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The analysis inancial easibili y o Pempek “a Sa ou y ishcake delicacy” om
Palembang Ci y, Sou h Suma a, Indonesia
Muhammad A bi *
Depa emen o Ag ibusiness, Facul y o Ag icul u e, Uni e si y o S iwijaya, Palembang, Sou h Suma a, Indonesia.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 1897-1904
Publica ion his o y: Recei ed on 04 Ap il 2025; e ised on 10 May 2025; accep ed on 12 May 2025
A icle DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.30574/wja .2025.26.2.1855
Abs ac
This s udy aims o examine wo main a eas o esea ch: (1) To ind ou he p oduc ion p ocess o black pempek ( i e
ish) businesses in Palembang Ci y, and (2) To analyze he inancial easibili y o black pempek ood businesses in
Palembang Ci y based on NPV, IRR, B/C a io and Ne B/C, using a case s udy me hod. Da a collec ion was ca ied ou
using di ec in e iew echniques wi h i e ish pempek business ac o s and acing da a on he Ri e Fish Pempek
Indus y including: in es men cos s, ope a ional cos s, p oduc ion olume, labo cos s, income, p oduc selling p ices,
and o he s. Da a analysis was ca ied ou desc ip i ely analy ically, o he i s pu pose using he p oduc ion,
dep ecia ion, and income o mula app oaches and hen calcula ing he BC a io, NPV, and IRR. Meanwhile, o answe
he second pu pose using he ma ke ing e iciency o mula app oach Npi = Hji x Jpi. The esul s o he s udy indica e
ha inancially he i e ish pempek business is easible o un whe e based on long- e m calcula ions o 5 yea s, he
NPV alue is Rp. 355,342,418.8, he IRR is 22%, and he G oss B/C is 1.33. The ma ke ing sys em and channels in he
Black Pempek Business can be said o be e icien , because he alue ob ained has a ma ke ing e iciency o less han 50
pe cen (Ep <50 pe cen ).
Keywo ds: Black Pempek; Channel and ma ke ing sys em; Financial easibili y; Ma ke ing E icency
1. In oduc ion
The de elopmen o he ood p ocessing indus y in Indonesia is s ongly suppo ed by na u al ag icul u al esou ces,
bo h plan and animal, which can c ea e a ious p ocessed p oduc s ha can be made and de eloped om local
esou ces [1]. Cu en ly, in se e al Asian coun ies, many ood p oduc s a e aken om local ood ypes and p ocessed
adi ionally. Wi h he de elopmen o hese local p oduc s, he numbe and ypes o ood p oduc s a e inc easing
(Soleh, 2003). Medium Indus y is pa o he na ional indus y which is cu en ly g owing apidly (BPS, 2015). The
de elopmen o medium indus y is aimed a inc easing communi y pa icipa ion and he abili y o he weak economic
g oup, s eng hening and equalizing employmen oppo uni ies and business oppo uni ies, inc easing o eign
exchange and suppo ing and expanding dynamic na ional s abili y in o de o s eng hen na ional esilience [2].
The de elopmen o Medium Indus y accompanied by implemen ing policy p og ams is an a ac i e po en ial choice
in he people's economic de elopmen p og am [3]. Based on da a on he po en ial and de elopmen o he indus ial
sec o o Sou h Suma a P o ince, i was eco ded ha he numbe o medium ood indus ies in 2012 was 48,997
business uni s wi h a wo k o ce o 3,262,023 people o medium businesses [4]. The le el o de elopmen o he
indus ial sec o is s ill ela i ely low, bu i mus be ealized ha he de elopmen o medium indus y is no only
impo an o a pa h owa ds equalizing de elopmen esul s, bu also as a basic elemen o he en i e indus ial
s uc u e ha wi h medium in es men can p oduce e ec i ely and can also abso b labo [5].
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 1897-1904
1898
The Go e nmen De elopmen P og am is di ec ed o encou age he c ea ion o a balanced and solid economic s uc u e
ha includes aspec s o economic change and communi y wel a e. One o he de elopmen p og ams is h ough he
empowe men p og am o mic o, small and medium en e p ises [6]. The de elopmen o MSMEs is highly expec ed o
acili a e he ongoing p ocess o business ac i i ies and can abso b a lo o labo and inc ease added alue [7]. The
indus ial business "Pempek" wi h sago and ish as he basic ing edien s is a ype o business ha can be classi ied as a
small o medium business because o i s dependence on capi al in inancing i s business. The in ended mic o, small and
medium en e p ises (MSMEs) aim o inc ease p o i s and he alue o he company (Abidin, 2008).
Feasibili y analysis is a axa ion me hod o a business idea abou he possibili y o whe he o no he business idea is
easible o be implemen ed [8]. The pu pose o conduc ing a easibili y s udy is o analyze a pa icula p ojec , bo h
p ojec s ha will be implemen ed, a e being implemen ed and ha e been comple ed o imp o emen and assessmen
o he implemen a ion o he p ojec [9]. The c i e ia o easibili y a e whe he he business is easible o no , such as
he capi al used, he a ea ha will be used in conduc ing he business, he commodi ies used and he quali y o he
commodi ies used [10]. Pempek is one o he ypical oods o he ci y o Palembang, Sou h Suma a. The aw ma e ials
o pempek a e sago and all ypes o esh ish ha can be p ocessed and made in o p oduc s. The aw ma e ials o
pempek ha a e gene ally used in business a e macke el [11].
Black Pempek Business is one o m o culina y pempek business by u ilizing i e ish ha a e usually no used o no
used in making pempek [12]. This Black Pempek is e y di e en om o he pempek businesses, because his pempek
business has di e en cha ac e is ics om he usual pempek. This Black Pempek also has se e al a ian s in choosing
he ype o ish o p ocessing, namely made om pu ak ish, snakehead ish, and belida ish. Ri e ish such as
snakehead a e less popula wi h people in he ci y o Palembang. In ac , his i e ish has many bene i s and nu ien s
ha a e e y unc ional o heal h. The Black Pempek Business in Palembang is one o he MSME Indus ies ha is no
widely known by he people o Palembang because Black Pempek uses mo e online media as i s ma ke ing channel.
The e o e, i is necessa y o conduc a inancial easibili y s udy o ind ou whe he his business can p o ide bene i s
o no and how much i cos s and o s udy he ma ke ing channels and sys ems by Black Pempek business ac o s. Based
on he desc ip ion o he backg ound abo e, he esea che is in e es ed in conduc ing esea ch ela ed o inancial
easibili y analysis and s udying he ma ke ing channels and sys ems o he Black Pempek business in Palembang ci y.
2. Ma e ial and me hods
This esea ch was conduc ed in Palembang Ci y. The loca ion o he esea ch was ca e ully selec ed by conside ing ha
he place and loca ion a e he la ges p ocessing cen e s o black pempek UMKM businesses in Palembang Ci y which
happen o be close o he cen e o i e ish ishe men. The me hod used in his s udy is a case s udy me hod. In his
s udy, he esea che conduc ed an in-dep h s udy o he case ha occu ed in he Black Pempek Business in Palembang
Ci y. Collec ing in o ma ion on a ious cos da a including: in es men cos s, ope a ional cos s, p oduc ion da a, p ice
da a, and o he s. The esea che also collec ed in o ma ion on ma ke ing sys ems and channels as well as ma ke ing
ins i u ions ha en ep eneu s use in he Black Pempek Business. To answe he i s objec i e, namely o ind ou he
p oduc ion p ocess o he black pempek business in Palembang Ci y, a di ec in e iew echnique was used wi h
en ep eneu s. Fu he mo e, be o e answe ing he second objec i e, calcula ions we e made on cos s and income and
hen a inancial analysis was ca ied ou which included he calcula ion o NPV, BC Ra io, IRR and Pay Back Pe iod.
Bene i Cos Ra io (B/C):
B/C = 𝑩𝒕 𝟏
(𝟏+𝒊)𝒕
𝑪𝒕 𝟏
(𝟏+𝒊)
Ne p esen alue (NPV):
NPV = ∑𝑩𝒕−𝑪𝒕
(𝟏+𝒊)𝒕
𝒏
𝒕=𝟎
In e nal Ra e o Re u n (IRR):
IRR= i+𝑵𝑷𝑽
𝑵𝑷𝑽′−𝑵𝑷𝑽 + (𝒊 + 𝒊′)
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 1897-1904
1899
Pay Back Pe iod (PBP)
PBP = 𝐈
𝐏𝐝𝐭
3. Resul s and discussion
3.1. P ocess o Making Black Pempek
This esea ch was conduc ed on he black pempek business ac o in Palembang Ci y, Sou h Suma a P o ince. The
a e age p oduc ion capaci y is 300,000 uni s pe mon h wi h p oduc ion ma e ials anging om 100-250 kg o apioca
lou . The p ocess o making black pempek can be explained as ollows:
3.1.1. P epa a ion o Tools and Ma e ials
P epa a ion o ing edien s is he ini ial s age ha mus be done in he p ocessing o Black Pempek. The ing edien s
needed in he p ocessing o Black Pempek a e all ypes o esh ish om i e ish, namely snakehead ish, pu ak ish
and belido ish, apioca lou , sal , wa e and o he la o ings. Fish is an addi ional ing edien in he p ocessing o Black
Pempek oods and he pu pose o adding ish is o inc ease nu i ional alue and o ge he dis inc i e as e o ish. Ri e
ish ha e a sou ce o p o ein, a , i amins and mine als. The a io o lou , ish will a ec he quali y o he Pempek
p oduced, so ha he Pempek se ed has a as e and colo ha is so a ac i e o consume s.
3.1.2. Making he Dough
The molding o he Black Pempek ood dough is in ended o ob ain a uni o m shape and size. Uni o mi y o size is
impo an o ob ain an e en appea ance and hea pene a ion so as o acili a e he ying p ocess and p oduce Black
Pempek wi h a uni o m colo . The o ma ion o dough wi h a ious ypes o Pempek such as long pempek, egs pempek,
adaan pempek and so on acco ding o consume desi es. The o ma ion o Black Pempek is done by hand.
3.1.3. S eaming Black Pempek
In he s eaming p ocess using a s eame o pan, he size o which is adjus ed o he amoun o dough o be s eamed. The
s eaming p ocess is in ended so ha he dough ha has been molded in o he desi ed shape is no damaged and s eamed
o 20 o 30 minu es un il he dough ises o he su ace so ha he Black Pempek is p oduced acco ding o he desi ed
colo .
3.1.4. Cooling P ocess
A e he s eaming p ocess is comple e, a cooling p ocess is ca ied ou so ha he Black Pempek becomes chewy and
eady o be se ed. Cooling will also acili a e he p ocess in he nex s age, namely ying, so ha he as e and quali y
o he Black Pempek a e e y popula wi h consume s. The cooling ime is app oxima ely one o wo hou s and is
assis ed by a gus o wind h ough he help o a an in a closed oom. Du ing he cooling p ocess, he Pempek should no
be exposed o di ec sunligh . This will cause he su ace o he p ospec i e Pempek o become ha d.
3.1.5. F ying and Packaging
A e ca ying ou he cooling s age, he nex is he inal s age o p ocessing, which is he ying p ocess. Black Pempek
ha has inished he ying s age, hen he nex s ep will be he packaging p ocess using acuum plas ic o ma ke ing
h ough social media o ou side he ci y o Palembang o in igu es who ecei e Black Pempek o be ma ke ed o
consume s o o e aile s.
3.2. Analysis o Cos s and Income o Black Pempek Business
3.2.1. Ope a ing Cos s
Ope a ional cos s a e cos s incu ed o each ime he p oduc ion p ocess is ca ied ou . Ope a ional cos s can usually
be in he o m o cos s o sales and adminis a ion o inc ease e enue, and a e no included in expenses ha ha e been
calcula ed in he cos o goods sold (COGS), o dep ecia ion ac o s. These ope a ional cos s a e also di ided in o wo
pa s, namely ixed cos s and a iable cos s which include all cos s o equipmen and p ocessing cos s up o he s age
o ma ke ing cos s, bo h di ec ma ke ing and h ough social media.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 1897-1904
1900
Table 1 Ope a ional Cos s o Black Pempek Business
No
Types o Raw Ma e ials
Cos (Rp/mon h)
1
Egs
825..000,00
2
Tapioca lou
27.000.000,00
3
Fish
90.000.000,00
4
Fla o ing
100.000,00
5
Sal
87.500,00
6
Gas
495.000,00
7
Labou
16.700.000,00
8
Elec ical
560.000,00
9
Wa e
225.000,00
10
Oil
5.250.000,00
11
Vinega
23.468.000,00
12
Plas ic Vacuum
0.,00
To al Cos
164.710.500,00
3.2.2. Ma e ials Cos
Equipmen cos s a e cos s incu ed o pu chase ools used in he p ocess o making Black Pempek which a e no
disposable and usually ha e dep ecia ion cos s. The o al cos o equipmen in he black pempek business can be de ailed
in he ollowing able:
Table 2 Ma e ials Cos pe Mon h
Type
Cos (Rp/mon h)
1
E alase
1.625.000,00
2
Pan
42.000,00
3
Recep acle
37.500,00
4
Scales
112.000,00
5
Wok
101.250,00
6
Deges e
170.000,00
7
Gas
120.000,00
To al Cos
2.207.750,00
3.2.3. To al Cos
The o al cos is he esul o adding up he o al ope a ional cos s and he o al equipmen cos s incu ed du ing a day
o once du ing he p oduc ion p ocess o p ocessing Black Pempek..
Table 3 To al Cos
No
Type
Cos (Rp/mon h)
1
Ope a ional Cos
164.710.500,00
2
Ma e ials Cos
2.207.750,00
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 1897-1904
1901
To al Cos
166.918.250,00
The la ges ope a ional cos s e e y day o e e y mon h such as pu chasing ish, apioca lou om a me s, sal ,
seasonings, cooking oil and ha ing cheape equipmen cos s because he ools used in he Black Pempek p oduc ion
p ocess a e no only used once bu can be used o a ai ly long pe iod o ime depending on he use o wo ke s and he
main enance cos s o equipmen such as con aine s, pans, gas cylinde s and o he equipmen ela ed o he Black
Pempek p oduc ion p ocess.
3.2.4. Income and Bene i
Re enue is he esul o mul iplying he amoun o p oduc ion by he selling p ice. The Black Pempek business in his
s udy p oduces wo ypes o Black Pempek p oduc s, namely Black Pempek ma ke ed di ec ly and h ough social media,
namely o e aile s and di ec consume s. The amoun o e enue and income depends on he amoun o Black Pempek
p oduc ion p oduced and seen om he pe spec i e o consume demand.
Table 4 Income and Bene i
No
Type
To al Cos (Rp/mon h)
1
Income
350.000.000,00
2
Bene i
177.629.500,00
3.3. Analysis o Cos s and Income o Black Pempek Business
3.3.1. In es asi Cos
In es men cos s a e cos s incu ed once du ing he li e o a company o ob ain economic bene i s. They can no longe
p o ide bene i s and a e usually called dep ecia ion.
Table 5 In es asi Cos pe yea
Yea
Tyepe
Cos
0
Ren o land
180.000.000
House P oduc ion
120.000.000
To al
300.000.000
3.3.2. Ope a ional Cos
Ope a ional Cos s a e cos s ha can change in alue as a whole acco ding o he le el o business ac i i y in he Black
Pempek Indus y. The g ea e he p oduc ion capaci y owned by a business, he g ea e he ope a ional cos s ha will
be incu ed. In calcula ing he long- e m ope a ional cos s o he Black Pempek bussiness, i is assumed ha he Black
Pempek business will inc ease i s p oduc ion capaci y in 2020 o 2024, his is because in ha yea he Indus y will
de elop i s business by inc easing he le el o demand om consume s.
Table 6 Ope a ional Cos Pe 5 Yea
No
Type
Cos (Rp/5 yea s)
1
Pals ic Vacum
0
2
Tapioka Flou
1.417.500.000
3
Fish
4.725.000.000
4
Seasoning
5.250.000
5
Sal
4.593.750
6
Gas
25.987.500
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 1897-1904
1902
7
Labou
876.750.000
8
Elec ical
29.400.000
9
Wa e
11.812.500
10
Oil
275.625.000
11
Vinega
1.232.070.000
12
Egs
43.312.500
To al Cos
8.647.301.250
3.3.3. Ma e ials Cos
Equipmen cos s a e cos s incu ed o pu chase ools used in he p ocess o making Black Pempek which a e no
disposable and a e usually ound in dep ecia ion cos s. The cos o his equipmen is used by he small and medium
indus ies o Black Pempek such as he cos o display cases, pans, con aine s, ying pans, scales, s i e s o spa ulas
and o he s. The cos o he equipmen used has i s own usage limi . Fo mo e de ails, see Table 4.9.
Table 7 Ma e ials Cos pe 5 Yea
No
Type
Cos (Rp/5 yea )
1
E alase
3.000.000,00
2
Wok
760.000,00
3
Pan
280.000,00
4
Recep acle
500.000,00
5
Scale
360.000,00
6
Spa ula
1.920.000,00
7
Gas
840.000,00
3.3.4. To al Cos
To al cos s a e he esul o adding up he o al ope a ional cos s and he o al equipmen cos s incu ed du ing a day
o once a mon h in ca ying ou he p oduc ion p ocess o p ocessing Black Pempek.
Table 8 To al Cos pe 5 Yea
No
Componen Cos
Cos (Rp/5 yea )
1
Ope a ional Cos
8.647.301.250
2
Ma e ials Cos
7.660.000
To al Cos
8.654.961.250
3.3.5. Re enue
The income ob ained by he Black Pempek Indus y is he esul o mul iplying he amoun o p oduc ion by he selling
p ice applicable o each small and medium scale business. This s udy esul ed in wo ypes o ma ke ing, namely di ec ly
and h ough social media and wi h di e en p ices depending on he ish used in he p ocessing o Black Pempek. The
amoun o income depends on he amoun o i e ish p oduc ion p oduced. Black Pempek p oduc ion will usually
inc ease on big days such as holidays and Ch is mas and New Yea celeb a ions.
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 1897-1904
1903
Table 9 Re enue Black Pempek Food Business (pe 5 yea )
Yea
Type o Ma ke ing
To al Re enue (Rp/5 yea )
1
Di ec
3.500.000.000
2
Di ec
3.512.500.000
3
Di ec
4.230.000.000
4
Di ec
5.660.000.000
5
Di ec
7.100.000.000
To al
24.002.500.000
3.3.6. Bene i
Bene i is he di e ence be ween e enue and o al cos s. Income o p o i will be ob ained i he di e ence be ween
e enue and o al cos s incu ed is posi i e. Long- e m p o i is he ne income ecei ed by he p oduce du ing he
business pe iod, namely he nex i e yea s. In his s udy, he ne p o i ecei ed by he p oduce is calcula ed using he
Bank Indonesia sa ings in e es a e o 7 pe cen .
Table 10 Bene i Black Pempek Food Business (pe 5 yea )
Yea s
To al Cos (Rp/yea )
1
1.679.346.550
2
680.017.500
3
331.203.500
4
762.035.500
5
1.220.400.400
To al
4.673.003.400
3.4. The Analysis Financial Feasibili y o Black Pempek Business
Financial easibili y analysis is pa o he easibili y analysis o a business o p ojec . Financial easibili y analysis aims
o in es iga e he compa ison be ween he expenses and income o a busines.
Table 11 Feasibili y Analysis o Black Pempek Business
K i e ia
Value
NPV
11.763.181.719
PVB
19.172.180.500
PVC
7.408.998.781
G oss B/C
2,20902929
IRR
28.00%
PP
1 yea 2 mon h 18 days
4. Conclusion
Based on he analysis conduc ed on black pempek ood business in Palembang Ci y, i can be concluded ha he black
pempek ood business ac i i y is a p oduc i e economic business ha has been unning well s a ing om he
p ocessing o aw ma e ials o inished p oduc s ha a e eady o be ma ke ed so ha i can maximize he p o i s o
Wo ld Jou nal o Ad anced Resea ch and Re iews, 2025, 26(02), 1897-1904
1904
each business and inancially his business is easible o be de eloped because he NPV alue> 0, G oss B/C> 1, G oss
B/C> 1, IRR> applicable in e es a e, and PP can be achie ed in he i s yea in he hi d mon h.
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