Cospa ial Ice Mapping o H2O wi h
CO2and CO Ac oss a Molecula Cloud
wi h JWST/NIRCam WFSS
D . Zak Luka Smi h
Na u e As on. (Accep ed and hope ully ou in he coming days!)
Z. L. Smi h, H. J. Dickinson, H. J. F ase ,
M. K. McClu e, J. A. Noble, A. C. A. Booge
and he IceAge ERS eam
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE
Con e ence Open Ques ion:
How much o molecula con en in
p e-s ella + p o os ella sys ems is
ep ocessed o main ained in
subsequen s ages?
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 1
S udying In e s ella Ices a =0
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025
Image c edi K. Peek
Image c edi : Booge e al. 2015
Densi y domina ed “Radia ion” domina ed
ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 2
H2O- ich CO- ich CH3OH Phase Dis illa ion Seg ega ion Ene ge ic Phase
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 3
•H2O, CO2 and CO make up >90% o ice
ma e ial in ea ly s ages
•CO2 o ma ion in ei he H2O- o CO-
ich ices
•Basis om which COMs a e o med
•Va ia ions ela i e o each o he a ec
u u e possible chemis y
S udying In e s ella Ices a =0
H2O- ich CO- ich CH3OH phase
Ice Mapping Technique
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025
NIRCam Spec al Range
ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 4
McClu e e al. 2023 (Figu e 1)
P e-JWST Mapping
•100s o sou ces wi h indi idual ice
de ec ions ac oss mul iple SF s ages
•I you wan =0 ices, mus measu e
backg ound s a s in clouds
•Bu only 23 BG s a s ha e all H2O,
CO2 and CO ices measu ed
•Maximum 5 sou ces pe cloud
•La ge samples in he same molecula
cloud a e needed
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 5
Noble e al. (2017)
Pon oppidan e al. (2004)
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025
Class 0
Class I
BG S a s
Chameleon I Cloud
Image C edi : NASA/ESA/
F. Sun/Z. Smi h/IceAge Team
ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 6
Chameleon I Cloud
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025
Class 0
Class I
BG S a s
Image C edi : NASA/ESA/
F. Sun/Z. Smi h/IceAge Team
ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 7
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 8
CO Ice Map
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 15
Co ela ion Plo s
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 16
H2OCO2CO
Co ela ion Plo s
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 17
Non-linea i ies a high column densi ies!
H2OCO2CO
(44 sou ces)
(23 sou ces)
Rela i e Ice Ra ios
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 18
Rela i e Ice Ra ios
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 19
(44 sou ces)
(23 sou ces)
O e all highe pe cen ages
Rela i e Ice Ra ios
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 20
(44 sou ces)
(23 sou ces)
O e all highe pe cen ages
Inc eased CO2 p oduc ion in CO- ich ice
Rela i e To al Ice Ra ios
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 21
High o al
ice column
Low o al
ice column
Cha I
Rela i e To al Ice Ra ios
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 22
High o al
ice column
Low o al
ice column
Cha I
Rela i e To al Ice Ra ios
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 23
High o al
ice column
Low o al
ice column
Cha I
? ? ?
Rela i e To al Ice Ra ios
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 24
High o al
ice column
Low o al
ice column
Cha I
Lowe densi y
egions o Cha I?
NIRCam - Smi h e al. 2025 (accep ed)
NIRSpec - McClu e e al. 2023 (Smi h Co-au ho )
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025
Species
Column
Densi y (N)
NIR38:
NIRCam
WFSS (
×1018
)
NIR38:
NIRSpec FS
(×1018)
N(H2O)
7.
80 7.75
7.85 6.88 3.70
12.5
N(CO2)1.33 1.30
1.36 1.38 0.77
1.97
N(CO) 2.83 2.75
2.91 2.96 1.86
4.66
Ou alues compa ed wi h McClu e 2023
ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 31
NIRCam Dispe sion
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025
A
2.4μm 5μm
F322W2 F444W
3.95μm
F322W2 C
B
F322W2 R
F444W R
A B F444W C
A B
A B
ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 32
Spec al Con usion Issue
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025
Module A
G ism R
Module A
G ism C
N
N
ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 33
How did we obse e Cha I wi h JWST?
L + M Band Fil e s
2 Dispe sion Di ec ions
2 isi s
3 di he s
4 sub-pixel di he s
192 Dispe sed Images
Up o 96 images pe
sou ce pe il e
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 34
How did we obse e Cha I wi h JWST?
F322W2 il e
(2.4-4μm)
F444W il e
(3.95-5μm)
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 35
Dangling OH
C edi : Noble e al. 2024
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 36
Sca e ing E ec s in Clouds now!
C edi : Da ois e al. 2024
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 37
ED model i ing 2024
Tuesday, Sep embe 2, 2025 ESO: Towa ds New F on ie s – Ga ching, DE 38
