Jou nal o Educa ion, Communica ion, and Digi al Humani ies -Vol.2, No.1, Sep . 2025
pg. 130
Resea ch in he E a o Gene a i e AI: In es iga ing Edi o ial Responses o Nige ian
Communica ion Jou nals
Shad ach Idi, PhD.
Depa men o Mass Communica ion, Ta aba S a e Uni e si y, Jalingo
shad ac[email p o ec ed]
&
Maikomo, John Moses, PhD.
Depa men o Poli ical Science, Ta aba S a e Uni e si y, Jalingo
[email p o ec ed]
DOI : h ps://doi.o g/10.5281/zenodo.17311155
Abs ac
The apid adop ion o gene a i e a i icial in elligence (AI) ools like Cha GPT in d a ing ex
including manusc ip has aised p essing ques ions abou academic in eg i y and e hical
publishing wo ldwide. This s udy in es iga ed he p epa edness o Nige ian communica ion
jou nals o egula e he e hical use o AI in esea ch and manusc ip submissions. Using a
iangula ion app oach, he s udy combined documen e iew o edi o ial and publishing
policies om en Nige ian communica ion jou nals wi h in-dep h in e iews in ol ing i e
jou nal edi o s. Da a we e hema ically analysed o iden i y explici policy e e ences o AI,
edi o s’ pe sonal ini ia i es, and challenges hinde ing e ec i e egula ion. Findings e ealed
ha while mos jou nals emphasise o iginali y and p ohibi plagia ism, explici e e ences o
AI use emain la gely absen . In e iews u he showed ha edi o s had no aken p oac i e
ini ia i es o egula e AI, ins ead leaning hea ily on exis ing guidelines ha we e no designed
wi h AI in mind. Key challenges included in as uc u al de ici s, inancial cons ain s, and
poo AI li e acy pa icula ly among olde senio edi o s limi ing he abili y o implemen o
en o ce AI- ela ed policies. The s udy ecommends u gen policy e isions, capaci y building,
and ins i u ional collabo a ion o s eng hen AI go e nance in Nige ian schola ly publishing
and sa egua d he in eg i y o communica ion esea ch.
Keywo ds: Gene a i e AI, Edi o ial Policies, Resea ch E hics, Communica ion, Jou nals,
Nige ia
Jou nal o Educa ion, Communica ion, and Digi al Humani ies -Vol.2, No.1, Sep . 2025
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In oduc ion
The eme gence and apid adop ion o A i icial In elligence (AI) in oday's wo ld ha e
signi ican ly ans o med a ious ields, including academia and scien i ic esea ch. A wide
a ay o AI ools, such as Cha GPT, Pape Pal, Elici , Consensus, OpenAI, Resea ch Rabbi ,
Pe plexi y, and Hype W i e, a e now employed o acili a e almos e e y aspec o esea ch,
anging om idea gene a ion, manusc ip w i ing, li e a u e sou cing and e iew, o da a
analysis and ci a ion managemen . AI ools can, in essence, suppo he esea ch o academic
w i ing p ocess om incep ion o comple ion. This de elopmen is gene a ing deba e wi hin
he scien i ic communi y. A s and o li e a u e (e.g., Çela e al., 2024; Co êa, 2023; Co on e
al., 2023; Pe kins, 2023a; Roe e al., 2023) a gues ha AI use in esea ch discou ages c i ical
hinking a co ne s one o schola ly inqui y and poses nume ous e hical conce ns, including
plagia ism, a icle ab ica ion, p i acy in asion, and a lack o da a anspa ency, au hen ici y,
and c edibili y, which a e undamen al pilla s o scien i ic esea ch. On he o he hand,
he e o e, he use o AI ools in esea ch isks unde mining academic in eg i y.
On he o he hand, some schola s (e.g., Chubb e al., 2021b; Askin e al., 2023; Hosseini e al.,
2023; Kenchakkana a , 2023) iew he applica ion o AI in he esea ch p ocess as a posi i e
de elopmen . Acco ding o hem, AI ools enhance esea ch e iciency by au oma ing da a
analysis, li e a u e sea ches, edi ing, and collabo a ion, while p o iding access o a b oade
ange o ma e ials. The e o e, AI ools in esea ch lead o ime-sa ing and he p oduc ion o
high-quali y esea ch pape s. Despi e he ongoing deba e, he e is a g owing consensus ha AI
is he e o s ay, and a en ion has shi ed o ensu ing he e hical u ilisa ion o AI ools. As Kocak
(2024) ap ly obse es, schola ly publishing is apidly e ol ing due o AI, necessi a ing ha
esea che s, au ho s, e iewe s, and edi o s upda e hei knowledge and add ess associa ed
challenges o ensu e AI ools a e used e hically and esponsibly.
In de eloped na ions, he e hical use o AI in esea ch has ga ne ed subs an ial a en ion om
publishe s, uni e si ies, esea ch unding bodies, and in e na ional o ganisa ions such as
UNESCO (Nguyen e al., 2022; Wach e al., 2023; Dabis & Csáki, 2024). P ominen jou nal
publishe s, including Else ie , Sp inge , COPE, MDPI, and Eme ald, ha e p oac i ely e ised
hei edi o ial and publishing policies o add ess he implica ions o AI echnologies. Fo
example, MDPI and COPE manda e ha au ho s disclose he ex en o AI usage in hei
esea ch. Else ie speci ies ha gene a i e AI and AI-assis ed echnologies should p ima ily
enhance eadabili y and language cla i y, wi hou eplacing key au ho ing esponsibili ies.
Jou nal o Educa ion, Communica ion, and Digi al Humani ies -Vol.2, No.1, Sep . 2025
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Simila ly, Sp inge allows he use o AI ools o copy-edi ing o imp o e ex eadabili y and
elimina e e o s in g amma and punc ua ion bu s ic ly p ohibi s hei use o gene a i e
edi o ial wo k o au onomous con en c ea ion. These jou nal pla o ms ha e also exp essed
hei commi men o con inuously e isi ing and adap ing hei publishing policies in esponse
o he e ol ing landscape o AI and ela ed echnologies.
Clea ly s a ed egula ions and edi o ial policies on AI usage a e belie ed o play a c ucial ole
in p omo ing he e hical use o AI and sa egua ding he in eg i y o scien i ic ou pu (Resnik &
Hosseini, 2024). Howe e , in Nige ia, al hough exis ing s udies (e.g. Temi ope e al, 2025;
Pan u o e al, 2025; Mohammed & Shehu, 2023; Bali e al, 2024; Shad ach e al., 2024)
indica e a deg ee o AI adop ion among esea che s and highe educa ional ins i u ions, he e
is a no iceable gap in unde s anding how esea ch ins i u ions and o ganisa ions a e add essing
he e hical challenges associa ed wi h hese ools. While nume ous jou nals and publishe s
ac oss a ious disciplines con inue o dissemina e esea ch, i emains unce ain whe he hese
en i ies ha e e ised hei policies o es ablished obus s anda ds o ensu e he e hical
u ilisa ion o AI echnologies. Agains his backd op, he cu en s udy was conduc ed wi h a
ocus on communica ion jou nals in Nige ia.
The P oblem
Wi h he widesp ead adop ion o AI especially Gene a i e AI such as Cha GPT in academic
esea ch globally, i is an icipa ed ha publishe s may inc easingly ecei e en i ely AI-
gene a ed submissions (Ande son e al., 2023; Ta e e al., 2023). This de elopmen poses
signi ican h ea s o esea ch in eg i y and i s con ibu ion o socie al p og ess. De ec ing AI-
gene a ed ex emains highly challenging. Schola s such as Pe kins e al. (2023) ha e e ealed
ha e en ad anced AI de ec ion so wa e, including Tu ni in, achie es a de ec ion a e o only
54.8%, wi h inaccu acies iden i ied ac oss a ious de ec ion ools (Webe -Wul e al., 2023).
This challenge is u he compounded by he ongoing de elopmen o AI ools capable o
e ading many de ec ion sys ems. In esponse, he e has been a g owing call o upda ed au ho
guidelines and publishing policies o add ess he e hical use o AI in schola ly publishing
(Lieb enz e al., 2023). I is a gued ha when au ho s a e made awa e o he po en ial ha m o
une hical AI use in hei wo k, hey a e mo e likely o exe cise cau ion (Lund & Ting, 2023).
Jou nal o Educa ion, Communica ion, and Digi al Humani ies -Vol.2, No.1, Sep . 2025
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While his issue is ecei ing conside able a en ion in he Uni ed S a es and Eu ope, he same
canno be said o de eloping na ions such as Nige ia. In Nige ia, nume ous jou nals, including
a ange o communica ion jou nals published by uni e si ies and p o essional bodies,
consis en ly ecei e and dissemina e esea ch a icles. Howe e , i emains unclea whe he
hese jou nals ha e e ised hei policies o es ablished s anda ds o manage he use o AI, as
he e is a pauci y o s udies on his issue wi hin he Nige ian con ex . This s udy aims o ill
his gap, wi h a speci ic ocus on Nige ian communica ion jou nals, conside ing hei
popula i y.
Resea ch Ques ions
The s udy was guided by he ollowing esea ch ques ions:
1. To wha ex en do Nige ian communica ion jou nals inco po a e e hical guidelines on
he use o gene a i e AI in manusc ip submissions?
2. Wha pe sonal ini ia i es, i any, do Nige ian jou nal edi o s employ o egula e he use
o AI in submi ed manusc ip s?
3. Wha challenges hinde he e ec i e implemen a ion o s a egies o managing he use
o gene a i e AI in manusc ip submissions?
Concep ualizing AI
A i icial In elligence (AI) has a a longe his o y han is o en assumed, wi h i s philosophical
and scien i ic oo s aceable as a back as ancien G eece (Şenocak, e al 2023). The mode n
concep ion o AI, howe e , is s ongly associa ed wi h he pionee ing wo k o Alan Tu ing
(1950) and he landma k Da mou h Con e ence in 1956, whe e John McCa hy o icially
coined he e m, de ining i as “ he science and enginee ing o making in elligen machines”
(McCo duck, 2004). Since hen, AI has con inued o a ac schola ly a en ion ac oss
disciplines, ye i s ill lacks a uni e sally ag eed de ini ion. Di e en schola s ha e none heless
p o ided wo king de ini ions. Fo ins ance, Bellman, as ci ed in Gil de Zúñiga, e al (2023),
desc ibes AI as compu a ional sys ems capable o execu ing asks gene ally linked wi h human
in elligence, including lea ning, easoning, pe cep ion, p oblem-sol ing, and decision-making.
In a simila ein, Rashid and Kausik (2024) de ine AI as machine-based in elligence ha
simula es human cogni i e unc ions, pa icula ly decision-making and p oblem-sol ing.
Wi hin he b oade spec um o AI exis s a mo e specialised ca ego y known as Gene a i e AI.
Gene a i e AI e e s o sys ems designed o c ea e new con en whe he ex , images, audio,
code, o ideo h ough he iden i ica ion and eplica ion o pa e ns ound in exis ing da a
((Ma iani & Dwi edi, 2024). A widely known example o such echnology is Cha GPT. Unlike
o he AI models ha may ocus solely on classi ica ion o p edic ion, gene a i e models
Jou nal o Educa ion, Communica ion, and Digi al Humani ies -Vol.2, No.1, Sep . 2025
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dis inguish hemsel es h ough hei capaci y o c ea i i y, p oducing en i ely new con en in
esponse o use p omp s. The c ea i e po en ial o gene a i e AI has made i inc easingly
popula among di e se g oups, pa icula ly esea che s and au ho s. Howe e , his e y
capaci y aises e hical conce ns abou o iginali y, au ho ship, and he in eg i y o esea ch
ou pu s. The abili y o such ools o gene a e en i e manusc ip s o signi ican po ions o
schola ly wo k has uelled deba es on whe he gene a i e AI unde mines es ablished academic
s anda ds o , con e sely, p o ides inno a i e oppo uni ies o knowledge p oduc ion.
P e ious Rela ed Empi ical S udies
The in eg a ion o AI in o educa ion has p omp ed nume ous s udies ha highligh bo h he
oppo uni ies and challenges i p esen s o lea ning and esea ch. These s udies consis en ly
emphasise he u gen need o e hical amewo ks o egula e AI use in scien i ic con ex s.
Some especially in he de eloped coun ies ha e also examined how s akeholde s in he
scien i ic communi y especially jou nal publishe s a e adjus ing hei policies in esponse o
he g owing adop ion o AI in esea ch. Fo example, Pe kins and Roe (2024) explo ed
publishe policies on AI-assis ed au ho ship and academic wo k using induc i e hema ic
analysis. Thei indings indica ed b oad ag eemen among publishe s ha human au ho ship
emains essen ial, and al hough he use o gene a i e AI ools is pe missible, i mus be
anspa en ly disclosed. Simila ly, Co êa e al. (2023) analysed 200 go e nance policies and
e hical guidelines on AI use issued by public bodies, academic ins i u ions, p i a e companies,
and ci il socie y o ganisa ions wo ldwide. Thei s udy sough o de e mine whe he a global
consensus exis s on he e hical p inciples guiding AI applica ions and o con ibu e o he
o ma ion o u u e egula ions. They iden i ied 17 ecu ing p inciples, wi h anspa ency and
accoun abili y s anding ou as he mos p ominen .
In ano he s udy, Hegazy e al. (2024) examined he e hical awa eness o pos g adua e s uden s
and hei adhe ence o e hical s anda ds when using AI in scien i ic w i ing. The esea ch,
conduc ed wi h 68 s uden s a he College o Educa ion, King Faisal Uni e si y, Saudi A abia,
e ealed mode a e le els o awa eness and compliance ega ding he e hical use o AI.
Likewise, Chen e al. (2024) in es iga ed esea ch in eg i y in he age o AI, iden i ying
challenges and po en ial esponses. Thei indings unde sco ed he need o comp ehensi e AI
in eg i y guidelines, inco po a ing explici p o ocols o AI use in da a analysis and publica ion,
in o de o sa egua d anspa ency and accoun abili y in AI-suppo ed esea ch. Along simila
lines, Qadhi e al. (2024) c i ically assessed discou ses on e hical AI in highe educa ion,
Jou nal o Educa ion, Communica ion, and Digi al Humani ies -Vol.2, No.1, Sep . 2025
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a guing ha policymake s, educa o s, and AI de elope s mus collabo a e o es ablish p ac ical
e hical guidelines. Dabis and Csáki (2024) u he examined he e hical challenges posed by
gene a i e AI in highe educa ion, analysing he ini ial esponses o 30 uni e si ies anked
among he op 500 in he Shanghai Ranking be ween May and July 2023. Thei s udy
highligh ed he e hical impe a i e ha s uden wo k mus e lec indi idual knowledge, wi h
human ac o s bea ing ul ima e mo al and legal esponsibili y o AI- ela ed misconduc . In he
A ican con ex , Ajwang and Ikoha (2024) in es iga ed he “publish o pe ish” dilemma in
Kenyan academia in ela ion o AI. D awing on ins i u ional guidelines, policies, no ms, and
p e ious s udies, hey iden i ied une hical p ac ices ha unde mine esea ch in eg i y, such as
alsi ica ion, ab ica ion, plagia ism, p-hacking, au ho ship con lic s, salami publica ion,
duplica e publica ion, da a manipula ion, and inapp op ia e s a is ical analysis.
The e iewed li e a u e indica es ha global esea ch on how jou nals and publishe s a e
de eloping policies o uphold e hical s anda ds in he e a o AI emains in i s in ancy, and is
almos non-exis en in Nige ia. Mos exis ing s udies ocus b oadly on educa ional and non-
educa ional ins i u ions, wi h only a ew, such as Pe kins and Roe (2024), add essing jou nal-
speci ic con ex s. This suppo s UNESCO’s posi ion ha al hough mul iple conce ns ega ding
AI in educa ion ha e been iden i ied, policy esponses emain la gely gene ic and implici
(Miao, e al, 2025). Fu he mo e, mos o he exis ing s udies ely on a single me hodology,
ypically quali a i e analysis o sys ema ic li e a u e e iews, wi hou inco po a ing he
pe spec i es o jou nal edi o s and au ho s. Such omissions limi deepe unde s anding o he
issue. The e o e, while hese s udies p o ide aluable insigh s in o he impo ance o e ising
o c ea ing policies and guidelines o AI use ac oss a ious sec o s, he e is a p essing need
o esea ch ha di ec ly in es iga es jou nal-speci ic policies, while also inco po a ing he
pe spec i es o bo h edi o s and au ho s. This ocus is pa icula ly c ucial because jou nals play
a cen al ole in dissemina ing cu ing-edge esea ch, which in u n shapes p ac ice and policy
ac oss o he domains. Add essing his gap unde sco es he signi icance o he p esen s udy.
Theo e ical unde pinning
This s udy is ancho ed on he E hics o Technology Theo y (ETT). The heo y eme ged in he
mid- wen ie h cen u y in esponse o he apid de elopmen o echnologies. I ep esen s a
syn hesis o he con ibu ions o se e al schola s, including Hans Jonas, Langdon Winne , and
James Moo (G een, 2022). The E hics o Technology Theo y posi s ha mos echnological
inno a ions b ing bo h bene i s and isks o socie y, and he e o e equi e ca e ul e hical
Jou nal o Educa ion, Communica ion, and Digi al Humani ies -Vol.2, No.1, Sep . 2025
pg. 136
e alua ion o s ike a balance be ween hese isks and bene i s (Bashii , 2025). In his ega d,
de elope s, use s, and egula o s sha e a mo al esponsibili y o ensu e ha echnologies a e
designed and applied e hically, in o de o minimise inhe en isks while maximising socie al
good.
The issue o echnology e hics has gene a ed conside able deba e and schola ship. Se e al
amewo ks ha e been p oposed o explain he phenomenon. While gene al e hical heo ies
such as u ili a ianism and deon ology can be applied o explain adop ion o echnology,
none heless, he e emains a pauci y o s udies explici ly iden i ying he E hics o Technology
Theo y as a amewo k o examining he subjec , sugges ing ha ETT is s ill de eloping. The
p esen s udy adap s he E hics o Technology Theo y o explain he e hical challenges posed
by he eme gence o AI ools in esea ch and o p opose policy and edi o ial measu es o guide
jou nals and publishe s. In doing so, his s udy ex ends he li e a u e on ETT and i s ele ance
o con empo a y deba es on echnology and e hics.
Ma e ials and Me hods
This s udy adop s a iangula ion esea ch app oach comp ising documen e iew and in-dep h
in e iews. The documen e iew was conduc ed using a checklis o analyse he edi o ial and
publishing e hical policies o communica ion jou nals, wi h he aim o iden i ying any
e e ences o he use o AI in esea ch and he na u e o such e e ences. In-dep h in e iews
we e conduc ed wi h jou nal edi o s o unde s and hei pe spec i es on he use o AI in
esea ch, o unco e any s a egies no explici ly s a ed in hei policy and e hical guidelines,
and o explo e he challenges hey encoun e in egula ing AI. The popula ion o his s udy
consis s o all jou nals o communica ion and media s udies published by uni e si ies and
p o essional bodies in Nige ia, along wi h hei edi o s. Howe e , a pu posi e sample o en
jou nals and i e edi o s was selec ed based on hei online p esence. The accessible jou nals
a e lis ed below.
Jou nal o Educa ion, Communica ion, and Digi al Humani ies -Vol.2, No.1, Sep . 2025
pg. 137
Table 1: Lis o selec ed Jou nals In es iga ed
S/N
Name o Jou nal
Publishe / Add ess
1
In e na ional Jou nal o Communica ion
Depa men o Mass Communica ion,
Uni e si y o Nige ia, Nsukka
2
Co enan Jou nal o Communica ion
(CJOC)
Depa men o Mass Communica ion,
Co enan Uni e si y, O a, Nige ia
3
IMSU Jou nal o Communica ion S udies
Depa men o Mass Communica ion, Imo
S a e Uni e si y, Owe i, Nige ia
4
Nassa awa S a e Jou nal o
Communica ion and Media S udies
(NJOMACS)
Depa men o Mass Communica ion,
Nasa awa S a e Uni e si y, Ke i
5
Ta aba S a e Uni e si y Jou nal o
Communica ion and Media S udies
(TSUJCM)
Depa men o Mass Communica ion, Ta aba
S a e Uni e si y, Jalingo
6
Nige ian Jou nal o Communica ion (NJC)
A ican Council o Communica ion
Educa ion (ACCE), Nige ia Chap e
7
Babcock Jou nal o Mass Communica ion
(BJMC)
Depa men o Mass Communica ion,
Babcock Uni e si y, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun
S a e
8
NTA c Jou nal o Communica ion
Nige ian Tele ision Au ho i y – Tele ision
College (NTA c), Jos
9
Nnamdi Azikiwe Uni e si y Jou nal o
Communica ion and Media S udies
Depa men o Mass Communica ion,
Nnamdi Azikiwe Uni e si y, Awka
10
Jou nal o Communica ion and Media
S udies (JCMR)
Associa ion o Media and Communica ion
Resea che s o Nige ia (AMCRON)
Sou ce: Au hou s’ Compila ion
Da a collec ed om he documen e iew (publishing policies) and in-dep h in e iews we e
analysed using induc i e hema ic analysis, a me hod widely employed in quali a i e esea ch
o iden i ying, analysing, and epo ing pa e ns ( hemes) wi hin da a (B aun & Cla ke, 2006).
This app oach was chosen because i p o ides a lexible and obus esea ch ool ha enables
a ich and de ailed accoun o he da a ega ding he phenomenon unde in es iga ion. I u he
allows esea che s o iden i y ecu ing hemes o meaning wi hin he da ase .
Da a P esen a ion
The da a ob ained om he in e iews and he e iew o he edi o ial and publishing policies
o selec ed Nige ian communica ion jou nals we e analysed and p esen ed hema ically.
Ve ba im quo a ions om esponden s we e included o ein o ce poin s and o p o ide
e idence ha di ec ly add essed each esea ch ques ion.
Jou nal o Educa ion, Communica ion, and Digi al Humani ies -Vol.2, No.1, Sep . 2025
pg. 138
RQ 1: To wha ex en do Nige ian communica ion jou nals inco po a e e hical guidelines
on he use o Gene a i e AI in manusc ip submissions?
The i s goal o he s udy is o de e mine he ex en he jou nals inco po a e e hical guidelines
ega ding he issue o Gene a i e AI in hei edi o ial and publishing policies. Based on he
esul o he analysis we ound mos Nige ian communica ion jou nals do no ha e any di ec
e hical guidelines o policy o managing he use o AI. Ou o he en jou nals in es iga ed
only one TSU Jou nal o Communica ion and Media S udies (TSUJCMS) has in oduced
guidelines ega ding he use o AI. Acco ding o I em 2 in he upda ed TSUJCMS Guidelines
o con ibu o ’s s a es, “All submissions will unde go plagia ism and AI de ec ion es s.
A icles exceeding 15% plagia ism o 15% AI-gene a ed con en will be ejec ed”. I em 3
p o ide mo e de ail in o ma ion ega ding AI use. I s a es hus:
Au ho s mus disclose any use o AI ools in hei submissions, ensu ing such
con ibu ions do no exceed 15%. The use o AI o gene a e en i e a icles,
esea ch ideas, o da a wi hou signi ican human o e sigh is s ic ly p ohibi ed.
Au ho s emain ully accoun able o he in eg i y, o iginali y, and alidi y o
hei wo k. Non-compliance wi h his policy will esul in a public ban om he
jou nal (h ps://www. sujcms.o g).
Mos o he jou nals unde sco ed he impo ance o o iginali y in hei policies and publishing
guidelines wi hou men ioning any hing abou he use o AI, a he plagia ism. Fo ins ance
he Babcock Jou nal o Mass Communica ion (BJMC) publishing policy and guidelines
says,“BJMC akes academic in eg i y e y se iously, a icles ha e u n abo e 15% simila i y
index on he Tu ni in an i-plagia ism so wa e would be ejec ed”
h ps://jou nal.babcock.edu.ng/j/bjmc. In he same ligh , he publishing Guidelines o IMSU
Jou nal o Communica ion S udies, s a es as ollows:
...IMSU Jou nal o Communica ion S udies is commi ed o main aining high
s anda ds wi h s ic e hical policies. Any in ingemen s o p o essional e hical
codes, such as plagia ism, audulen use o da a, o alse claims o au ho ship,
a e s ic ly o bidden. All a icles o submission mus be o iginal o he au ho (s)
and ee om plagia ism (h ps://www.imsujcs.com/policies.h ml).
Simila ly, he Nasa awa Jou nal o Mul imedia and Communica ion S udies (NJOMACS) in
i s Plagia ism Policy s a es ha :
NJOMACS is commi ed o main aining high s anda ds h ough an in-dep h
pee - e iew p ocess wi h sound e hical policies. Any in ingemen s o
p o essional e hical codes, such as plagia ism; including sel -plagia ism,
audulen use o da a, a e se iously owned a by he jou nal wi h ze o
ole ance. h ps://www.njomacs.com/policies
In he same ein, i em 10 numbe in he au ho ’s guideline o he Nige ia Jou nal o
Communica ion (TNJC) s a es: “Manusc ip s submi ed o he TNJC shall be subjec ed o
plagia ism check and only hose ha mee he accep able h eshold shall be published”
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