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THE EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENTS IN KHYBER
PAKTHUNKHWA: 1901-1947; A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
D . Muhammad Sohail
Lec u e in Educa ion, Abdul Wali Khan Uni e si y, Ma dan
ABSTRACT
This his o ical pape is abou he Educa ional mo emen s in he p o ince o Khybe
Pakh unkhwa be o e independence o Pakis an. The p o ince was es ablished in
1901a e bi u ca ion o he Punjab p o ince. Bo h p ima y (A chi al eco ds, pe sonal
dia ies e c.) and seconda y sou ces (Books, documen s, newspape s) we e used o
analyse he conclusion h ough in e nal and ex e nal c i icism, con en analysis and
documen analysis. The Muslims popula ed p o ince o N.W.F.P now Khybe
Pakh unkhwa, was he mos backwa d p o ince in educa ion in he en i e India. The
inhabi an s o he p o ince, mos ly Pash uns, we e igno ed in educa ion by he B i ishe s,
due o hei geo- s a egic loca ion. I was he ga eway o he in asions, so he e mus be
no o low esis ance in he s a egic way o i , which needed illi e a e subo dina es. Thei
ene gies we e di e ed owa ds o he social mul iplici ies, de ached hem om ade,
comme ce, business and decision-making s akeholde ship. Se e al p ima y schools in
he p o ince we e o e ed o be es ablished a e success ul pa icipa ion o he illage s
in he Wo ld Wa .1 The Pakh uns, as a na ion, is e y passi e in comba ing wi h
collec i e e o s, did no ma e ialize he si ua ion, as was deemed, as a as educa ion
was conce ned in he ea ly decades o he wen ie h cen u y. The o he h ee
communi ies, Ch is ians, Hindus and Sikhs, indi idually and collec i ely, gene ously
pa icipa ed in es ablishing schools o hei own desi es. The educa ion lo e s Muslims,
oo, bene i ed om hose schools. The mode o educa ion a he ime, o e ed o p oduce
se an s o he go e nmen . Fo he pu pose, mos o hem we e picked du ing he
educa ion, ei he in 5 h g ade o abo e. Educa ion was o cibly, as a discon inua ion, did
no spa kle he sel -es eem and sel - ealiza ion, hence he pu pose was dipped.
Key wo ds; Educa ional Mo emen s, Khybe Pakh unkhwa
EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENTS IN KHYBER PAKTHUNKHWA: 1901-1947
Mo emen is an indi idual o a collec i e e o o achie e he de ined goals. Social
mo emen s e e o he indi idual, g oup o o ganiza ional ocus on social issues. Social
mo emen s a e he ou bu s o he lack o educa ional, economic, social, poli ical,
democ a ic igh s and eedom o exp ession. 2 Educa ion is he esponsibili y o he
s a e, howe e , in he colonial pe iod; i was aken by he indi iduals and g oups o
deli e i o he communi y. The s a e educa ion was designed o a ce ain cause; hence,
i s aim was o p oduce se an s and no ci izens. The main educa ional ins i u ions in he
p o ince o Khybe Pakh unkhwa in he ea ly decade o he wen ie h cen u y; we e he
esul o he social, eligious o o he con empo a y mo emen s. The educa ional
campaigns in he p o ince can be ca ego ized amongs ollowing; Da ul ulooms (Islamic
ins i u ions), Missiona y schools, Anjuman-i-Himaya -i- Islam schools, he Islamia
college mo emen , he educa ional mo emen o Haji Sahib Tu angzai and Anjuman-i-
Islahul A aghina mo emen o Azad schools. Missiona y schools he i s missiona y
school was commenced in he a ea in Koha i Ga e Peshawa , naming Edwa d Mission
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School in 1853. The school is ega ded as he pionee among all ins i u ions in he a ea.
I was es ablished a a ime when lea ning and s udying was conside ed a big sin. I was
he e o s o Si He be Edwa ds, he B i ish commissione o Peshawa , who
es ablished i in Re i Baza as p ima y school. The school was hen shi ed o he
his o ical Koha i Ga e. Robe C o was appoin ed as i s i s p incipal. Figu e-2.1:
Missiona y School The school was a ilia ed wi h Calcu a Uni e si y in 1920 ollowed
by he Uni e si y o he Punjab in 1934. In 1952, i was a ilia ed wi h he Uni e si y o
he Peshawa . I was a g ea cen e o lea ning no only o he egion, bu s uden s om
A ghanis an and cen al Asia we e admi ed he e. Amongs hem, D . Khan sahib, he
o me chie minis e o he NWFP did his ma icula ion om his school. Sahibzada
Abdul Qayum Khan, oo, o me chie minis e , s udied o e he e. He oo emained a
eache in his school o some ime. Sa da Abdul Rab Nish a , he o me ede al
minis e o Pakis an, Pa is Bukha i, a well-known li e a y pe son and Gene al Yahya
Khan, he la e p esiden o Pakis an emained s uden s o e he e. D . Najibullah, he
o me p esiden o A ghanis an, also s udied in his ins i u ion. Bacha Khan also s udied
in his school un il he commission was o e ed o him in he B i ish A my. The school
holds he honou o hos ini ial classes o Edwa d College o en yea s om 1901 o
1910.
The cu en school building was u ilized as a palace o he Peshawa go e no Sa da Ya
Mohammad Khan om 1823 o 1829. His younge b o he Sul an Mohammad Khan
used i om 1831 o 1834. The edi ice was u ned o e o he school in 1853. The e was
a chu ch in he school used by he B i ish o icials o wo ship. Figu e-2.3: Inaugu a ion
s one o he esiden o Ex-Go e no Ya Muhammad Khan, used o Missiona y School
Peshawa Al hough he p ima y aim o he school was o p each Ch is iani y as Edwa ds
in his speech men ioned i . Figu e-2.4: Showing he 114 h celeb a ions o he Edwa ds
school I is, o cou se, incumben upon us o be p uden ; o lay s ess upon he selec ion
o disc ee men o missiona ies; o begin quie ly wi h schools, and wai he p ope ime
o p eaching.”
The his o y o di e he Pa han‟s eligion was no new o he B i ishe s. To begin wi h
he Mughal King Akba , ailing o o e come hem, exploi hem wi h o e ing weal h. He
knew ha Pa hans as a na ion a e s aunch Muslims and can well be misdi ec ed in he
name o Islam and as ins inc i ely money lo e s can con enien ly be b ough by weal h.
The coming ule s exploi ed he wo ailings, he g ea es Khushal Khan‟s son Beh am
Khan was de lec ed o he Mughals, se e al e o s we e clea ed o obli e a e his own
a he .8 The B i ish engaged he same p esc ip ion o begin wi h ollowed by Mughals,
Sikhs and Du ani ule s. Ano he gain o his Akba i p esc ip ion made by he B i ishe s
was o d aw in he e ocious and wa like ibesmen owa ds hei eligion by eaching
and p eaching Ch is iani y in he educa ional ins i u ions. In one case hey a e disposed
owa ds Ch is iani y, hey would au oma ically become loyal o he c own and conside
B i ish enemies as hei own. 9 No doub he missiona ies wo ked o hei aims, ye
mode n educa ion was passed on wi h due spi i . Religious amilies, oo, admi ed hei
child en in missiona y schools, as he e was no o he al e na i e. Secondly he ins uc ion
aken o e in he missiona y schools was ecognized in se ices, hence he a o dable
class app oached hem wi h no al e ing. The o he p ominen missiona y schools we e
es ablished in De a Ismial Khan, Bannue, Ma dan, Abbo abad, Ha ipu , U manzai
(Cha sadda), Malakand and Swabi.10 The exac names used o hese schools we e; 1.
Penal High school, Bannue 2. Sain Jones P ima y school, Peshawa 3. Lady G i i h
High school, Peshawa ci y 4. Ch is ian Mission school, De a Ismail Khan 5. Missiona y
P ima y school, U manzai 6 Missiona y High school Ma dan 7. Missiona y High school
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Ha ipu 8. Missiona y school Swabi 9. Missiona y school, Da gai, Malakand 10. Abbo
memo ial school, Abbo abad The educa ional mo emen o Haji sahib Tu angzai (1859-
1937) Haji Fazli Wahid alias Haji Sahib Tu angzai was bo n in 1859 in he amily o
Haji Fazli Ahad in illage Tu angzai, Cha sadda. His o e a he s belonged o a
espec able and spi i ual con inui y o Saada . His mo he belonged o a eligious amily
o Zya a Kaka Sahib, Nowshe a. He ecei ed his ea ly educa ion om Maulana
Abubaka in his home own. He p oceeded o a eligious Da ul Uloom in Tehkal,
Peshawa . This mad assa was di ec ly con olled by Maulana Najmuddin alias Hudda
Mullah.11 He was imp essed wi h his class o lea ning and p eaching. He came back o
his na i e own a e educa ion and began g owing. He also wen o Deoband, whe e he
me wi h Maulana Mehmmod ul Hasan. He pe o med his Haj wi h Maulana Mehmmod
ul Hasan and Maulana Rasheed Ahmed Gangohi, he wo men o s o he Deoband
Mad assa. On e u n back home, he was awa ded he name o Haji Sahib o Tu angzai.
In 1908 he made a sedi ious p eaching in his Mosque cum Mad asa, and was a es ed. In
1914, he ied, wi h small success, o b ing on he illage s o boyco he go e nmen
school in a o o he mosque.13 The educa ional mo emen o Haji Sahib was s a ed in
1910, he ini ia i e ook in he home own Tu angzai, Gadda (Ma dan) and U manzai.
The inclina ion owa ds educa ion and e o ma ion was in epe cussion owa ds he
g owing e ec s o he missiona y schools in he alley. The p o ince was, as a as
educa ional con ol was conce ned, in comple e g ip o missiona ies. The Edwa ds
mission school a ac ed he in luen ial class o he alley, on he sou he n side i was a
Penal mission school in Bannue and he one in De a Ismial Khan. In 1907, he
es ablishmen o a missiona y school in U manzai,wo ied Haji Sahib and he s a ed
hinking how o g ip he si ua ion. Haji Sahib, a e consul a ions wi h close companions,
like Maulana Mohammad Is ael, Maulana Aziz and Maulana Shaki ullah ge hold o o a
h ee-dimensional objec i e o he es ablishmen o he Azad Islamia schools. i. To
educa e he people o he NWFP, who su e ed g ea ha dships a he hands o Sikhs and
B i ish du ing hei ule. ii. To compe e wi h he g owing missiona ies. iii. To gi e
lessons o Jihad wi h o mal educa ion. He s a ed his mission by es ablishing Azad
Islamia schools in di e en illages o he egion. A e pe o ming his second Hajj in
he yea 1899, he s a ed p eaching in he a eas o Ma dan and Peshawa . His mode o
eaching and p eaching, a ac ed many o popula ize him in he communi y. The public
suppo ha he ecei ed du ing his isi s, we e p ope ly channelized owa ds dona ing in
cash and kind o he o ma ion o he Azad Islamia schools. The inaugu al ins i u ions
we e es ablished in Gadda Ma dan and U manzai Cha sadda. I was ollowed by he one
in Tehkal Payan, Peshawa . By he yea 1913, ollowing we e he Azad Islamia schools
es ablished by Haji Sahib o Tu angzai.The lis o he schools ha we e es ablished by
Haji Sahib o Tu angzai, is as; 1. Azad Islamia school o Gadda Ma dan 2. Azad Islamia
school o U manzai, Cha sadda 3. Azad Islamia school o Ka o de i, Peshawa 4. Azad
Islamia school o Gul Bela, Peshawa 5. Azad Islamia school o Tehkal Payan, Peshawa
6. Azad Islamia school o U ma Miana, Peshawa 7. Azad Islamia school o Akba pu a,
Nowshe a 8. Azad Islamia school o Banda Mulayan, Nowshe a 9. Azad Islamia school
o Jehangi a, Nowshe a 10. Azad Islamia school o To de , Swabi 11. Azad Islamia
school o Mane ai Payan, Swabi 12. Azad Islamia school o Naudeh, Swabi 13. Azad
Islamia school o Tu landi, Swabi 14. Azad Islamia school o Ismaila, Swabi 15. Azad
Islamia school o Kalu Khan, Swabi 16. Azad Islamia school o Adina, Swabi 17. Azad
Islamia school o Ga hi Kapoo a 18. Azad Islamia school o Ga hi Daula zai 19. Azad
Islamia school o Ga hi Ismailzai 20. Azad Islamia school o Ko a, Swabi 21. Azad
Islamia school o Tu u 22. Azad Islamia school o Guja Ga hi 23. Azad Islamia school
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o Shahbaz Ga hi 24. Azad Islamia school o Mohammand Na i, Cha sadda 25. Azad
Islamia school o Da gai 26. Azad Islamia school o Gul Abad 27. Azad Islamia school
o Uma zai, Cha sadda 28. Azad Islamia school o Ag a Miayana 29. Azad Islamia
school o Ag a Payan 30. Azad Islamia school Rajja , Cha sadda 31. Azad Islama school
o p ang Cha sadda 32. Azad Islamia school o Kha akai, Cha sadda 33. Azad Islamia
school o Tangi, Cha sadda 34. Azad Islamia school o Peshawa ci y. The a chi e
eco d shows ha he e we e ele en schools es ablished in Cha sadda, one in Peshawa
ci y, eigh in Swabi, ou in Nowshe a and eigh in Ma dan.18 Howe e , Aziz Ja aid in
his book „Haji Sahib Tu angzai‟ while desc ibing he lis o he schools, misquo ed some
in o ma ion. He ook he lis om he a chi e eco ds, which shows 32 schools. And in
de ails o he school he men ioned he schools o Anjuman-i-Islahul A aghina. The de ail
abou he Azad school Kalu Khan, Ya Hussain, Tu landi and S a cheena is no way lis ed
in he schools o Haji Sahib, a he hese schools we e es ablished by a Khudai
Khidma ga Syed Nas ullah Jan, who was eased by he ollowe s o Haji Sahib and
engaged him in cou cases abou he owne ship. The only school ha was common wi h
bo h Haji Sahib and Anjuman, was ha o Azad School Nawi Killi, now enamed as
Ke nal She Khan killi.19 The case o he owne ship was also won by Syed Nas ullah
Jan in he cou o ci il judge Ma dan.20 The a chi al eco d and o he esea ch ma e ial
abou he con ingen o he schools o Haji Sahib Tu angzai, a e dumb. Sidiqullah
Rekh een, in his book Da Muh amim Jond e e ed he in e iew o Fazli Mabood, he
son o Haji Sahib Tu angzai, ha numbe o Azad schools es ablished by Haji Sahib
we e 70. While men ioning Muhammad Mi Shah Qad i om he book, he schola s and
su is Ulamai au Mashiakh Sa had, he numbe o schools we e 50.21 Abou he schools
o Haji Sahib, he only au hen ic documen ound was he pe sonal dia y and unpublished
book o he Hakim Mohammad Aslam Sanj i.22 He was much closed o Haji Sahib as
his pe sonal assis an and as an ac i e membe o he Hizbullah.23 Acco ding o his
unpublished documen , he schools we e unded by he ollowe s o he Haji Sahib in
di e en pa s o he p o ince, we e 32. The land oo, was dona ed by he ollowe s, o
he schools we e opened in he Mosques. Howe e , he cu iculum included only
eligious lea nings and no mode n subjec s we e included in i .24 The popula i y as a
public igu e and symbolic s a us o he eligious eli e, o ced he B i ish au ho i ies o
p esume him as „symbolic eli e o he Muslims o he egion. They y h ough Sahibzada
Abdul Qayum Khan o pa icipa e in he inaugu al ce emony o he Islamia College,
Peshawa . And o he pu pose he schola s, eligious and in luen ial igu es in se le and
ibal bel , we e in i ed o he opening ce emony, which was he Mosque o he Islamia
College. Haji Sahib o Tu angzai laid he ounda ion o he Mosque o he Islamia
College, Peshawa on Ma ch 21s , 1912.25 The poli ical objec i e o he es ablishmen o
he Islamia College, Peshawa as epo ed by Lal Baha, e e ing Ross Keppel, was o
keep quie he people o he p o ince and he ibal bel . He exp essed i : “I he college
become a success, as he e is li le doub ha i will, I belie e ha he e ec on he peace
o he bo de will be e y g ea e en ually as I shall y o ge in all sons o he ibal
Maliks, he chie s o he nex gene a ion, o a end he School and o lea n ha he
Fe inghi and his adminis a ion a e no so black as hey a e pain ed.” Ha dinge suppo ed
and app o ed he idea by exp essing: “Qui e ce ain ha he sp ead o educa ion is he
mos sa is ac o y means o e olu ionizing he si ua ion in he No h- Wes F on ie and
keeping he ibes quie .” No doub , Haji Sahib, ma k ou , he sense. The e was no
Fe inghi in he inaugu al ce emony o he Mosque, howe e he es ablishmen o college
ce emony, conduc ed in a ea o he Peshawa Museum now a days, was e used by him
in he p esence o Ross Keppel si ing a he s age. The ac annoyed Sahibzada Qayum,
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he Hindu P ess and Missiona ies, who we e also agains he o ma ion o such a gigan ic
ins i u ion.28 Haji Sahib con inued his e o s in educa ing and e o ming he socie y
h ough his Mada isand p eaching. His main ocus was he B i ish Raj, agains which, he
p eached o Jihad. He asked he Pakh uns o help him in ge ing id o he B i ish
impe ialism. The go e nmen could no a o d silence o e his ole, decided o a es
him. He was in o med be o e his a es by one o his ollowe s, he succeeded o escape
o Bune , ollowed by Laka o Mohmand ibal e i o y in Ap il, 1915. A e his escape
o T ibal bel , he au ho i ies banned he Mada is and a es ed he eache s, hus pu an
end o he e o ma i e educa ional mo emen o Haji Sahib o Tu angzai in 1915.30 The
Khalisa High schools The Sikh communi y es ablished wo schools in Peshawa ; one was
Khalisa High school in can onmen a ea and he o he , Nanakpu a School in he ci y
egion. The Khalisa high school was es ablished in 1930, in chu ch s yle. Sahibzada
Abdul Qayum was in i ed by he Sikh communi y o he ini ia o y ce emony. In 1947,
a e independence, i was enamed as Muslim Model School and was ope a ed on sel -
base. The school was na ionalized in 1950 and was enamed as GHS No 4 Peshawa . I
was again enamed as GHS No1 Peshawa Can in 1960. The admissions, wi hd awal
om he school shows ha s uden s om all eligion we e admi ed o e he e. Howe e ,
he Sikh communi y was domina ing. 31 The o he school buil by he Sikh communi y
was he Khalisa Anglo e nacula middle school Peshawa can onmen . The phenomenal
a i ude o he Sikh communi y owa ds educa ion anked hem a he op. Mo eo e , hey
impa ed educa ion in hese schools in hei own language, which was he cause o a ac
a high popula ion owa ds educa ion. Following is he lis o Khalisa schools in he
p o ince.1. Khalisa High school, Peshawa ci y 2. Khalisa Anglo e nacula Middle
school Peshawa can onmen 3. Khalisa Anglo e nacula high school Bicke Gunj,
Ma dan 4. Khalisa Anglo e nacula Middle school Ma dan 5. Khalisa High school,
Ha ipu 6. Khalisa P ima y school, Lakki 7. Khalisa High school, Bannue 8. Khalisa
P ima y school, Bannue 9. Khalisa P ima y school, Bannue The Sana ham Dha am
Schools The Hindu communi y es ablished he Sana ham Dha am schools in di e en
pa o he p o ince.33 They we e; 1. Sana ham Dha am high school, Peshawa ci y 2.
Sana ham Dha am high school, Ma dan 3. Sana ham Dha am high school, Bannue 4.
Sana ham Dha am P ima y school, Bannue 5. Vedic Bha hi college De a Ismail Khan.
The Mo emen o Anjuman Himaya -i-Islam The Anjuman-I Himaya Islam was
ounded by Ba is e Fida Muhammad Khan in Peshawa . He made he Anjuman o
es ablish Islamia schools in he ci y. The i s Islamia School was es ablished in a en ed
building in 1890 wi h he help o Babu Ghulam Haide Khan and o he enligh ened
communi y o he ci y. The school, a e upg aded o middle in 1902, was shi ed o he
new building in on o Kabali Ga e. The land was pu chased and he new cons uc ion
was made wo h Rs. 32000 in 1936. I was na ionalized in 1950 and enamed as
Go e nmen High school No 3, Peshawa ci y.34 Following is he lis o o he schools
ha we e es ablished by he Anjuman-I Himaya Islam. 1. Islamia P ima y school,
Mohalla Khudadad, Peshawa Ci y 2. Islamia High school, Koha 3. Islamia High school,
De a Ismail Khan 4. Islamia High school, Bannue 5. Islamia High school, Ha ipu 6.
Islamia High school, Abbo abad35 Conclusion The educa ional backwa dness o he
p o ince, since i s es ablishmen in 1901, was due he ac ha Muslims we e no
pe suaded owa ds educa ion, no hey es ablished schools o hei own child en.
Con a y o i , he Non-Muslims es ablished he educa ional se up, whe e educa ion was
gi en i espec i e o he cas and c eed. Ou o eigh high schools in Peshawa ci y, only
one was ini ia ed by hem. The es o he schools we e es ablished by Ch is ian, Sikh
and Hindu communi y. The schools o he Haji Sahib o Tu angzai we e pu e eligious
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and hey, oo, we e s opped in 1915. The ba ie s ha we e on ed by he Haji Sahib,
du ing his mo emen , ne e aced by o he indi iduals and communi ies The p ocess o
he ecogni ion and subsc ip ions o hese schools, we e highly disc imina ed. Educa ion
was ne e in con o mi y wi h uni o m s anda ds, g adually he di e en schools con ined
hemsel es o p each hei own agenda o eligion, igh ly obse ed and epo ed by he
p o incial assembly in 1946.
REFERENCES AND NOTES
Ox o d dic iona y
Baha, L. (2013). Backg ound o Mode n Educa ion in NWFP. In The His o y o Islamia
college, Peshawa , Vol 1 (1913-53) (Is Ed., Vol. 1, p. 07) Peshawa : D . Maqsood
Ali.
Edwa ds Memo ial Nu se y School. (n.d.). Re ie ed Oc obe 27, 2013
School eco d o Mission school, Koha i, isi ed on 23/10/2014
Ibid 6. Eadon, S. (1935). A His o y o he Chu ch Missiona y Socie y (Vol. 2, p. 206).
Gha a , A. (1983). Zama Jund Aw Jadujuhud (1s ed., p. 310). Kabul: Daula i Ma ba.
Spain, J. (1962). The way o Pa hans (Is ed., p.109). Robe Hale, London.
Ja aid ,A .(1981).Haji Sahib Tu angzai; Ida a Tahqeeq o Tasnee Pakis an, Na ees p in e s
Laho e,p.66
h p.www. Some accoun o he A ghans, and o he Chu ch Mission, e ie ed on 14/9/2015
Maulana Najmuddin alias Hudda Mullah was spi i ual ollowe o Khaz a Akhun o
Swa . He was oo, a spi i ual Leade , ea ing he sickened phobia in he spi i o his
lea ning. He also pa icipa ed in Jihad agains B i ish Raj in he massac es o Malakand,
Chama kand, Bu khela, Pi kili and Chakda a. In many places Hai Sahib o Tu angzai
accompanied him in he ba le ield. Haji Sahib, was a s uden and spi i ual ollowe o
Mullah Hudda.
Sabi , S. (1990). Haji Sahib Tu angzai. In Tazki a Sa a oshani Sa had (pp. 223-224). Peshawa :
Uni e si y Book Agency.
Di ec o a e o A chi e, Peshawa , Bundle 45, Se ial numbe 744
NWFP Gaze ee s, 1911, Di ec o a e o A chi es, Peshawa ,p.309
Ja aid, A. (1981). Haji Sahib Tu angzai (1s ed., p. 66). Laho e: Ida a Tahqeeq o Tasnee
Pakis an.
Di ec o a e o A chi es, Peshawa , Bundle 44, Se ial numbe 711-719
Ja aid, A. (1981). Haji Sahib Tu angzai (1s ed., p. 70). Laho e: Ida a Tahqeeq o Tasnee
Pakis an.
Di ec o a e o A chi es, Peshawa , Bundle 70, Se ial numbe 58
Di ec o a e o a chi es, Peshawa , Bundle 84, 85, 85 A
Di ec o a e o A chi e, Peshawa , Depu y commissione lis , Bundle 51, File 279
Rekh een, S. (1987). Da Muh amim Jond (1s ed, p.86) Uni e si y Book Agency, Peshawa .
Hakim Mohammad Aslam Sanj i (1895-1977) was he son o a p ominen eedom igh e
Qazi Gul Ahmed. He along wi h his b o he Ghulam Mohyddin and a he , we e
imp isoned o ou yea s. They we e e y ha shly ea ed by he au ho i ies. Sanj i saib
hen mo ed o Laka o, Mohmand agency and joined Haji Saib o Tu angzai. He emained
pe sonal assis an and ansla o o Haji Saib o a long pe iod. He was a Hakeem (doc o ),
ha ing he shop in he Qissa Khawani Baza , Peshawa . He emained he poli ical ad iso
o he A ghan king Ami Amanullah Khan om 1914-1927. The in o ma ion a e aken
om he pe sonal dia y o Hakim Mohammad Aslam Sanj i.
Hizbullah was ini ia ed by Maulana Mehmmod ul Hasan be o e 1913. I was he a e e ec s o
he Balqan wa , when he Tu key Khila a was kep in dange . Ini ially i wo ked
unde g ound bu in 1913, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad announced i o mally in Calcu a.
Haji Sahib o Tu angzai was he p esiden o Hizbullah in NWFP. The pu pose was o
o m an o ganisa ion o gain suppo o jihad. Aslam Sanj i‟s dia y,p.8
Sanj i, A. (1955). Unpublished documen , p.10
Dialogue Social Science Re iew (DSSR)
www. hedss .com
ISSN Online: 3007-3154
ISSN P in : 3007-3146
Vol. 3 No. 10 (Oc obe ) (2025)
82
Baha, L. (2013). Founda ion Ce emony. In The His o y o Islamia college, Peshawa , Vol 1
(1913-53) (Is Ed., Vol. 1, p. 44). Peshawa : D . Maqsood Ali.
Rose- Keppel o Ha dinge, Oc obe
1911, Ha dinge pape s, Vol.82. Repo ed by Lal Baha, p.52 27. Ibid, p.52
Sanj i, A. (1955). Unpublished documen , p.22. e e ing o his a he pe sonal dia y o Qazi
Aslam Sanj i
Waqa Ali Shah, S. (2007). Bacha Khan (p. 04). Peshawa : Bacha Khan Resea ch Cen e.
Ibid, p.5
Im an, I. (2002). Educa ional Ins i u ions. In Peshawa Sadda Ta eekh Ki Ayeeni Me (p. 317).
Peshawa : Shah Book S o e. Pakh unkhwa, Peshawa .
N.W.F.P Legisla i e Assembly deba es, 14 h Sep embe 1939, Volume i
Ibid, p.381
Ib ahim Zia, M. (2011). Peshawa Mazi Ki Da eechu se (2nd ed., p. 301). Peshawa : Zia son‟s
p in e s.
Di ec o a e o public ins uc ions, Peshawa ; His o y o Islamia schools, eco d sec ion.
