In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-15, Impac Fac o : 8.048
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Con ibu ion o Remo e Sensing in The S udy o The Spa io-Tempo al
Dynamics o Classi ied Fo es s: Case o The Classi ied Fo es o I obo
(Sou he n I o y Coas )
ATSÉ Williams Ghislain Haudy Yapi1, DIBI N’Da Hyppoli e2,3, NANAN Kouassi Kouman Noël4,
GBODJINOU Yéhounko B uno Bu on5, BOHOUSSOU C ys el Na acha3
1Doc o al School, Sus ainable Ag icul u e Science and Technology o Felix Houphouë - Boigny Uni e si y, I o y Coas .
2Cen e o Resea ch and Applica ion in Remo e Sensing (CURAT), Uni e si é Félix Houphouë -Boigny, 22 BP 582
Abidjan 22, Cô e d’I oi e 4.
3Labo a o y o Na u al En i onmen s and Biodi e si y Conse a ion Abidjan, UFR Biosciences, Félix-Houphouë
Uni e si y 22 BP 582 Abidjan Cô e d’I oi e
4Depa emen o En i onmen al Sciences, UFR Go e nance and Sus ainable De elopmen o he Uni e si y o Bondoukou, I o y
Coas , Cô e d’I oi e.
5Labo a o y o Geosciences, En i onmen , and Applica ions (LaGEA), Na ional Uni e si y o Science, Technology, Enginee ing,
and Ma hema ics (UNSTIM) o Abomey, Benin
ABSTRACT: This s udy was ca ied ou in he sou h o he I o y Coas as pa o ou mas e 's hesis. This s udy aims o highligh
he imp o emen in knowledge on he phenomenon o deg ada ion in he I obo classi ied o es and o p o ide manage s wi h essen ial
elemen s o he es ablishmen o a sus ainable o es managemen policy. Conc e ely, i was a ques ion o (1) cha ac e izing he
di e en ypes o land use o he I obo classi ied o es , (2) mapping he ege a ion co e o he classi ied o es o I obo om he
Landsa images o 1988, 2005 and 2020, (3) e alua ing he o es dynamics be ween 1988 and 2020. To his end, he cha ac e iza ion
o he ypes o land use, he mapping o he dynamics and he e alua ion o he o es dynamics be ween 1988 and 2020 we e ca ied
ou using ca og aphic me hods on he one hand and a ea calcula ions on he o he . The esul s indica e ha he e a e nine ypes o
land use. These a e o es s, e o es a ion plo s, pe ennial c ops, annual c ops, allows, ba e soils and habi a s. Rega ding he
assessmen o o es dynamics, i appea s ha o es co e has los 11,993.3 ha be ween 1988 and 2020, which means a dec ease o
2.07% pe yea in a ou o ag icul u al holdings (26,838.9 ha in 2020).
KEYWORDS: Classi ied o es , Fo es dynamics, Landsa image, Remo e sensing, Sou h Co e d'I oi e, I obo.
I. INTRODUCTION
Ensu ing he p o ec ion o o es s, in a con ex o de elopmen backed by he exploi a ion o na u al esou ces, p esen s
i sel as one o he mos impo an challenges o his cen u y. Indeed, despi e hei impo ance, o es s a e con inually cu
down and deg aded. Fo example, be ween 1990 and 2015 he e was a ne loss o app oxima ely 129 million hec a es o o es
wo ldwide (FAO, 2015). I is es ima ed ha app oxima ely 7.6 million hec a es o o es ha e disappea ed e e y yea since 2010.
Fu he mo e, he g ea es losses o o es a eas a e in he opics, pa icula ly in Sou h Ame ica and A ica (Lewis,
2006). The causes o de o es a ion a e mul iple. Shi ing cul i a ion, uelwood collec ion, mining, logging, and in as uc u e
de elopmen a e he di ec causes in opical a eas (Ma gono e al., 2012).
De o es a ion
and
o es
deg ada ion
in
Cô e
d'I oi e
a e
e y
ala ming. Since i s independence, he coun y has
based i s de elopmen on ag icul u e. Wi h he suppo o he S a e, «The success o his coun y is based on ag icul u e, « housands
o hec a es o o es
ha e
anished
in
a o
o
ag icul u e
and
o es y.
Thus,
he
cul i a ed
a eas
, which we e app oxima ely 3.0 million hec a es in 1970, ells inc eased o 7.5 million hec a es in 1990 (SODEFOR, 2000). I is
es ima ed ha hey a e mo e han 12 million hec a es oday. Ex ensi e slash-and-bu n ag icul u e and poaching lead o bush i es
which ha e also de as a ed la ge a eas o o es . Thus, es ima ed a 16 million hec a es a he end o he 19 h cen u y,
he I o ian o es is cu en ly es ima ed a 3.4 million hec a es (MINEF, 2018). The o es esou ces o Cô e d'I oi e a e
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-15, Impac Fac o : 8.048
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hus subjec o s ong an h opic p essu e, leading o he educ ion o hei a eas and hei agmen a ion. Also, he di e si y and
a iabili y o ecosys ems, he quan i y and quali y o a ailable o es esou ces which cons i u e conside able po en ial o he well-
being o popula ions and u u e gene a ions a e educed e e y day (Aké - Assi , ; Cissé e al. 2020,1998 ) . Unb idled de o es a ion,
unhinde ed by any egula ion, now cons i u es a h ea o biological esou ces and o popula ions (Se ageldin, 1993).
In o de o p omo e he sus ainabili y o o es esou ces and be e conse e hei biological di e si y, Cô e d'I oi e has
unde aken, since he colonial pe iod, he c ea ion o a ne wo k o p o ec ed a eas and classi ied o es s (Koné e al., 2012). These
a eas co e 6,267,730 hec a es, o 19% o na ional e i o y. These include 234 classi ied o es s, eigh (8) na ional pa ks and i e
(5) na u e ese es (IUCN/BRAO, 2008).
Classi ied o es s ep esen a eas capable o p ese ing and supplying he o es y indus y wi h he main species, bu also
o being sou ces o supply o ha es ed p oduc s o local popula ions (Zo o Bi and Kouakou, 2004).
Howe e , he a ious o es massi s con inue o su e om an h opogenic a acks. As a esul , mos o he I o ian classi ied
o es s a e now classi ied only in name, al hough hey now; pall house no only la ge cocoa plan a ions, bu also camps and illages
(T ao é, 2018). Cu en de o es a ion ho spo s a e loca ed in classi ied o es s whe e he annual de o es a ion a e was 3 % o e he
pe iod 1990-2000 and 4.2% o e he pe iod 2000-2015 (Koné, 2015). The e emained 844,938 hec a es o classi ied o es s in 2015
compa ed o 1,585,626 hec a es in 2000 and 2,129,729 hec a es in 1990 ( Koné , 2015).
The I obo classi ied o es is no le ou o his de o es a ion. Un o una ely, eliable scien i ic da a on he spa io- empo al
dynamics o classi ied o es s a e qui e a e. Se e al s udies ha e been conduc ed using emo e sensing by di e en au ho s such as
N'Guessan (2018) and N'Guessan and N'Da (2005) bu e y ew s udies ha e been conduc ed using emo e sensing ools in he I obo
classi ied o es . I is in his con ex ha his s udy en i led " Con ibu ion o emo e sensing in he s udy o he spa io - empo al
dynamics o classi ied o es s: case o he classi ied o es o I obo au Sou h o I o y Coas » was ini ia ed. I aims o imp o e
knowledge on he plan dynamics o he I obo classi ied o es in ela ion o human ac ions, h ough he use o sa elli e images. I
speci ically in ol es cha ac e izing and mapping he di e en ypes o land use in he I obo classi ied o es and e alua ing o es
dynamics be ween 1988 and 2020.
A. Desc ip ion o he s udy a ea
C ea ed by dec ee No. 996 o Sep embe 29, 1962 o he Wa e and Fo es s Se ice and he Minis y o Ag icul u e, he I obo massi
is made up o he classi ied o es s o Méné, Bakanou, Cos ou and Bandama. Loca ed in he o es ed sou h o I o y Coas ,
wi h an a ea o app oxima ely 42,000 ha ; i is 25 km om Sikensi, 67 km om Dabou , 80 km om Tiassal é and 105 km om
Abidjan . The classi ied o es o I obo o I obo-Méné massi is posi ioned be ween he ollowing geog aphical coo dina es: 4 ° 40
' and 4 ° 50' Wes longi ude and 5 ° 25' and 5 ° 48' No h la i ude (Zobi and Chessel, 2007). I s addles ou depa men s and wo
adminis a i e egions: Agné by -Tiassa and G ands Pon s (Figu e 1). The FCI is loca ed in he Guinean ain o es sec o , wi h a
sub-equa o ial clima e, ho and humid all yea ound. A e age annual empe a u es a y be ween 26 and 27° C. ( Eldin, 1971 ). The
I obo massi is made up o a ypical dense e e g een o es . The o e all imp ession is ha o a hyg ophilous o es . The ege a ion
which was a i gin o es (Mangeno , 1955) a Diopy os mannii, a Diospy os spp.,and o E esmospa ha mac oca pa (Guillaume
and Adjanohoun, 1971) is oday domina ed, on he one hand, by plan a ions o cacaoye s, deoil palms and o he cash c ops as well
as by ields o a ious ood c ops and, on he o he hand, by seconda y o es swi h Musanga cec opioïdes ( pa asolie ) o bushy s ands
a Ch omolaena odo a a. Acco ding o he 2014 Gene al Popula ion and Housing Census (RGPH, 2014), he Agnéby -Tiassa egion
has 606,852 inhabi an s, di ided be ween 320,713 men and 286,139 women, o an a e age annual popula ion g ow h a e es ima ed
a 1.29%. The popula ion is made up o he Abidji, he Abbey, he Agni, he Adiouk ou, he A ikam, he Baoulé , he Dida, mixed
wi h popula ions om neighbo ing coun ies (Bu kina Faso, Mali, Guinea). Ag icul u e, he basis o he coun y's economy, is he
main ac i i y o he local popula ion. Cash c ops a e mainly cocoa (Theob oma cacao), co ee, (Co ea sp.)and oil palm. (Elaeis
guineensis), l’hé éa (He ea b asiliensis) and coconu (Cocos nuci e a). Banana, cassa a, co n, ice, a o and yam cons i u e he
s aple oods o hese popula ions (A a e al., 2016).
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
Volume 08 Issue 10 Oc obe 2025
DOI: 10.47191/ijcs /V8-i10-15, Impac Fac o : 8.048
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Figu e 1. Geog aphic loca ion o he s udy a ea
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
B. Ma e ial
The equipmen used in his s udy consis s o echnical equipmen and emo e sensing da a. The echnical equipmen consis s mainly
o a Ga min GPS ecei e (Map64) o eco ding he coo dina es o he di e en land use ypes , a digi al came a o aking pic u es,
desc ip i e shee s o he di e en land use ypes, pai s o boo s, mache es and a ield ehicle .
The op ical images used in his s udy co e les images du sa elli e Landsa qui he 196-56 scene. Les images son issues des cap eu s
Landsa Thema ic Mappe (TM4) pou l’image om 12/24/1988, Enhanced Thema ic Mappe Plus (ETM+7) pou celle om
01/05/2005 and Ope a ional Land Image (OLI 8) pou l’image acquise le om 01/07/2020. They a e all a ailable ee o cha ge
on he Uni ed S a es Geological Su ey (USGS) websi e ia he link h ps://ea hexplo e .usgs.go /.
I should be emembe ed ha ec o iles o he I obo classi ied o es which we e made a ailable by SODEFOR made i possible o
ex ac he s udy a ea and ca y ou he ca og aphic d a ing.
Rega ding so wa e, ENVI 5.3 has was used o p e- p ocessing and p ocessing o sa elli e images , A cGIS 10.8 o ec o iza ion
and geop ocessing and ca og aphic es i u ion as well as Mic oso Excel 2016 o calcula ions (s a is ical analyses) and c ea ion
o g aphics.
Me hods
The me hodology adop ed in his s udy combined sa elli e image p ocessing and ield da a collec ion echniques.
Image p e - p ocessing began wi h adiome ic co ec ion o co ec he e ec s o a ious a i ac s ha dis up adiome ic
measu emen , including senso de ec s and a mosphe ic haze. Then, one a mosphe ic co ec ion has been applied o imp o e image
eadabili y. To inalize he p e-p ocessing, we ex ac ed ou s udy a ea using he shape ile o he con ou o he classi ied o es .
Image p ocessing in ol es he calcula ion o biophysical indices enabling he o e all physical and biological cha ac e is ics o he
ege a ion o be based on he indices :highligh ed.
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
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- The S anda dized Vege a ion Index o No malized Di e ence Vege a ion Index (NDVI)
NDVI = (PIR – R) / (PIR + R)
- The B igh ness Index
BI = (R 2 + PIR 2) 1/2
- The No malized Di e ence We ness Index
NDWI = (PIR – MIR) / (PIR + MIR)
These h ee indices allowed us o disc imina e espec i ely dense ege a ion ( o es , e o es a ion) om hose which a e no e y
dense (annual ag icul u al exploi a ion, and young allow) and ba e soils (ag icul u al clea ing and habi a s); o subdi ide plan
o ma ions acco ding o hei le el o g ound co e , he e o e hei densi y, and o sepa a e he mos humid plan o ma ions om
hose which (N’Da e al., 2008).a e he leas humid
Colo ed composi ions using aw s ips (OLI 5-6-4 and OLI 5-6-7) made i possible o disc imina e be ween di e en ypes o land
use. To e ine he ea men s, a P incipal Componen Analysis (PCA) 1-3-2) was pe o med on he aw apes o imp o e he isual
quali y o he aw apes and o maximize he in o ma ion on he i s 3 apes. These ea men s allowed:
- disc imina ion be ween di e en ypes o land use,
- he selec ion o si es o isi and o ien a ion on he g ound,
- he choice o aining plo s o classi ica ion .
Based
on
he disc imina ed
land
use
and
he
in eg a ion
o
ce ain da a such as locali ies, acks, bodies o wa e ,
he limi s o he Classi ied Fo es , 140 poin s o isi we e iden i ied. The geog aphic coo dina es o he poin s we e aken
and
in eg a ed in o he GPS.
The in o ma ion collec ed in he ield also made i possible o inalize he digi al p ocessing. Indeed, Maximum likelihood-guided
classi ica ion, which in ol es iden i ying spec ally simila a eas based on known aining si es o ex apola e hese signa u es o
unknown a eas, was used o p oduce he maps. Fo he 2020 image, he classi ica ion was alida ed using con usion ma ices o
assess o e all accu acy and he Kappa coe icien . A 3x3 median il e was hen applied o elimina e isola ed pixels and educe
he e ogenei y. The classi ica ion esul s we e con e ed om as e o ec o o ma using A cGIS so wa e.
This classi ica ion is a p ocedu e o iden i ying spec ally simila a eas on an image by iden i ying “ aining” si es o known a ge s
and hen ex apola ing hese spec al signa u es o o he domains o unknown a ge s. The alida ion o he 2020 image classi ica ion
was ca ied ou by he p oduc ion and analysis o con usion ma ices, o e alua e he o e all pe o mance le el o he p ocessing,
bu also o he land use classes h ough he o e all p ecision and he Kappa coe icien . Once he classi ica ion is alida ed by he
di e en pe o mance es s abo e , a 3x3 median il e makes i possible o educe in a-class he e ogenei y by elimina ing isola ed
pixels . The classi ica ion esul s ob ained in as e o ma a e expo ed o A cGIS so wa e o con e sion o ec o o ma . La
même echnique a é é u ilisée pou les images de 1988 e 2005, a ec quelques adap a ions, à sa oi la composi ion colo ée su les
bandes 4/5/7 pou les cap eu s TM e ETM+, e l’u ilisa ion sélec i e des données de e ain de 2020, en ne e enan que les poin s
in a ian s (les zones es ées s ables su ou e la pé iode d'é ude).
The assessmen o changes occu ing o e he en i e s udy pe iod was made by p oducing and analyzing ansi ion ma ices
be ween maps o wo da es (Gi a d and Gi a d, 1999). This assessmen , which was ca ied ou using A cGIS 10.8 so wa e, was
used o analyze di e en ypes o land use be ween 1988 and 2005, be ween 2005 and 2020 and be ween 1988 and 2020. The o e all
a e o change is ob ained om he ollowing ma hema ical o mula: Tg = [(S₂ -S₁ ) / S₁ ] x 100
Whe e:
Tg = O e all a e o change (%)
S ₁ = A ea o he class a da e ₁ (ini ial da e);
S ₂ = A ea o he class a da e ₂ ( inal da e), and ₂ ˃ ₁
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
ISSN: 2581-8341
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III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
C. Resul s
Di e en ypes o land use in he I obo classi ied o es
The mission ca ied ou in he I obo classi ied o es allowed us o iden i y nine (9) ypes o land use which a e: a eas o
de o es a ion; seconda y o es s; pe ennial cocoa c ops, annual c op mosaics young cocoa; pe ennial c ops ( ubbe and oil palm);
deg aded o es mosaics /old allow; young allow; young pe ennial c ops ( ubbe and oil palm) and ba e soils and habi a s.
Map o ege a ion co e in he I obo classi ied o es Mapping pe o mance
The o e all accu acies o he di e en classi ica ions o he 1988, 2005 and 2020 images a e espec i ely 91.01%; 87.26% and
88.55% (Tables 1, 2 e 3). The mos signi ican con usions, o hese classi ica ions, a e obse ed be ween he classes o ela i ely
well-p ese ed seconda y o es s and e o es a ion. O he con usions, al hough mino , we e obse ed be ween he young pe ennial
ubbe / oil palm c op class and he young pe ennial cocoa c op class, hen he ba e soil / Habi a s class and he young pe ennial
cocoa c op, young pe ennial ubbe / oil palm c op and young allow land classes. Excep o hese cases, all o he land use ypes
a e ela i ely well disc imina ed.
Table 1 : Con usion ma ix o 1988 Landsa TM image classi ica ion O e all accu acy = 91.0163%; Kappa coe icien =
0.8829
Classes REB FS CPC MCAJC CPHP MFDVJ JJAC JCPHP SNH
REB
93.77
0.31 3.00 0.36 2.30 1.80 0.01 0.01 0
FS 0.24
98.81
4,84 0 0 0,14 0 0 0
CPC 2,32 0,69
86,92
2,27 0,15 0,07 0 0,21 0,04
MCAJC 1,13 0,02 0,70
85,24
0,46 0,02 0 0,26 1,04
CPHP 0,01 0 0 0
81,30
0 0 0 0,16
VJAC 2,10 0,16 3,24 0,42 5,80
97,81
0,01 0,08 0,18
JJAC 0,13 0 0,63 0,00 6,12 0,09
89,19
0 3,89
JCPHP 0,28 0 0 10,79 3,66 0,00 0
97,52
0,52
SNH 0.04 0.01 0.68 0.92 0.20 0.07 10.80 1.92
94.18
TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Table 2 : Con usion ma ix o he classi ica ion o he 2005 Landsa ETM+ image O e all accu acy = 87.2688% ; Kappa
coe icien = 0.8407
Classes REB FS CPC MCAJC CPHP MFDVJ JJAC JCPHP SNH
REB
88,52
2,73 0,07 0,18 4,72 0,92 0,09 0,08 0,10
FS 0,98
91,67
0,56 0,17 0,40 2,06 0,01 0,03 0,44
CPC 1,54 0,31
93,25
1,84 0,10 1,36 1,84 1,12 0,50
MCAJC 0,85 0,58 5,29
96,39
3,91 5,85 4,32 12,67 5,27
CPHP 0,90 0,15 0,02 0,02
84,83
0,37 0 0,01 0
MFDVJ 7,13 4,56 0,25 0,61 4,53
88,38
0,00 0,15 0,17
JJAC 0,07 0 0,32 0,43 0,29 0,73
93,28
5,50 4,53
JCPHP 0,00 0 0,24 0,31 0,86 0,32 0,46
77,25
0,82
SNH
0,00
0
0,00
0,06
0,36
0,00
0
3,19
88,17
TOTAL
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
In e na ional Jou nal o Cu en Science Resea ch and Re iew
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Table 3 : Con usion ma ix o Landsa -8 image classi ica ion (2020) O e all accu acy = (801248/904785) 88.5567%; Kappa
coe icien = 0.8633
Classes REB FS CPC MCAJC CPHP MFDVJ JJAC JCPHP SNH
REB
88.52
2.73 0,07 0,18 4,72 0,92 0,09 0,08 0,10
FS 0,98
91,67
0,56 0,17 0,40 2,06 0,01 0,03 0,44
CPC 1,54 0,31
93,25
1,84 0,10 1,36 1,84 1,12 0,50
MCAJC 0,85 0,58 5,29
96,39
3,91 5,85 4,32 12,67 5,27
CPHP 0,90 0,15 0,02 0,02
84,83
0,37 0 0,01 0
MFDVJ 7,13 4,56 0,25 0,61 4,53
88,38
0,00 0,15 0,17
JJAC 0,07 0 0,32 0,43 0,29 0,73
93,28
5,50 4,53
JCPHP 0,00 0 0,24 0,31 0,86 0,32 0,46
77,25
0,82
SNH 0,00 0 0,00 0,06 0,36 0,00 0 3,19
88,17
TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
REB = e o es a ion; FS = seconda y o es ; CPC = pe ennial cocoa c op, MCAJC = mosaic annual young cocoa c op; CPHP =
pe ennial ubbe and oil palm c op; MFDVJ = deg aded o es mosaic old allow; JJAC = young allow; JCPHP = young pe ennial
ubbe and oil palm c op and SNH = ba e soils and habi a s.
Upda ed map (2020)
upda ed map o he s udy a ea was p oduced using he Landsa -8 image om 07-01-2020 . The ( igu e 2) dis ibu ion o hese land
use uni s is such ha p ac ically he en i e sou he n a ea o he classi ied o es is co e ed wi h pe ennial c ops, including ubbe ees
and oil palms. I can be seen ha annual c ops consis ing mainly o cassa a (Maniho esculen a) and banana ees (Musa sp.) a e
e y ew and a e g own in associa ion wi h cocoa ees. The la e a e ound almos e e ywhe e in he s udy a ea. The e has been
e o es a ion almos e e ywhe e in he FCI bu his is mo e isible in he ex eme wes o he cen al pa o he classi ied o es .
The ela i ely well - p ese ed seconda y o es s a e loca ed along he main acks unning h ough he I obo classi ied o es and
sca e ed in he no he n pa o he la e in he o m o o es islands. I is no ed ha he mosaics o deg aded / old allow o es s
a e concen a ed in he no hwes e n and sou hwes e n pa s o he classi ied o es . The la ges a eas a e occupied by he classes
"mosaic annual and young cocoa c ops" (22%) and "pe ennial cocoa c ops " (31%) (Tableau 4).
Table 4: A eas (in ha) and p opo ions (in %) o land use classes om he Landsa -8 image (2020)
CLASSES AREAS PROPORTIONS
REB
2,596.00
6.19
FS
6,044.75
14.41
CPC
12,953.49
30.89
MCAJC
9,188.01
21.91
CPPH
3,958.10
9.44
MFDVJ
5,099.59
12.16
JJAC
1,323.54
3.16
JCPHP
739.30
1.76
SNH
37.08
0.09
41,939.86
100
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A-Land use map o I obo classi ied o es (2020)
Figu e 2: Upda ed land co e map and spa ial dis ibu ion o FCI bio opes om he 2020 Landsa -8 image
His o ical maps (1988 and 2005)
His o ical maps o he s udy a ea we e p oduced using Landsa TM images om 24-12-1988 and ETM+ om 05-01-2005. We
ob ained nine (9) land use classes wi h he images om 1988 and 2005 (Figu e 3).
In 1988, he la ges a eas we e occupied by seconda y o es s and e o es a ion, wi h a co e age o 43% and 22% o he I obo classi ied
o es , espec i ely. These o es s we e concen a ed in he cen al pa and sca e ed in some places in he no he n pa o he
classi ied o es . As o e o es a ion, hey we e concen a ed in he no he n pa o he o es . In 2005, he classes "mosaic annual
young cocoa c op" and «seconda y o es «occupied he la ges a eas wi h espec i ely 45% and 20% o he classi ied o es . The
mosaics o annual young cocoa c ops occupied he sou he n zone and he ex eme no h o he classi ied o es . The seconda y o es s,
o hei pa , we e loca ed in he cen al pa o he FCI (Tables 5 and 6).
PCC
31%
MACYC
22%
PCRP
9%
FS
14%
6%
YFL
3%
REF
BSH
0%
YPCRP
2%
MFDOF
12%
REF= e o es a ion ; FS= seconda y o es ; PCC= pe ennial cocoa c op,
MACYC= mosaic annual c op young cocoa; PCRP= pe ennial c ops:
ubbe ees and oil palms; MFDOF = mosaic o es deg aded old allow
land ; YFL= young allow land ; YPCRP= young pe ennial c ops: ubbe
ees and oil palms ; BSH= ba e soils and habi a s.
A-Land use ca ego ies by a ea (2020)
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Table 5: Spa ial dis ibu ion o he a eas o OCS classes in 1988
CLASSES
AREAS (in ha )
PROPORTIONS (in %)
REB
9017.14
21.50
FS
18038.05
43.01
CPC
2899.11
6.9 1
MCAJC
3964.13
9.45
CPPH
2590.22
6, 19
VJAC
2866.55
6.8 3
JJAC
553.95
1, 32
JCPHP
1761.73
4.2
SNH
248.98
0.59
TOTAL
41,939.86
100
Table 6: Spa ial dis ibu ion o OCS class a eas in 2005
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Figu e 3: FCI land co e maps based on 2005 Landsa -ETM+ and 1988 Landsa TM image y
Mapping he spa io- empo al dynamics o land use in he I obo classi ied o es using Landsa images om 1988, 2005 and
2020
The map showing he dynamics o land use ypes in he I obo classi ied o es , aking in o accoun he yea s 1988, 2005, and 2020,
is he esul o jux aposing he land use maps o each o hese yea s.
F om 1988 o 2020, we ha e an in e al o hi y- wo (32) yea s and a yea s ep o a leas 15 yea s be ween wo da es. F om 1988
o 2020, we ha e an in e al o hi y- wo (32) yea s and a gap o a leas 15 yea s be ween wo da es. The e olu ion o he di e en
ypes o land use om 1988 o 2020 is eco ded in Table II and summa ized in he g aph in Figu e 15. Analysis o Figu e 15 shows
ha he e olu ion o land use ypes is e y une en, and we obse e wo ends in hei e olu ion om 1988 o 2020: an inc ease and
a dec ease in a ea. The inc ease in a ea is no able in he ca ego ies “pe ennial cocoa cul i a ion,” “mosaic o young annual cocoa
cul i a ion,” “pe ennial ubbe and oil palm cul i a ion,” “mosaic o deg aded o es /old allow land,” and “young allow land.” The
“pe ennial cocoa cul i a ion” ca ego y, which co e ed an a ea o 2,899.11 ha in 1988, inc eased o 12,953.49 ha in 2020. The class
"mosaic " ha annual cul u e young cocoa" goes om 3964.13 ha o 9188.01 ha wi h an a ea which was 18807.49 ha in 2005. The
hi d class, which conce ns ubbe and oil palm c ops, has gone om 2590.22 ha o 3958.1 ha. The “deg aded o es mosaic / old
allow” class p esen s 5099.59 ha in 2020 while
i co e ed 2866.55 ha in 1988. As o he las class o his e end, he "young allow " class which co e ed 559.95 ha, inc eases o
1323.54 ha oday. The second end includes he ollowing classes: " e o es a ion", " seconda y o es ", "young pe ennial ubbe
and oil palm cul i a ion " and " ba e soils and habi a s". Wi h a eas espec i e a eas o 9017.14 ha, 18038.05 ha, 1761.73 ha and
248.98 ha in 1988, hey co e espec i ely in 2020; 2596 ha, 6044.75 ha 739.3 ha and 37.08 ha.
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An h opogenic p essu es om indus ial and amily a ms a e he p ima y causes o he signi ican de o es a ion o he
s udy si e. While indus ial a ming emained con ined o he sou h o he classi ied o es , amily cocoa a ms sp ead apidly
h oughou he si e om he 2000s onwa ds.
In iew o his s udy, we en isage:
- Using d ones o disc imine la classe o ê dég adée e la classe ieille jachè e;
- Tes he abili y o d one da a o disc imina e be ween he di e en e o es a ions in his classi ied o es ,
- Take in en o y o he lo a o he 6,000 hec a es o o es elics ha s ill exis in his a ea.
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