald B. Fe nandez, ou caps one ad iso , o his guidance and expe ise, gi ing us
aluable insigh s ha helped us accomplish he s udy. To he panelis s who p o ided us wi h knowledge, hones
c i icisms and sugges ions o u he imp o e he s udy. We a e g a e ul o Doña Teodo a Alonzo High School,
ou s akeholde s, o le ing us conduc , es , and implemen ou s udy in hei academic ins i u ion. To ou dea
amilies o hei ne e -ending lo e and suppo , which mo i a ed us o accomplish his s udy e en in di icul
si ua ions. Finally, we gi e ou deepes g a i ude o God, who g an ed us s eng h, knowledge, abili y ha allow
us o accomplish his s udy. Wi hou hem, he esea ch and de elopmen o his s udy wouldn’ be possible.
CONCLUSION
The de elopmen and implemen a ion o he p ojec , “A i icial In elligence-Powe ed A endance Sys em Using
Hamming Dis ance Algo i hm and Biome ic Au hen ica ion,” add essed he issues o adi ional a endance
acking me hods ega ding ine iciency, inaccu acy, and being p one o aud. In eg a ing RFID and inge p in
au hen ica ion enabled he sys em o be secu e and eliable when i comes o e i ying s uden iden i y.
Fu he mo e, he absence no i ica ion, aided by AI, p o ided educa o s o immedia ely ac in o s uden
absen eeism, allowing imely in e en ion.
The success ul de elopmen o he s udy was suppo ed by a ious ela ed s udies, along wi h su ey esul s ha
con i med he sys em’s pe o mance in e ms o unc ionali y, usabili y, and secu i y. In conclusion, he
p oposed sys em in eg a ed wi h a i icial in elligence, RFID, and biome ic echnology signi ican ly enhances
a endance acking wi hin educa ional ins i u ions, he eby p o iding an accu a e, and secu e a endance
eco ds, p omo ing s uden engagemen and academic success.
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[2] Go ied, M., & Hu , E. L. (2019, Feb ua y). Add essing absen eeism: Lessons o policy and
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