The chemis y o p o oplane a y
disks
CNAP Assis an As onome a IPAG / IRAM / UGA
[C edi : Pa Rawlings / NASA]
Romane Le Gal
Romane.Le-Gal [a ] uni -g enoble-alpes.
1. Why s udying p o oplane a y disk chemis y? !
=> Wha o ? How?"
2. Can we p obe he chemis y a plane - o ming scales?!
=> Which acili ies o use? A e he e speci ic ace s?"
3. How o disen angle be ween chemical inhe i ance &
chemical ep ocessing in p o oplane a y disks? !
=> Can we de ec signs o inhe i ance om ea lie s ages?
Ou line
1. Why s udying p o oplane a y disk chemis y? !
=> Wha o ? How?"
2. Can we p obe he chemis y a plane - o ming scales?!
=> Which acili ies o use? A e he e speci ic ace s?"
3. How o disen angle be ween chemical inhe i ance &
chemical ep ocessing in p o oplane a y disks? !
=> Can we de ec signs o inhe i ance om ea lie s ages?
Ou line
Mos s a s hos s his own plane a y sys em
[C edi : M. Ko nmesse/ESO]
Plane bes ia y
[C edi : M. Va gic]
Plane a y sys em
Molecula cloud
P o os a
P o oplane a y disk
P o oplane a y disks
~0.5-3 My
~0.1My
~3-10My
> 10 My
[C edi : Bill Sax on NSF/AUI/NRAO]
•Pi o al s age in e olu ion om
in e s ella molecula clouds o
plane a y sys ems.
P o oplane a y disks
[C edi : Bill Sax on NSF/AUI/NRAO]
~0.5-3 My
~0.1My
~3-10My
> 10 My
Plane a y sys em
Molecula cloud
P o os a
P o oplane a y disk
•Pi o al s age in e olu ion om
in e s ella molecula clouds o
plane a y sys ems.
•How does hei chemical
composi ions and s uc u es
in luence he u u e
composi ions o o ming
plane s?
Chemis y in p o oplane a y disks
• Fo ma ion, exci a ion &
des uc ion o molecules ?
•Pi o al s age in e olu ion om
in e s ella molecula clouds o
plane a y sys ems.
•How does hei chemical
composi ions and s uc u es
in luence he u u e
composi ions o o ming
plane s?
[C edi : Bill Sax on NSF/AUI/NRAO]
~0.5-3 My
~0.1My
~3-10My
> 10 My
Plane a y sys em
Molecula cloud
P o os a
P o oplane a y disk
• Fo ma ion, exci a ion &
des uc ion o molecules ?
• A e molecules p ese ed
om hei ini ial o ma ion
in molecula clouds?
• A e molecules p ese ed
om hei ini ial o ma ion
in molecula clouds?
[C edi : Bill Sax on NSF/AUI/NRAO]
~0.5-3 My
~0.1My
~3-10My
> 10 My
Chemis y in p o oplane a y disks
Plane a y sys em
Molecula cloud
P o os a
P o oplane a y disk
•Pi o al s age in e olu ion om
in e s ella molecula clouds o
plane a y sys ems.
•How does hei chemical
composi ions and s uc u es
in luence he u u e
composi ions o o ming
plane s?
HS+
NS
SO
SO2
HCS+
CS
HSCN
C3S
C2S
OCS
HS
SO+
CS+
S+
S
HNCSH+
H2CS+
HCS
HSO2+
S
H3+
O, OH
C+, H+
OH, O2
C2
H
C, C+
HO
O
CH2
C+
H3+, HCO+,!
H3O+
C, C+
H+
CH3+
H2O
N
CH3
H
H
H
H
N
He+
H2
H2CS
C, N, O
O, C, S
C
H2S
NS+
N
N
NH
HO
C
C+
C, C+
H+
C+
O
CO
He+
H3+, !
HCO+,!
H3O+
C
N
H2S+
H2
H,O
HNC
S
H3CS+
H3+, HCO+
CH2
S
C+
C+
C2H
C+
H3+, HCO+,
H3O+
O
C+ C
NH
C+, H+
C+
N
*
*
*
*
*
*
HC3S+
HC2S+
solid s a e eac ions
gas-phase eac ions
elec onic ecombina ions
*
p es ella co e (L1544)
PDR (Ho sehead)
p o os ella en elope!
(IRAS16293-2422)
In e media e species
Schema ic “simpli ied” iew o he
ISM sul u chemical ne wo k
Adap ed om: Vas el, Quéna d, Le Gal e al. 2018, MNRAS, 478, 5514
[Vas el, Quéna d, Le Gal+ 2018]
[D ozdo skaya+ 2018]
[Ri iè e-Ma ichala , …,!
Le Gal+ 2019]
Physical p ope ies o
he modeled sou ce
(Tgaz , n, AV , ζ, G0 , ...)"
0D / 1D / 2D
Physical p ope ies o
in e s ella dus !
(Tdus , , …)
Physical p ope ies o
molecules !
(m, Ebinding, ...)
Code
Chemical
ne wo k"
(pu e gas phase,
gas/g ains, g ains)
Chemical
composi ion
(elemen al &
ini ial)
Chemical species abundances
as unc ion o ime
As ochemical modeling
P o o-plane a y disk s uc u e
Henning & Semeno , Chemical Re iews, 113, 9016, 2013
P o o-plane a y disk s uc u e
Henning & Semeno , Chemical Re iews, 113, 9016, 2013
Cold mid-plane
Pho on-domina ed laye
Lukewa m molecula laye
P o o-plane a y disk s uc u e
P o o-plane a y disk s uc u e
Pho on-domina ed laye
Lukewa m molecula laye
Cold mid-plane
P o o-plane a y disk s uc u e
Pho on-domina ed laye
Lukewa m molecula laye
Le Gal e al. 2019a, ApJ, 876, 72
Cold mid-plane
Disk chemis y modelling esul s
ALMA obse a ion o CS
gap
Unde s anding o he obse ed abundance & spa ial s uc u e
o he mos accessible sul u molecule in disks.
Models e sus Obse a ions: CS case
Modeling esul s
Fi s H2CS de ec ion in disks
[Le Gal e al. 2019a, ApJ, 876, 72]
• Obse a ions o 3 ansi ions o H2CS:
➡ de ec ed in MWC 480
➡ en a i ely de ec ed in LkCa15
•H2CS/CS 2/3 >> H2S/CS 1/20
➡ pa o he S- ese oi in disks is in o ganic o m
(i.e. CxHySz)
≈
≈
Molecules wi h ALMA a Plane - o ming Scales
Team: 5 co-PIs: K. Öbe g,"Y. Aikawa,"E. Be gin, V. Guzmán,C. Walsh + 39 co-Is!"
h p://alma-maps.in o
Zoom in on i e o he b igh es lines
in one single disk: HD 163296
[ Öbe g & MAPS collabo a ion,
ApJS, 2021, 257, 1]
Va ie y o emission mo phologies and adial
in ensi y p o iles o a single line: HCN 3-2
[ Öbe g & MAPS collabo a ion,
ApJS, 2021, 257, 1]
Molecules wi h ALMA a Plane - o ming Scales
[ Öbe g & MAPS collabo a ion,
ApJS, 2021, 257, 1]
•5 discs wi h signs o on-
going plane o ma ion"
•4 spec al se ings
ac oss B3 & B6 "
•20 species including CS
h p://alma-maps.in o
[ Le Gal e al. 2019, ApJ, 876, 72 ]
Disk-in eg a ed column densi ies
MAPS disks
[ Le Gal & MAPS collabo a ion, 2021, ApJS, 257, 12]
[ Le Gal e al. 2019, ApJ, 876, 72 ]
CS column densi y is a he la in disks.
Disk-in eg a ed column densi ies
MAPS disks
[ Le Gal & MAPS collabo a ion, 2021, ApJS, 257, 12]
Disk chemis y modeling esul s
=> CS/SO a io is a p omising p obe
o he C/O a io in disks
[Be gin e al. 1997, Semeno e al. 2018]
Modeling esul s s obse a ions in MWC 480
[ Le Gal & MAPS collabo a ion, 2021, ApJS, 257, 12]
Disk chemis y modeling esul s
CH3CN
Column densi y (cm-2)
Radius (au)
Modeling esul s s obse a ions in MWC 480
[Le Gal e al. 2019b, ApJ, 876, 86]
=> CS/SO a io is a p omising p obe
o he C/O a io in disks
[Be gin e al. 1997, Semeno e al. 2018]
[ Le Gal & MAPS collabo a ion, 2021, ApJS, 257, 12]
CS/SO p obe o he C/O elemen al a io
Modeling esul s s obse a ions in MWC 480
CS/SO obse ed in all i e MAPS disks
C/O a io 1 in mos disks o ou sample
=> Wha does his elling us?
≳
[ Le Gal & MAPS collabo a ion, 2021, ApJS, 257, 12]
Why p obing he C/O a io?
[Be gin & Clee es 2018]
[Öbe g & Be gin 2021]
1. Why s udying p o oplane a y disk chemis y? !
=> Wha o ? How?"
2. P obing he chemis y a plane - o ming scales !
=> High angula esolu ion obse a ions in disks"
3. Disen angling be ween chemical inhe i ance & chemical
ep ocessing in p o oplane a y disks: !
=> Obse a ions o ea lie e olu iona y s age
Ou line
1. Why s udying p o oplane a y disk chemis y? !
=> Wha o ? How?"
2. Can we p obe he chemis y a plane - o ming scales?!
=> Which acili ies o use? A e he e speci ic ace s?"
3. How o disen angle be ween chemical inhe i ance &
chemical ep ocessing in p o oplane a y disks? !
=> Can we de ec signs o inhe i ance om ea lie s ages?
Chemical explo a ion o Class I YSOs
[Adap ed om: Bill Sax on NSF/AUI/NRAO]
• Se e al spec al su eys
p obed he chemis y o :
(1) he ea lies s ages o
s a o ma ion:
‣TIMASSS (Caux+2011),
‣PILS (Jo gensen+2016),
‣ASAI (Le loch+2018),
‣SOLIS (Cecca elli+2017),
‣FAUST (Codella+2021)
(2) and o la e plane -
o ming disks:
‣DISCS (Öbe g+2010, 2011),
‣CID (Guillo eau+2016),
‣ALMA-MAPS (Öbe g+2021)
(ALMA Pa ne ship 2015)
HL Tau (Class I disk)
Segu a-cox+2020 (Na u e)
IRS 63 (Class I disk)
Chemical explo a ion o Class I YSOs
[Adap ed om: Bill Sax on NSF/AUI/NRAO]
[Le Gal, Öbe g, Huang, Law, Ména d, Le loch, Vas el, Lopez-Sepulc e, Fa e, Bianchi, Cecca elli e al. 2020, ApJ, 898,131]
The CHEMYSO su ey [PI: Le Gal, 140 h / IRAM, 17 co-Is]
• Se e al spec al su eys
p obed he chemis y o :
(1) he ea lies s ages o
s a o ma ion:
‣TIMASSS (Caux+2011),
‣PILS (Jo gensen+2016),
‣ASAI (Le loch+2018),
‣SOLIS (Cecca elli+2017),
‣FAUST (Codella+2021)
(2) and o la e plane -
o ming disks:
‣DISCS (Öbe g+2010, 2011),
‣CID (Guillo eau+2016),
‣ALMA-MAPS (Öbe g+2021)
• Highly deu e a ed gas, bu opaci y e ec s a e obse ed o he b igh es lines
• N2D+ & 13C iso opologues a e op ically hin => p e y cons an D/H a io
• ~ cons an D/H a io => simila he mal his o ies o he mal s uc u es?
[Huang& Öbe g 2015;!
Salinas e al. 2017]
[Huang+2017] [Huang+2017]
[Le Gal e al. 2020, ApJ, 898, 131]
Class II
Class II
Class II
Common diagnos ics o chemical
inhe i ance: D/H ace s
•HCN/HC15N: span in e olu iona y s age i he iso opic a io is inhe i ed!
o span in physical p ope ies o ou sample, i he a io is ese in si u
•CN/HCN: highes in I-04365, second mos luminous sou ce o ou sample
[Guzman+2017]
[Hily-Blan +2019]
[Magalhaes+2018]
The UV- ield s eng h:
a majo chemical ep ocessing agen ?
[Le Gal e al. 2020, ApJ, 898, 131]
❖Class I YSOs a e molecule- ich! (a leas ou o 7 sou ce sample…, Le Gal e al. 2020):
‣30 small (Na oms 3) molecules de ec ed: C, N, O, and S ca ie s (e.g. small cyanides, hyd oca bons,
e c.) and a ie y o D,13C, 15N, 18O, 17O and 34S iso opologues
‣O he o ganics (Na oms 3) & COMs: H2CO, C3H2, CH3OH, HC3N, CH3CHO, e c.
❖S a is ical analysis: ace s o (i) dense cold gas, (i) shocked gas & dense ionized gas
❖In e e ome ic obse a ions needed o dis inguish be ween en elope & disk
chemis y => NOEMA da a (Tanious, Le Gal e al. 2024, A&A)!
!
!
❖Fu u e plans: Ex en he sou ce sample & inc ease he s a is ics and demog aphy !
≤
>
PHD o M. Tanious
Fi s esul s o he CHEMYSO su ey
F om cloud o p o os ella sys em
F om cloud o p o oplane a y disk
in p ep
➢Wi h he high spec al and spa ial esolu ion o he las gene a ion o elescopes (e.g.
ALMA and now NOEMA!) we can now s udy in de ails he chemical composi ions
and s uc u es o plane - o ming disks:
✦Mapping ou he e ical and adial dis ibu ions o he molecula gas, e.g. wi h CS, he
mos eadily obse ed S-bea ing molecule in disks
✦H2CS/CS ~ 2/3 => S- ese oi in disks could be mo e o ganic han hough !
✦Sea ch o new species in disks p edic ed by models & obs. in as ophysical objec s."
✦Syne gy wi h JWST (GTO & GO p og ams) o p obe he icy and wa m gas disk composi ion!
➢As ochemical modelling needed o in e p e obse a ions (chemical his o y &
as ophysical p obes)"
✦CS/SO is a p omising p obe o he elemen al C/O a io
✦C/O 0.9 in he MWC 480 disk, in ag eemen wi h ni iles obse a ions (Le Gal e al. 2019b)
& wi h independen disk model based on CO and C2H obse a ions (MAPS coll.)"
✦S/H a io in be ween he highly deple ed alue o dense molecula co e and he Sola alue
=> pa o he sul u is eleased om molecula cloud o p o oplane a y disk s ages (?)"
➢Iden i y wha chemical abundances can be expec ed on nascen plane s
≠
≳
Summa y and pe spec i es
Backup slides
