308
In e na ional Jou nal o Ad ance and Applied Resea ch
www.ijaa .co.in
ISSN – 2347-7075
Impac Fac o – 8.141
Pee Re iewed
Bi-Mon hly
Vol. 6 No. 38
Sep embe - Oc obe - 2025
Implemen a ion o Machine Lea ning Classi ica ion Technique o De ec ing
he The mo-mechanical P ope ies o Chalogenide Glass Da ase s
M s. Swa i Mule
D . D Y Pa il A s, Comme ce and Science College Aku di, Pune-44
Co esponding Au ho –M s. Swa i Mule
DOI - 10.5281/zenodo.17315909
Abs ac :
Chalcogenide glasses a e based on he chalcogen elemen s S, Se, and Te. These glasses a e
o med by he addi ion o o he elemen s such as Ge, As, Sb, Ga, e c. These glasses a e low-phonon-
ene gy ma e ials and a e gene ally anspa en om he isible up o in a ed. Chalcogenide glasses
can be doped by a e-ea h elemen s, such as E , Nd, P , e c., and hence nume ous applica ions o
ac i e op ical de ices ha e been p oposed. These glasses a e op ically highly non-linea and could
he e o e be use ul o all-op ical swi ching. Chalcogenide glasses a e sensi i e o he abso p ion o
elec omagne ic adia ion and show a a ie y o pho oinduced e ec s as a esul o illumina ion. The
p oposed pape p esen s an a i icial in elligence app oach in de e mining he he mo-mechanical
p ope ies o Chalogenide glass da ase s. K-Nea es Neighbo (KNN) machine lea ning classi ica ion
echnique is used o he p edic ion pu pose. The RMSE o alues 13.88 and R2 Sco e is p edic ed as
0.81.
Keywo ds: KNN Classi ica ion, RMSE, Chalogenide Glass, Machine Lea ning, Pho on-Ene gy
Ma e ial
In oduc ion:
Chalcogenides, despi e hei e sa ile
unc ionali y, sha e a no ably simila local
s uc u e in hei amo phous s a es.
Pa icula ly in elec onic phase-change
memo y applica ions, dis inguishing hese
glasses om neighbo ing composi ions ha do
no possess memo y capabili ies is inhe en ly
di icul when employing adi ional analy ical
me hods. This has led o a dilemma in
ma e ials design since an a omis ic iew o he
a angemen in he amo phous s a e is he key
o unde s anding and op imizing he
unc ionali y o hese glasses [3][4].
To ackle his challenge, we p esen a
machine lea ning (ML) app oach o sepa a e
elec onic phase-change ma e ials (ePCMs)
om o he chalcogenides, based upon sub le
di e ences in he sho - ange o de inside he
glassy phase [1][2]. Le e aging he es ablished
s uc u e–p ope y ela ions in chalcogenide
glasses, we selec sui able ea u es o ain
accu a e machine lea ning models, e en wi h a
modes ly sized da ase [5].
The ained model accu a ely disce ns
he c i ical ansi ion poin be ween glass
composi ions sui able o use as ePCMs and
hose ha a e no , pa icula ly o bo h GeTe–
GeSe and Sb2Te3–Sb2Se3 ma e ials, in line
wi h expe imen s [12-14].
P ope ies o Chalogenide Glasses:
● In a ed T ansmission: Unlike oxide
glasses, chalcogenide glasses a e
anspa en o e a wide ange, including
mid- and a -in a ed wa eleng hs (800
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 38 ISSN – 2347-7075
M s. Swa i Mule
309
nm o 16 µm o mo e), making hem ideal
o IR imaging, sensing and
communica ion [6].
● Nonlinea i y: They possess high op ical
nonlinea coe icien s, which allows o
applica ions in all-op ical swi ching.
● Semiconduc i i y & Pho osensi i i y:
Thei small band gaps lead o
semiconduc ing p ope ies and a
sensi i i y o elec omagne ic adia ion,
enabling a ious pho o-induced e ec s
used in op ical de ices like di ac i e
s uc u es and wa eguides [7].
● Chemical S abili y: They a e chemically
s able and esis an o wa e and acids,
ensu ing du abili y in ha sh en i onmen al
condi ions.
● The mal P ope ies: They ha e low
phonon ene gies and low empe a u e
coe icien s o e ac i e index, which
means hey main ain hei ocal leng h
be e o e empe a u e changes compa ed
o ma e ials like ge manium [8].
● Visco-Plas ici y: Chalcogenide glasses can
be easily shaped in o complex o ms like
lenses and ibe s a ela i ely low
empe a u es, jus abo e hei glass
ansi ion empe a u e.
Me hodology:
The p oposed implemen a ion consis s
o implemen ing a KNN machine lea ning
algo i hm. A syn he ic Chalogenide glass
da ase is used o p edic he mo-mechanical
p ope ies o he gi en da ase using KNN. he
p ocess is as ollow:
● Da ase P epa a ion: Glass composi ion
a ios (e.g., %Ge, %As, %Se, %Sb).
Wi h o he desc ip o s such as densi y,
mola olume, a omic mass a e ages, e c.
Ou pu a ge s:The mo-mechanical
p ope ies
● P ep ocessing s age: No malize o
s anda dize inpu ea u es
● KNN Model Implemen a ion
● T aining & Valida ion: Spli da ase in o
ain and es o use k- old c oss- alida ion
● E alua e wi h me ics like RMSE o
eg ession asks
Resul s:
Fig. 1 P edic ion and Dis ibu ion e o obse ed o gi en Chalogenide glass da ase
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 38 ISSN – 2347-7075
M s. Swa i Mule
310
Fig. 2 KNN Classi ica ion analysis o p edic ed and obse ed alues
Conclusion:
The p oposed implemen a ion o KNN
classi ica ion echnique o p edic he he mo-
mechanical p ope ies o chalogenide glass
da ase s has been s udied. Fo he
implemen a ion pu pose syn he ic chalogenide
da ase is used and esul s a e gene a ed. I is
ound ha he KNN models wo ks sa is ac o y
o e alua e he he mo-mechanical p ope ies
as he R2 sco e ob ained as 0.81 which shows
he e o s in p edic ing he p ope y alues a e
less.
Acknowledgmen :
I would like o exp ess my g a i ude o
D . Mohan Waman P incipal, D . D Y Pa il
A s, Comme ce and Science College Aku di
Pune o aluable guidance.
Re e ences:
1. Yunlai Zha, Maike Waldmann, and C aig
B. A nold; “A e iew on solu ion
p ocessing o chalcogenide glasses o
op ical componen s”; Vol. 3, Issue 9, pp.
1259-1272, 2013
2. Singh, P. K. and Dwi edi, D. K;
“Chalcogenide glass: Fab ica ion
echniques, p ope ies and applica ions”;
Fe oelec ics, 520(1), 256–273; 2017
3. Sayam Singla, Sajid Mannan;
“Accele a ed design o chalcogenide
glasses h ough in e p e able machine
lea ning o composi ion–p ope y
ela ionships”; J. Phys. Ma e ., 2023
4. Beki Ka asu, Ali Ozan Yana ; “
Chalcogenide Glasses”; El-Ceze î Jou nal
o Science and Enginee ing Volume: 6,
No: 3, 2019
5. Sonam T ipa hi, B ijesh Kuma ;
“Chalcogenide Glasses: Thin Film
Deposi ion Techniques and Applica ions
in he Field o Elec onics”; IEEE 2018
6. Tama a Pe ko a, Vania Ilche a, P. Ilche ,
P. Pe ko ; “Ge-Chalcogenide Glasses –
P ope ies and Applica ion as Op ical
Ma e ial”; Key Enginee ing Ma e ials,
Volume 538, Janua y 2013
7. D. Lezal , J. Pedliko a, J. Za adil;
“Chalcogenide Glasses o Op ical and
Pho onics Applica ions”; Chalcogenide
Le e s Vol. 1, No. 1, Janua y 2004
8. M. Ha iha an, R.D. Ei hi aj; “Machine
lea ning model used o p edic DFT-
compu ed he moelec ic pa ame e s o
chalcogenide halides CuHgSCl and
CuHgSI”; Else ie , Volume 43, 31
Janua y 2025
9. Qundao Xu, Meng Xu, e .al.; “Enhancing
elemen al phase-change chalcogenide
glass h ough ailo ed alloying”, Ac a
Ma e ialia, Else ie , Volume 289, 1 May
2025
10. Qundao Xu, Meng Xu, Siqi Tang, Shaojie
Yuan; “Machine lea ning o
IJAAR Vol. 6 No. 38 ISSN – 2347-7075
M s. Swa i Mule
311
disc imina ion o phase-change
chalcogenide glasses”, Willy; 4 Feb ua y
2025
11. Saulo Ma iello Mas elini , Daniel R.
Cassa ; “Machine lea ning un eils
composi ion-p ope y ela ionships in
chalcogenide glasses”; Else ie , Ac a
Ma e ialia, Volume 240, No embe 2022
12. Rola Houhou, Thomas Bockli z; “T ends
in a i icial in elligence, machine
lea ning, and chemome ics applied o
chemical da a”; Volume2, Issue3-4,
Recen Ad ances in Analy ical Sciences,
Ap il 2021
13. Mohammad Yazdani-As ami, Ali eza
Sadeghi, Wenjuan Song; “A i icial
in elligence me hods o applied
supe conduc i i y: ma e ial, design,
manu ac u ing, es ing, ope a ion and
condi ion moni o ing”, 14 Oc obe 2022
14. Rola Houhou, Thomas Bockli z; “T ends
in a i icial in elligence, machine
lea ning, and chemome ics applied o
chemical da a”; Anal Sci Ad . 2021
